NY/T 5075-2002 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free cucumbers
Some standard content:
ICS 65. 020.20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5075—2002
Pollution-free food
2002-07-25 Issued
Cucumber Production Technical Regulations
2002-09-01 Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China Issued
NY/T5075—2002
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Former
The drafting units of this standard are: National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Liaoning Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Crop Management Bureau of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Hebei Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station, and Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main drafters of this standard are Li Jianwei, Zhao Yiping, Zhao Shanpu, Zhang Zhibin, Tian Mingjun, Cao Zhifu, Zhang Dechun, Zhao Jianyang, Wang Zhenzhuang, Zhang Zhenhe and Li Li.
1 Scope
Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free cucumbers
This standard specifies the production environment requirements and production management measures for pollution-free cucumbers. This standard applies to the production of pollution-free cucumbers. 2 Normative references
NY/T 5075—2002
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. GB4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard
GB/T8321 (all parts) Guidelines for Rational Use of Pesticides NY5010 Environmental Conditions of Origin of Pollution-free Food Vegetables 3 Origin Environment
Should comply with the provisions of NY5010, select plots with high and dry terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep, loose and fertile soil 4 Production Technology Management
4.1 Protection Facilities
Including solar greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, multi-span greenhouses, improved sunbeds, hotbeds, etc. 4.2 Multi-layer Insulation
Insulation measures with more than two layers of covering added inside and outside the greenhouse. 4.3 Division of Cultivation Season
4.3.1 Early Spring Cultivation
Deep Winter Planting and Early Spring Market.
4.3.2 Autumn and Winter Cultivation
Autumn Planting and Early Winter Market.
4.3.3 Winter and spring cultivation
Plant in late autumn and put on the market before the Spring Festival. bzxz.net
4.3.4 Early spring cultivation
Plant about 30 days before the last frost and put on the market in early summer. 4.3.5 Delayed autumn cultivation
Plant in late summer and early autumn and put on the market in late September and early October. 4.3.6 Long-season cropping cultivation
Harvest period is more than 8 months.
4.3.7 Spring and summer cropping cultivation
Plant after the end of the late frost and put on the market in summer.
4.3.8 Summer and autumn cultivation
Grow seedlings and plant in summer and put on the market in autumn.
4.4 Variety selection
NY/T 5075—2002
Select varieties that are disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yielding, commercially available, and suitable for market demand. For winter-spring, early spring, and early spring cultivation, choose varieties that are resistant to low temperatures and weak light and are resistant to multiple diseases; for spring-summer, summer-autumn, autumn-winter, and delayed cultivation, choose varieties that are highly resistant to viral diseases and heat-resistant; for long-season cultivation, choose varieties that are highly resistant, resistant to multiple diseases, have good stress resistance, and have strong continuous fruiting ability. 4.5 Seedling cultivation
4.5.1 Selection of seedling cultivation facilities
Select seedling cultivation facilities such as greenhouses, plastic sheds, sunbeds, and hotbeds according to different seasons. Seedling cultivation in summer and autumn should be equipped with insect prevention and sunshade facilities. If conditions permit, hole tray seedling cultivation and factory seedling cultivation can be used, and the seedling cultivation facilities should be disinfected to create environmental conditions suitable for the growth and development of seedlings. 4.5.2 Nutrition soil preparation
4.5.2.1 Requirements for nutrition soil: pH 5.5~7.5, organic matter 2.5%~~3%, available phosphorus 20mg/kg~40mg/kg, available potassium 100mg/kg~140mg/kg, alkaline nitrogen 120mg/kg~150mg/kg. The porosity is about 60%, the soil is loose, and the fertilizer and water retention performance is good. The prepared nutrition soil is evenly placed on the seeding bed, with a thickness of 10cm. 4.5.2.2 Formula of nutrition soil for factory-scale plug trays or nutrition pots for seedling cultivation: 2 parts of peat plus 1 part of vermiculite, and an appropriate amount of decomposed farmyard manure. 4.5.2.3 Formula of nutrition soil for ordinary seedbeds or nutrition pots for seedling cultivation: one-third of the field soil without pests and diseases, one-third of the ash slag (or decomposed horse manure, or peat soil, or plant ash), and one-third of the decomposed farmyard manure. It is not advisable to use unfermented farmyard manure. 4.5.3 Disinfection of seedbed soil
Prepare enough seedbeds according to the planting plan. Use 30mL~50mL of formalin per square meter of seedbed, add 3L of water, spray the bed soil, cover with plastic film for 3 days, then remove the film, and sow after the gas is dissipated. Or 400 times of 72.2% cymoxanil aqueous solution; or use 15mg~30mg of medicated soil per square meter of seedbed to disinfect the bed surface. Method: Use 8g~10g of 50% carbendazim and 50% thiram mixed agent (mixed in 1:1), mix with 15kg~30kg of fine soil and spread evenly on the bed surface. 4.5.4 Seed treatment
4.5.4.1 Soak seeds with drugs. Sow with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times solution for 1 hour, or soak seeds with 300 times formalin solution for 1.5 hours, remove and wash to germinate to prevent wilt and black spot. 4.5.4.2 Soak seeds in warm water. Soak seeds in 55°C warm water for 20 minutes, rinse with clean water to remove mucus, dry and then germinate (to prevent black spot, anthrax, virus disease, and sclerotinia).
4.5.5 Germination
Soak the disinfected seeds for 4h~6h, then remove and wash them, and place them at 28°C for germination. Coated seeds can be sown directly. 4.5.6 Sowing period
Choose the appropriate sowing period according to the cultivation season, seedling raising methods and seedling strengthening indicators. 4.5.7 Seed quality
Seed purity ≥95%, cleanliness ≥98%, germination rate ≥95%, moisture ≤8%. 4.5.8 Seeding amount
According to the planting density, the amount of seeds for seedling raising is 100g~150g per 667m2 of planting area, and the amount of seeds for direct sowing is 200g~300g. Sow 25g~30g per square meter of sowing bed.
4.5.9 Sowing method
Before sowing, water the bottom of the bed and moisten it to a depth of 10cm. After the water seeps down, use nutrient soil to level the bed surface. Sow the seeds evenly with 70% of the seeds broken, and cover them with 1.0cm to 1.5cm of nutrient soil. Use 8g of 50% carbendazim per 1m of seedbed, mix it with fine soil and spread it evenly on the bed surface to prevent and control damping-off disease. Cover the bed surface with mulch in winter and spring sowing and seedling raising, and cover the bed surface with shade nets or straw in summer and autumn. Remove the bed surface covering when 70% of the seedlings are above the soil. 4.5.10 Seedling management
4.5.10.1 Temperature: Summer and autumn seedling raising mainly relies on shading to cool down. See Table 1 for temperature management of winter and spring seedling raising. 4.5.10.2 Lighting: Reflective curtains or supplementary lighting facilities are used to increase light in winter and spring seedling raising; appropriate shading and cooling are required in summer and autumn seedling raising. 4.5.10.3 Water and fertilizer: Water the seedlings sufficiently when transplanting them, and water appropriately in the future depending on the seedling raising season and picking conditions. Control water and fertilizer during the seedling stage. When the seedlings have 3 to 4 leaves, apply 0.3% urea according to the seedling conditions. 112
From sowing to emergence
From emergence to transplanting
After transplanting or grafting to seedling hardening
After seedling hardening to seedling hardening
5 d~7 d before transplanting
4.5.10.4 Other management
Table 1 Temperature adjustment table for seedling stage
Suitable daytime temperature/℃
25～30
20～25
25～28
20~~23
Suitable nighttime temperature/ C
4.5.10.4.1 When seeds are pushing against the soil, sprinkle a layer of sieved bed soil to accelerate the shedding of seed shells. NY/T 5075—2002
Minimum night temperature/C
4.5.10.4.2 Seedling separation: When the cotyledons of the seedlings are flattened and the true leaves are visible, the seedlings are separated by 10cm spacing. It is best to use 10cm diameter nutrient pots for seedling separation. 4.5.10.4.3 Expanding the nutrient area: Increase the seedling spacing when the seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves. 4.5.10.4.4 Hardening of seedlings: In winter and spring seedling cultivation, one week before planting, the daytime temperature is 20℃～23℃ and the night temperature is 10℃12℃. In summer and autumn seedling cultivation, the sunshade net is gradually removed and the water content is appropriately controlled.
4.5.10.5 Grafting
4.5.10.5.1 Grafting method: Approaching method, cucumbers are sown 2d～3d earlier than pumpkins, and grafting is done when the true leaves of cucumbers are visible. In plug grafting, pumpkins are sown 3d～4d earlier than cucumbers. Graft when pumpkin cotyledons are flattened and the first true leaf is visible, and cucumber cotyledons are in one center. 4.5.10.5.2 Management of grafted seedlings: Plant the grafted seedlings in a 10cm diameter nutrient pot, cover with a small arch shed to avoid light for 2d~3d, and increase the temperature and humidity to facilitate wound healing. After 7d~10d, remove the small arch shed after the scion grows new leaves, and cut off the roots of the scion when grafting. For other management, see 4.5.10.1~4.5.10.4.
4.5.10.6 Standards for strong seedlings
Cotyledons are intact, stem base is thick, leaf color is dark green, and there is no disease or insect pests. Winter and spring seedlings, plant height is about 15cm, 5~6 leaves. Summer and autumn seedlings, 2~3 leaves, plant height is about 15cm, and seedling age is about 20 days. Long-season cultivation Select suitable seedlings according to the cultivation season. 4.6 Preparation before planting
4.6.1 Land preparation and basal fertilizer
Determine the total amount of fertilizer according to soil fertility and target yield. All phosphate fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers, two-thirds of potassium fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers, and one-third of nitrogen fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers. The basal fertilizer is mainly high-quality farmyard manure, two-thirds of which are spread and one-third are applied in furrows, according to local planting habits. 4.6.2 Greenhouse disinfection
The greenhouse must be disinfected before planting. For every 667m2 of facilities, 250g of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate is mixed with sawdust and 2000g~3000g of sulfur powder, and ignited in 10 places, sealed day and night, and planted when there is no smell after ventilation. 4.7 Planting
4.7.1 Planting time
10cm minimum soil temperature is stable and passes 12C before planting. 4.7.2 Planting method and density
Use large and small rows for cultivation and cover with ground film. According to the characteristics of the varieties, climatic conditions and cultivation habits, generally 3,000 to 4,000 plants are planted per 667m2, and 1,800 to 2,000 plants are planted per 667m2 in long-season large greenhouses and greenhouses. 4.8 Field Management
4.8.1 Temperature
4.8.1.1 Seedling Acceleration Period: 28℃～30℃ during the day, not less than 18℃ at night. 4.8.1.2 After the seedlings are accelerated, four-stage variable temperature management is adopted: 8:00～14:00, 25℃～30℃; 14:00～17:00, 25℃～20℃; 17:00～24:00, 15C～20C; 24:00～sunrise, 15C～10C. The ground temperature is maintained at 15C～25C. 4.8.2 Lighting
Use weather-resistant functional film with good light transmittance, keep the film surface clean, uncover the heat preservation cover during the day, hang a reflective curtain at the back of the solar greenhouse, and try to increase the light intensity and time. Proper shading and cooling in summer and autumn. 113
NY/T 5075—2002
4.8.3 Air humidity
According to the humidity requirements of cucumbers at different growth stages and the need to control diseases, the best air relative humidity control index is 80% to 90% in the seedling stage and 70% to 85% in the flowering and fruiting stage. In production, it is necessary to control it within the best index range through ground covering, drip irrigation or dark irrigation, ventilation and dehumidification, temperature control and other measures.
4.8.4 Carbon dioxide
Supplement carbon dioxide in winter and spring to make the concentration in the facility reach 800mg/kg to 1000mg/kg. 4.8.5 Fertilizer and water management
4.8.5.1 Use drip irrigation or dark irrigation under the film. Water in time after planting, water for seedling growth after 3d to 5d, and finish the seedling after the root melon is established. Water and apply topdressing. Do not apply open water in winter and spring. Keep the relative humidity of the soil at 60%~～70%, and keep it at 75%～85% in summer and autumn. 4.8.5.2 Fertilize according to the appearance of the cucumber and the length of the growth period, and apply nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in time. At the same time, trace element fertilizers should be sprayed in a targeted manner, and foliar fertilizers can be sprayed as needed to prevent premature aging. 4.8.5.3 Fertilizers that are not allowed to be used: Urban garbage, sludge and organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated and have excessive heavy metal content should not be used in production.
4.8.6 Plant adjustment
4.8.6.1 Hanging vines or tying vines with racks: Use nylon ropes to hang vines or use thin bamboo poles to tie vines with racks. 4.8.6.2 Pinching and bottom leafing: When the main vine bears fruits, pinch the lateral branches with one fruit and one leaf. Pinching when there are 25 to 30 leaves. For long-season cultivation, no pinching is required and the vines are dropped. Diseased leaves, old leaves, and deformed fruits should be removed in time. 4.8.7 Timely harvesting
Pick the root fruits early in time to prevent the vines from falling. Harvest in batches in time to reduce the burden on the plants, ensure the quality of commercial fruits, and promote the expansion of fruits in the later stage. The product quality should meet the requirements of pollution-free food. 4.8.8 Cleaning the fields
Clean up the dead branches, leaves and weeds, and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner to keep the fields clean. 4.8.9 Pest and disease control
4.8.9.1 Main pests and diseases
4.8.9.1.1 Main pests and diseases in the seedling stage: damping-off, damping-off, and aphids. 4.8.9.1.2 Main pests and diseases in the field: downy mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, anthracnose, black spot, powdery mildew, blight, wilt, wilt, gray mold, sclerotinia, virus disease, aphids, whiteflies, whiteflies, root-knot nematodes, tea yellow mites, and leaf miners. 4.8.9.2 Prevention and control of original tests
In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", adhere to the harmless management principle of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, and biological prevention as the main, and chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
4.8.9.3 Agricultural prevention and control
4.8.9.3.1 Disease-resistant varieties: Select varieties with high resistance and multiple resistance for the main pest and disease control targets in the local area. 4.8.9.3.2 Create suitable growth environment conditions: Cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age and improve stress resistance; control temperature and air humidity, appropriate fertilizer and water, sufficient light and carbon dioxide, adjust the suitable temperature at different growth stages through ventilation and auxiliary heating, and avoid low and high temperature obstacles; dig deep and high trenches, strictly prevent water accumulation, clean the fields, and do a good job in plant growth and development to avoid infectious diseases. 4.8.9.3.3 Farming reform: Rotate with non-melon crops for more than three years. Water-dry rotation is implemented in areas with conditions. 4.8.9.3.4 Scientific fertilization: Test soil for balanced fertilization, increase the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and use less chemical fertilizer to prevent soil salinization. 4.8.9.4 Physical control
4.8.9.4.1 Facility protection: Use insect-proof nets to seal the vents, cover with plastic film, insect-proof nets and sunshade nets in summer, and carry out rain shelter, sunshade and insect-proof cultivation to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. 4.8.9.4.2 Yellow board trapping: Hang yellow boards in the facility to trap and kill aphids and other pests. The yellow board size is 25cm×40cm, and 30 to 40 pieces are hung per 667m2.
3 Silver-gray film to repel aphids: Spread silver-gray ground film or hang silver-gray film strips to repel aphids. 4.8.9.4.3
4.8.9.4.4 High temperature disinfection: In the summer, the greenhouse should use solar energy to disinfect the soil at high temperature. NY/T 5075--2002
Prevention and control of cucumber downy mildew by high temperature suffocation: Choose a sunny morning, water once and then close the greenhouse, raise the greenhouse temperature to 46C~48C, keep it for 2 hours, then slowly increase the vent from the top to slowly lower the room temperature. If necessary, suffocate the greenhouse once every 15 days. After suffocating the greenhouse, strengthen fertilizer and water management.
Soak seeds in warm water.
4.8.9.4.5 Insecticide lamps to lure and kill pests: Use frequency vibration insecticide lamps, black light lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, and double wave lamps to lure and kill pests. 4.8.9.5 Biological control
4.8.9.5.1 Natural enemies: Actively protect and use natural enemies to prevent and control diseases and pests. 4.8.9.5.2 Biological pesticides: Use biological pesticides such as Liuyangmycin, Agricultural Antibiotic 120, Printing, Agricultural Chain, and New Plant Mycin to control pests and diseases.
Chemical control of major pests and diseases
The use of pesticides for control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Dust method and fumigation method should be used preferentially in protected areas. Pay attention to the rotation of pesticides and reasonable mixing. Strictly control the safe interval of pesticides. 4.8.9.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides that are not allowed to be used: Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methyl parathion, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, phosphamidon, pyralidone, pyralidone, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, aldicarb, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, fenamiphos, etc. are not allowed to be used in production. 1152. Disinfection of greenhouses
The greenhouses should be disinfected before planting. For every 667m2 of facilities, 250g of 80% dichlorvos emulsion is mixed with sawdust and 2000g~3000g of sulfur powder, and ignited in 10 places. It is sealed day and night, and the plants are planted when there is no smell after ventilation. 4.7 Planting
4.7.1 Planting time
The lowest soil temperature of 10cm is stable and passes 12C before planting. 4.7.2 Planting method and density
Adopt large and small rows for cultivation, and cover with ground film. According to the characteristics of the varieties, climatic conditions and cultivation habits, generally 3000~4000 plants are planted per 667m2, and 1800~2000 plants are planted per 667m2 in long-season large greenhouses and sheds. 4.8 Field Management
4.8.1 Temperature
4.8.1.1 Seedling Acclimation Period: 28℃～30℃ during the day, not less than 18℃ at night. 4.8.1.2 After the seedlings are in the acclimation period, adopt four-stage variable temperature management: 8:00～14:00, 25℃～30℃; 14:00～17:00, 25℃～20℃; 17:00～24:00, 15C～20C; 24:00～sunrise, 15C～10C. Keep the ground temperature at 15C～25C. 4.8.2 Light
Use weather-resistant functional film with good light transmittance, keep the film surface clean, uncover the heat preservation cover during the day, hang a reflective curtain at the back of the solar greenhouse, and try to increase the light intensity and time. Proper shading and cooling in summer and autumn. 113
NY/T 5075—2002
4.8.3 Air humidity
According to the requirements of humidity for cucumber at different growth stages and the need to control diseases, the best relative air humidity control index is 80% to 90% in the seedling stage and 70% to 85% in the flowering and fruiting stage. In production, it is necessary to control it within the best index range through measures such as ground covering, drip irrigation or dark irrigation, ventilation and dehumidification, and temperature control.
4.8.4 Carbon dioxide
Supplement carbon dioxide in winter and spring to make the concentration in the facility reach 800mg/kg to 1000mg/kg. 4.8.5 Fertilizer and water management
4.8.5.1 Use drip irrigation or dark irrigation under the film. Water in time after planting, water after 3-5 days to slow down the seedlings, and stop the seedlings after the root melons are established. Water and fertilize. No watering in winter and spring. The relative humidity of the soil should be kept at 60%-70%, and 75%-85% in summer and autumn. 4.8.5.2 According to the appearance of the cucumber and the length of the growth period, fertilize according to the requirements of balanced fertilization, and apply nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in time. At the same time, micronutrient fertilizers should be sprayed in a targeted manner, and foliar fertilizers can be sprayed as needed to prevent premature aging. 4.8.5.3 Fertilizers that are not allowed to be used: Urban garbage, sludge and organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated and have excessive heavy metal content should not be used in production.
4.8.6 Plant adjustment
4.8.6.1 Hanging vines or tying vines with racks: Use nylon ropes to hang vines or thin bamboo poles to tie vines with racks. 4.8.6.2 Pinching and bottom leaves: When the main vine bears fruits, pinch off the side branches with one fruit and one leaf. Pinching is done when there are 25 to 30 leaves. For long-season cultivation, no pinching is done and the vines are dropped. Diseased leaves, old leaves and deformed fruits should be removed in time. 4.8.7 Timely harvesting
Pick the root fruits early in time to prevent them from falling. Harvest in batches in time to reduce the burden on the plants to ensure the quality of commercial fruits and promote the expansion of fruits in the later stage. The product quality should meet the requirements of pollution-free food. 4.8.8 Cleaning the fields
Clean up the dead branches, leaves and weeds, and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner to keep the fields clean. 4.8.9 Pest and disease control
4.8.9.1 Main pests and diseases
4.8.9.1.1 Main pests and diseases in the seedling stage: damping-off disease, damping-off disease, and aphids. 4.8.9.1.2 Main field pests and diseases: downy mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, anthracnose, black spot, powdery mildew, blight, wilt, wilt, gray mold, sclerotinia, virus disease, aphids, whiteflies, whiteflies, root-knot nematodes, tea yellow mites, leaf miners. 4.8.9.2 Prevention and control
In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", adhere to the principle of harmless management of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
4.8.9.3 Agricultural prevention and control
4.8.9.3.1 Disease-resistant varieties: Select varieties with high resistance and multiple resistance for the main local pest and disease control targets. 4.8.9.3.2 Create suitable growth environment conditions: cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age and improve stress resistance; control temperature and air humidity, appropriate fertilizer and water, sufficient light and carbon dioxide, adjust the suitable temperature at different growth stages through ventilation and auxiliary heating, and avoid low temperature and high temperature obstacles; dig deep and high trenches, strictly prevent water accumulation, clean the fields, and do it to facilitate plant growth and development and avoid infectious diseases. 4.8.9.3.3 Farming system reform: rotate with non-melon crops for more than three years. Implement water-land rotation in areas with conditions. 4.8.9.3.4 Scientific fertilization: balance fertilization by soil testing, increase the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and use less chemical fertilizer to prevent soil salinization. 4.8.9.4 Physical prevention
4.8.9.4.1 Facility protection Use insect-proof nets to close the vents, cover plastic film, insect-proof nets and sunshade nets in summer, and carry out rain shelter, sunshade and insect-proof cultivation to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. 4.8.9.4.2 Yellow board trapping: Hang yellow boards in the facility to trap aphids and other pests. The yellow board size is 25cm×40cm, and 30 to 40 pieces are hung per 667m2.
3 Silver-gray film to repel aphids: Spread silver-gray ground film or hang silver-gray film strips to repel aphids. 4.8.9.4.3
4.8.9.4.4 High-temperature disinfection: In summer, the greenhouse should use solar energy to disinfect the soil at high temperature NY/T 5075--2002
Prevent cucumber downy mildew with high-temperature shed: Choose a sunny morning, water once, close the greenhouse, raise the greenhouse temperature to 46C~48C, and continue for 2 hours, then slowly increase the vent from the top to slowly lower the room temperature. Seal the greenhouse once every 15 days if necessary. Strengthen fertilizer and water management after sealing the greenhouse.
Soak seeds in warm water.
4.8.9.4.5 Insecticide lamps to kill pests: Use frequency-vibration insecticide lamps, black light lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, and double-wave lamps to kill pests. 4.8.9.5 Biological control
4.8.9.5.1 Natural enemies: Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to control pests and diseases. 4.8.9.5.2 Biological pesticides: Use biological pesticides such as Liuyangmycin, Agricultural Antibiotic 120, Printing, Agricultural Chain, and New Plant Mycin to control pests and diseases.
Chemical control of major pests and diseases
The use of pesticides for control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Dust method and fumigation method are preferred in protected areas. Pay attention to the rotation of pesticides and reasonable mixing. Strictly control the safe interval of pesticides. 4.8.9.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides not allowed to be used: Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, chlorpyrifos, demeton, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos are not allowed to be used in production. 1152. Disinfection of greenhouses
The greenhouses should be disinfected before planting. For every 667m2 of facilities, 250g of 80% dichlorvos emulsion is mixed with sawdust and 2000g~3000g of sulfur powder, and ignited in 10 places. It is sealed day and night, and the plants are planted when there is no smell after ventilation. 4.7 Planting
4.7.1 Planting time
The lowest soil temperature of 10cm is stable and passes 12C before planting. 4.7.2 Planting method and density
Adopt large and small rows for cultivation, and cover with ground film. According to the characteristics of the varieties, climatic conditions and cultivation habits, generally 3000~4000 plants are planted per 667m2, and 1800~2000 plants are planted per 667m2 in long-season large greenhouses and sheds. 4.8 Field Management
4.8.1 Temperature
4.8.1.1 Seedling Acclimation Period: 28℃～30℃ during the day, not less than 18℃ at night. 4.8.1.2 After the seedlings are in the acclimation period, adopt four-stage variable temperature management: 8:00～14:00, 25℃～30℃; 14:00～17:00, 25℃～20℃; 17:00～24:00, 15C～20C; 24:00～sunrise, 15C～10C. Keep the ground temperature at 15C～25C. 4.8.2 Light
Use weather-resistant functional film with good light transmittance, keep the film surface clean, uncover the heat preservation cover during the day, hang a reflective curtain at the back of the solar greenhouse, and try to increase the light intensity and time. Proper shading and cooling in summer and autumn. 113
NY/T 5075—2002
4.8.3 Air humidity
According to the requirements of humidity for cucumber at different growth stages and the need to control diseases, the best relative air humidity control index is 80% to 90% in the seedling stage and 70% to 85% in the flowering and fruiting stage. In production, it is necessary to control it within the best index range through measures such as ground covering, drip irrigation or dark irrigation, ventilation and dehumidification, and temperature control.
4.8.4 Carbon dioxide
Supplement carbon dioxide in winter and spring to make the concentration in the facility reach 800mg/kg to 1000mg/kg. 4.8.5 Fertilizer and water management
4.8.5.1 Use drip irrigation or dark irrigation under the film. Water in time after planting, water after 3-5 days to slow down the seedlings, and stop the seedlings after the root melons are established. Water and fertilize. No watering in winter and spring. The relative humidity of the soil should be kept at 60%-70%, and 75%-85% in summer and autumn. 4.8.5.2 According to the appearance of the cucumber and the length of the growth period, fertilize according to the requirements of balanced fertilization, and apply nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in time. At the same time, micronutrient fertilizers should be sprayed in a targeted manner, and foliar fertilizers can be sprayed as needed to prevent premature aging. 4.8.5.3 Fertilizers that are not allowed to be used: Urban garbage, sludge and organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated and have excessive heavy metal content should not be used in production.
4.8.6 Plant adjustment
4.8.6.1 Hanging vines or tying vines with racks: Use nylon ropes to hang vines or thin bamboo poles to tie vines with racks. 4.8.6.2 Pinching and bottom leaves: When the main vine bears fruits, pinch off the side branches with one fruit and one leaf. Pinching is done when there are 25 to 30 leaves. For long-season cultivation, no pinching is done and the vines are dropped. Diseased leaves, old leaves and deformed fruits should be removed in time. 4.8.7 Timely harvesting
Pick the root fruits early in time to prevent them from falling. Harvest in batches in time to reduce the burden on the plants to ensure the quality of commercial fruits and promote the expansion of fruits in the later stage. The product quality should meet the requirements of pollution-free food. 4.8.8 Cleaning the fields
Clean up the dead branches, leaves and weeds, and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner to keep the fields clean. 4.8.9 Pest and disease control
4.8.9.1 Main pests and diseases
4.8.9.1.1 Main pests and diseases in the seedling stage: damping-off disease, damping-off disease, and aphids. 4.8.9.1.2 Main field pests and diseases: downy mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, anthracnose, black spot, powdery mildew, blight, wilt, wilt, gray mold, sclerotinia, virus disease, aphids, whiteflies, whiteflies, root-knot nematodes, tea yellow mites, leaf miners. 4.8.9.2 Prevention and control
In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", adhere to the principle of harmless management of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
4.8.9.3 Agricultural prevention and control
4.8.9.3.1 Disease-resistant varieties: Select varieties with high resistance and multiple resistance for the main local pest and disease control targets. 4.8.9.3.2 Create suitable growth environment conditions: cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age and improve stress resistance; control temperature and air humidity, appropriate fertilizer and water, sufficient light and carbon dioxide, adjust the suitable temperature at different growth stages through ventilation and auxiliary heating, and avoid low temperature and high temperature obstacles; dig deep and high trenches, strictly prevent water accumulation, clean the fields, and do it to facilitate plant growth and development and avoid infectious diseases. 4.8.9.3.3 Farming system reform: rotate with non-melon crops for more than three years. Implement water-land rotation in areas with conditions. 4.8.9.3.4 Scientific fertilization: balance fertilization by soil testing, increase the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and use less chemical fertilizer to prevent soil salinization. 4.8.9.4 Physical prevention
4.8.9.4.1 Facility protection Use insect-proof nets to close the vents, cover plastic film, insect-proof nets and sunshade nets in summer, and carry out rain shelter, sunshade and insect-proof cultivation to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. 4.8.9.4.2 Yellow board trapping: Hang yellow boards in the facility to trap aphids and other pests. The yellow board size is 25cm×40cm, and 30 to 40 pieces are hung per 667m2.
3 Silver-gray film to repel aphids: Spread silver-gray ground film or hang silver-gray film strips to repel aphids. 4.8.9.4.3
4.8.9.4.4 High-temperature disinfection: In summer, the greenhouse should use solar energy to disinfect the soil at high temperature NY/T 5075--2002
Prevent cucumber downy mildew with high-temperature shed: Choose a sunny morning, water once, close the greenhouse, raise the greenhouse temperature to 46C~48C, and continue for 2 hours, then slowly increase the vent from the top to slowly lower the room temperature. Seal the greenhouse once every 15 days if necessary. Strengthen fertilizer and water management after sealing the greenhouse.
Soak seeds in warm water.
4.8.9.4.5 Insecticide lamps to kill pests: Use frequency-vibration insecticide lamps, black light lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, and double-wave lamps to kill pests. 4.8.9.5 Biological control
4.8.9.5.1 Natural enemies: Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to control pests and diseases. 4.8.9.5.2 Biological pesticides: Use biological pesticides such as Liuyangmycin, Agricultural Antibiotic 120, Printing, Agricultural Chain, and New Plant Mycin to control pests and diseases.
Chemical control of major pests and diseases
The use of pesticides for control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Dust method and fumigation method are preferred in protected areas. Pay attention to the rotation of pesticides and reasonable mixing. Strictly control the safe interval of pesticides. 4.8.9.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides not allowed to be used: Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, chlorpyrifos, demeton, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos are not allowed to be used in production. 1151 Use drip irrigation or dark irrigation under the film. Water in time after planting, water the seedlings after 3d to 5d, and after the root melon is established, stop the seedlings, water and fertilize. Do not water in winter and spring, and keep the relative humidity of the soil at 60%~70%, and keep it at 75%~85% in summer and autumn. 4.8.5.2 According to the appearance of the cucumber and the length of the growth period, fertilize according to the requirements of balanced fertilization, and apply nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in time. At the same time, trace element fertilizers should be sprayed in a targeted manner, and foliar fertilizers can be sprayed as needed to prevent premature aging. 4.8.5.3 Fertilizers that are not allowed to be used: Urban garbage, sludge and organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated and have excessive heavy metal content should not be used in production.
4.8.6 Plant adjustment
4.8.6.1 Hanging vines or tying vines with racks: Use nylon ropes to hang vines or thin bamboo poles to tie vines with racks. 4.8.6.2 Pinching and bottom leaves: When the main vine bears fruits, pinch off the side branches with one fruit and one leaf. Pinching is done when there are 25 to 30 leaves. For long-season cultivation, no pinching is done and the vines are dropped. Diseased leaves, old leaves and deformed fruits should be removed in time. 4.8.7 Timely harvesting
Pick the root fruits early in time to prevent them from falling. Harvest in batches in time to reduce the burden on the plants to ensure the quality of commercial fruits and promote the expansion of fruits in the later stage. The product quality should meet the requirements of pollution-free food. 4.8.8 Cleaning the fields
Clean up the dead branches, leaves and weeds, and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner to keep the fields clean. 4.8.9 Pest and disease control
4.8.9.1 Main pests and diseases
4.8.9.1.1 Main pests and diseases in the seedling stage: damping-off disease, damping-off disease, and aphids. 4.8.9.1.2 Main field pests and diseases: downy mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, anthracnose, black spot, powdery mildew, blight, wilt, wilt, gray mold, sclerotinia, virus disease, aphids, whiteflies, whiteflies, root-knot nematodes, tea yellow mites, leaf miners. 4.8.9.2 Prevention and control
In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", adhere to the principle of harmless management of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
4.8.9.3 Agricultural prevention and control
4.8.9.3.1 Disease-resistant varieties: Select varieties with high resistance and multiple resistance for the main local pest and disease control targets. 4.8.9.3.2 Create suitable growth environment conditions: cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age and improve stress resistance; control temperature and air humidity, appropriate fertilizer and water, sufficient light and carbon dioxide, adjust the suitable temperature at different growth stages through ventilation and auxiliary heating, and avoid low temperature and high temperature obstacles; dig deep and high trenches, strictly prevent water accumulation, clean the fields, and do it to facilitate plant growth and development and avoid infectious diseases. 4.8.9.3.3 Farming system reform: rotate with non-melon crops for more than three years. Implement water-land rotation in areas with conditions. 4.8.9.3.4 Scientific fertilization: balance fertilization by soil testing, increase the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and use less chemical fertilizer to prevent soil salinization. 4.8.9.4 Physical prevention
4.8.9.4.1 Facility protection Use insect-proof nets to close the vents, cover plastic film, insect-proof nets and sunshade nets in summer, and carry out rain shelter, sunshade and insect-proof cultivation to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. 4.8.9.4.2 Yellow board trapping: Hang yellow boards in the facility to trap aphids and other pests. The yellow board size is 25cm×40cm, and 30 to 40 pieces are hung per 667m2.
3 Silver-gray film to repel aphids: Spread silver-gray ground film or hang silver-gray film strips to repel aphids. 4.8.9.4.3
4.8.9.4.4 High-temperature disinfection: In summer, the greenhouse should use solar energy to disinfect the soil at high temperature NY/T 5075--2002
Prevent cucumber downy mildew with high-temperature shed: Choose a sunny morning, water once, close the greenhouse, raise the greenhouse temperature to 46C~48C, and continue for 2 hours, then slowly increase the vent from the top to slowly lower the room temperature. Seal the greenhouse once every 15 days if necessary. Strengthen fertilizer and water management after sealing the greenhouse.
Soak seeds in warm water.
4.8.9.4.5 Insecticide lamps to kill pests: Use frequency-vibration insecticide lamps, black light lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, and double-wave lamps to kill pests. 4.8.9.5 Biological control
4.8.9.5.1 Natural enemies: Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to control pests and diseases. 4.8.9.5.2 Biological pesticides: Use biological pesticides such as Liuyangmycin, Agricultural Antibiotic 120, Printing, Agricultural Chain, and New Plant Mycin to control pests and diseases.
Chemical control of major pests and diseases
The use of pesticides for control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Dust method and fumigation method are preferred in protected areas. Pay attention to the rotation of pesticides and reasonable mixing. Strictly control the safe interval of pesticides. 4.8.9.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides not allowed to be used: Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, chlorpyrifos, demeton, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos are not allowed to be used in production. 1151 Use drip irrigation or dark irrigation under the film. Water in time after planting, water the seedlings after 3d to 5d, and after the root melon is established, stop the seedlings, water and fertilize. Do not water in winter and spring, and keep the relative humidity of the soil at 60%~70%, and keep it at 75%~85% in summer and autumn. 4.8.5.2 According to the appearance of the cucumber and the length of the growth period, fertilize according to the requirements of balanced fertilization, and apply nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in time. At the same time, trace element fertilizers should be sprayed in a targeted manner, and foliar fertilizers can be sprayed as needed to prevent premature aging. 4.8.5.3 Fertilizers that are not allowed to be used: Urban garbage, sludge and organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated and have excessive heavy metal content should not be used in production.
4.8.6 Plant adjustment
4.8.6.1 Hanging vines or tying vines with racks: Use nylon ropes to hang vines or thin bamboo poles to tie vines with racks. 4.8.6.2 Pinching and bottom leaves: When the main vine bears fruits, pinch off the side branches with one fruit and one leaf. Pinching is done when there are 25 to 30 leaves. For long-season cultivation, no pinching is done and the vines are dropped. Diseased leaves, old leaves and deformed fruits should be removed in time. 4.8.7 Timely harvesting
Pick the root fruits early in time to prevent them from falling. Harvest in batches in time to reduce the burden on the plants to ensure the quality of commercial fruits and promote the expansion of fruits in the later stage. The product quality should meet the requirements of pollution-free food. 4.8.8 Cleaning the fields
Clean up the dead branches, leaves and weeds, and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner to keep the fields clean. 4.8.9 Pest and disease control
4.8.9.1 Main pests and diseases
4.8.9.1.1 Main pests and diseases in the seedling stage: damping-off disease, damping-off disease, and aphids. 4.8.9.1.2 Main field pests and diseases: downy mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, anthracnose, black spot, powdery mildew, blight, wilt, wilt, gray mold, sclerotinia, virus disease, aphids, whiteflies, whiteflies, root-knot nematodes, tea yellow mites, leaf miners. 4.8.9.2 Prevention and control
In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", adhere to the principle of harmless management of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
4.8.9.3 Agricultural prevention and control
4.8.9.3.1 Disease-resistant varieties: Select varieties with high resistance and multiple resistance for the main local pest and disease control targets. 4.8.9.3.2 Create suitable growth environment conditions: cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age and improve stress resistance; control temperature and air humidity, appropriate fertilizer and water, sufficient light and carbon dioxide, adjust the suitable temperature at different growth stages through ventilation and auxiliary heating, and avoid low temperature and high temperature obstacles; dig deep and high trenches, strictly prevent water accumulation, clean the fields, and do it to facilitate plant growth and development and avoid infectious diseases. 4.8.9.3.3 Farming system reform: rotate with non-melon crops for more than three years. Implement water-land rotation in areas with conditions. 4.8.9.3.4 Scientific fertilization: balance fertilization by soil testing, increase the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and use less chemical fertilizer to prevent soil salinization. 4.8.9.4 Physical prevention
4.8.9.4.1 Facility protection Use insect-proof nets to close the vents, cover plastic film, insect-proof nets and sunshade nets in summer, and carry out rain shelter, sunshade and insect-proof cultivation to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. 4.8.9.4.2 Yellow board trapping: Hang yellow boards in the facility to trap aphids and other pests. The yellow board size is 25cm×40cm, and 30 to 40 pieces are hung per 667m2.
3 Silver-gray film to repel aphids: Spread silver-gray ground film or hang silver-gray film strips to repel aphids. 4.8.9.4.3
4.8.9.4.4 High-temperature disinfection: In summer, the greenhouse should use solar energy to disinfect the soil at high temperature NY/T 5075--2002
Prevent cucumber downy mildew with high-temperature shed: Choose a sunny morning, water once, close the greenhouse, raise the greenhouse temperature to 46C~48C, and continue for 2 hours, then slowly increase the vent from the top to slowly lower the room temperature. Seal the greenhouse once every 15 days if necessary. Strengthen fertilizer and water management after sealing the greenhouse.
Soak seeds in warm water.
4.8.9.4.5 Insecticide lamps to kill pests: Use frequency-vibration insecticide lamps, black light lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, and double-wave lamps to kill pests. 4.8.9.5 Biological control
4.8.9.5.1 Natural enemies: Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to control pests and diseases. 4.8.9.5.2 Biological pesticides: Use biological pesticides such as Liuyangmycin, Agricultural Antibiotic 120, Printing, Agricultural Chain, and New Plant Mycin to control pests and diseases.
Chemical control of major pests and diseases
The use of pesticides for control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Dust method and fumigation method are preferred in protected areas. Pay attention to the rotation of pesticides and reasonable mixing. Strictly control the safe interval of pesticides. 4.8.9.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides not allowed to be used: Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, chlorpyrifos, demeton, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos are not allowed to be used in production. 1155 Insecticide lamps to kill pests: Use frequency-vibration insecticide lamps, black light lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, and dual-wave lamps to kill pests. 4.8.9.5 Biological control
4.8.9.5.1 Natural enemies: Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to control pests and diseases. 4.8.9.5.2 Biological pesticides: Use biological pesticides such as Liuyangmycin, Agricultural Antibiotic 120, Printing, Agricultural Chain, and New Plant Mycin to control pests and diseases.
Chemical control of major pests and diseases
The use of pesticides for control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Dust method and fumigation method are preferred in protected areas. Pay attention to the rotation of pesticides and reasonable mixing. Strictly control the safe interval of pesticides. 4.8.9.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides not allowed to be used: Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, chlorpyrifos, demeton, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos are not allowed to be used in production. 1155 Insecticide lamps to kill pests: Use frequency-vibration insecticide lamps, black light lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, and dual-wave lamps to kill pests. 4.8.9.5 Biological control
4.8.9.5.1 Natural enemies: Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to control pests and diseases. 4.8.9.5.2 Biological pesticides: Use biological pesticides such as Liuyangmycin, Agricultural Antibiotic 120, Printing, Agricultural Chain, and New Plant Mycin to control pests and diseases.
Chemical control of major pests and diseases
The use of pesticides for control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Dust method and fumigation method are preferred in protected areas. Pay attention to the rotation of pesticides and reasonable mixing. Strictly control the safe interval of pesticides. 4.8.9.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides not allowed to be used: Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, chlorpyrifos, demeton, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos are not allowed to be used in production. 115
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