Some standard content:
ICS43.160
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T8582.1-2001
Agricultural vehiclesDriveaxles2001-06-04Published
China Machinery Industry Federation
2001-10-01Implementation
JB/T85821-2001
This standard is a revision of JB/T85821997 "Technical Conditions for Drive Axles of Four-wheeled Agricultural Transport Vehicles" and JB/T501081998 "Reliability Assessment Test Specifications for Drive Axles of Four-wheeled Agricultural Transport Vehicles". Compared with the original standard, the main technical content of this standard has been changed as follows: - The technical content of drive axles for three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles has been added: the main performance and reliability indicators of drive axles and the corresponding test methods are given; - The inspection rules have been improved.
This standard replaces JB/T85821997 and JB/T501081998 from the date of implementation. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Agricultural Transport Vehicle Standardization Technical Committee. The responsible drafting unit of this standard: China Agricultural Mechanization Science Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard: Zhang Xiansheng and Liu Yanbin. This standard was first issued in June 1997 and revised for the first time in June 2001. 1
1 Scope
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Agricultural Transport Vehicle Drive Axle
Agricultural vehicles Drive axles JB/T8582.1—2001
Replaces JB/T85821997
JB/T501081998
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging and storage of agricultural transport vehicle drive axles. This standard applies to drive axles for agricultural transport vehicles (including chain drive axles and transmission-connected drive axles). 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards GB191—2000
GB/T2828—1987
JB/T5673—1991
3 Technical requirements
3.1 General requirements
Packaging, storage and transportation, graphic markings
Batch inspection, counting, sampling procedures and sampling tables (applicable to continuous batch inspection) General technical conditions for painting of agricultural and forestry tractors and implements 3.1.1 Products shall comply with the provisions of this standard and be manufactured according to product drawings and technical documents approved through the prescribed procedures. 3.1.2 Each component shall comply with the corresponding standard requirements and may be assembled only after passing the inspection. 3.2 Assembly
3.2.1 The parts should be cleaned before assembly, and the matching parts should be checked for consistency during assembly. 3.2.2 The assembly should be connected reliably and not loose. The tightening torque of the fasteners should comply with the requirements of the instruction manual or drawings. 3.2.3 Under no-load, the drive axle runs at an input speed of about 1000r/min for 30 minutes. There should be no abnormal sound, and the temperature rise of all bearing installation parts should not exceed 25℃.
3.2.4 All parts of the drive axle should be filled with grease or lubricating oil according to the requirements of the instruction manual or drawings. 3.2.5 The transmission part of the transmission-connected drive axle should have an oil quantity check or liquid level limit device. 3.2.6 The transmission-connected drive axle speed control mechanism should not have the phenomenon of not being able to engage in gear or random gears when in working state, and there should be no automatic gear jump or gear disengagement after engaging in gears.
3.3 AppearancewwW.bzxz.Net
3.3.1 The axle housing of the cast drive axle shall be flat, and no defects such as cracks, inclusions and pores that affect the quality are allowed. The axle housing welds of the welded drive axle shall be uniform, firm, reliable, neat and beautiful, and no welding defects such as leakage, burn-through, false welding and cracks are allowed. 3.3.2 There shall be no oil leakage or oil seepage at the oil seals and joint surfaces of the drive axle. 3.3.3 The paint coating of the non-matching outer surface of the drive axle shall comply with the provisions of TQ-4-SC-DM in JB/T5673. 3.4 Performance
Approved by China Machinery Industry Federation on June 4, 2001, implemented on October 1, 2001
3.4.1 Static torsional strength
JB/T8582.1-2001
The reserve coefficient of static torsional strength of chain drive axle or transmission joint drive axle assembly shall not be less than 2, and the reserve coefficient of static torsional strength of other drive axle assemblies shall not be less than 1.8.
3.4.2 Vertical bending rigidity
The maximum deformation of the drive axle housing (frame) shall not exceed 1.5mm per meter of wheelbase when the axle is fully loaded. 3.4.3 Vertical bending static strength
The reserve coefficient of vertical bending (fracture or severe plastic deformation) of the axle housing (frame) of the chain drive drive axle or the transmission combined drive axle shall not be less than 4.5, and the reserve coefficient of vertical bending (fracture or severe plastic deformation) of the axle housing of other drive axles shall not be less than 6.3.4.4 Vertical bending fatigue life
The test data shall be distributed according to the logarithmic normal distribution (or Weibull distribution), and the median life shall not be less than 80×104 times, and the minimum life of the test sample shall not be less than 50×10 times.
3.4.5 Assembly fatigue life
3.4.5.1 Fatigue life of the assembly rotation system of the chain drive drive axle or the transmission combined drive axle After the chain drive drive axle reaches 50×104 test cycles, the main parts of the drive axle shall not be damaged, and the passive sprocket shall not have failure phenomena such as tooth fracture, tooth surface crushing or severe wear after reaching the specified number of cycles. After the fatigue life of the gears of the transmission-connected drive axle reaches the test cycle number specified in Table 1, the gears shall not have broken teeth, serious pitting on the tooth surface (pitting occurs at any point, the area exceeds 4mm, and the depth is 0.5mm), and the main parts shall not be damaged. Table 1 Fatigue life of each gear
Type of transmission
Three-speed transmission
Four-speed transmission
Input shaft load
(T×100%)
Number of cycles of transmission output shaft (×10)
1 If the speed of the transmission output shaft is inconvenient to measure, it can be converted to the speed of the input shaft according to the actual speed ratio, and the number of cycles can be measured at the input shaft end. 2 Reverse gear test 2h
3 For drive axles with more than four gears, select four gears closest to the general four-speed transmission according to their speed, and test them according to the requirements of the four-speed transmission. 3.4.5.2 The fatigue life test data of other drive axle assembly gears shall be distributed according to the logarithmic normal distribution (or Weibull distribution), and the median life shall not be less than 50×104 times, and the minimum life of the test sample shall not be less than 30×104 times.
Gear failure judgment criteria: gear tooth fracture, tooth surface crushing, severe tooth surface spalling and severe tooth surface pitting (the total area of fatigue spalling and pitting on the tooth surface accounts for more than or equal to 1% of all tooth surfaces; the spalling and pitting area on a single tooth surface is greater than or equal to 4% of the tooth surface). 4 Test method
4.1 Stability test of the speed control mechanism of the transmission-connected drive axle 4.1.1 Test device
The speed control device of the transmission-connected drive axle simulates the running state of the transport vehicle. At its designed position, it can move 7mm relative to the front and rear of the drive axle and swing 50mm relative to each other up and down. 4.1.2 Test Procedure
JB/T8582.12001
The drive axle assembly is connected to the test bench, and the input shaft runs at a speed of about 1000min without load. The speed control mechanism and the drive axle are relative to each other at the front upper, front lower, rear upper, and rear lower extreme positions to change each gear and run for 3 minutes each. Check whether there is any phenomenon of not being able to engage the gear, random gear, automatic gear jump, and gear disengagement during the gear shifting and gear shifting operation. 4.2 Paint Quality Inspection
The inspection of paint quality shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of JB/T5673. 4.3 Other assembly and appearance quality inspection
Inspect by visual inspection and conventional testing equipment. 4.4 Static Torsion Strength Test
4.4.1 Test Purpose
Assess the weakest torsion-resistant part in the drive axle assembly and calculate the static torsion strength reserve coefficient. 4.4.2 Test equipment
Static torsion loading device, torque machine, XY recorder, sensor, etc. 4.4.3 Test torque
The test torque of the chain drive axle is calculated according to formula (1): Where: TNL
TN-Temuxkipi
The static torsional strength test torque of the chain drive axle, N·m; The maximum torque of the maximum power engine allowed to match, N·m; The first gear speed ratio of the transmission, take 4;
The speed ratio from the engine to the transmission input shaft, take 2
The main drive speed ratio, take 3.
The test torque of the transmission drive axle is calculated according to formula (2): Tnr=Temaxi
Wherein: TNT
The static torsional strength test torque of the transmission drive axle, N·m; The maximum torque of the maximum power engine allowed to be matched, N·m: The speed ratio from engine to transmission input shaft, take 2
The test torque of other drive axles is calculated according to formula (3) and formula (4), and the smaller one is taken as the test torque T: Te-Temaxktip,/n
Wherein: T..
Wherein: Tpe
The test torque calculated according to the maximum torque of the maximum power engine allowed to be matched, N·m; The maximum torque of the maximum power engine allowed to be matched, N·m; The first gear speed ratio of the transmission:
The low gear speed ratio of the transfer case;
The number of drive axles when the transfer case is used in low gear. Tg=Qprk/i
Calculate the test torque to the reducer driving gear according to the maximum adhesion, N·m; static full-load axle load, N;
Adhesion coefficient, take 0.8:
Tire rolling radius, m;
i—speed ratio of the main reducer.
4.4.4 Test procedure
4.4.4.1 Chain drive drive axle
JB/T8582.12001
Fix the two wheel hubs and leaf spring support of the assembly on the test bench and keep the half-axle axis horizontal. Gradually load the driving sprocket through a 1:1 sprocket chain drive until 20 times the test torque or any part of the drive axle assembly rotation system is broken (damaged), and record the loading torque and rotation angle of the input shaft when 2.0 times the test torque value or breaking (damaged). 4.4.4.2 Transmission drive axle
Fix the two wheel hubs of the assembly on the test bench bracket, fix the speed input shaft on the test bench through the sliding bearing support, and connect the static torque loading device to the input shaft.
Put the gear lever in the first gear, slowly load until 2.0 times the test torque or any part in the drive axle assembly transmission system is broken (damaged), and record the loading torque and rotation angle of the input shaft when 2.0 times the test torque value or breaking (damaged). 4.4.4.3 Other drive axles
a) Fix the axle housing of the assembled drive axle assembly firmly on the bracket. The input end of the drive axle assembly (i.e. the end of the reducer driving gear) is connected to the output end of the torque machine. The output end of the drive axle (i.e. the half-shaft output end or the wheel hub) is fixed on the bracket. b) Adjust the torque arm so that the arm is in a horizontal position and swings up and down during the test, and calibrate the instrument. c) Start the torque machine (the speed at the output end of the torque machine should not exceed 0.25r/min) and slowly load 1.8 times the test torque or any part is torn off (broken), and record the T-θ curve through the XY recorder. Record the torque and angle of 1.8 times the test torque value or the moment of torsion (broken). 4.4.5 Data processing
4.4.5.1 Static torsional strength
Take the minimum value of the static torsional breaking (broken) torque of all samples as the T value. 4.4.5.2 Static torsional strength reserve coefficient
The static torsional strength reserve coefficient is calculated according to formula (5), formula (6) or formula (7): For chain drive axle:
K-TITNL
Where: K
Static torsional strength reserve coefficient;
Static torsional breaking (broken) torque, N·m;
TNL Chain drive axle static torsional strength test torque, N·m. For transmission-connected drive axle:
K=T/TNT
Where: TNT
Test torque for static torsion strength of transmission-connected drive axle, N·mFor other drive axles:
Kk-T/T
Where: TTest torque for static torsion strength of other drive axles, N·m4.5 Test for vertical bending rigidity and vertical bending static strength4.5.1 Test purpose
To assess the vertical bending rigidity and vertical bending static strength of the drive axle housing (frame), and to calculate the maximum deformation per meter of wheelbase and the backup coefficient for vertical bending failure (fracture or severe plastic deformation) when the axle is fully loaded. 4.5.2 Test device
JB/T8582.1-2001
Hydraulic fatigue testing machine or other corresponding testing machines, dial indicator (or displacement sensor), etc. 4.5.3 Test Procedure
4.5.3.1 Chain Drive Axle Frame (including all drive axle parts except brakes) a) Install the drive axle frame on the test bench bracket and level it. If the force application point is the center of the two leaf spring seats, the fulcrum should be the corresponding point of the wheelbase of the axle, that is, the corresponding wheelbase of the tapered axle diameter extending from the semi-floating axle. b) During installation, ensure that the force application direction is perpendicular to the centerline of the axle tube of the drive axle frame, and the fulcrum should be able to roll so that no movement will occur when loading and deformation occurs.
c) After installation, preload to full axle load (8800N when the axle diameter is Φ≤30, 13000N when 30<Φ≤35, and 17600N when Φ>35) two or three times.
d) When unloading to zero, adjust the dial indicator to zero position, and the measuring points should be no less than five points, as shown in Figure 1. *
OForce point
XDigital indicator measuring point
Figure 1 Simple diagram of force point, support point and measuring point position for vertical bending rigidity test of drive axle framee) Load slowly from zero. The maximum test load for vertical rigidity test is 2.5 times of static full load axle load. Record no less than six times from zero to maximum test load, and the displacement of each point at static full load axle load and maximum test load must be recorded. Each axle frame should be measured at least three times. The scale should be "zeroed" at the beginning of each test. f) When doing the vertical bending static strength test of the drive axle frame, remove the dial indicator and load until 4.5 times of static full load axle load or axle housing failure (fracture or severe plastic deformation), and do not repeat in the middle, and record the load at failure 9.4.5.3.2 Drive axle housing with non-independent suspension and full floating half-axle structurea) Install the axle housing with reducer housing and rear cover on the bracket. The axle housing must be laid flat. If the force point is the center of the two leaf spring seats, the fulcrum is the corresponding point of the wheelbase of the axle, or the force point and fulcrum are interchanged. b) During installation, ensure that the force direction is perpendicular to the center line of the axle tube of the bridge housing. The fulcrum should be able to roll to adapt to the loading deformation without causing motion interference.
) After installation, preload to full load axle load two or three times, and start formal measurement after unloading. d) When unloading to zero, adjust the dial indicator to zero position, and the measuring point position should not be less than seven points, as shown in Figure 2. 5
JB/T8582.12001
Dial indicator measuring point
Figure 2 Simple diagram of the force point, fulcrum and measuring point position of the bridge housing vertical bending rigidity test e) Slowly load and record the dial indicator from zero. Perform the bridge housing vertical bending rigidity test load to 3.0 times the static full load axle load. The records from zero to 3 times of the static full load axle load shall not be less than eight times, and the displacement of each measuring point at the full load axle load and 3 times of the static full load axle load must be recorded. Each axle housing shall be measured at least three times. The scale should be adjusted to zero at the beginning of each test. f) When doing the vertical bending static strength test of the axle housing, when loaded to 3.0 times of the static full load axle load, remove the dial indicator and add it once until it is destroyed. No repetition is allowed in the middle. Record the failure (fracture or severe plastic deformation) load. 4.5.4 Data processing
4.5.4.1 Vertical bending rigidity
Calculate the numerical value of the ratio of the maximum displacement point displacement and the wheelbase of the drive axle housing (frame) at the static full load axle load, and draw a connecting line graph of the displacement of each measuring point under each recorded load.
4.5.4.2 Vertical bending static strength
Calculate the vertical bending failure (fracture or severe plastic deformation) backup coefficient of each sample according to formula (8), and take the minimum value K of the vertical bending failure (fracture or severe plastic deformation) backup coefficient of all samples as the final test result. K=9.0
Wherein: K vertical bending failure (fracture or severe plastic deformation) backup coefficient: 9-vertical bending failure (fracture or severe plastic deformation) load, N; O static full load axle load, N.
4.6 Drive axle housing (frame) vertical bending fatigue test (8)
This test is only applicable to drive axle housings with non-independent suspension and full floating half-axle structure, chain drive drive axle housings and transmission integrated drive axle housings (without gears other than differential gears). 4.6.1 Test purpose
Evaluate the vertical bending fatigue life of the drive axle housing (frame). 4.6.2 Test device
Hydraulic fatigue testing machine or other corresponding testing machine, load error ±1%. 4.6.3 Test load
The lower limit load of the test is 0.5 times the static full load axle load. JB/T8582.1-2001
The upper limit load of the drive axle frame and the transmission-connected drive axle housing of the chain drive axle is 2.0 times the static full load axle load, and the upper limit load of the axle housing of other drive axles is 3.0 times the static full load axle load.
Use sinusoidal wave alternating load loading, and the test frequency depends on the equipment. 4.6.4 Test procedure
4.6.4.1 The installation and force point and support point position requirements of the axle housing (frame) are the same as those in 4.5.3.1 and 4.5.3.24.6.4.2 After installation, preload to the upper limit load three times, and start the test after unloading4.6.4.3 Start recording the number of tests when the load reaches the value specified in 4.6.3. 4.6.4.4 Stop when the specimen breaks, and record the downtime, damaged parts and fracture conditions4.6.5 Data processing
The fatigue life of the drive axle housing is processed according to the log-normal distribution. 4.7 Fatigue life test of drive axle assembly gear 4.7.1 Test purpose
To test the fatigue life of the drive axle assembly gear. 4.7.2 Test equipment
Closed test bench or open test bench, torque tachometer. 4.7.3 Test conditions
4.7.3.1 Test torque
Calculate according to formula (9) and formula (10), and take the smaller one as the test torque T. The test accuracy is controlled within ±1.5%, T-Tsmaxklipe/n
Where: Te
Where: Tpe
The test torque calculated according to the maximum torque of the maximum power engine allowed to match, N·m; The maximum torque of the maximum power engine allowed to match, N·m: The first gear ratio of the transmission;
The high gear ratio of the transfer case:
The equivalent number of drive axles when the transfer case is used in high gear. Tpo=Qork/i
Calculate the test torque to the reducer driving gear according to the maximum adhesion, N·m; static full-load axle load, N;
Adhesion coefficient, take 0.8:
Tire rolling radius, m:
Main reducer speed ratio.
Lubricating oil
The lubricating oil in the tested drive axle should be filled according to the brand specified in the technical conditions. 4.7.3.3 Oil temperature
During the formal test, ordinary oil should be controlled within the range of 70~90℃, and hyperbolic gear oil should be controlled within the range of 85~120℃. 4.7.4 Test procedure
4.7.4.1 Record the meshing imprint of forward and reverse under no-load. (9)
JB/T8582.1-2001
4.7.4.2 Running-in: Run-in is performed at three torques of 1/4T, 1/2T and 3/4T from small to large. The time for each period is based on the number of cycles of the driving wheel running 2X10+-3X10° (one cycle is one rotation of the driving wheel). 4.7.4.3 Formal test: After running-in, load according to T and test according to the provisions in 4.7.3 until the gear fails. Failure forms include tooth fracture, tooth surface crushing, severe tooth surface peeling and severe tooth surface pitting. 4.7.5 Data processing
The fatigue life of the gear follows the log-normal distribution (or Weibull distribution), and the median fatigue life is taken. 4.8 Fatigue life test of the drive axle assembly rotating system 4.8.1 Test purpose
Test the fatigue life of the drive axle assembly rotating system. 4.8.2 Test equipment
Open (or closed) test bench, speed torque meter, etc. 4.8.3 Test conditions
4.8.3.1 Test torque
Chain drive axle is calculated according to formula (11): Where: T,L
Tol-Temxkijio
Chain drive axle torsional fatigue test torque, N·m; Maximum torque of the maximum power engine allowed to match, N·m; First gear speed ratio of the transmission, take 4;
Engine to transmission input shaft speed ratio, take 2; Main drive speed ratio, take 3.
Test torque of transmission joint drive axle is calculated according to formula (12): Tpr=Tamuxi
Where: TT
Test torque of transmission joint drive axle torsional fatigue test torque, N·m; Maximum torque of the maximum power engine allowed to match, N·m: i—Engine to transmission input shaft speed ratio, take 2. The test accuracy of the test torque is controlled within the range of ±1.5%. 4.8.3.2 Lubricating oil
The lubricating oil in the tested drive axle shall be filled according to the brand specified in the technical conditions. 4.8.3.3 Oil temperature
The oil temperature shall be controlled within the range of 70~90℃ during the formal test. 4.8.4 Chain drive drive axle test procedure
4.8.4.1 Fix the two leaf spring supports of the assembly on the test bench bracket and keep the half-axle axis horizontal. The hubs at both ends are connected to the test bench loading device. Through the chain drive with the ratio of the number of teeth of the passive wheel to the number of teeth of the active sprocket being 1, drive the active sprocket at a speed of 550~725r/min on the active sprocket shaft.
4.8.4.2 Use the Tl calculated in 4.8.3.1 to run-in according to three loads from small to large, 0.25Tl, 0.5T and 0.75T. Each time segment is based on the number of cycles of the passive sprocket running 0.7X104 (one cycle is one rotation of the passive sprocket). 4.8.4.3 After the formal test begins, load according to T, and test according to the conditions specified in 4.8.3 until the number of cycles of the passive sprocket reaches 50×8
JB/T8582.1-2001
104. Check and record the number of cycles and damage. 4.8.5 Transmission joint drive axle test procedure 4.8.5.1 Fix the two leaf spring supports of the drive axle assembly on the test bench bracket in the same working state, and connect the two hubs to the test bench loading device. Directly drive the speed input shaft.
4.8.5.2 Drive the speed input shaft with 0.5Tmax torque and 1100~1450r/min to run-in each gear for 2h, and then clean it for formal test. 4.8.5.3 The test is carried out by combining the high-speed priority test with the medium and low-speed cycle test. According to the requirements of Table 1, the high-speed test shall be completed first, and then the medium and low-speed tests shall be repeated in five cycles according to the cycle test method. Each cycle shall start from the low gear and gradually switch to the medium gear. After the five cycles of the forward gear are completed, the reverse gear operation shall be carried out for 2 hours. The number of test cycles for each gear shall be one-fifth of the total number of cycles (see Table 1) for that gear (except the high gear). After completing the above test cycles, record the damage of the transmission-connected drive axle or the situation where the test cycle damage is not reached.
5 Inspection rules
5.1 Factory inspection
5.1.1 Each drive axle shall be inspected and qualified by the inspection department of the manufacturer before it can be shipped, and the product must be accompanied by a certificate of conformity before it leaves the factory. 5.1.2 Inspection items and judgment rules
Each drive axle shall be inspected for the items specified in 3.2 and 3.3. All items must be qualified before the certificate can be issued. 5.2 Type inspection
5.2.1 Type inspection should be carried out in any of the following situations: a) Trial design and appraisal of new products or old products transferred to the factory for production; b) After formal production, when there are major changes in structure, materials and processes that may affect product performance;? Regular spot checks during mass production; d) When resuming production after a long period of suspension;
e When the national quality supervision agency makes a request for type inspection. 5.2.2 The inspection items for type inspection are shown in Table 2, which are divided into two categories, A and B, according to their quality characteristics. Table 2
Item classification
Static torsional strength
Vertical bending rigidity
Vertical bending static strength
Vertical bending fatigue life
Assembly fatigue life
Inspection items
5.2.3 When mass production or national quality supervision agencies conduct type inspection, the sampling inspection and judgment and disposal rules shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T2828. The normal inspection one-time sampling plan may be adopted, the inspection level is the special inspection level S-1, and the inspection batch is not less than 20 pieces. The specific sampling inspection plan is shown in Table 3.
Item classification
Sample size
Number of items
Inspection level
Sample code
JB/T8582.1-2001
5.2.4 For other types of inspection,
three units shall be randomly selected for inspection, and the test results shall comply with the provisions of this standard. User acceptance
The ordering unit has the right to conduct random inspections on the products received. The test items, sampling plans, sampling inspections and judgment and disposal rules shall be in accordance with the provisions of this standard and GB/T2828 and shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. Marking, packaging and storage
6.1 The drive axle should have a label with clear handwriting, correct and firm installation, and should indicate the following: a) Manufacturer name or registered trademark:
b) Product name:
c) Product model:
d) Factory number:
e) Manufacturing date (year, month).
6.2.1 The following documents shall be attached when the drive axle is packed: a) Product certificate:
b) Drive axle installation and operating instructions.
6.2.2 When packing, the specified accessories, spare parts, etc. shall be packed into the box together with the drive axle, and a packing list shall be attached. 6.2.3 When packing, all exposed threaded parts shall be protected, and dust and moisture-proof measures shall be taken in the packaging box, and the packaging materials shall have moisture-proof ability. The packaging must be reliable so as not to cause damage to the drive axle during transportation. 6.2.4 The following contents shall be marked on the outside of the packaging box, and its graphic marks shall comply with the provisions of GB191: a) Manufacturer's name and address;
b) Product model and name:
c) Gross weight:
d) Overall dimensions:
e) Shipping address and consignee:
f Transportation precautions:
g) Packing date (year, month, day).
6.3 Storage
6.3.1 The product should be stored in a ventilated, dry warehouse without acid and alkali gas corrosion, and should not be stored in the open air. 6.3.2 Under normal storage conditions, the product should be guaranteed to have an effective anti-rust period of 12 months. 10
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