General specification for packagings of mechanical and electrical products
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General specifications for packagings of mechanical and electrical products
General specifications for packagings of mechanical and electrical products 1 Subject content and scope of application
GB/T 13384-92
This standard specifies the transport packaging format, technical requirements and test methods for mechanical, electrical, instrumentation and other products. This standard applies to the transport packaging of mechanical, electrical, instrumentation and other products. 2 Reference standards
Coniferous wood defects
GB 155
GB 191
GB 738
GB1349
GB1923
GB2934
GB4768
GB 4769
GR 4823
GB4857
GB 4879
GB4892
GB4995
GB 5033
GB5034
G 5048
GB 5398
GB 6388
GB6543
GH6544
GE 6980
GB7350
GE 8166
Packaging, storage and transportation pictorial signs
General purpose round steel nails
Broadleaf plywood
Coniferous plywood
Hard fiberboard
External dimension series of intermodal pallets
Technical requirements for mildew-proof packaging
Test force method for anti-dew packaging
Defects of broadleaf wood
Basic tests for transport packages
Rust-proof packaging
Dimension series of rigid rectangular transport packages
Technical conditions for wooden intermodal pallets
Wall-shaped cartons for export product packaging
Export product packaging Wabai cardboard
Moisture-proof packaging
Test methods for large transport packages
Marks for shipping and receiving transport packages
Corrugated paperboard
Corrugated paperboard
Calcium plastic corrugated boxes
Technical conditions for waterproof packaging
Design methods for man-made corrugated packaging
GB12339
GB13041
Inner packaging materials for protective packaging
Packaging containers
National Technical Supervision Approved on February 13, 1992, and implemented on October 1, 1992
A customer standard industry data free download GB 13123
Bamboo woven plywood
CB/T13384-92
GB13141 Packaging container Bamboo woven plywood box
I.Y209 Particleboard
3 General provisions
3.1 The packaging of the product should meet the requirements of science, economy, firmness, appearance and marketability. Under normal storage, transportation and loading and unloading conditions, it should be ensured that the product will not rust, grow dew, reduce precision, be damaged or have loose tips due to poor packaging for at least one year (at least two years after the product is shipped) from the date of shipment from the manufacturer. Special requirements will be implemented through the double force agreement. 3.2 The packaging design should be based on product characteristics, circulation environment conditions and customer requirements. The packaging should be compact, the protection should be reasonable, and it should be safe and reliable. 3.3 The product must be inspected and qualified and well protected before it can be packaged inside and outside. The accompanying documents should be complete. 3.4 The external dimensions and quality of the package should comply with the relevant regulations on over-limit and overweight in domestic and foreign transportation. The dimensions of the rigid rectangular transport package should comply with the provisions of GB4892
3.5 Product packaging The packaging environment should be clean, dry, and free from harmful light. 4 Packaging methods and protective packaging methods
4.1 The main packaging methods include box packaging (wooden boxes, cardboard boxes, plastic board boxes, fiberboard boxes, calcium plastic boxes, magnesia diameter packaging boxes, bamboo plastic boards, plastic boxes, metal boxes, etc.), bulk, partial packaging, bundles, tree packaging, bag packaging and pallet packaging. Its typical structure is shown in Appendix A (reference). 4.2 The main protective packaging methods include: waterproof packaging, moisture-proof packaging, dew-proof packaging, rust-proof packaging and shock-proof packaging. The appropriate protective packaging method should be selected according to the product characteristics and storage, transportation and packaging requirements. 5 Technical requirements
5.1 Box packaging
5.1.1 Material requirements
5. 1. 1.1 Wood
: The materials used for packing boxes should be selected from appropriate tree species based on the requirements of reasonable material use while ensuring the strength of the packing boxes. The main load-bearing components should be mainly larch, masson pine, purple cloud pine, white pine, and yew. Other tree species with similar physical and mechanical properties to the above materials can also be used.
b: The color of the box boards of the same packing box should be basically consistent. The outer surface should be flat, without obvious burrs and worm holes (except for repaired worm holes). The allowable defects of various parts of the wood for box making can be seen in 1. The interpretation and calculation methods of various defects in wood shall be in accordance with the specifications of GB155 and GB4823c
.
When making boxes, the moisture content of the box boards and box rails of the closed box is generally 8%~ 20%, moisture content of wood, pillows and frame wood shall not exceed 25%.
Defects are allowed for main load-bearing parts such as rails, rails, sleepers, etc.
Other parts such as box boards
In any length of 1m, the number of knots shall not exceed 5, and the maximum knot diameter shall not exceed 29% of the material width (dead knots must be repaired). Knots with a diameter of less than 5mm are not counted, and dead knots are not allowed in key parts of the sliding wood
The maximum live knot length shall not exceed 40% of the material width, and the maximum dead knot diameter shall not exceed 25% of the board width (dead knots must be repaired), and knots with a length of less than 5r are not counted
Defects are not allowed
GB/T 13384-- 92
Continued Table 1
Allowable Defects
Boxes, sliding rails, anti-wood and other load-bearing components
In any material length of 1m, the number of wormholes shall not exceed 4 (except for repaired wormholes), and wormholes with a diameter of less than 3 mm are not counted. The width of the most serious part of the corner shall not exceed 30% of the material width. The depth shall not exceed 1/3 of the material thickness.
The length of the crack shall not exceed 20% of the material length (those with a depth of less than 3 mm are not counted). No through cracks are allowed.
The straight bend shall not exceed 1, and the warping shall not exceed 2%. Box panels and other components
In any material length of 1m, the number of holes shall not exceed 10 (except for repaired holes), and the diameter of less than 3m1 The electrical limit is not taken into account. The width of the most serious part of the notch shall not exceed 10% of the material width, and the height shall not exceed 1/2 of the material thickness. The length of the crack shall not exceed 20% of the material length (cracks less than 2mm in width are not taken into account). The longitudinal and transverse bending shall not exceed 1%, and the warping shall not exceed 2. The inclination of the diagonal grain on the light width shall not exceed 20%. 5.1.1.2 Corrugated cardboard
Corrugated cardboard for domestic packaging shall comply with the provisions of GB6544, and corrugated cardboard for export packaging shall comply with the provisions of GB5034. 5.1.1.3 Plywood
The quality of plywood used for box making shall comply with the provisions of (B1349 and G738. The appropriate type and quality grade of plywood shall be selected according to the purpose and the characteristics of the contents. Export packaging boxes should use plywood of class I to old (i.e. NQF, VS and NC). 5.1.1.4 Fiberboard
Red dimensional board for domestic packaging should comply with the provisions of GB1923. Fiberboard for export packaging should be of grade I and II fiberboard quality. 5.1.1.5 Particleboard
Particleboard for packaging should comply with the provisions of LY209, and particleboard for export packaging should be of grade I flat pressed board. 5.1.1.6 Magnesium concrete
The compression strength of magnesia concrete shall not be less than 980V/cm, and the shear strength shall not be less than 250N/cm. Its testing method shall comply with the provisions of GB 13041. The allowable defects of various parts of magnesia concrete for box making are shown in Table 2. Repaired magnesia concrete component boxes shall not be used. 2
Defects allowed
Sole, base, pad, bottom bracket, etc.
Not allowed
The bottom and side surfaces of the components in use are not allowedNot allowed
Not allowed
5.1.1.7 Calcium plastic corrugated board
People allowed
Side panels, end panels, cover panels, etc.
Within 200cm\, shall not exceed 30%, and the same component shall not exceed 3 places
Not allowed
Not allowed
The surface of the calcium plastic tile should be flat, the corrugation is straight, and the distance is even. The color of the specifications should be basically consistent, and its performance indicators should meet.GB/T13384—92
Bamboo plywood is made of phenolic resin or other adhesives with equivalent performance. Bubbling and debonding are not allowed, and there should be no obvious pollution on the surface. Its physical properties should comply with the provisions of GB13123 standard. 5. 1.1.9 Other materials
Packaging boxes can also be made of other materials with reliable performance proven by tests or two or more materials, such as plastic, metal, steel wood, paper wood and other materials. But no matter what material is used, the strength of the packaging box must be ensured and it must meet the requirements of storage, transportation, loading and unloading.
5.1.2 Requirements for box making
5. 1.2. 1 This box
5. 1. 2. 1. 1 Slides
Slides should generally be arranged evenly. However, for the form of bottom plate and sleepers, if the contents need to be fixed on the slides with bolts, the position of the slides can be appropriately moved due to the position of the bolt holes. h. The center spacing of slides is generally not more than 120 cm. When a forklift is required to be used to load and unload, the center spacing of slides should not be more than 100 cm (when the mass of the contents is less than 1500 kg, it should not be more than 80 cm). When the spacing exceeds the specified spacing, a ridge with the same surface size should be added in the middle.
c Slides should try to use a whole piece of wood. If the length is not enough, they can be butt-jointed (see Figure 1), but the butt joint position cannot be at the center of the length, and the butt joint covers of each slide should be staggered. d.
GB/T1338492
a) Butt joint with wooden board (middle slide)
(b) Butt joint with board (slide on both sides)
(center) Butt joint with steel plate
When there is no auxiliary slide, the two ends of the slide shall be made into a downward bevel angle of 55°~~65 at half the height from the bottom surface (see Figure 2). The end portion shall not be exposed outside the box.
55°~65
e. When there is an auxiliary slide at the bottom of the slide, nail the auxiliary slide to the bottom of the slide with steel nails, and the spacing between the steel nails in the same row shall not exceed 30cm. Its width is not less than 8% of the minimum working width. The two ends of the auxiliary slide should be cut at 20° or less than the minimum working length. f.wwW.bzxz.Net
GB/T 1338492
When the belt is to be rolled, the two ends of the auxiliary wood should be made into a 45° chamfer. When it is necessary to use a car to transport it horizontally, the auxiliary slide should have a car hole (see Figure 3). The dimensions of each part of the double car hole are shown in Table 3. h
Total weight of the package, t
5.1.2.1.2 Wooden box board
a: The original size of the wooden box board should be selected according to the size of the packaging box and the content. m
According to the characteristics of the product, different connection forms can be selected for the closed box board (see Table 4). The board splicing should be tight when making the box. Surface
Joint form
Door joint
Edge joint
Groove joint
5.1.2.1.3 Nailed boxes
-General applicable scope
Closed boxes for general products
Closed boxes for more precise products
Sealed boxes for high-precision products
Schematic diagram
, Wooden boxes should be nailed with zigzag cloth nails. When nailing the boxes, the nail heads and nail fire should not be exposed on the surface of the box boards. The steel nails should not be bent in the middle or nailed to the joints of the box boards and the frames.
b. According to the thickness of the box board and box rails, the size of the sliding wood, sleepers and frame structure and the performance of the box making materials, the nails of the nailing standard shall be selected in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB319.
The distance between the nails of the corrugated box should be reasonably determined according to the box size and the width of the box board. 5. 1. 2.2 Corrugated paper boxes
The making of corrugated paper boxes for domestic sales shall comply with the provisions of GI36543. The making of paper boxes for pallet mouth shall comply with the provisions of GB5033. 5.1.2.3 Plywood and fiberboard boxes
When making boxes, the board surface should be smooth and there should be no obvious oil stains, indentations and cracks. There should be no burrs and softness at the corners. a.
b. If the sliding wood frame structure is adopted: its sliding form shall comply with the provisions of 5.1.2.1.1 of this standard. 5.1-2.4 Magnesium concrete box
CB/T 13384-92
The structural form and assembly requirements of magnesia concrete packaging boxes shall comply with the provisions of GB13041. 5.1.2.5 Calcium plastic box
The quality of calcium plastic box shall comply with the provisions of G6980. 5.1-2.6 Bamboo plywood box
The box making of expanded plywood shall comply with the requirements of 5.1.2.3 of this standard and GB13144. 5.1.3 Packing requirements
5.1.3.1 When packing products, the center of gravity should be centered and lower as much as possible. Products with a high center of gravity should be packed horizontally as much as possible. Products with a more obvious center of gravity deviation from the center should take appropriate balancing measures. 5.1.3.2 Without affecting the accuracy, the movable parts on the product should be moved to the position that makes the product have the smallest external dimensions and fixed. The protruding parts of the product should be removed as much as possible, marked and packaged separately according to their characteristics. Generally, they should be placed in the same box.
5.1.3.3* Parts with special requirements on the product should be removed as much as possible. Mark them and package them separately according to special requirements. 5.1.3.4 The product (or inner packaging box) should be padded, clamped and fixed in the outer packaging box. The product can be fixed in the box by using cushioning materials, positioning and fastening with wood fasteners, bolts, pressure bars, etc. When the product is fixed on the slide with bolts, the bolt head should be sunk into the wood: Generally speaking, the product should not be in direct contact with the outer packaging box. The entire unit packed in a slide box should be There should be a certain gap between the product and the side, end and top surfaces of the box.
5.1.3.5 Accessory boxes, spare parts boxes, etc. should be fixed in the appropriate position in the main box as much as possible, and corresponding fixing measures should be taken for the accessories and spare parts installed in the box.
5.1.3.6 The product packaging box should be clean. Dry and free of foreign objects. 5.1.4 Reinforcement requirements
5.1.4.1 For ordinary wooden boxes, choose appropriate box blocks according to the weight of the product and the size of the box, and reinforce the box with oxidized steel belts. There are generally no less than two oxidized steel belts, and the width is not less than 16mm. Try to use a strapping baler to strap it to the wooden box so that it cuts into the corners of the box. When ordinary wooden boxes and ordinary sliding boxes are reinforced with box rails, angle irons are usually used to reinforce the box sill joints. 5.1.4.2 After the frame sliding boxes are assembled, corresponding reinforcement measures should be taken at the joints of each component according to the size and weight of the packaged items. The sliding wood of large packaging boxes should be equipped with iron guards at the front rope passage (as shown in Figure 1). Figure
5.1.4.3 After the cartons and calcium plastic boxes are sealed, plastic strapping tape or oxidized steel strapping tape is usually used for binding. The width of the plastic strapping tape should not be less than 14mm. When bundling, the plastic strap or steel strap should be tightly tied to the carton. At the same time, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent it from scratching the cardboard and damaging the carton. 5.1.4.4 Other For other types of packaging, appropriate protective measures should be taken. If necessary, edge and corner guards can be added to the joints of some boxes. The edge and corner guards can be made of metal, plastic, paper and other materials. 5.1.5 Strength requirements for packaging boxes
The packaging boxes should have sufficient strength. According to the quality and characteristics of the packaged goods, relevant test items are selected from the test methods and other test items specified in Section 6 of this standard. After the test, there is no obvious displacement of the fixed objects in the box, and the product appearance, performance, precision and related technical parameters are within the specified allowable tolerance range. There should be no obvious damage and deformation of the packaging, which complies with the provisions and design requirements of the relevant standards. 5.2 Packaging
GB/T 13384-92
5.3.1 For bundled packages, the weight of each package is not more than 2 tons and the length is less than or equal to 6 meters. The number of tying lines for each package is not less than 4. For bundles with a length of more than 6 meters, the number of tying lines for each package is not less than 5. The tying should be neat and firm. 5.3.2 When tying pipe fittings, both ends should be blocked. Corresponding protective measures should be taken for the threaded parts of the pipe fittings. 5.4 Pallet packaging
5. 4.1 The size of the pallet should comply with the provisions of GB 2934. 5.4.2 The technical requirements of the pallet should comply with the provisions of GB4595. 5. 4.3 The weight of the pallet package is generally not less than 1,000 kg + the volume is not less than 1 m. When assembling the pallet package, the bottom size of the package or product on the pallet should generally be consistent with the size of the pallet. 5.5 Protective packaging
The inner packaging material should comply with the provisions of GB12337. 5.5.1 Waterproof packaging
shall comply with the provisions of GB7350.
For the waterproof grade of export packaging boxes, ordinary closed boxes should be selected from Class B T or above, and sliding wooden boxes should be selected from Class B I or above. 5.5.2 Moisture-proof packaging
shall comply with the provisions of GB 5048.
The moisture-proof grade of export packaging should be Class I, etc. 5.5.3 Anti-mildew packaging
shall comply with the provisions of GB 1768.
5.5.4 Anti-rust packaging
Should comply with the provisions of GB 4879.
The anti-rust grade of export packaging should generally be A, B,. The important metal surface of the product shall not be in direct contact with the bottom plate of the packaging box, the fastening wood or the pressure plate. Anti-rust, moisture-proof and cushioning materials shall be used to cushion the contact points (see Figure 5) 5.5.5 Anti-rust packaging
5.5.5.1 Anti-dew packaging can be made of heat-resistant cushioning materials, foam plastic molding boxes or induction hangers. 5.5.5.2 The cushioning material should have the characteristics of soft texture, not easy to be eaten by insects, not easy to grow, not easy to fatigue and deform. Commonly used cushioning materials include wood wool, polyethylene foam plastic, high-foamed polyurethane plastic, low-foamed and high-foamed polyethylene, polypropylene, composite foamed plastic sponge rubber, plastic air cushion, air cushion film, metal spring, etc. The cushioning material should be closely attached (or fastened) between the product (or inner packaging box) and the inner wall of the outer packaging box.
5.5.5.3 The design method of shockproof color decoration can adopt the method specified in GB8166. Important processing surface of metal yellow
Anti-oil enzyme
Sodium benzoate anti-inducement paper
Plastic enzyme film
Erase-off
Petroleum green paper (or linoleum felt)
Bottom board (or disturbing paper)
Out-of-rainbow
Rubber board
Plastic film
Sodium formate anti-inducement paper
Anti-calcium dripping
Important processing surface of metal
6 Test method
GB/T13384-92
According to the characteristics and requirements of the packaging itself, as well as the actual circulation environment conditions, the tests of relevant items in GB4857 and the tests of relevant items in GB4769, GB5048, GB4879 and GB5398 should be appropriately selected. 7 Sampling method and inspection rules
The sampling inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the transport package sampling inspection mark. 8 Package marking and random documents
8.1 The packaging marking shall include the product mark, the packaging storage and transportation indication mark and the shipping and receiving mark. 8.1.1 When the product is packed in multiple boxes, the box number shall be expressed as a fraction, with the numerator being the box number and the denominator being the total number of boxes. The main box shall be box No. 1. 8-1.2 The packaging storage and transportation indication mark shall be correctly selected according to the product characteristics and the relevant provisions of GB191. All packages that need to be lifted individually and those that are obviously off-center when the center of gravity is adjusted shall be marked with the "lift from here" and "center of gravity" marks. 8.1.3 The shipping and receiving marks of the transport package shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB6388. 8.2 Random documents generally include the instruction manual, certificate of conformity, packing list (including the total packing list and sub-packing list), etc. When the product is packed in multiple boxes, the instruction manual, certificate of conformity and general packing list are generally placed in the main box. The classified packing list should be placed in the corresponding packing box. A1 Box Packing
A1.1 Ordinary Box
GB/T13384-92
Appendix A
Example of Typical Structure of Outer Packing
(reference)
A1.1. 1 When the mass of the product inside is less than 25 kg, a wooden box with the following structure is generally used (see Figure A1). This type of structure is often used in conjunction with a pallet.
41.1.2 When the mass of the product inside is less than 50 kg, a wooden box with the following structure is generally used (see Figure A2). (a)
A1.1. 3 When the mass of the product inside is less than 150 kg, a wooden box with the following structure is generally used (see Figure A2). kg, --- generally use F-side structure box (see Figure A3) ()
A1.2 Sliding wooden box
GB/T13384
Continued Figure A3
When the mass of the internal product is less than 1500k, the sliding wooden box with the following structure is generally used (this Figure A4) a
A1-3 Frame box
When the mass of the internal product is greater than 1000kg, the box with the following structure is generally used (see Figure 5) (a)
A1.4 Plywood and fiberboard box
GB/T1338492
Continued Figure A5
For products with higher precision requirements, --- generally use plywood and fiberboard boxes (see Figure 6), 8
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