ICS 01.080.10
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T15565:2—2008
Graphical symbols
Part 2: Signs and guidance system
Graphical symbols-Terms-
Part 2:Signs and guidance system2008-12-30Promulgated
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of China
Implementation on 2009-07-01
Terms" is divided into two parts:
GB/T15565 "Graphical Symbols
Part 1: General;
Part 2: Signs and guidance system.
This part is the second part of GB/T15565. This part is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Graphical Symbols (SAC/TC59). GB/T15565.2—2008
The drafting organizations of this part are: China National Institute of Standardization, China Academy of Mechanical Science, Light Industry Standardization Research Institute, Aviation Safety Technology Center of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing Subway Line Company. The main drafters of this part are: Chen Yongquan, Bai Dianyi, Qiang Yi, Guo Ting, Zou Chuanyu, Zhang Liang, Yang Zuonian, Liu Jiawei, Zhou Ke. Scope
Terms of graphic symbols
Part 2: Signs and guidance systems
This part of GB/T15565 defines the basic terms and definitions of signs and guidance systems. This part is applicable to signs, guidance systems and related fields. 2 Signs and their applications
2.1 Signs
Signs
GB/T15565.2—2008
A visual image that conveys specific information formed by a combination of symbols, text, colors and geometric shapes (or frames). 2.1.2
Graphical signgraphical sign
A sign formed by a combination of graphic symbols, colors, geometric shapes (or borders), etc. for signs (2.1.1). Example "No fireworks\Graphic sign, see Figure 1 Note: Graphic symbols for terminology signs" See GB/T15565.1. Figure 1
Graphic sign example
Letter signlettersign
A rectangular sign formed by a combination of text, colors or borders (2.1.1). Example: "People's Hospital" letter sign, see Figure 2 People's Hospital
Main signmainsign
Letter sign example
Graphic sign (2.1.2) that conveys the main information or plays a major role relative to auxiliary signs (2.1.5) or supplementary signs (2.1.6). Example: As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the graphic signs in the figures are main signs. GB/T15565.2-2008
Supplementary sign supplementarysign
Beware of electric shock
Figure 3 Examples of main and auxiliary signs
7:30-10:00
Figure 4 Examples of main and supplementary signs
Subordinate to the main sign (2.1.4), the sign that uses words to explain the information conveyed by the main sign (2.1.1). Example: As shown in Figure 3, the text sign in the figure is a supplementary sign. 2.1.6
Supplementary sign
complementarysign
Subordinate to the main sign (2.1.4), the sign that conveys additional information (2.1.1). Example: As shown in Figure 4, the text sign in the figure is a supplementary sign. 2.1.7
singlesign
A sign (2.1.1) that expresses a single message and is formed by a graphic sign (2.1.2) or a text sign (2.1.3). 2.1.8
combination signcombination sign
A sign (2.1.1) that expresses a certain message and is formed by a main sign (2.1.4) and an auxiliary sign (2.1.5) or a supplementary sign (2.1.6) on the same sign carrier (2.3.20). 2.1.9
multiplesign
collective sign
A sign (2.1.1) that expresses multiple messages and is formed by two or more single signs (2.1.7) or combination signs (2.1.8) on the same sign carrier (2.3.20).
Public information graphic signpublicinformationgraphicalsignGraphic sign (2.1.2) that conveys information about public places, public facilities (3.4) and service functions (3.7). 2.1.11
roadtrafficsign
Road traffic sign
Sign that conveys road traffic information (2.1.1). 2
Safety signsafetysign
GB/T15565.2—2008
Sign that conveys specific safety information (2.1.1) formed by combining safety symbols with safety colors (2.2.5) and safety shapes (2.2.7). Note: According to the meaning of the signs formed by different combinations of safety colors (2.2.5) and safety shapes (2.2.7), safety signs can be divided into prohibition signs (2.1.12.1), warning signs (2.1.12.2), instruction signs (2.1.12.3), safety condition signs (2.1.12.4) and fire protection facility signs (2.1.12.5). 2.1.12.1
Prohibition sign
prohibition sign
Safety sign prohibiting certain behavior or action (2.1.12). Example: "No fireworks" sign, see Figure 1. 2.1.12.2
Warning sign
warningsign
Safety sign reminding people to pay attention to the surrounding environment and things to avoid potential hazards (2.1.12). Example: "Beware of electric shock" sign, see Figure 5. Figure 5 Example of warning sign
Mandatory sign mandatorysign
Safety sign that forces you to take a certain safety measure or make a certain action (2.1.12). Example: "Must be grounded" sign, see Figure 6. Figure 6 Example of mandatory sign
Safety condition sign safetyconditionsign Safety sign that prompts safe behavior or indicates the location of safety equipment, safety facilities and evacuation routes (4.6) (2.1.12). Example, "Emergency exit" sign, see Figure 7. Garden
Figure 7 Example of safety condition sign
GB/T15565.2—2008
Fire equipment sign fireequipmentsign Safety sign that indicates the location of fire equipment or prompts how to use fire equipment (2.1.12). Example: "Fire extinguisher" sign, see Figure 8. 3 Example of fire equipment sign
Safety marking safetymarking
A mark that makes an object or place conspicuous for safety purposes. Note: It is usually formed by means of safety colors (2.2.5), contrasting colors, luminous materials, separated point light sources, etc. Example: See Figure 9.
Example of safety marking
Environmental information signThe information provided by environmental information sign involves a certain range of graphic signs (2.1.2). Note: For example, the "No Smoking" sign set up in the hall means that smoking is prohibited within the hall. 2.1.15
Partial information sign
Partial information sign
The information provided by partial information sign only involves a graphic sign (2.1.2) for a specific location, equipment or component. Note: For example, the "Beware of Electric Shock" sign set up on electrical equipment means that the warning information of Beware of Electric Shock is only valid for this equipment. 2.2 Sign composition
Border enclosure
Lines of a certain width that form the shape of a sign (2.1.1). Example: See Figure 10.
Background colour
Examples of border, frame and background colour of logo2.2.2
Border
GB/T15565.2-2008
A strip of a certain width around the border (2.2.1) (outer edge) of the logo (2.1.1) in a colour contrasting with the colour of the border (outer edge). Example: See Figure 10.
Background colourbackgroundcolour
Logo (2.1.1) The color used to set off graphic symbols or text. Example: See Figure 10.
Color code
colourcode
A group of colors used to represent specific meanings. 2.2.5
Safety colorsafetycolour
A color with special properties that is given a safety meaning2.2.6
Shape code
shapecode
A group of shapes used to represent specific meanings
Note: Different shapes are often used to represent prohibition, warning, instruction restriction, safety condition (fire protection facilities), etc. 2.2.7
safety shape
Safety shape
A geometric shape given a safety meaning.
Contrast
The difference between the maximum optical density and the minimum optical density in an image. See: positive contrast (2.2.8.1), negative contrast (2.2.8.2) 2.2.8.1
Positive contrast
The contrast formed by using black or dark characters on a white or light background. See: negative contrast (2.2.8.2)
Note: For the term "character", see GB/T 15563, 1. 2.2.8.2
Negative contrast
The contrast formed by using white or light characters on a black or dark background. See: positive contrast (2.2.8.1).
Note: The term "character\ See GB/T15565.1. 2.3 Sign application
Conspicuity
The degree to which a sign (2.1.1) in the field of vision is easier to notice than its background. 2.3.2
Visibility
The degree to which a sign (2.1.1) can be visually perceived under certain distance, light and general weather conditions at a specific time. GB/T15565.2—2008
Detection
The process by which the visual system responds to stimuli that appear in the field of vision. 2.3.4
Observation distance
observation distance
The maximum distance within the observer's field of vision at which the sign (2.1.1) is clear and noticeable to the observer. Example: See Figure 11.
resolution
The observer's visual ability to distinguish details of a figure. 2.3.6
Visual acuity
The observer's ability to clearly see fine details with very small angular separations. 2.3.7
displacement
The vertical distance from the center of the sign (2.1.1) to the normal centerline of the observer's field of vision. Example: See Figure 11.
angleofdisplacement
The angle between the observer's line of sight to the center of the sign (2.1.1) and the normal centerline of the observer's field of vision. Example: See Figure 11.
Viewing angle angle
The angle formed by the plane where the sign (2.1.1) is located and the observer's line of sight. Example: See Figure 11.
Normal center line of visual field
Note: α is the observation angle, l is the observation distance, X is the offset6 is the offset angle. Figure 11 Observation angle, observation distance, offset and offset angle example6
Visual anglevisual angle
The angle formed by the lines connecting the two ends of the longest axis of the observed sign (2.1.1) from the observer's eyes. Example: See Figure 12,
Figure 12 Visual angle example
Sign heightsignheight
GB/T15565.2—2008
The diameter of the sign (2.1.1) with a circular geometric shape or the height of the sign with a rectangular (or triangular) geometric shape2.3.12
Distance factor
factorof distance
The ratio of the viewing distance (1) (2.3.4) to the height of the sign (h) (2.3.11). 2=/h
Apparent sizeapparentsize
The subjective feeling of the size of the sign without considering the actual size of the graphic symbol or the different shapes of the border (2.2.1). Note: Shapes with different geometric sizes can be perceived by the human eye as the same size. For example, when the sizes of a square, an oblique square, a circle, and an equilateral triangle are kept in a ratio of 25:25:28:35, the apparent sizes of the geometric shapes are basically the same. 2.3.14
Brightness contrast
luminance contrast
The ratio of the brightness L of the contrast color in the safety sign (2.1.12) to the brightness L of the safety color (2.2.5), where L is greater than Lz. k=Lr/L2
luminance factor
The ratio of the luminance of the sample surface along a given direction to the luminance of a total reflection or total transmission scatterer under the same lighting conditions. 2.3.16
Retroreflection
Reflection of light in a direction close to the direction of the incident light. 2.3.17
Coefficient of retroreflection
coefficientof retroreflectionR'
<Planar retroreflective surface The luminous intensity (I) of a planar retroreflective material (2.3.22) along the observation direction divided by the product of the illuminance (E') of the retroreflective surface on a plane perpendicular to the incident light and its area (A). R
Photoluminescence
Luminescence caused by the absorption of light radiation.
GB/T15565.2-2008
Phosphorescence
Photoluminescence (2.3.18) delayed by energy stored in an intermediate energy level. 2.3.20
Sign carrier
Material that carries and displays a sign (2.1.1). 2.3.21
Ordinary material
Material that cannot retroreflect (2.3.16) light or emit light. 2.3.22
+retroreflecting material
Retroreflecting material
Material that can only retroreflect (2.3.16) light. 2.3.23
Combined material
Combined material
Material that has the optical properties of both photoluminescent material and retroreflective material (2.3.22). 2.3.24
Internally illuminated sign A sign made of transparent or translucent material, which is displayed through the light source inside or behind the sign carrier (2.3.20). 3 Public information guidance
Public information guidance system public information guidance system A sign system composed of guidance elements (3.2) that guides people to carry out orderly activities in public places. 3.2
Guidance element guidance element
The smallest component with a specific function in a guidance system. Note: In the public information guidance system (3.1), guidance elements mainly include location signs (3.2.1), guidance signs (3.2.2), floor plans (3.2.3), information boards (3.2.4), block guide maps (3.2.5), portable printed materials (3.2.6), etc. 3.2.1
Location sign locationsign
Formed by graphic signs (2.1.2) and/or text signs (2.1.3), a public information graphic sign (2.1.10) used to indicate the location of service facilities (3.6) or service functions (3.7). 3.2.2
Direction sign direction sign
Formed by graphic signs (2.1.2) and/or text signs (2.1.3) and arrow symbols, a public information graphic sign (2.1.10) used to indicate the route to the intended destination. 3.2.3
Layout plan layoutplan
A plan showing the location distribution information of service functions (3.7) or service facilities (3.6) in a specific area or place. 3.2.4
Information boardinformationboard
A sign (2.1.1) showing the location index information of service functions (3.7) or service facilities (3.6) in a specific place or range. 8
Street guidance mapstreetguidancemap
www.bzxz.netGB/T15565.2—2008
A simplified map that provides the main natural geographical information, location distribution information of public facilities (3.4) and guidance information in the street. 3.2.6
Portable printed matterportableprintingmatterGuide information that is easy for users to carry and consult at any time. 3.2.6.1
Function listfunction list
A diagram that provides the main function information of service facilities (3.6) in the form of a list in portable printed matter (3.2.6). 3.2.6.2
locationmap
Location map
A schematic diagram in a portable printed matter (3.2.6) that marks the location of a place or area and provides information about its surrounding environment and traffic: 3.2.6.3
distributionmap
Distribution map
A schematic diagram in a portable printed matter (3.2.6) that provides information about the geographical distribution of a certain type of public facility (3.4) or service facility (3.6). 3.2.6.4
Pathmap
A schematic diagram in a portable printed matter (3.2.6) that provides information about the route from a specific starting point to a destination. 3.3
Instruction sign
A public information graphic sign that restricts certain behaviors of people (2.1.10). Note: For example, the "Please Keep Quiet" sign and the "Do Not Litter" sign. 3.4
Public facilitiespublic facility
Tangible objects and equipment such as buildings and structures provided for public use in a certain place or scope due to public needs. Note: such as elevators, toilets, etc.
Traffic facilitiestraffic facility
Public facilities that provide services for public travel (3.4). Note: such as public tram (steam) stations, railway passenger stations, etc. 3.6
Service facilitiesservicefacility
Public facilities that provide certain services to the public (3.4). Note: such as hospitals, shopping malls, etc.
servicefunction
Service function
Service facilities (3.6) Services provided to the public. Note: such as shopping services, medical services, etc. 3.8
Legendlegend
Description of the symbols, signs or colors with specific meanings used in the figure. 3.9
Observer location observer location
In a plan view (3.2.3) or a block navigation map (3.2.5), the symbolic location of the observer in the map. 9
GB/T15565.2—2008
Node intersection
The intersection of a guidance route with other paths or the change of direction in a guidance system. 3.11
Place name sign placenamesign
A sign indicating the proper name of a geographical entity (2.1.1). 3.12
Guidance line guidanceline
A colored linear mark set on the ground or wall to indicate the direction of the route. 4 Emergency guidance
Emergency guidance system safetywayguidancesystem (SWGS) A guidance system that guides people to evacuate dangerous areas along designated evacuation routes (4.6) in an emergency through emergency guidance elements such as safety signs (2.1.12) and safety markings (2.1.13). 4.2
Emergency guidance line emergencyguidanceline A clear linear mark that marks an evacuation route (4.6) or determines an evacuation path through an open area. 4.3
Emergency exit emergencyexit
A door or passage leading to a safe place in an evacuation route (4.6). 4.4
Final exit final exit
The final emergency exit (4.3) that connects an evacuation route (4.6) to a safe place. 4.5
escapeplan
Escapeplan
A plan providing information such as evacuation routes (4.6) and firefighting facilities to facility users. 4.6
Escaperoute
A safe route leading from any location in the building to the terminal exit (4.4). 4.7
Escaperoutesign
A sign (3.2.2) that guides people along the evacuation route (4.6) to the terminal exit (4.4). 4.8
Traveldistance
The distance from any location in the building to a protected evacuation route (4.6), an external evacuation route or a terminal exit (4.4). 4.9
Assemblyarea
A designated safe area outside the danger zone for evacuees to gather. 4.10
Dead end corridor
Dead end corridor
A corridor or a section of a corridor with only one unidirectional evacuation route (4.6).2—2008
Node intersection
The intersection of a guidance route with other paths or the change of direction in a guidance system. 3.11
Place name sign placenamesign
A sign indicating the proper name of a geographical entity (2.1.1). 3.12
Guidance line guidanceline
A colored linear mark set on the ground or wall to indicate the direction of the route. 4 Emergency guidance
Emergency guidance system safetywayguidancesystem (SWGS) A guidance system that guides people to evacuate a dangerous area along a designated evacuation route (4.6) in an emergency through emergency guidance elements such as safety signs (2.1.12) and safety markings (2.1.13). 4.2
Emergency guidance line emergencyguidanceline A clear linear mark that indicates an evacuation route (4.6) or determines an evacuation path through an open area. 4.3
emergency exit
A door or passage leading to a safe place in an evacuation route (4.6). 4.4
final exit
A final emergency exit (4.3) connecting an evacuation route (4.6) and a safe place. 4.5
escape plan
Evacuation plan
A plan that provides information such as evacuation routes (4.6) and fire-fighting facilities to facility users. 4.6
Escape route escape route
A safe route leading to a final exit (4.4) from any location in a building. 4.7
Escape route sign escape route sign
A guide sign (3.2.2) that guides people along the evacuation route (4.6) to the final exit (4.4). 4.8
traveldistance
The distance from any location in a building to a protected evacuation route (4.6), an external evacuation route or a terminal exit (4.4). 4.9
assemblyarea
A designated safe area outside the danger zone for evacuees to gather. 4.10
Dead end corridor
Dead end corridor
A corridor or a section of a corridor with only one unidirectional evacuation route (4.6). 102—2008
Node intersection
The intersection of a guidance route with other paths or the change of direction in a guidance system. 3.11
Place name sign placenamesign
A sign indicating the proper name of a geographical entity (2.1.1). 3.12
Guidance line guidanceline
A colored linear mark set on the ground or wall to indicate the direction of the route. 4 Emergency guidance
Emergency guidance system safetywayguidancesystem (SWGS) A guidance system that guides people to evacuate a dangerous area along a designated evacuation route (4.6) in an emergency through emergency guidance elements such as safety signs (2.1.12) and safety markings (2.1.13). 4.2
Emergency guidance line emergencyguidanceline A clear linear mark that indicates an evacuation route (4.6) or determines an evacuation path through an open area. 4.3
emergency exit
A door or passage leading to a safe place in an evacuation route (4.6). 4.4
final exit
A final emergency exit (4.3) connecting an evacuation route (4.6) and a safe place. 4.5
escape plan
Evacuation plan
A plan that provides information such as evacuation routes (4.6) and fire-fighting facilities to facility users. 4.6
Escape route escape route
A safe route leading to a final exit (4.4) from any location in a building. 4.7
Escape route sign escape route sign
A guide sign (3.2.2) that guides people along the evacuation route (4.6) to the final exit (4.4). 4.8
traveldistance
The distance from any location in a building to a protected evacuation route (4.6), an external evacuation route or a terminal exit (4.4). 4.9
assemblyarea
A designated safe area outside the danger zone for evacuees to gather. 4.10
Dead end corridor
Dead end corridor
A corridor or a section of a corridor with only one unidirectional evacuation route (4.6). 10
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