GB 14371-1993 Classification procedures for explosives transported by dangerous goods
Some standard content:
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Transport of Dangerous Goods
Classification Procedure for Explosives
Transport of dangerous goodsSpecification on the classification procedure for explosives
1 Subject content and scope of application||tt| | GB14371-93 | Methods of group and classification codes and classification test items. 1.2 This standard applies to the hazard classification of the following various explosive substances or products before they are proposed for shipment: a. Unclassified various substances or products with deflagration or explosive properties (except strategic missiles and nuclear weapons); b. Those that have been classified, but have significant changes in principles, performance, formulas, structures, materials or packaging, etc. Explosives that may increase or decrease the risk of transportation and affect their classification code. 1.3 This standard is not applicable to the assessment of the following risks: the risk of explosives in the production process; a.
The risk of unpackaged explosive substances in transportation; b.||tt ||c.
d.
e.
Danger caused by the influence of static electricity or electromagnetic field Danger caused by improper or illegal operation; other abnormal transportation conditions special risks. 2 Reference standards
GB6944 Dangerous goods classification and product name number GB12268 Dangerous goods name list
GB14372
3 Terminology
Test methods and criteria for classification of explosives for transport of dangerous goods 3.1 Explosion
releases a large amount of energy, generates high temperature, and releases a large amount of gas in a very short period of time, causing high-pressure chemical reactions or state changes in the surroundings.
3.2 Explosive substance Explosive substance is a substance that can undergo rapid chemical reactions and generate a large amount of heat and gas under the action of a certain amount of energy when there is no external oxygen supply. 3.3 Deflagrating explosive substances are explosive substances that undergo a deflagration reaction rather than a detonation reaction under normal use conditions. 3.4 Detonating explosive substances are explosive substances that undergo a detonation reaction rather than a deflagration reaction under normal use conditions. 3.5 Explosive articles explosive articles approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on 1993-05-03 for implementation on 1993-12-01
GB14371-93
Products containing explosive substances or articles made of explosive substances. 3.6 Explosivesexplosives
The general name for various explosive substances and explosive products. 3.7 Massdetonation or explosion of total contents An explosion in which all substances or products actually occur simultaneously. 3.8 Compatibility group
Two or more substances or products stored or transported together will not increase the probability of accidental accidents, nor will the hazards of such accidents increase for the same transportation volume. level, these goods can be classified as the same assembly group. 3.9 Very insensitive explosive substances are very insensitive substances which have a very low possibility of causing explosion hazard and will not convert from combustion to detonation under normal transportation conditions. This substance does not produce "+\ results in any of the tests in Group 5 5(a) to 5(d) of Article 8.5.1. 3.10 Extremely insensitive detonating substance—EIDS in Article 8.7. 1. Explosive substances that do not have a "+" result in each test of Group 7 7(a)~7(f) 4. Basic requirements for explosive hazard classification
Anything that meets Article 1.2. Before submitting the specified explosives for consignment, the shipper should submit a classification application to the industrial competent department (or industry responsible department), and the industrial competent department (or industry responsible department) or a specialized agency appointed by it shall classify the explosives according to the requirements specified in Figure 1 The explosives classification procedure includes the explosives approval procedure, the explosives subdivision procedure and the determination of the assembly group, and finally determines the classification code of the explosives
approval. The program
has explosive properties and is too
dangerous to be transported
determined item test
1.1,1.2.1.3,1.4
1.5,1.6| |tt||Approved as Class 1
Classification code
Figure 1 Explosives classification procedure
No or minimal explosiveness
Not less than Class 1|| tt||Determine the assembly group
Assembly group
ABC,D,E,F,G
HJKLNS
4.1 Approval of explosives
GB1437193 | Within Category 1 Dangerous Goods: a.
Those that are overly sensitive or that may cause violent reactions such as deflagration and explosion due to spontaneous reactions are refused to be transported or are very sensitive and must be specially approved by the transportation authority and take special measures before they can be transported. substances; the main danger is not explosive substances;
c.
d.
e.
The substance itself is not explosive, but it can produce explosive gases, Substances containing steam or dust; substances that, although explosive, show "two" results in both Group 2 2(a) and 2(b) tests specified in Article 8.2; some products containing explosive substances, due to The nature of explosive substances is stable or the quantity is very small. Even if it is accidentally ignited or triggered during transportation, it will produce projectiles, flames, smoke, heat or noise, but it will not have any impact on the outside of the product. 4.2 Sub-categories of explosives
4.2.1
Items
Explosives are divided into six categories according to their hazard characteristics, see Table 1. Table 1 Explosives breakdown
Specification
1. 1
1. 2
1.3
1.4
1.5||tt| 1.6| Or both, but substances and products that do not pose a risk of overall explosion. Explosive substances and products that do not pose a serious risk
Substances that have a risk of overall explosion but are very insensitive. Under normal transportation conditions, the possibility of the substance detonating or burning to detonation is very small. It contains only extremely insensitive explosive substances, has no overall explosion risk, or has a negligible probability of accidental initiation and spread. Note: 1.1 indicates The goods belong to Item 1 of Category 1 dangerous goods. The rest are destroyed in sequence. 4.2.2 The classification of explosives shall be carried out according to the procedures specified in Chapter 6. 4.3 Classification of explosive assembly groups
4.3.1 According to different characteristics such as physical and chemical properties, explosive performance, internal and external packaging methods, special hazards, etc., explosives are divided into A, B, C, D, E, and F ,G,H,J,K,There are a total of 13 configuration groups for L, N and S, see Table 2. Table 2 Explosive assembly group
Assembly group
A
B
C
D
initiating explosive||tt ||Characteristics of substances and products to be classified
Products containing explosives and at most one effective protective component (such as detonator shell, flash cap shell). Such as detonators and other gunpowder or other flammable explosive substances or products containing such explosive substances. Such as propellant, propellant and solid rocket motor and other detonative explosive substances (including black powder); products containing detonative explosive substances without initiating device and propellant: products with two or more effective protective parts Products containing explosives. For example: TNT, blunt black ladder-1 explosive, black powder, projectiles without fuze, fuze with safety mechanism, etc.
Assembling set
E
F||tt| |G
H
J
K
L
N
s
GB1437193
Continued Table 2
Characteristics of substances and products to be classified
Products containing detonating explosive substances without detonating devices, but with propellant or propellant charge (not Including products containing flammable liquids, flammable colloids or pyrophoric liquids). For example, unfused artillery shells, fire energy bombs, missiles and other products containing detonating explosive substances and with their own detonating devices may contain propellant or propellant charges (excluding flammable liquids, flammable colloids or products containing pyrophoric liquids). For example, fully prepared pyrotechnics or products containing pyrotechnics, or products containing explosive substances and illuminating agents, incendiaries, tear gases or smoke-generating agents (excluding products that react with water or products containing yellow phosphorus, phosphide, spontaneous combustion Pyrotechnic agents, flammable liquids, flammable colloids or pyrophoric liquid products) products containing both explosive substances and yellow phosphorus
Products containing both explosive substances and flammable liquids or flammable colloids Products containing chemical poisons have special hazards. Each type of explosive substances or products containing explosive substances needs to be isolated from each other, such as those that react with water, or substances or products containing pyrophoric liquids, phosphides or pyrotechnic agents. Products of extremely insensitive explosive substances are packaged or designed to meet the following requirements: their packaging or structure can ensure that any dangerous effects caused by accidental factors during storage and transportation can be limited to the packaging within the file. Even if the package has been damaged by fire, the explosion wave or fragmentation effect should be limited to a range that will not seriously hinder and prevent fire fighting or other emergency measures near the package. 4.3.2 Determination of the explosive assembly group The regulations in Chapter 7 are carried out. 4.4 Explosives classification code
4.4.1 The classification code of explosives consists of two Arabic numerals (with a dot in the middle) indicating the class and item and a letter indicating the assembly group composition. The pattern is:
0
area
represents the letter of the assembly group
represents the mathematics of the item of the explosive
represents the 1st category Dangerous goods
44.2 Possible classification codes for explosives are shown in Table 3. Sub
Assembly group
Level
Generation
No.
Item
Specification
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.1~1.6
Total
A
B
1.1A
1.1B
C
1.1C
Table 3
D
1.1D|| tt||GB 14371--93
Possible classification code of explosives
E
F
G
1.1G
1.1 E
1.1F
1.2F
1.2B
1.2C1.2D
1.2F
1. 3C||tt| |H
J
1. 1J
1.2G
1.2H
1.2J
1.3G
1.3 H
1.3F
1.4B1.4C1.4D1. 4E
1.4G
1.4F
1.5D
1|| tt||5 Explosives Approval Procedure
3
4
3
4
4
2
1.3 J
3
L
1.1L
1.2K1.2L
1.3K1.3L
2
3
N
T.6N
1
s
1. 4S
1
As||tt| |Total
9
10
7
7
1
1
35
( Total)
5.1 When applying for classification, the applicant shall provide the name, composition, physical and chemical properties, combustion and explosion characteristics of the explosive substances contained in the goods to the industrial competent department (or industry responsible department or its designated specialized agency) Characteristics and uses and other relevant information. For explosive products, the quantity of explosive substances contained and the structure of the product should also be included.
5.2 Analyze, test and judge the substances or products to be classified according to the procedures shown in Figure 2 to determine whether they belong to Category 1 dangerous goods, that is, explosives that are allowed to be transported. | |tt |
Do you need to further
determine whether it is explosive
?
Group 1 Test
8
Is the substance
< explosive? 》
Yaxiang
Non-explosive substances
Substances to be classified
Whether it is for the purpose of explosion
non-explosive or pyrotechnic effect
The production collar,
According to the review
analysis, whether it may belong to
1
GB14371-93
Yes
Is it still| |tt||, is it possible that it does not belong to
category 1?
香
Passed Group 3》
Try late?
Does not belong to category 1
Xing
Report
According to existing tests
It is tentative whether the data can be authentic
It is the first category
·Class?
Group 3 Test
Is the object
unstable to heat?
香
15
Is the substance too
dangerous to transport in a
tested state? | |tt | tt||Is it too dangerous to move?
Picture 2 Explosive Products Approval Procedure Diagram
Rejection of shipment
Rejection of shipment
43
Products to be classified
According to trial| |tt|| Can the verification data be directly temporarily
set as the first change? | |tt | It is not necessary to conduct Group 1 tests to determine that the substance does not belong to Class 1 dangerous goods. 5.2.2 When conducting the 3rd group of tests, 3(c) test should be done first. If the test result is +"., then shipment will be refused. 5.2.3 In the 3rd group of tests, if the 3(c) test result is " "One", but if at least one of the other test results is "Ten", it is considered that the substance is too dangerous to transport and certain measures need to be taken. If the composition of the substance is changed, it must be treated as a substance to be classified. If it is encapsulated or improved, Then the encapsulated or packaged substances need to be evaluated by Group 4. 5.2.4. If a substance or product to be classified can be directly and tentatively classified as Category 1 if a clear judgment can be made based on existing reliable test data (such as military firearms, explosives or ammunition design and production finalization data, etc.), it does not need to be classified as Category 1. Group 3 and Group 4 experiments. 6 Explosives Sub-Procedures
GB14371-93
Substances or products that have been tentatively designated as explosives should be analyzed and tested according to the procedures shown in Figure 3, combined with other relevant information , as well as the accidental accidents that have occurred and the experience of similar graded goods are comprehensively analyzed to determine their categories. 26／Substance is
whether it may belong to
1.5 item 3
yes
Group 5 test
28
whether it is very bad
Sensitive explosive
substance?
35
One ignition
5
Substance or product
Can it be directly set as 1.1, 1.2,
.3 or 1.4 item?
20
Yaxiang
Group 6 test
30
The result is
No all contents
Coal Explosive
Fragrance
Main danger
Is it a dangerous projectile
?
香
32
, or is there still a smaller risk than
when it explodes? | |tt | ||Is it burning or
heat radiation?
The danger
Whether it hinders the fire at nearby
bZxz.net
正香
36 By definition, whether the
goods should be excluded from )
outside Category 1?
Does not belong to Category 1
No
Figure 3 Explosives sub-program chart
40
Item 1.1
41|| tt||1.2 items
42
1.3 items
43
1.4 items
non-S group
44
1.4 items
S group
46
1.5 items
1.6 items
Show 37
Products
Is it possible Belongs to 1,
Group 7 Test
39/ is
fragrance
extremely insensitive
product:
is
6.1 Items 1.1 to 1.4 are generally determined through the Group 6 test specified in Article 8.6. If the goods can be clearly judged to be Category 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.4 (except Group S) based on existing reliable test data, the Category 6 category can be determined directly without conducting the Group 6 test. 6,2 According to the relevant test data and the analysis of the test results of Groups 2 to 4, the sensitivity of the substance is very low and may belong to Category 1.5. The judgment will be based on the results of Group 5 tests specified in Article 8.5. 6.3 According to the analysis of relevant test data and Group 4 test results, the sensitivity of the product is extremely low and may fall into category 1.6. The judgment shall be made based on the results of Group 7 tests specified in Article 8.7. 7 Determination of the assembly group and assembly requirements
7.1 Determination of the assembly group
GB14371-93
7.1.1 Characteristics of various explosives to be determined in the assembly group Compare and analyze with the characteristics description given in Table 2, and refer to similar explosives with determined classification codes to determine the assembly group of the goods. Except for Group S and Group N, testing is generally not required to determine the assembly group.
The assembly groups of explosives classified in GB12268 & List of Dangerous Goods are also determined in accordance with the provisions of this article. 7.1.2 The determination of group S should be combined with the test to determine item 1.4, see Figure 3. 7.1.3 The determination of group N should be combined with the test to determine item 1.6, see figure 3. 7.2 Assembly requirements
7.2 .1 Goods with the same classification code (except group L) can be assembled. 7.2.2 Goods belonging to assembly group L cannot be assembled with goods in other groups, and can only be assembled with goods of the same hazardous type in the group. 7.2.3 Goods with different classification codes are allowed to be equipped with the following configurations. The transportation authorities can formulate assembly rules based on the characteristics of different transportation modes and tools.
7.2.3.1 Goods belonging to assembly groups A to K have the same assembly group but different items. As long as they are all considered to belong to items with smaller numbers, they can be assembled. However, when the goods of Group D of Item 1.5 are assembled with the goods of Group D of Item 1.2, the entire goods shall be regarded as Group D of Item 1.1. 7.2.3.2 Goods belonging to assembly groups C, D, E and F can be assembled, and they are generally regarded as assembly groups with the later letters. 7.2.3.3 Products belonging to assembly group G (excluding pyrotechnic products and products requiring special loading) can be assembled with products of assembly groups C, D and E as long as there are no explosive substances in the same compartment. 7.2.3.4 Goods in assembly group N are generally not assembled with goods in other assembly groups (except group S). However, if goods in assembly group N are assembled with goods in assembly groups C, D, and E, Goods in assembly group N shall be regarded as assembly group D. 7.2.3.5 Goods belonging to assembly group S can be assembled with goods in other assembly groups except assembly groups A and L. 8 Classification test items
This standard only stipulates the test items that should be carried out for classification. For detailed test methods and criteria, see GB14372. Classification tests must be conducted separately on the substances or products to be classified and the goods packaged and ready for transportation. . When performing a grading procedure, experimental groups are selected based on the questions that need to be answered. 8.1 Group 1 test
8.1.1 Test items
1(a) Partition test;
1(b) Baked bomb test.
8.1.2 The purpose of the test is to answer the question in box 8 in the explosives approval procedure chart (Figure 2): "Is the substance explosive?" In the test, as long as one test result is "ten", it The sample is considered explosive. 8.2 Group 2 test
8.2.1 Test items
2(a) Partition test;
2(b) Baked incendiary bomb test.
8.2.2 The purpose of the test is to answer the question in box 5 of the explosives approval procedure diagram (Figure 2): "Is the substance too insensitive to belong to Category 1?" In this set of tests, only when Only when both test results are "temporary" can it be considered that the substance does not belong to Category 1. 8.3 Group 3 test
8.3.1 Test items
3 (a) Impact sensitivity test: ||tt ||3(b) Friction sensitivity test;
3(c) 75C thermal stability test;
3(d) Small combustion test
GB14371-93||tt| |8.3.2 The purpose of the test is to answer the questions in boxes 14 and 15 in the explosives approval procedure diagram (Figure 2): "Is the substance thermally unstable? ” and “Is the substance too hazardous to transport in the condition tested? \First conduct the 3(c) test. If the test result is "ten", the product will be refused shipment. If the test result of 3(c) is "one", but at least one of the other test results is "ten", proceed according to Article 5.2.3. 8.4 Group 4 Test
8.4.1 Test Project
4(a) Product thermal stability test:
4(b)1 test - steel pipe drop test (for liquid substances): 4(b)2 test - 12m drop Test (for articles and solid substances). 8.4.2 The purpose of the test is to answer the question in box 22 of the Explosives Approval Procedure Chart (Figure 2): “Is the article or packaged substance too dangerous for transport? "Only when the test results of both types 4(a) and 4(b) are "one" can it be tentatively classified as Class 1 dangerous goods. 8.5 Group 5 Test
8.5.1 Test Items
5(a) Detonator sensitivity test;
5(b) Combustion to detonation test;
5(c) External fire test;
5(d) Flame sensitivity test.
8.5.2 The purpose of the test is to answer the question in box 28 of the explosives sub-program chart (Figure 3): "Is it a very insensitive explosive substance? "Only when the four test results are "", the substance can be classified as item 1.5. 8.6 Group 6 test
8.6.1 Test items
6 (a) Single piece test;
6(b) Stacking test;
6(c) External fire test
8.6.2 The purpose of the test is to package substances that have been tentatively classified as explosives. Parts or products are divided into categories (see 6.1). Tests 6(a), 6(b) and 6(c) are generally performed in sequence. Appropriate deletions may be made according to specific circumstances. a. Unpackaged products do not need to be tested in 6(a); b. If in test 6(a), it is comprehensively judged based on the test results that the contents of the package actually explode at the same time, then the goods can be classified as For item 1, tests 6(b) and 6(c) can no longer be performed: c. If during test 6(a), the explosion or ignition inside the package does not cause any damage to the outer layer of the package, or the effect is so weak that it cannot be transmitted from one package to another, then test 6(b) may be omitted. 8.7 Group 7 test
8.7.1 Test items
7(a) Detonator sensitivity test;
7(b) Partition test;
7(c) Susan (Susan) impact test:
7(d) bullet impact test;
7(e) external fire test:
7(f) slow bake test;| |tt||7(g) Item 1.6 product external fire test; 7(h) Item 1.6 product slow baking test: 7(j) Item 1.6 product bullet impact test;
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