This standard specifies all test methods for testing the frost resistance of ceramic tiles under immersion and freezing conditions. GB/T 3810.12-1999 Ceramic tile test methods Part 12: Determination of frost resistance GB/T3810.12-1999 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS_91.100.25
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T3810.12—-1999
idtIS010545-12:1995
Test methods of ceramic tiles-Part 12:Determination of frost resistancePublished on 11/1/1999
Implemented on 11/1/2000
Published by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision
GB/T:3810.12—1999bzxz.net
This standard is equivalent to ISO10545-12:1995 "Ceramic tiles—Part 12: Determination of frost resistance". This standard is equivalent to the international standard in terms of technical content. The equivalent conversion of standards follows the principles of fidelity, limited scope and inheritance. The main technical differences between this standard and GB/T6955-1986 "Test Method for Antifreeze Performance of Ceramic Wall and Floor Tiles" are: the change from keeping at -15℃±2℃ for 2h and then putting in clean water of not less than 10℃ to thawing for 2h is changed to keeping below -5℃ for 15min and then keeping in water above 5℃ for 15min. The freeze-thaw cycle is increased from 50 to 100 cycles. This standard replaces GB/T6955-1986 from the date of implementation. This standard is proposed by the State Bureau of Building Materials Industry. This standard is under the jurisdiction of Xianyang Ceramic Research and Design Institute of the State Bureau of Building Materials. The drafting units of this standard are Xianyang Ceramic Research and Design Institute of the State Bureau of Building Materials and Standardization Research Institute of the State Bureau of Building Materials. The main drafters of this standard are Tan Yunsheng, Shen Chaohong, Zhao Ruifang, Wang Bo and Wang Ping. GB/T3810.12-1999
ISO Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation organized by national standardization groups (ISO member groups). The work of formulating international standards is usually completed by ISO's technical committees. If each member group is interested in a project established by a technical committee, it has the right to participate in the work of the committee. National organizations (official or unofficial) that maintain contact with ISO can also participate in the relevant work. In terms of electrotechnical standardization, ISO maintains a close cooperative relationship with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The draft international standard formally adopted by the technical committee is submitted to the member groups for voting. It must obtain the consent of at least 75% of the member groups participating in the vote before it can be officially released as an international standard. This international standard ISO10545-12 was drafted by ISO/TC189 Ceramic Tiles Technical Committee. ISO10545 includes the following parts: Its title is Ceramic Tiles. Part 1: Sampling and acceptance conditions
Part 2: Verification of dimensions and surface quality Part 3: Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength Part 5: Determination of impact resistance of bricks by means of coefficient of restitution Part 6: Determination of abrasion depth of unglazed bricks Part 7: Determination of surface abrasion resistance of glazed bricks Part 8: Determination of linear thermal expansion
Part 9: Determination of thermal shock resistance
Part 10: Determination of hygroscopic expansion
Part 1 Part 1: Determination of glaze cracking resistance of glazed tiles Part 12: Determination of frost resistance Part 13: Determination of chemical corrosion resistance Part 14: Determination of stain resistance Part 15: Determination of lead and cadmium dissolution from glazed tiles Part 16: Determination of small color difference Part 17: Determination of coefficient of friction 1 Scope National Standard of the People's Republic of China Test methods of ceramic tiles Part 12: Determination of frost resistance Test methods of ceramic tiles--Part 12: Determination of frost resistance GB/T3810.12—1999 idt Is010545-12:1995 Replaces GB/T6955--1986 This standard specifies all test methods for testing the frost resistance of ceramic tiles under immersion and freezing conditions. 2 Principle
After the ceramic bricks are saturated with water, they are cycled between 5°C and -5°C. All brick faces must be subjected to at least 100 freeze-thaw cycles. 3 Equipment and Materials
3.1 Drying oven capable of operating at 10°C ± 5°C. Microwave, infrared or other drying systems that can achieve the same test results can be used.
3.2 A balance with a weighing accuracy of 0.01% of the mass of the sample. 3.3 A device capable of evacuating with a vacuum pump and then injecting water. A device capable of reducing the pressure in the brick container to a vacuum degree of 60kPa ± 4kPa. 3.4 A freezer capable of freezing at least 10 bricks, with a minimum area of ​​0.25m2, and without the bricks touching each other. 3.5 Deerskin.
3.6 Water. The temperature is maintained at 20°C ± 5°C. 3.7 Thermocouple or other suitable temperature measuring device. 4 Test specimens
4.1 Samples
Use no less than 10 whole bricks with a minimum area of ​​0.25m2. The bricks should be free of defects such as cracks, glaze cracks, pinholes, bumps, etc. If defective bricks must be used for inspection, permanent dyes should be used to mark the defects before the test and these defects should be checked after the test. 4.2 Preparation of test specimens
The bricks are dried in a drying oven (3.1) at 110℃±5℃ to constant weight, that is, the difference between two consecutive weighings at an interval of 24h is less than 0.01%. Record the dry mass (m1) of each brick.
5 Saturation
5.1 After the bricks have cooled to ambient temperature, place them vertically in a vacuum drying oven (3.3) without contact between the bricks or the drying oven. Connect a vacuum pump to the vacuum drying oven to evacuate the pressure to less than 60kPa±2.6kPa. Keep introducing water (3.6) into the vacuum drying oven containing bricks under this pressure and immerse them at least 50mm above the bricks. Maintain the same pressure for 15 minutes and then return to atmospheric pressure. Wring out the wet suede (3.5) by hand and then place the suede on a flat surface. Gently wipe each side of each brick dry in turn and record the wet mass m2 of each brick. 5.2 The initial water absorption rate E, expressed as a percentage by mass, is obtained by formula (1): Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on November 1, 1999 and implemented on January 1, 2000
Where: m1---the mass of each dry brick, g; the mass of each wet brick, g.
6 Steps
GB/T3810.12—1999
m2 - ml ×100
(1)
Select the thickest brick during the test, which should be considered representative of the specimen. Drill a hole with a diameter of 3 mm in the center of one side of the brick, the maximum distance of the hole from the brick edge is 40 mm, insert a thermocouple (3.7) in the hole, and seal the hole with a small piece of insulating material (such as porous polystyrene). If it is not possible to drill a hole in this way, a thermocouple can be placed in the center of one face of a brick and another brick can be attached to this face. The brick to be tested is placed vertically on a support frame in the refrigerator (3.4). In this way, air flows over all surfaces through the gaps between each brick. The brick with the thermocouple is placed in the middle of the specimen. The temperature of the thermocouple is set to the temperature of all bricks during the test. This can be omitted only when the test is repeated with the same specimen. In addition, the thermocouple in the brick should be used for occasional checking. Each temperature measurement should be accurate to ±0.5°C.
Cool the brick to below -5°C at a rate not exceeding 20°C/h. Keep the brick at this temperature for 15 minutes. Immerse the brick in water or spray it with water (3.6) until the temperature reaches above 5°C. The brick is kept at this temperature for 15 minutes. Repeat the above cycle at least 100 times. If the brick is kept immersed in water above 5°C, this cycle can be interrupted. Weigh the mass of the brick after the test (m3), and then weigh the mass of the sample dried to constant weight (m). The final water absorption rate E2 is expressed as a mass percentage and is obtained by formula (2):
Ez = ma= m × 100
Where: ms is the mass of each wet brick after the test, g; - is the mass of each dry brick after the test, g.
(2)
After 100 cycles, check the glaze, front and edge of the brick with the naked eye at a distance of 25 to 30 cm and a light condition of approximately 3001x. If you usually wear glasses, you can wear glasses for inspection. In the early stage of the test, if there is reason to believe that the brick has been damaged, you can check it in the middle stage of the test and make a timely record. Record all observed damage to the glaze, front and edge of the brick. 7 Test report
The test report shall include the following contents:
a) Report in accordance with the provisions of this standard;
b) Qualified bricks that have been identified, and the back of the bricks shall be inspected if necessary; c) The number of bricks used for testing;
d) Initial water absorption E1;
e) Final water absorption E2;
f) Record of defects before the test and all damage to the glaze, front and edges of the bricks after the freeze-thaw test; g) The number of damaged bricks after 100 cycles of the test. 2
People's Republic of China
National Standard
Test methods for ceramic tiles
Part 12: Determination of frost resistance
GB/T3810.12—1999
Published by China Standards Press
No. 16, Sanlihebei Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Tel: 68522112
Printed by Qinhuangdao Printing House of China Standard Press Distributed by Beijing Distribution Office of Xinhua Bookstore Sold by Xinhua Bookstores in all regions Copyright reserved Reproduction prohibited
Format 880×12301/16 Printing sheet 1/2 Number of words 7,000 First edition in March 2000 First printing in March 2000 Number of copies 1-2000
Book number: 155066·1-16570
Price 6.00 yuan
Headings 403-46
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