This standard specifies the rules for the Chinese translation of Russian place names. This standard applies to the Chinese translation of Russian place names. GB/T 17693.4-1999 Guidelines for the Chinese translation of foreign place names Russian GB/T17693.4-1999 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the rules for the Chinese translation of Russian place names. This standard applies to the Chinese translation of Russian place names.

GB/T 17693.4—1999
Standardization of the Chinese translation of Russian place names is an important part of place name standardization. This standard is formulated to achieve the unification and standardization of the Chinese translation of place names and promote the exchange of science and culture at home and abroad. This standard is revised on the basis of the "Rules for the Chinese Translation of Russian Place Names" formulated by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the State Administration of Surveying and Mapping. The series of national standards for the "Guidelines for the Chinese Translation of Foreign Place Names" include the following parts: Part 1: English; Part 2: French; Part 3: German; Part 4: Russian; Part 5: Spanish: Part 6: Arabic; This standard is Part 4: Russian.
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, and Appendix E of this standard are all standard appendices. Appendix F of this standard is a prompt appendix. The original "Rules for Translating Russian Place Names into Chinese Characters" shall be automatically repealed from the date of implementation of this standard. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Place Names. This standard is drafted by the Place Names Research Institute of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and the Place Names Research Institute of the State Administration of Surveying and Mapping, China Cartographic Publishing House, Xinhua News Agency Reference News Editorial Department, and the General Staff Mapping Bureau. The main drafters of this standard are: Li Chongling, Wang Jitong, Li Hong, Xing Weilin, Wang Shuping, Zhang Weiming, and Wang Ke. This standard is interpreted by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Place Names. 400
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Transformation guidelines of geographical names from foreign languages ​​into Chinese-Russian
This standard specifies the rules for transliterating Russian place names into Chinese characters. This standard applies to transliterating Russian place names into Chinese characters. 2 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
2.1 Geographical names
Proper names given to various geographical entities. 2.2Specific terms
Words used to distinguish geographical entities in geographical names. 2.3Generic terms
Words used to distinguish categories of geographical entities in geographical names. 2.4Generic terms used as specific termsGeneric terms converted into specific terms.
GB/T17693.4—1999
2. 5Transformation of geographical names from_foreign.languages ​​into ChineseThe use of Chinese characters to write geographical names in other languages.
3 General Principles
3.1 Place names are generally transliterated, and common names are generally translated. 3.2 Place names with customary Chinese characters and place names named after common names (see Appendix B) are still used. In principle, the place names derived from them are translated in the same way. 3.3 The translation of place names should adopt the standard place names in the official maps, place name directories, place name dictionaries, place name records and other documents published by the country. 3.4 The Chinese characters used in the translation of place names shall be based on the Chinese characters selected in Table 1 Russian-Chinese transliteration table. 4 Detailed Principles
4.1 Place names are generally transliterated. 4.1.1 Proper names (including common names that have been transformed into special names) are generally transliterated. For example: IeHbKoBo
IMITpOBKa
JIeHCK
CMeHLIH MbIC
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on March 4, 1999 as “Penikovo”
Translated into “Dmitrovka”
Translated into “Lensk”
Translated into “Smenemies”
Implemented on September 1, 1999
I'ycHHoe 03epo
GB/T 17693. 4— 1999
Translated into “Gushinoye Ozero”
4.1.2 When ordinal numbers are used alone as proper nouns, they are transliterated; when they modify proper nouns, they are translated in meaning. For example: HepBbIA ocTpOB
TpeTbA ropa
BTopoN KyPHbcKHA poIHB
Bo.louaeBka BTopaH
translated as "Pervi Island"
translated as "Tretya Mountain"
translated as "Second Dry Island Strait"
translated as "Second Volochaevka"
4.1.3 In the names of natural geographical entities and administrative regions, adjectives modifying the common names of places (size, new and old, up and down, color, see Appendix A) are generally transliterated, but adjectives indicating the directions of east, west, south and north are translated literally. For example: Bo.lblloe ceJo
HoBhti,o.
BepxHee,03.
KpacHan,r.
MIc CeBepo- BocToyHbI
HpOJIHB BOCTOHHb
CeBepo-EankabckM PaHoH
4.1.4 Proper nouns that clearly reflect the characteristics of geographical entities are generally translated in a literal sense. For example: OcTpOBa CeBepHaH 3eMJIH
translated as "Bolishoi Village"
translated as "Novi Island"
translated as "Lake Verkhneye"
translated as "Krasnaya Mountain"
translated as "Northeast Corner"
translated as "Eastern Strait"
translated as "North Baikal Region"
translated as "Northern Land Archipelago"
4.1.5 The proper nouns with certain historical significance or too long transliteration are generally translated. For example: OCTPOB OKTR6pbCKDN PeEOJIOLHHOCTPOBa ApKTHHeCKOrO HHCTHTyTaKpacHorBapHerck
4.1.6 The proper nouns named after numbers or dates are translated. Such as: ropa TpH CecTpEl
HepBOMaMcK
IBaLlaTs BochMoro AHpeJA
Translated as "October Revolution Island"
Translated as "Arctic Research Institute Archipelago"
Translated as "Red Guard City"
Translated as "Sandimei Mountain"
Translated as "May Day City"
Translated as "April 28th Village"
4.1.7 Adjectives that modify proper nouns (such as those indicating size, direction, new and old, color, etc.) are generally translated in meaning regardless of whether they are written separately or in a continuous manner; short-tailed neutral adjectives indicating color are transliterated. Such as: CeBepo-EHHcelicK
OHO-CaXaMHCK
BepXHeseHCKan paBHMHa
HHHeaHrapck
Eobluo CanH
MaJoapxaHreJibck
HoBOHWKOaeBCK
CTaPOROHCTaHTHHOB
KpacHar IfoHa
KpacHOHaMeHCK
Translate "Northern Yeniseisk"
Translate "Southern Sakhalinsk"
Translate "Upper Zeya Plain"
Translate "Lower Ansk"
Translate "Great Sayan Mountains"
Translate "Male Arkhangelsk"
Translate "New Nikolayevsk"
Translate "Old Konstantinov"
Translate "Red Polyana"
Translate "Krasnokamensk"
4.1.8 When translating the names of administrative regions or natural geographical entities derived from the names of settlements or natural geographical entities into Chinese characters, the adjective form of the proper noun should be restored to the principal case and translated. For example: XabapoBCKHH Kpan
(the name of the border region is derived from the name of the capital XabapoBck) OpJIOBCkaH 06.tacTb
(The name of the state is derived from the name of the capital Open)
Translated as "Khabarovsk Krai"
Translated as "Oryol Oblast"
EHIcencKHN BaJIHB
(The name of the bay is derived from the name of the river EHIcet)
BH3eMCKaH BO3BEIIeHHOCTb
(The name of the highland is derived from the name of the river BbMa)
OHe XKCKHA HOJYOCTPOB
(The name of the peninsula is derived from the name of the river OHera)
GB/T 17693. 4--1999
translate "Yenisei Bay"
translate "Vyazma Heights"
translate "Onega Peninsula"
4.1.9 In long place names composed of prepositional phrases or long-tail adjectives, when the prepositional phrases or long-tail adjectives in the proper nouns are used to explain the geographical location characteristics of the place name, they are translated literally, such as: PocTOB-Ha-oHy
KomcoMoJibck-Ha- Amype
IeTpOBCK-3abaMKaTbCKHT
HoKpOBCK-Y pabCKHT
Translate "Rostov-on-Don"
Translate "Komsomolsk-on-Amur"
Translate "Petrovsk-Transbaikalsk"Translate "Pokrovsk-Uralsk"4.1.10 In the names of natural geographical entities named after people, the proper noun appears in the second case form. When translating into Chinese, the proper noun returns to the nominative case transliteration. For example: 6yxTa MapHn HpoHytueBon
MIC exkHeBa
xpebeT Hepckoro
0-Ba Cepren KHpoBa
translation of "Maria Pronchiseva Bay" translation of "Cape Dezhnev"
translation of "Chersky Mountains"
translation of "Sergey Kirov Islands"
4.1.11 In the names of settlements named after people, if the names appear in the second case after HMeHH, the names will be restored to the nominative case when translated into Chinese, and the common names such as "town" and "village" will be added as appropriate. For example, HMeHH Fopbkoro
HMeHH JIeHHHa
Translate "Gorky Village"
Translate "Lenin Village"
4.1, 12 For proper names composed of a single syllable, the corresponding common names of place names are added when translated into Chinese characters. For example: oH
4.2 Common names of place names (see Appendix C)
4.2.1 Common names are generally translated into English. For example:
TaRMEpCKH aaMB
oaepo Bankaul
KHPCECKaA 06JICTh
Translate "Dun Village"
Translate "Taymyr Bay"
Translate "Lake Baikal"
Translate "Kirov Oblast"
4.2.2 In the names of settlements, the proper names and common names are transliterated when written together, and translated into English when written separately. For example: JIecHon ropoloK
Benropon
Duo\Lesnoy"
translate "Belgorod"
When a place name is composed of a regional common name and a common common name, in order to simplify the translation, one of the common names is translated. For example: 4.2.3
BOJIKaH ABaHHHCKaH COIKE
(conka is a common name for the pond area in Kamchatka, meaning "volcano")
BO3EbIIeHOcTb JMxayHaH rapMa (napMa is a regional common name in the northern Ural region, meaning "highland\)
translated as "Avachinsky Volcano"
translated as "Yamzachnaya Highland"
4.2.4 For names of natural geographical entities with only proper names, the corresponding common name shall be added according to the category to which the place name belongs when translating into Chinese characters. For example: Jlea
4.3 Rules for the translation of some letters
translated as "Lena River"
translated as "Topko Mountain"
4.3.1 The pronunciation of the same two vowels a, ee, oo, yy is related to the stress. If they are not in the stress position, they shall be transliterated as a single vowel: if they are in the stress position 403
, they shall be transliterated as two vowels. For example:
AJekceeBKa
YepHOdKOB
GB/T 17693. 4 - 1999
Translated as "Alekseyevka"
Translated as "Chernoakov"
Translated as "Achim's Corner"
4.3.2 The sound group consisting of two identical consonants is transliterated as a single consonant; but HH is transliterated as two consonants. For example: KoMMyHa
MepoBO
AHHOBKa
4.3.3 Consonant letter Ⅱ, T is not pronounced before, For example: OTHaAHHA
IOTYMHHh
4.3.4 Special pronunciation of consonant letter combination
4.3.4.1～a,c are pronounced, C,TC,c are pronounced as u. For example: PaceBaTCka
KpaCHOBOICK
EpaTck
4.3.4.2, y, cy are pronounced. For example:
CuacTbe
4.3.4.3Fk, r is pronounced as x. For example:
JIerKOB
translate "Komuna"
translate "Milerovo"
translate "Annovka"
translate "Ochayaniya"
translate "Pochiny"
translate "Lashevatskaya"
translate "Krasnovodsk"
translate "Bratsk"
translate "Izvoshik"
translate "Shastye"
translate "Lechkov"
4.3.4.4 The consonants Ⅱ and T in the middle of the three-consonant combination -CTH, -CTJI, -3IH, -PII are not pronounced, and the consonants in the three-consonant combination JHL are not pronounced.
MecTHbIA
BecyacTHOB
CyacTJIHBHeBO
H03HHHKOBKa
Cepuue
CoJHHeBKa
Translate "Mesne"
Translate "Beshasnov"
Translate "Shaslivtsevo"
Translate "Poznyakovka"
Translate "Sherce"
Translate "Songtsevka"
4.3.4.5 The r in the second singular case ending -aro,ero of adjectives and ordinal numbers is pronounced as B. For example: Broporo
4, 3, 5 All consonants with the soft sound symbol "" are softened. For example: AJThMeTbeBCK
HeHbKOBO
Translate "Vtorovo"
Translate "Alimedyevsk"
Translate "Penikovo"
4.3.6 For any word ending with the consonant letter H and the suffix beginning with a vowel, the double spelling of H in Chinese characters is limited to the H double spelling stem table (see Appendix D). In principle, it is not treated as double spelling beyond this range. Take the word stem aHTOH as an example, such as: AHTOH
AHTOHHA
AHTOHOB
AHTOHOBKa
4.3.7 The hard sound symbol 6 after the consonant letter only serves as a sound insulation. Such as: Cheakan
OGbHyeBo
Translate "Anton"
Translate "Anthony"
Translate "Antonov"
Translate "Antonovka"
Translate "Syezhaya"
Translate "Obuyachevo"
GB/T17693.4-1999
4.3.8 When the initial p and π are followed by a consonant, p and are translated as "diligent". Such as: PeB
5 Russian-Chinese transliteration table (see Table 1)
5.1 The pronunciation of the Chinese characters in Table 1 is based on the Mandarin pronunciation. Translated as "勒泽夫"
Translated as "勒扎"
5.2 The writing of the Chinese characters in Table 1 shall be based on the simplified Chinese characters announced by the State Language and Writing Committee. 5.3 The Chinese characters at the intersection of the vertical row of consonants and the horizontal row of vowels in Table 1 are the transliterated Chinese characters of the pronunciation of the consonants and vowels. When the vowels form a syllable by themselves, they are translated using the Chinese characters in the vowel zero row in Table 1; and when the consonants other than H are pronounced alone, they are translated using the Chinese characters in the consonant zero row in Table 1, 5.4 If the Chinese characters in the translation result in a literal meaning, the homophones of the same syllable should be used for translation. For example, when "东", "南", and "西" appear at the beginning of a place name, they should be translated as "栋", "楠", and "锡"; when "江" and "海" appear at the end of a place name, they should be translated as "姜" and "亥". 5.5 The Chinese characters "雅", "玛", "娜", "莉", "丽", "琳", "妮", "蕾", and "黛" in Table 1 are used for place names named after female names. 5.6 "叶" and "弗" in Table 1 are used at the beginning of the translated name; "耶" and "夫" are used in the middle and end of the translated name. 5.7 The Romanization in Table 1 includes two transliteration systems: the British and American transliteration methods and the 1983 Soviet State Standard (GOST-1983). The specific transliteration scheme is shown in Appendix E.
5.8 Translation of fixed suffixes of common word-forming elements: -6ypr translates to “堡”
-rpa translates to “格勒”
translates to “戈罗ｄ”
-ropon
translates to “佐夫”
GB/T 17693.4—1999
伦曼Ｎｅ
纪事意
(家)
武非!
(wing)
(wing)
Tund-, unt- unk un!
un- un
,ua-ua
ua ua
ua- ua
in An fn
ng n, nt,n nt
Ka a se /a?||t t||Ha- HO
LHH-HH
YHN- HA
4He- He
qha- Ha
4HB- HE
4HE- He
60JIbIIOH
BeJIMKHA
Belaya
Beloye
Beleye
Bolishoy
Bolishoy
Bolishoy
Bolishye
Veliki
Velikaya
Velikoye
Velikiye
BepxHHA
January
BOCTOHHEM
Verkhnya
Verkhnye
Verkhnye
Verkhnye| |tt||Vostochny
Vostochnaya
Vostochnye
Vostochnye
Zapadny
Zapadnye
KpacHhM
Zhapanye
Zhapanye
Zelione
Zemonaya
Zelionoye
Zelione
Krasnye
Krasnaya
Krasnoye
Krasnye
Levaya
Levoy
Leviye
GB/T 17693. 4 - 1999
Appendix A
(Standard Appendix)
Translation table of common adjectives in Russian place names
White
Green
Red
Malaya
Mareye
Nizhnyaya
Nizhnyaya
Nizhnyeye
Nizhnyeye
Novasiaya
Novoye
Novye
Plavy
Plavaya
Plavoy
ceBepHbtf
Plavy|| tt||Severny
Severnaya
Severnoye
-beSevernye
Srednya
Srednyaya
-ee【Srednye
Srednye
Stare
Staraya
Staroye
Stareye
Chorny
Yangernaya
-oeChornoye
Chornye
Yuzhny
Yuzhnaya
Yuzhnoye
Yuzhnye
Yuzhnye|| | tt | Hun
BachJlb
BHKTOPHA
BJaAHMHp
BopoLB||tt| |BopoHJIoB
BHIIHHCKHH
FeoprMeB
ToroJb
TopbayeB
FoHyapOB
TopbKHE
FpOMEIKO
aepKHHCKHt
IHMHTPOE
MHTPHeE||tt ||EaTepHHa
EmsaBeTawwW.bzxz.Net
KAaHOB
3HHOBLeB
GB/T 17693.4 -1999
Appendix B
(Standard Appendix)
Translation table of common Russian names and place names
Alexey
Andreyev
Andrei
Antonov
Bogdanov
Brezhnev
Budyonny
Bulganin
Bukharin
Vayouri
Vassily
Victoria
Vladimir
Vorobyov
Vroshilov
Vyshinsky
Georgiev
Gogol
Gorbachev
Goncharov
Gorky
Gromyko
Zhambyl
Dzerzhinsky
Dimitrov
Dmitriev
Ekaterina
Elizabeth
Zhdanov
Zinoviev
HBaHOB
KaraHoBHy
KaHHMH
KaTepHHa
KOHCTaHTMH
Ky3bMHH
Ky3bHeLIOB| |tt||Ky6beB
JIepMOHTOB
JOMOHOCOB
JIyHaapekH
MaTpocoR
MaTBen
MaHKOBCKHH
MeHeJeeB
MHKOHH
MHxanOB
tt||HHkoJian
HHKoIaeB
OpHoHHkHJae
HaBJIOB
IIaBJIOBHY
Ivanov
Igor
Ilyich
Joseph
Kaganovich
Kalinin
Katerina
Kirov||tt| |Lian Constantine
Kuzmin
Kuznetsov
Kuibyshev
Lermontov
Lomonosov
Lunacharsky
Maria
Matrosov
Matvey
Mayakovsky
Mendeleev
Mikoyan
Mikhail
Mikhailov
|Michurin
Nadezhda
Nikola
Nikolaev
Olga
Ordzhonikidze
Pavlov
Pavlovich
IeTpOB
eTpoBuy
InexaHOB
HoHOMapeB
POMaHOB
CBep JtoB | |tt | H O6JIacTb
aBTOHOMHbI OKPyT
ap6opeTyM
apxrlear
gponpom
6accefH
GB/T 17693.4—1999
Table B1 (end)
Petrov
Petrovich
Plekhanov
Ponomarev
Pushkin
Romanov
Sverdlov
Semenov
Sergeyev
Spartacus
Suvorov
Tatyana
Tikhvinsky
Titov
Tolstoy
Tumanov
Turgenev
Ulyanov
Ulyanov
Appendix C
(Standard Appendix)
P pyHae
XpyueB
HaMKOBCKHA
HanaeB
HepHEeBCKHM
HepBOHeHKO
IIeBYeHKO
oJIOXOB
ep6akoB
AROBIeB
ApocJiaB
HKy6OBCKHA
Translation table of common names and common words in Qian language C1
Autonomous prefecture
Autonomous region
Plantation
Market, bazaar
Canyon, ravine
Shoal, sandbar||t t||Barracks, sheds
60.JIOTHHa
6OJIOTO
6yropok
6yepak
6EICTPHHE
Usov
Fadeev
Feodorov
Frunze
Khrushchev
Tchaikovsky
Chapayev
Chernyshevsky
Chervonenko
Chekhov
Shaowumian
Shevchenko
Shelepin
Sholokhov
Sherbakov
Yusuf
Yakovle
Yaroslav
Yakubovsky
swampland
wading ground, ford
hill, hill, hill
valley, ditch
bay, port
BepuMHa
BHHOFPAIHH
BOHOBMeCTHJMIE
BoHOkayka
Bononan
BOHOCTOK
BOTOTOR
BOHoXpaHIHHe
BO3BEIIIIeHHOCTb
BnaAHHa
BpeMeHHoe o3epo
ByIkaH
TaBaHb
Bopeul
IeJIbTa
epeccMH
HOJIHHa
Hopora
2KeJie3Ha Hopora
GB/T17693.4—1999
Table C1 (continued)
Earth embankments, enclosures, earth walls
Branches, tributaries
Viaducts, plank roads
Grapevines
Reservoirs
Ponds, reservoirs, ponds
Pumping stations, water towers
Canals, drains
Canals, ditches
Seasonal lakes
Harbors, harbours
Mountains, mountain ranges
Boundaries, boundaries
Long hills, sand spits
Caves, rocky outcrops||tt ||Bay, harbor
Dyke, dam
Courtyard, farmer's household
Palace, palace
Delta
Valley, valley
Road, road
Lake fork, river fork
3anOBenHHK
sanpyIa
HCTOHHHK
KaHaBa
KacKaA
KaTapakT
KoJIxa3
KoMMyHa
KOTJOBHHa
KperocTb
xypraH
JaryHa
JIIMaH
JOK6HHa
MaccHB
MeyeTb
MOHacTEIpE
Bays, creeks
Villages (Siberian belt)
Nature reserves
Barrages, reservoirs
River bends, oxbow lakes
Ditches, canals
Rapids, waterfalls collective farm
mine, mine
shallow beach, rocky beach
border region
ridge, hill
tomb, mound
bush
estuary, valley, lake
valley, depression
meadow, pasture
mountain, mountain
shallow beach, beach
mosque
monastery, monastery
MOHyMeHT
Haropbe
HaHOHaIbHb apK | | tt | 17693. 4 1999
Table C1 (continued)
National park
Epicure, steep bank
Ditch, gully
Fence, wall
Island,
Drainage ditch
Valley, ravine
Monument
Mountain pass, pass
Shoal, shallow water
Desert, sandy land
Peak, mountain
Dam, levee
Floodplain
Field, field
Small station
Rapids, rocky beach, rapids
Harbor, port||t t||town, new village
npeMecTbe
nPHCTaHE
HpoJIHB
HpOTOK
HyCTEHH
paBHHHa
pa3BaHHa
POIHHK
PyAHHK
cJo6oHa
CO BXO3
COJIOHYaK
CTaHHIa
CTaHHME
cyxoBoe pycJIo
outpost, station
rapids, current
suburbs, residential areas (outside the city)
pier, anchorage
waterway, tributary
pond, pool
desert, wasteland
road, avenue
ruins, remains
rift valley, canyon
ditch, trench
mine, mine
dry river, riverbed, river channel
river, stream
garden, orchard
rock, steep cliff
town, suburbs
state farm
volcano (Kamchatka area), hills
drainage ditch
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