GBJ 136-1990 Design specification for electroplating wastewater treatment
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Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Design Specification for Electroplating Wastewater Treatment
GBJ136—90
1991Beijing
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
W Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Design Specification for Electroplating Wastewater Treatment
GBJ136—90
Editor Department: Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China Approval department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China Effective date: May 1, 1991
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Notice on the release of the national standard "Design Specifications for Electroplating Wastewater Treatment"
(90) Jianbiaozi No. 311
According to the requirements of the former State Construction Commission (81) Jianfashezi No. 546, the "Design Specifications for Electroplating Wastewater Treatment" jointly formulated by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics and relevant departments has been reviewed by relevant departments. The "Design Specifications for Electroplating Wastewater Treatment" GBJ13690
is now approved as a national standard and will be implemented on May 1, 1991. The Ministry of Machinery and Electronics is responsible for the management of this standard, and its specific interpretation and other work are the responsibility of the Seventh Design Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics. The publication and distribution is organized by the Standard and Quota Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction.
Ministry of Construction
June 29, 1990
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Preparation Instructions
This specification is compiled by the Seventh Design Institute of our Ministry in accordance with the requirements of the Notice No. 546 of the former National Capital Construction Committee (81) Jianfashezi, and is compiled jointly with relevant units.
In the process of compiling this specification, the specification compilation team conducted extensive investigations and studies, carefully summarized the practical experience of electroplating wastewater treatment in my country, absorbed relevant scientific research results, referred to relevant foreign materials, carried out scientific research and experimental verification work on major technical issues, and widely solicited opinions from relevant units across the country. After several discussions and revisions, it was finally reviewed and finalized by our Ministry together with relevant departments. In view of the fact that this specification is compiled for the first time, during the implementation process, it is hoped that all units will combine engineering practice and scientific research, carefully summarize experience, and pay attention to accumulating materials. If you find any need for modification or supplement, please send your comments and relevant information to the Seventh Design Institute of our department (Hepingmenkou, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, zip code 710054) for reference in future revisions.
Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry
April 1989
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Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2
Cleaning of Plated Parts
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Chapter 3
General Provisions
Recovery cleaning method…
Continuous countercurrent cleaning method
Intermittent countercurrent cleaning method….
Backwash cleaning method…
Chemical treatment method·
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Chapter 4
General provisions
Treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater by alkaline chlorination
Treatment of chromium-containing and mixed wastewater by ferrite method…Treatment of chromium-containing wastewater by sodium bisulfite method
Treatment of chromium-containing wastewater by in-tank treatment method
Galvanizing wastewater
Acid and alkaline wastewater
Mixed wastewater
Ion exchange treatment method
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5||tt| |Section 6
Section 7
Chapter 5
General Provisions
Chromium Plating Wastewater
Passivation Chromium-Containing Wastewater
Nickel Plating Wastewater
Cyanide Copper Plating and Cyanide Copper-Tin Alloy Plating Wastewater Potassium Salt Zinc Plating Wastewater
Gold Plating Wastewater
Electrolytic Treatment Method
Section 1
Chromium-Containing Wastewater
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China Power Central Center
（21)
（25)
（26)
（29）
（33）
（35)
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Section 2 Silver Plating Wastewater
Section 3
Copper Plating Wastewater
Chapter 6
Sludge Dewatering·
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Amount of plating solution carried out per unit area of plated parts
Amount of plating solution evaporated
The resistance calculation formula for wastewater passing through the resin layer Activation method of anion and cation exchange resins·… Dewatering by non-diaphragm electrolysis Design data of chlorine equipment Inter-electrode voltage calculation coefficient (b)
Appendix VII
Terms used in this specification
Additional explanation
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Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1.0.1 This specification is formulated to ensure that the design of electroplating wastewater treatment projects implements the national guidelines, policies, laws, regulations and standards on environmental protection, achieves the requirements of preventing and controlling pollution, protecting and improving the environment, and improving the health level of the people, and achieves advanced technology, economic rationality, safety and applicability. Article 1.0.2 This specification is applicable to the design of new, expanded and rebuilt electroplating wastewater treatment projects.
Article 1.0.3 When selecting the design scheme for electroplating wastewater treatment, it must be determined after comprehensive technical and economic comparison in combination with the specific conditions such as electroplating process, wastewater discharge conditions and local environmental requirements.
Article 1.0.4 The design of electroplating wastewater treatment projects should actively adopt effective new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials on the basis of constantly summarizing production practice experience and scientific experimental results, and should gradually improve the level of semi-automatic and automatic control and monitoring.
Article 1.0.5 The devices, structures and buildings for electroplating wastewater treatment should adopt corresponding anti-corrosion, anti-seepage and anti-leakage measures according to the specific conditions such as the nature, concentration and environmental requirements of the contact medium.
For the expansion and reconstruction of electroplating wastewater treatment projects, the original buildings, structures and treatment devices and other facilities should be used as much as possible. Article 1.0.6 The design of electroplating wastewater treatment projects and the treatment design of sludge and waste gas generated during the treatment process shall comply with the provisions of the relevant national standards and specifications in addition to the implementation of this specification. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Chapter 2 Cleaning of Plated Parts
Section 1 General Provisions
Article 2.1.1 The selection of water cleaning process for plated parts shall adopt a cleaning method with high cleaning efficiency, small cleaning water volume and the ability to recycle the liquid carried out of the plated parts. Article 2.1.2 The design of the electroplating process should adopt a low-concentration plating solution, and effective measures should be taken to reduce the amount of plating solution carried out. The amount of plating solution carried out per unit area of the plated part shall be determined through experiments. When there is no conditional test, it can be adopted according to Appendix 1 of this specification. Article 2.1.3 The cleaning water of the recovery tank or the first-level cleaning tank shall use water quality or demineralized water according to the requirements of the electroplating process. When the recovered liquid in the tank reaches the concentration required for reuse, it should be added to the plating tank for reuse. When the recovered liquid affects the quality of the plating solution, it should be purified by filtration, ion exchange or diaphragm electrolysis before reuse. Article 2.1.4 The allowable concentration of the main metal ions in the wastewater of the final cleaning tank should be determined according to the requirements of the electroplating process. Under normal circumstances, the following data can be used: 1. The intermediate plating cleaning is 5~10mg/L; 2. The final plating cleaning is 20~50mg/L. Note: When the final cleaning tank adopts spraying or leaching cleaning, the local limit of the data can be used. Article 2.1.5 When the evaporation of the plating solution in the electroplating tank is balanced with the amount of water used for cleaning, a natural closed circulation process should be adopted. When the evaporation is less than the amount of water used for cleaning, a forced closed circulation process can be adopted. The evaporation of the plating solution should be determined by experiment. When there is no conditional test, it can be adopted according to Appendix 2 of this specification. Article 2.1.Article 6 When the electroplating process adopts automatic production line, the plated parts should be cleaned by backwashing. When manual operation is adopted, intermittent countercurrent cleaning or recovery cleaning should be adopted first.
Article 2.1.7 The cleaning of plated parts pretreatment should adopt a series cleaning process flow. The acid cleaning water can be reused as alkaline cleaning water. Article 2.1.8 When the electroplating production is an automatic line, 3 to 5 levels should be adopted; when it is manual operation, it should not exceed 3 levels. Article 2.1.9 Various cleaning methods for plated parts can be used in combination with ion exchange, electrolysis and other treatment methods according to specific circumstances. Section 2 Recovery Cleaning Method
Article 2.2.1 Recovery cleaning method should be used for manual electroplating production. Article 2.2.2
Operation direction
The recovery cleaning method can adopt the basic process flow shown in Figure 2.2.2. Change water
Recycling
Replenish new water
Figure 2.2.2 Basic process flow of recovery cleaning method. Cleaning water
Recycle after treatment
Utilize or discharge
Article 2.2.3 The recovery cleaning method must be equipped with a one-stage or two-stage recovery tank. The recovered liquid must be utilized.
Article 2.2.4 The amount of water used for cleaning the plated parts per unit area should be less than 100L/m2.
Section 3 Continuous countercurrent cleaning method
Article 2.3.1 The continuous countercurrent cleaning method is suitable for the automatic line production with a short cleaning interval or continuous electroplating. It can also be used for manual production. Article 2.3.2 The continuous countercurrent cleaning method can adopt the basic process flow shown in Figure 2.3.2.
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Operation Direction
Recycling
First-level Cleaning Tank
First-level Cleaning Tank
Double Cleaning
Figure 2.3.2 Basic Process Flow of Continuous Countercurrent Cleaning Method Cleaning Water
The flow direction of cleaning water is opposite to the running direction of plated parts. The concentration of wastewater in the final cleaning tank should be controlled not to exceed the allowable concentration.
Article 2.3.3 The hourly cleaning water volume of the continuous countercurrent cleaning method can be calculated according to the following formula. It should be reviewed based on the hourly output of the electroplated plated parts area. The cleaning water volume per unit area of the plated parts should be less than 50L/m2.
In the formula, g is the amount of cleaning water per hour (L/h); dt is the amount of plating solution carried out per unit time (L/h); n is the number of cleaning tanks,
Co is the metal ion content in the plating solution of the electroplating tank (mg/L); C is the metal ion content in the wastewater of the final cleaning tank (mg/L); (2.3.3)
Si is the concentration correction coefficient (referring to the ratio of the theoretical calculated concentration to the measured concentration of each cleaning tank).
Article 2.3.4 The concentration correction coefficient should be determined through experiments. When there is no conditional test, it can be adopted according to Table 2.3.4.
Concentration correction factor
Number of cleaning tanks
Concentration correction factor S1
0.9~0.950.7~0.80.5~0.60.3~0.40.1~0.2Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Article 2.3.5 Measures such as baffles and overflow conduits should be set between each level of continuous countercurrent cleaning to prevent water short circuit. An emptying pipe should be set at the bottom of the cleaning tank. Section 4 Intermittent countercurrent cleaning method
Article 2.4.1
Production.
Article 2.4.2
Technical process.
Direction of plated parts
Intermittent countercurrent cleaning method is suitable for electroplating automatic line production and manual intermittent countercurrent cleaning method. The basic process shown in Figure 2.wwW.bzxz.Net
．4.2
Recycling
Cleaning water
Figure 2.42 Basic process flow of intermittent countercurrent cleaning method When the wastewater concentration of the final cleaning tank reaches the allowable concentration, the water should be replaced in full or in part in reverse flow step by step, and the water in the first cleaning tank should be recycled. Article 2.4.3 The amount of water replaced in each cleaning cycle of the intermittent countercurrent cleaning method can be calculated according to the following formula, and should be reviewed based on the area output of electroplated parts in each cycle. The amount of water used for cleaning per unit area of the plated parts should be less than 30L/m2. Q
Q——Water change volume per cleaning cycle (L);
x——Ratio of the amount of plated parts carried out to the amount of water changed; T——Cleaning cycle (h);
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(2.4.3-1)
(2.4.3-2)
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n!——Number of cleaning tanks;
S2——Concentration correction coefficient.
Article 2.4.4 The concentration correction coefficient should be determined through experiments. When there is no conditional test, it can be adopted according to Table 2.44.
Concentration correction coefficient S2
Number of cleaning tanks
Concentration correction coefficient S2
Article 2.5.1
Article 2.5.2
Process.
Direction of plated parts
0.9~0.950.7~0.80.5~0.60.3~0.40.1~0.2Section 5 Backwashing Cleaning Method
Backwashing cleaning method is applied to electroplating automatic production line. Backwashing cleaning method can adopt the basic process shown in Figure 2.5.2. Water replenishment
Recycling
Spraying pump
Figure 2, 5.2 Basic process flow of backwashing cleaning method After each immersion of plated parts, the cleaning water of the last tank should be used for backwashing. When the plated parts are taken out of the last cleaning tank, it is advisable to spray with replenishing water. All immersion and spraying should be automatically controlled and coordinated with the electroplating automatic production line. Article 2.5.3 The amount of water used for cleaning per unit area of plated parts in the backwashing cleaning method should be determined through experiments and should be less than 10L/m.
Engineering Construction 6 Standard Full Text Information SystemArticle 4 The concentration correction factor should be determined through experiments. When there is no conditional test, it can be adopted according to Table 2.3.4.
Concentration correction factor
Number of cleaning tanks
Concentration correction factor S1
0.9~0.950.7~0.80.5~0.60.3~0.40.1~0.2Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Article 2.3.5 Between each level of continuous countercurrent cleaning, a baffle plate, overflow conduit and other measures should be set to prevent water short circuit. An emptying pipe should be set at the bottom of the cleaning tank. Section 4 Intermittent countercurrent cleaning method
Article 2.4.1
Production.
Article 2.4.2
Technical process.
Direction of plated parts
Intermittent countercurrent cleaning method is suitable for electroplating automatic line production and manual intermittent countercurrent cleaning method. The basic process shown in Figure 2.
．4.2
Recycling
Cleaning water
Figure 2.42 Basic process flow of intermittent countercurrent cleaning method When the wastewater concentration of the final cleaning tank reaches the allowable concentration, the water should be replaced in full or in part in reverse flow step by step, and the water in the first cleaning tank should be recycled. Article 2.4.3 The amount of water replaced in each cleaning cycle of the intermittent countercurrent cleaning method can be calculated according to the following formula, and should be reviewed based on the area output of electroplated parts in each cycle. The amount of water used for cleaning per unit area of the plated parts should be less than 30L/m2. Q
Q——Water change volume per cleaning cycle (L);
x——Ratio of the amount of plated parts carried out to the amount of water changed; T——Cleaning cycle (h);
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(2.4.3-1)
(2.4.3-2)
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n!——Number of cleaning tanks;
S2——Concentration correction coefficient.
Article 2.4.4 The concentration correction coefficient should be determined through experiments. When there is no conditional test, it can be adopted according to Table 2.44.
Concentration correction coefficient S2
Number of cleaning tanks
Concentration correction coefficient S2
Article 2.5.1
Article 2.5.2
Process.
Direction of plated parts
0.9~0.950.7~0.80.5~0.60.3~0.40.1~0.2Section 5 Backwashing Cleaning Method
Backwashing cleaning method is applied to electroplating automatic production line. Backwashing cleaning method can adopt the basic process shown in Figure 2.5.2. Water replenishment
Recycling
Spraying pump
Figure 2, 5.2 Basic process flow of backwashing cleaning method After each immersion of plated parts, the cleaning water of the last tank should be used for backwashing. When the plated parts are taken out of the last cleaning tank, it is advisable to spray with replenishing water. All immersion and spraying should be automatically controlled and coordinated with the electroplating automatic production line. Article 2.5.3 The amount of water used for cleaning per unit area of plated parts in the backwashing cleaning method should be determined through experiments and should be less than 10L/m.
Engineering Construction 6 Standard Full Text Information SystemArticle 4 The concentration correction factor should be determined through experiments. When there is no conditional test, it can be adopted according to Table 2.3.4.
Concentration correction factor
Number of cleaning tanks
Concentration correction factor S1
0.9~0.950.7~0.80.5~0.60.3~0.40.1~0.2Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Article 2.3.5 Between each level of continuous countercurrent cleaning, a baffle plate, overflow conduit and other measures should be set to prevent water short circuit. An emptying pipe should be set at the bottom of the cleaning tank. Section 4 Intermittent countercurrent cleaning method
Article 2.4.1
Production.
Article 2.4.2
Technical process.
Direction of plated parts
Intermittent countercurrent cleaning method is suitable for electroplating automatic line production and manual intermittent countercurrent cleaning method. The basic process shown in Figure 2.
．4.2
Recycling
Cleaning water
Figure 2.42 Basic process flow of intermittent countercurrent cleaning method When the wastewater concentration of the final cleaning tank reaches the allowable concentration, the water should be replaced in full or in part in reverse flow step by step, and the water in the first cleaning tank should be recycled. Article 2.4.3 The amount of water replaced in each cleaning cycle of the intermittent countercurrent cleaning method can be calculated according to the following formula, and should be reviewed based on the area output of electroplated parts in each cycle. The amount of water used for cleaning per unit area of the plated parts should be less than 30L/m2. Q
Q——Water change volume per cleaning cycle (L);
x——Ratio of the amount of plated parts carried out to the amount of water changed; T——Cleaning cycle (h);
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(2.4.3-1)
(2.4.3-2)
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n!——Number of cleaning tanks;
S2——Concentration correction coefficient.
Article 2.4.4 The concentration correction coefficient should be determined through experiments. When there is no conditional test, it can be adopted according to Table 2.44.
Concentration correction coefficient S2
Number of cleaning tanks
Concentration correction coefficient S2
Article 2.5.1
Article 2.5.2
Process.
Direction of plated parts
0.9~0.950.7~0.80.5~0.60.3~0.40.1~0.2Section 5 Backwashing Cleaning Method
Backwashing cleaning method is applied to electroplating automatic production line. Backwashing cleaning method can adopt the basic process shown in Figure 2.5.2. Water replenishment
Recycling
Spraying pump
Figure 2, 5.2 Basic process flow of backwashing cleaning method After each immersion of plated parts, the cleaning water of the last tank should be used for backwashing. When the plated parts are taken out of the last cleaning tank, it is advisable to spray with replenishing water. All immersion and spraying should be automatically controlled and coordinated with the electroplating automatic production line. Article 2.5.3 The amount of water used for cleaning per unit area of plated parts in the backwashing cleaning method should be determined through experiments and should be less than 10L/m.
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