Some standard content:
GB/T17796—1999
This standard is compiled on the basis of summarizing the experience of boundary surveying and mapping at home and abroad for many years, especially the experience of national boundary surveying and mapping between my country and neighboring countries and provincial boundary surveying and mapping, and referring to relevant documents and published relevant standards. Appendix A of this standard is the appendix of the standard. Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D and Appendix E of this standard are the appendices of reminder. This standard is proposed and managed by the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The drafting unit of this standard is the National Basic Geographic Information Center. The main drafters of this standard are Luo Jianjun, Zhou Xing, Wang Baoxiang and Lv Yongjiang. This standard was first published in August 1999.
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specifications for provincial boundary surveying and mapping
Specifications for provincial boundary surveying and mapping
This standard specifies the basic contents and requirements for the surveying and mapping of land boundaries in provincial administrative regions. GB/T 17796—1999
This standard applies to the surveying and mapping of land boundaries in provincial administrative regions. The surveying and mapping of land boundaries of administrative regions below the provincial level can be implemented by reference. 2 Referenced standards*
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T2260--1999 Administrative division code of the People's Republic of China GB12341-1990 1*25000, 1:50000, 1:100000 Topographic map aerial photogrammetry field specification GB12343-1990 125000, 1:50000 Topographic map compilation specification GB12344-1990 1:100000 Topographic map compilation specification GB12342-1990 1:25000, 1:50000: 1:100-000 Topographic map format GB/T13977-1992 1:5000, 1:10000 Topographic map aerial photogrammetry field specification GB12343-1990 125000, 1:50000 Topographic map compilation specification GB12344-1990 1:100000 Topographic map compilation specification GB12342-1990 1:25000, 1:50000: 1:100-000 Topographic map format Photogrammetry field specification GB5791--199315000, 1:10000 topographic map format GB/T16819--19971:5001:10001:2000 Topographic map plane measurement specification GB/T7929-19951:5001:10001:2000 Topographic map format 3 General provisions
3.1 Purpose and tasks of boundary surveying
3.1.1 Purpose of boundary surveying
The purpose of boundary surveying is to obtain and express information such as the location and direction of administrative area boundaries, so as to provide basic data and scientific basis for boundary survey and border management.
3.1.2 Contents of boundary surveying and mapping
The contents of boundary surveying and mapping include preparation for boundary surveying and mapping, burying of boundary stakes, determination of boundary points, surveying and mapping of boundary lines and related topographical elements, drawing of attached maps of boundary agreements, preparation of descriptions of boundary point locations and boundary line orientation, compilation and printing of the "Detailed Atlas of Provincial-level Administrative Boundaries of the People's Republic of China", etc.
The boundary points described in this standard refer to turning points of the boundary line orientation, including characteristic points describing isolated boundary lines. 3.1.3 Results of boundary surveying and mapping
The results of boundary surveying and mapping include: boundary stake registration form, boundary stake result form, boundary point result form, descriptions of boundary point locations and boundary line orientation, attached maps of boundary agreements, "Detailed Atlas of Provincial-level Administrative Boundaries of the People's Republic of China", etc. 3.2 Basic accuracy of boundary surveying and mapping
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on August 2, 1999, and implemented on October 1, 2000
3.2.1 Plane measurement accuracy of boundary points
GB/T17796-1999
The plane measurement accuracy of boundary points is divided into four levels, and the plane measurement errors of boundary points of each level shall not exceed the provisions of Table 1. Table 1 Plane measurement accuracy of boundary points
Boundary points relative to adjacent control points
Boundary point accuracy level
3.2.2 Elevation accuracy of boundary points
Meanwhile, the error of the position of the boundary point is the error of the median error
m
The elevation error of the boundary point shall not exceed the provisions of Table 2. The tolerance of the spacing error of boundary points relative to adjacent fixed
ground feature points
Table 2 Elevation accuracy of boundary points
Regional category
Meanwhile, the elevation error of boundary points (contour interval)
Qiu Mudi
Note: The contour interval value shall comply with the requirements of GB12341 or GB/T13977 according to the scale of the corresponding boundary agreement drawings. 3.2.3 Accuracy of boundary agreement drawings
Applicable areas
Urban areas
Urban suburbs
Mountainous areas, desert areas
Mountainous areas
The maximum spread point error of the coordinate points in the boundary agreement drawings shall not exceed ±0.2mm on the map, and the mean spacing error of the ground feature points related to the determination of the boundary line relative to the adjacent fixed ground feature points shall not exceed ±0.5mm on the map. Other relevant accuracies shall comply with the requirements of GB12343, GB12344 and GB/T16819.
3.2.4 Accuracy of the Detailed Atlas of Provincial Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China The accuracy of the Detailed Atlas of Provincial Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of GB12343, GB12344 and GB/T16819.
3.3 Benchmark and scale of boundary surveying and mapping
3.3.1 Coordinate system and elevation benchmark
Boundary surveying and mapping adopts the national unified 1980 Xi'an coordinate system and the 1985 national elevation benchmark. 3.3.2 Scale of the boundary claim line mapbZxz.net
The scale of the boundary claim line map of two adjacent administrative regions shall be 1:10000, 150000 or 1:100000 as appropriate.3.3.3 Scale of the attached map of the boundary agreement
The scale of the attached map of the boundary maintenance agreement shall be selected in principle to clearly reflect the direction of the boundary line. It shall be 1:10000, 1:50000 or 1:100000 as appropriate. However, the scale of the attached map of the boundary agreement for the same boundary line shall be consistent. Due to the complex terrain of some sections, an enlarged map of a larger scale shall be drawn.
3.3.4 Scale of the "Detailed Atlas of Boundaries of Provincial Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China" The scale of the "Detailed Atlas of Boundaries of Provincial Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China" is consistent with the scale of the attached map of the boundary agreement. 4 Preparation for Boundary Survey
4.1 Boundary Survey
4.1.1 Field Survey
Boundary survey shall verify the actual positions of legal boundary, customary boundary, administrative jurisdiction and resource ownership scope related to the boundary and investigate relevant circumstances of boundary disputes. 4.1.2 Drawing of Boundary Situation Map
Draw the current status and historical evolution of legal boundary, customary boundary, administrative jurisdiction and resource ownership scope related to the boundary in the form of map.
4.1.3 Preparation of Boundary Situation Description
GB/T 17796--1999
Describe the demarcation of the boundary and its evolution in text form. 4.1.4 Drawing of boundary claim line map
On the basis of drawing boundary line situation map, the two provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) adjacent to the boundary line shall draw their respective boundary claim lines on the same version of topographic map according to the principle of determining the boundary line. The claim line is drawn with a 0.3mm red solid line and can cover any element on the map.
4.2 Boundary points and boundary stakes
4.2.1 Boundary points
Boundary points are divided into boundary points with boundary stakes and boundary points without boundary stakes. The position of boundary points can be described by plane coordinates and elevation or by the relationship between them and adjacent fixed features. 4.2.2 Boundary stake types
Boundary stakes are divided into three-sided and two-sided types. Three-sided boundary stakes are set at the intersection of boundary lines, and two-sided boundary stakes are set at other boundary stake points. 4.2.3 Selection of Boundary Stake Locations
Boundary stake locations should be selected at or near boundary points that are of great significance in reflecting the direction of the boundary line, generally at the turning point of the boundary line where the actual terrain is difficult to distinguish, the intersection of the transit road and the boundary line, and the starting and ending points of the boundary line bounded by linear features. 4.2.4 Boundary Stake Burying Density
The density of boundary stake burials should be based on the principle of controlling the basic direction of the boundary line and setting as few as possible. The specific density shall be agreed upon by the two parties to the boundary survey based on the terrain conditions of the boundary line.
Boundary stakes are generally not buried in areas where the direction of the boundary line is obvious and there is no road passing through; boundary stakes may also not be buried in areas with natural or artificial signs.
Two boundary stakes with the same number are set on both sides of the boundary river; three boundary stakes with the same number are set at the intersection of the boundary river. 4.2.5 Boundary line numbering
Boundary line numbering uses 4 digits, consisting of the first two digits of the provincial administrative region codes of the two adjacent provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) (hereinafter referred to as the provincial abbreviation code), with the provincial abbreviation code with a smaller value arranged first. The administrative region codes of each province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government) shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T2260.
4.2.6 Naming of Boundary Lines
The name of a boundary line is composed of the abbreviations of the two adjacent provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) plus the word "Line", with the abbreviations of the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) with smaller provincial abbreviations arranged first.
4.2.7 Numbering of Boundary Stakes
The numbering of boundary stakes is based on two numbering units for each boundary line. Within a numbering unit, Arabic numerals are generally used to number the boundary line from west to east or from north to south starting from 001. The complete numbering of boundary stakes is 8 digits in total, consisting of three parts: the number of the boundary line, the sequence number of the boundary stake and the type code. The complete numbering format is as follows:
×××x
Numbering of Boundary Lines|| tt||(4 digits)
Boundary Stake Serial Number
(3 digits)
Type Code
(1 digit)
The type codes of two boundary stakes with the same number are represented by AB, and the type codes of three boundary stakes with the same number are represented by C, D, and E respectively. The type codes of other boundaries are omitted.
The complete serial number of the boundary stake at the intersection of the boundary lines of three provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) (hereinafter referred to as the three intersections) also consists of three parts. The first 6 digits are composed of the provincial abbreviation codes of the three provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) at the intersection of the boundary lines, and the provincial abbreviation codes are arranged in ascending order according to the numerical value; the 7th digit is the boundary stake serial number; the 8th digit is the type code, represented by \S". When there is only one intersection of the boundary lines of three provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government), the boundary stake serial number is 0\; when the intersection is not unique, it is numbered in Arabic numerals starting from 1 in the order from west to east or from north to south. 467
4.2.8 Writing of Boundary Stakes
GB/T 17796—1999
On the two or three wide sides of the boundary marker, write the name of the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government). The four autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Tibet and Xinjiang add the common ethnic language of the autonomous region under the Chinese characters. The valid digits and type code of the boundary stake serial number shall be written on the double-sided boundary stake; the boundary stake number shall not be written on the three-sided boundary stake. All boundary stakes shall be written with the words "State Council" and the year when the boundary stake was set up. 4.2.9 Photographing Boundary Stakes
After the boundary stakes are buried, photos of the overall location of the boundary stakes and the surrounding environment shall be taken to describe the environment and terrain characteristics of the boundary stakes and the relationship between the boundary stakes and related landforms. 5 Boundary point surveying
5. 1 Control measurement
5.1.1 Collection and preparation of basic control results The basic control of boundary surveying includes the existing first, second, third and fourth level national plane control network points, second, third and fourth level urban control network points and the corresponding level elevation control results, national GPSA, B, C and D level network points, first, second and third level small triangle network points, first, second and third level traverse points. The existing basic control point results in the survey area should be fully collected and analyzed, and all the existing control network point results that can meet the requirements of this standard should be fully utilized.
5.1.2 Boundary surveying and mapping for the accuracy of control results When the number of basic control results points used for boundary surveying and mapping is insufficient or the accuracy cannot meet the requirements, the boundary control points must be supplemented. The point position error of the boundary control point should not exceed the provisions of Table 3. Table 3 Technical requirements for boundary control points
Boundary point level
Meanwhile, the position error of boundary control points relative to adjacent basic control points, m5.2 Plane measurement of boundary points
5.2.1 General provisions
The plane coordinates of boundary points are usually measured by photoelectric ranging traverse, photoelectric ranging branch traverse, global satellite positioning system (GPS) positioning measurement, side and angle intersection and other methods. 5.2.2 Photoelectric ranging traverse measurement
The traverse should adopt a double-directional traverse. When it is difficult, a single-directional traverse or a non-directional traverse can also be used, but the verification conditions should be increased at this time.
The coordinates of boundary points can be developed to level three by using photoelectric ranging traverse; it can be developed to level four when it is continuously coordinated with basic control points. The main technical indicators and technical requirements of photoelectric ranging traverse measurement should not exceed the provisions of Table 4. Table 4 Technical requirements for photoelectric ranging adjoining traverse measurement Boundary point level
Total length of traverse
Note: n is the number of turning angles of the traverse.
5.2.3 Photoelectric ranging branch traverse measurement
Number of traverse sides
Meanwhile error in angle measurement
Meanwhile error in ranging
Azimuth angle closure error
±25 n
Relative to total length of traverse
Closure error
1/7000
1/7000
1/7000
When the operation is difficult, the location of the boundary point can be determined by the photoelectric ranging branch traverse method. The branch traverse can be calculated from the primary and secondary adjoining traverses. The starting point should observe two connection angles, the side length should be measured back and forth, and the angle should be measured at the left and right angles. The technical requirements for photoelectric ranging branch traverses should not exceed the provisions of Table 5.
Boundary point level
Note: a
GB/T17796—1999
Table 5 Technical requirements for photoelectric distance measurement branch line
Total length of branch line, km
Fixed error in nominal accuracy of distance meter, mm; Proportional error in nominal accuracy of distance meter, mm/km Length of distance measurement side, km.
5.2.4GPS positioning measurement
Number of sides of branch line, pieces
Round-trip side length is poor, m
2(a+bXD)
Generally, the static relative positioning mode is used to determine the position of the boundary point, and its requirements shall comply with the provisions of Table 6; the quasi-dynamic positioning mode and dynamic positioning mode that can meet the requirements of 3.2.1, 3.2.2 and 5.1.2 may also be used, but there shall be reliable independent external verification. When using GPS non-synchronous independent observations with static relative positioning to form a geometrically closed figure or a corresponding line, and when there are reliable independent verification conditions, only one to two periods of observation can be observed, otherwise the results of two station observations should be verified. When the distance between measuring points is less than 30km, the position of the boundary point can be determined by the mode of rapid static relative positioning or the mode of differential dynamic positioning. When using rapid static relative positioning, the number of effective observation satellites shall not be less than 5, and the accuracy of the starting point shall not be less than ±30m. For lines with accuracy requirements of boundary points less than ±1m, the overlap or joint measurement with the national network points shall be conducted, and the number of overlap and joint measurement points shall not be less than 3; for boundary points with accuracy requirements less than ±1m, the coordinates can be converted according to regional conversion parameters. Table 6 Technical requirements for global positioning system (GPS) boundary point measurement Boundary point level
Point position error, m
Receiver type
Observed quantity
Receiver accuracy
Maximum spacing of observation baselines, km
Observation level
Chord length Observation accuracy
Number of receivers
Number of repeated stations
Number of effective satellite observations
Satellite altitude angle, (\)
Sampling interval, s
Time length, min
5.2.5 Intersection method
Dual frequency/single frequency
Carrier phase
10 mm+5 ppm
10 mm+5 ppm
Dual frequency/single frequency
Carrier phase
10mm+5ppm
10 mm+5 ppm
Dual frequency/single frequency
Carrier phase
10mm+5ppm
10 mm+10 ppm
Dual frequency/single frequency
Carrier phase
10mm+5ppm
10 mm+20 ppm
Boundary point measurement can adopt angle intersection or corner intersection method. When using the intersection method, there must be two sets of results calculated by two sets of independent intersection graphics, and the difference between the two sets of results should not exceed the provisions of Table 7. The final result is the median of the two sets of results. The intersection angle of various intersections should not be less than 30° or greater than 150°. When it is very difficult, the individual angles can be appropriately relaxed, but they must not be less than 20° or greater than 160°.
The number of developments of the intersection method, starting from the basic control point, can be developed to level three: when it is continuously developed with the basic control point, it can be developed to level four. 469
Boundary point level
Coordinate difference tolerance, m
5.3 Determination of the elevation of boundary points
GB/T 17796-1999
Table 7 Limits of the difference between two sets of coordinates by the intersection method
The elevation of boundary points can generally be measured directly on the map, or measured simultaneously with the plane coordinates, using elevation traverse, trigonometric elevation or GPS measurement methods.
5.4 Surveying and mapping of boundary stakes and orientation objects
5.4.1 Principles for selecting boundary stakes and orientation objects
a) There should be no less than three orientation objects for each boundary stake; b) The orientation objects must be obvious, fixed and not easily destroyed by photography; c) The orientation objects should be conducive to determining the location of the boundary stake point; d) When a large object is used as an orientation object, the specific location of the measuring point on the orientation object must be clearly defined. 5.4.2 Determination of boundary stakes and orientation objects
The distance from the boundary stake point to the orientation object should generally be measured on the spot, and its accuracy shall comply with the requirements for the error tolerance of the spacing between the boundary point and the adjacent fixed ground objects in Table 1. When the distance between the
level precision boundary stake point and the orientation object is less than 50m, the spacing error tolerance should not exceed the calculation result of the following formula. AD=±(0.05+0.01D)
Where: D——the distance between the boundary stake point and the orientation object, m; AD—the spacing error tolerance between the boundary stake point and the orientation object, m. 5.4.3 Boundary Stake Registration Form
The contents of the boundary stake registration form mainly include: boundary line number, boundary stake number, boundary stake type, boundary stake material, boundary stake location, the relative position relationship between boundary stake and orientation object, boundary stake location sketch, remarks and signatures of the responsible persons of both parties. 5.4.4, Boundary Stake Location Sketch
The boundary stake location sketch should mark the boundary line, boundary stake point, boundary stake orientation object, and the terrain around the boundary line. The boundary stake location sketch is drawn in pencil on the spot according to its relevant position, and is finished with ink indoors. The boundary stake symbol is represented by a circle with a diameter of 1.5 mm, the boundary line symbol is represented by a solid line of 0.3 mm, and the direction line of the orientation object is drawn with a solid line of 0.1 mm. Other important items in the map are generally drawn in accordance with GB12342.GB5791 and GB/T7929; the boundary stake symbol, boundary stake number, boundary line symbol, orientation object number in the map and the name of the administrative division are drawn in red, and other elements are drawn in black. 5.5 Surveying and Description of Special Boundary Points
5.5.1 Boundary Points with Multiple Boundaries of the Same Number
For boundary points where boundary stakes are set on both sides of the boundary line but no boundary stake is set at the boundary point, in addition to determining the positions of all boundary stakes in accordance with regulations, the distance from each boundary stake point to the intersection of the line connecting the two boundary stakes and the boundary line should be surveyed for boundary stakes with two boundaries of the same number: for boundary stakes with three boundaries of the same number, the distance from each boundary stake point to the turning point of the boundary line at the intersection should be surveyed. The error tolerance of distance measurement shall comply with the provisions of the error tolerance of the spacing between the boundary points and the adjacent fixed features in Table 1. When the position of the boundary line cannot be accurately determined on the spot, the corresponding distance shall be measured in accordance with the requirements of 5.5.2. 5.5.2 Boundary points whose coordinates can be measured on the map
Boundary points whose positions can be accurately and reliably determined on the topographic map can have their coordinates and elevations measured on the topographic map. The accuracy of point position measurement shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
5.5.3 Boundary points whose positions are determined by orientation objects are difficult to measure in the field, and there is no accurate map to obtain their coordinates. The distances to three or more permanent fixed features or permanent fixed terrain feature points can be measured and expressed. The accuracy of distance measurement shall comply with the provisions of Table 1. 470
5.5.4 Other special boundary points
GB/T 17796—1999
For boundary points where it is difficult to measure coordinates in the field, where accurate coordinates cannot be obtained from the map, and where there are no permanent fixed landforms or terrain feature points nearby, a more reliable topographic map or other method can be selected to measure the coordinates of the relevant terrain elements, and then the unique position can be determined in the form of text description based on the relationship between the relevant terrain elements and the boundary point. 6 Boundary survey and boundary line marking
6.1 Boundary survey
6.1.1 Principles of boundary survey
When the terrain elements near the boundary line change and affect the determination and representation of the direction of the boundary line, the terrain elements within a certain range on both sides of the boundary line should be surveyed.
6. 1.2 Contents of boundary survey
The survey content is mainly the terrain elements and geographical names related to the determination of the boundary line and the location of the boundary stakes. 6.1.3 Boundary survey method
Areas with little change in terrain elements can be directly mapped on the topographic map using the graphic method or mapped using orthophotos or single photos according to relevant regulations and then transferred to the topographic map; areas with many changes in terrain elements should be surveyed on the spot. 6.1.4 Drawing of boundary survey map
Vegetation elements are drawn in green, landform elements in brown, water system elements in blue, and other elements in black. The specifications of the symbols of various elements are consistent with the topographic map used.
6.1.5 Accuracy and requirements of boundary survey
The accuracy of survey shall comply with the requirements of GB12341 and GB/T13977. 6.2 Boundary line marking
6.2.1 Contents of boundary line marking
The determined boundary lines and boundary stake point locations shall be accurately marked on the topographic map after survey and sorting. 6.2.2 Methods of boundary line marking
Boundary line marking is generally required to be carried out on the basis of boundary survey and mapping. For areas where the terrain elements do not change much, it can also be carried out together with boundary survey and mapping. For boundary sections with obvious dividing lines (such as watersheds, roads, rivers, etc.) and little change in terrain elements, or sections where the boundary lines are connected by boundary points, the boundary lines can also be directly marked on the topographic map indoors by the boundary survey and mapping parties. 6.2.3 Technical requirements for boundary line marking
Boundary lines are represented by 0.3mm red solid lines without interruption. When the center line of the linear feature is used as the boundary and the width of the feature symbol is less than 1.0mm, the boundary symbol jumps on both sides of the linear feature symbol; the boundary stake symbol is represented by a small red circle with a diameter of 1.5mm, and the boundary stake number is annotated in red. 6.2.4 Accuracy of boundary marking
The mean error of the plane position of boundary stakes, boundary turning points and independent features through which the boundary passes relative to the adjacent fixed features should generally not be greater than ±0.4mm on the map.
7 Attachments to the boundary agreement and boundary position description 7.1 Attachments to the boundary agreement
7.1.1 Basic requirements for attachments to the boundary agreement The attachments to the boundary agreement are important boundary surveying and mapping results that reflect the direction and specific location of the boundary in the form of maps and are signed and approved by the heads of the governments of both sides of the boundary.
Attachments to the boundary agreement should be based on the latest national basic scale topographic map jointly determined by both parties as working maps, and should be compiled and drawn based on the measured boundary point coordinates or related data, the boundary line determined or determined by negotiation and the boundary line marking results, and the feature surveying and mapping results.
The contents of the attachments to the boundary agreement should include the boundary line, boundary stakes and related terrain features, names, notes, etc., and each element should be fully expressed.
GB/T 17796 --1999
One copy of the attachment to the boundary agreement shall be drawn, and several copies may be made on this basis. 7.1.2 Enlarged map in the attachment to the boundary agreement When the position and direction of the local section boundary line cannot be fully shown on the working map of the attachment to the boundary agreement, an enlarged map shall be drawn using a larger scale topographic map.
The enlarged map can be drawn in the form of an island map at the appropriate position on both sides of the boundary line or directly in the form of a sub-map. When there are multiple enlarged maps in a main map, the enlarged maps shall be numbered from top to bottom or from left to right. 7.2 Description of the location of boundary points and the direction of boundary lines 7.2.1 Preparation of the description of the location of boundary points
The description of the location of boundary points shall describe the name, location, relationship with the boundary line, etc. of the boundary point. For the boundary points with buried boundary stakes, the boundary stake number, type, material, relationship between the boundary stake and the boundary line, relationship between the boundary stake and the orientation object, relationship between the boundary stake and the surrounding terrain elements, etc. shall also be described. 7.2.2 Preparation of Boundary Line Direction Description
Boundary line direction description is a textual description of the direction of the boundary line and the location of the boundary points, and is the core content of the boundary agreement. The boundary line direction description is used in conjunction with the attached drawings of the boundary agreement. The preparation of the boundary line direction description is based on the principle of clearly describing the actual direction of the boundary line. The description should be concise and clear, using common terms, accurate place names, standardized translations, and consistent with the attached drawings of the boundary agreement and the actual situation. The boundary line direction description should be prepared based on the reference objects attached to the boundary line, which include various boundary signs (such as boundary walls, boundary stakes, rivers, mountains, roads, etc.), topographic points, topographic lines, topographic feature points, etc. The boundary line direction description is divided into several items according to the actual situation of the reference objects attached to the boundary line, and each item can be divided into several natural paragraphs. Each natural paragraph is generally a textual description of the boundary line situation between two adjacent boundary stakes. The distance and length of the boundary line in the boundary line direction description are all in meters (m). The distance measured on the spot is accurate to 0.1m, and the distance measured on the map is accurate to 0.1mm. The content of the boundary line direction description generally includes the starting point of each section of the boundary line, the length of the boundary line, the number and quantity of the boundary stakes crossed by the boundary line, the terrain on which the boundary line is attached, the direction of the boundary line turning, the length of the boundary line between two boundary stakes, the terrain feature points passed by the boundary line, etc. 7.2.3 Description of the direction of the boundary line
The directions involved in the boundary line direction description are described using the 16-point system (based on the magnetic north direction). The meanings of the 16 directions are as follows: a) North
b) North by northeast
c) Northeast
d) East by northeast
e) East
f>.East by southeast
g) Southeast
h) South by southeast
i) South
j) South by southwest
k) Southwest
1) West by southwest
m) West
n) West by northwest
o) Northwest
p) North by northwest
348° 45'~11°15
11°15'-~3345
3345~5615
5615\--78°45
78°45'~101°15′
101°15123°45
123°45'-146°15′|| tt||14615~168°45
168°45'~191°15
191°15~213°45
213°45′ 236°15\
236°15′-258°45\
258°45'~281°15\
281°15'~303°45\
303°45-32615
326°15′-~348°45\
For the sixteen azimuth maps, please refer to Appendix A (Standard Appendix). 472
GB/T 17796—1999
8 Compilation and Printing of the Detailed Atlas of Provincial-level Administrative Boundaries of the People's Republic of China 8.1 General Provisions
8.1.1 Basic Form
The Detailed Atlas of Provincial-level Administrative Boundaries of the People's Republic of China is a strip atlas compiled based on the boundary agreements between the two sides of the borders of adjacent provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) approved by the State Council, their attached drawings and boundary stakes achievement tables. 8.1.2 Format
The Detailed Atlas of Boundaries of Provincial-level Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China adopts a unified format, and the size of the map is 519cm to 750cm. 8.1.3 Basic Content
The Detailed Atlas of Boundaries of Provincial-level Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China includes legends, map sheet combination tables, detailed maps, compilation instructions, boundary stake coordinate tables, etc.
8.1.4 Layout Structure
The layout of the Detailed Atlas of Boundaries of Provincial-level Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China includes the cover, compilation instructions, legends, schematic diagrams, detailed maps, coordinate tables, copyright pages, back covers, etc.
8.2 Specifications and Standards
8.2.1 Frame Division Form
Free framing according to longitude and latitude lines. The inner map outline is drawn according to the whole "minutes". In general, the longitude and latitude differences of the map sheets on the same boundary line should be consistent, and a kilometer grid should be drawn.
8.2.2 Binding form
In principle, the atlas is bound with each boundary line as a unit. When the boundary line is short, several boundary lines can be combined and bound into a book; when the boundary line is long, it can also be divided into two volumes, upper and lower. 8.2.3 Map range
When the scale of the boundary line map is 1:10000 and 1:50000, the width of both sides of the boundary line is drawn to 10cm on the map; when the scale is 1:100000, the width of both sides of the boundary line is drawn to 5cm on the map. 8.3 Classification and representation of main elements in detailed drawings 8.3.1 Classification of elements
The main elements in detailed drawings can be divided into two categories: base map elements and thematic elements. 8.3.2 Base map elements
Base map elements should focus on the content related to thematic elements, and other content can be briefly represented. 8.3.3 Thematic elements
Thematic elements include boundary lines and boundary stakes. Thematic elements must be accurately drawn according to the attached map of the boundary agreement. 8.3.4 Enlarged maps
When there are multiple enlarged maps in a main map, the enlarged maps should be numbered from top to bottom or from left to right. 8.3.5 Representation of special boundaries
Special boundaries include natural resource ownership boundaries, special area boundaries, protected area boundaries, etc. They should be represented by special symbols and the ownership should be indicated on the basis of the agreement reached by both parties and when both parties consider it necessary to represent them. 9 Update surveying and mapping of the boundary line
9.1 General provisions
9.1.1 Conditions for update surveying and mapping
Due to the influence of various factors such as river diversion, economic construction, administrative division changes, etc., the boundary line has changed, or in order to improve the accuracy of the original boundary surveying and mapping results, the boundary line shall be updated and surveyed with the consent of the governments of both sides of the boundary. 9.1.2 Update survey scope
GB/T 17796-1999
Boundary line update survey can generally be conducted on a local section of the boundary or the entire boundary, and its scope should be agreed upon by both parties according to the boundary change situation.
9.1.3 Update survey content
Boundary line update survey includes re-identification and survey of the buried boundary stakes, field survey, change of boundary and (or) boundary stake numbering, and internal processing.
9.2 Selection of update survey data and collation of results 9.2.1 Selection of update survey data
Boundary line update survey should use the latest topographic maps and other relevant data. 9.2.2 Collation of update survey results
After the update survey, the relevant figures, tables and text descriptions should be revised to meet the requirements of this standard, and the continuity of the original boundary survey results and the new results should be maintained. 9.3 Changes in the numbering of boundary lines and boundary stakes
9.3.1 Changes in the numbering and naming of boundary lines If the abbreviation or provincial abbreviation code of any of the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) adjacent to the boundary line changes, the naming or numbering of the boundary line should be changed in accordance with 4.2.5, 4.2.6, and 4.2.7. 9.3.2 Changes in the numbering of boundary stakes
a) If the numbering of boundary lines changes, the numbering of boundary stakes should be changed accordingly. b) If a new stake is added between the existing boundary stakes, the section of the boundary line between the two adjacent boundary stakes at the place where the new stake is added is numbered as a numbering unit. The complete numbering of the new stake consists of four parts. The first part is the numbering unit code; the second part is a short dash "_"; the third part is a digital sequence number, starting from 01; the fourth part is the type code, and the requirements of 4.2.7 shall be followed. The complete numbering format is as follows: XXXXXXX
Numbering unit code
(7 digits)
(1 digit)
Digital sequence
(2 digits)
Type code
(1 digit)
Numbering unit code is 7 digits in total, which is the complete number of the boundary stake with the smaller sequence number of the two boundary stakes before the change without the type code; if a new stake is added after the boundary stake point at the intersection of three provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) according to the direction of the boundary line, the numbering unit code of the new stake is composed of the number of the boundary line plus 000\.
) If stakes are inserted again before and after the newly inserted stake, the numbering unit code of the boundary stake remains unchanged, and the digital sequence continues to be the largest number assigned by the last stake.
d) If the position of boundary stakes changes, the boundary stakes should be reburied, which is equivalent to adding new stakes between the existing boundary stakes, and they should be measured, registered, numbered, etc. according to the requirements of this standard. The original boundary stakes and boundary stake numbers shall be discarded and recorded for record. 9.3.3 Writing of new boundary stakes
The writing of new boundary stakes shall basically comply with the requirements of 4.2.8. For new stakes added after the three intersections, a short line "\" and a numerical serial number shall be written. 9.4 Boundary line update survey and mapping results
9.4.1 Materials to be submitted for updated survey and mapping
Boundary line update survey and mapping results include: boundary stake registration form, boundary stake results form, boundary agreement attached map, boundary point location and boundary line direction description, etc.
9.4.2 Approval of updated surveying and mapping results
Updated boundary surveying and mapping results data shall be legally effective upon approval by the State Council, and the legal effect of the corresponding original boundary surveying and mapping results data shall be eliminated.
Inspection and acceptance of results data
Boundary surveying and mapping results data must be subject to quality supervision and inspection by the surveying and mapping authorities. Inspection and acceptance shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations of the surveying and mapping authorities and shall be signed by the persons in charge designated by both parties to the boundary. 474
28°15-
258°45
West by northwest
213°45
GB/T 17796—1999
Appendix A
(Standard Appendix)
Sixteen azimuths
348°45
;North by northwest
.s1.tst
North by northeast
Southeast of Lake
East by southeast
Southeast Guang
-78°45
101\151
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