Some standard content:
GB/T 17839—1999
To date, there is no version or technical regulation of the standard for determining the warning tide level in China. With the deepening of disaster reduction activities, the determination of the warning tide level along my country's coast is being carried out one after another. The purpose of this standard is to establish the principles for determining the warning tide level, the procedures, methods and technical requirements for determining the warning tide level, so as to establish a unified warning tide level determination system to meet the needs of international technical exchanges. This standard summarizes and draws on the experience of more than 40 ports and shore sections in China in recent years in carrying out the determination of the city tide level, and is formulated with reference to relevant materials and the requirements and technical regulations of related disciplines. This standard shall be implemented from February 1, 2000. From the date of implementation, the determination of the warning tide level shall comply with the provisions of this standard. Appendices A and B of this standard are all appendices to the standard. Appendix C of this standard is a reminder appendix.
This standard is proposed by the State Oceanic Administration, and
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Center for Marine Standards and Metrology. The drafting unit of this standard is the East China Sea Branch of the State Oceanic Administration. The main drafters of this standard are Huang Chunlin, Yan Guotai, Weng Guangming, Huang Deyin, Wu Changxie and Hu Debao. The State Oceanic Administration is responsible for the interpretation of this standard. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
The methods uf determining for the warning tidal level
The methods uf determining for the warning tidal level GB/T 178391999
This standard establishes the principles for determining the warning tidal level. It stipulates the procedures, methods and technical requirements for determining the warning tidal level. This standard is applicable to the determination of the warning tidal level at the coasts of the mainland and islands and at the estuaries of rivers entering the sea. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the version shown is valid, and all standards will be revised. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards: GB/T77131S87 Format for scientific and technical reports, degree theses and academic papers GJ312898-1991 National third and fourth grade leveling specifications GB/T14914-1994 Seashore observation specifications
3 General
3.1 Definition
This standard adopts the following definition.
Warning tidal level warning tidal level
A tidal level value. When the tidal level reaches this given value, dangerous conditions may occur along the coast of the anti-expansion zone, and a state of alert must be entered to prevent the occurrence of tidal disasters. bZxz.net
3.2 The unified procedures, methods and technical requirements for the verification of warning tide levels on the day of the 2017-08-18
unified the verification of warning tide levels, and put the verification of warning tide levels on a scientific, standardized and institutionalized track. 3.3 Basic principles
3.3.1 Respect the objective laws of natural factors causing disasters. The verification of warning tide levels should be based on ocean hydrological and meteorological data such as tides, and on the laws and points of occurrence of tidal ash dominated by wind and tides, and respect the objective laws of natural factors causing disasters.
3.3.2 Based on actual defense capabilities
The verification of warning tide levels should be based on the current status of coastal projects and the overall actual defense capabilities. 3.3.3 Comprehensive consideration of various factors
The determination of warning tide levels should focus on important shore sections, while taking into account general shore sections; for particularly important shore sections, warning tide levels different from those of other shore sections can be formulated. In the process of determining warning tide levels, it is necessary to consider the planning and development of developed areas as well as the planning and development of undeveloped areas, and to have a certain degree of foresight.
3.4 Basic requirements
3.4.1 Tide data
For the shore section where the warning tide level is determined, there should be tide data available for analysis. Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on August 10, 1999 and implemented on February 1, 2000
GB/T 178391999
For the lack of tide data, tide observation points should be set up for observation in accordance with the requirements of 8.3 and 1.2 of G13/1149141994. The shortest sequence of observation data should be a complete month, and it should be compared and analyzed with the data of long-term tide stations with similar tidal properties. 3.4.2 Unified datum
The tidal data, ground, landforms and other elevations used for the determination of warning tide levels, as well as the warning tide levels, should be converted to unified datums, and the relationship between the datum used and the 1985 National Height Datum should be marked. 3.4.3 Data used
The source and origin of the literature and reference materials used in the determination of the tide level should be indicated; the extreme values quoted should be verified. 3.4.4 Re-determination of the warning and mitigation level
If the adjusted tide level is not suitable for tide prevention and disaster reduction, it shall be re-determined. 3.5 General provisions
3.5.1 Division of shore segments
Division of shore segments. Note: The division of shore segments shall be determined after comprehensive analysis of the population, economy, and technology concentration in the warning and protection area and the degree of impact on the local society and economy:
n) Important shore segments: shore segments with relatively dense population, economy, and technology and with a relatively large impact on the local society and economy; h) Specially important shore segments: shore segments with dense population, economy, and technology and with a significant impact on the local society and economy; c) General shore segments: other shore segments other than the above. 3.5.2 Early section elevation
3.5.2.1 If the elevation of the fifth section is unknown, fourth-order leveling measurement should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of 6th section of CB128981991 to obtain the shore elevation data. 3.5.2.2 If the elevation of the general shore section is unknown, the sea water can be measured intermittently with the nearby tide gauge station to obtain the shore elevation data. 3.5.2.3 The setting of level points and leveling of tide gauge stations used for tidal data verification shall comply with the technical requirements specified in 8.4 of GB/T14514-1994.
3.5.3 Units of warning tide level
The units of warning tide level are centimeters (cm), rounded to the nearest whole number. 4 Collection and collation of data
4.1 Meaning of data
The data for warning tide level verification include the data required for analysis, calculation and background of warning tide level verification, as well as the materials required for establishing the verification process, method and technical requirements of warning tide level. 4.2 Basic items and contents
The data required for warning tide level verification are relatively extensive, and the content of data collection strives to be comprehensive and detailed. The basic data items to be collected are shown in Table 1.
4.3 Requirements
4.3.1 Make a plan
Before collecting data, a plan should be made. Draw up an outline. It is recommended to make a table to clarify the specific items and details of the data collection. 4.3.2 Data transcription
When collecting data, the handwriting must be clear and the numbers must be accurate. The transcribed data must be signed by the transcriber and proofreader. When transcribing the semi-finished data that has been sorted and processed, its reliability should be analyzed. 4.3.3 Investigation
When conducting an investigation, a record should be kept on the spot. The year, month, day of the investigation and the name of the interviewee should be noted on the investigation materials. The interviewee and the interviewee should sign.
4.3.4 Data sequence
The time series of tide method data is required to be as long as possible from the year before the station was established to the year before the verification work. The time series of other data is also required to be as long as possible, natural factors
Prevention capacity
Social economy
4.4 Sorting
Weather, strong cold and narrow weather
Shoal avoidance and prevention and control
Surface, objects
Current warning tide level
4.4.1 Review
GB/T 17839-1999
Table! "Basic data list
Data name
Tide city base discharge surface and its national elevation base beach of the United States 1 Tide type, daily hourly tide height and high and low, monthly flat sea level, flat tidal range, maximum tidal range, highest tidal level and the time of occurrence of tidal special enterprise values, temporary station hourly tide height, annual high and low tide tropical, warm air condensation unique cold air activity time, degree, path, affecting the country tropical cyclone landing point, etc.
Increase in water (time, increase in water detection) British people increase in water and the occurrence of Sichuan: historical industry type wind The average wave height, maximum wave height and period of occurrence of storm tides in each area; the average wave height, maximum wave height and historical records of earthquakes and seas. (River mouth section> precipitation during the occurrence of tidal disasters, duration, average and maximum precipitation during the tidal disaster process, total flood flow, current period
Construction time, design standard, height, width, structure, construction status and current status, name, elevation, distribution
Establishment time, method, data, use status, historical information, triggering factors, intensity, affected area and population, building losses, personnel! : economic losses, occurrence of random shore sections, etc. 1 density and its distribution and 1 distribution of important enterprises and institutions: social development, economic system status; development regulations The collected data should be reviewed one by one, and any suspicious errors must be verified and identified. 4.4.2 Statistical methods
The data collected should be statistically analyzed using the statistical method 4.4.3 Summary
Classify and summarize the collected data, and make a table of contents. 5 Statistics and analysis of data
5.1 Basic content
5. 1. 1 Tide
5.1.1.1 Statistics and analysis of measured tidal data! 1) Statistics and analysis of the average sea level month by month and year by year and the basic law of changes; 2) Statistics and analysis of the highest tidal level and its occurrence time month by month and year by year; 3) Statistics and analysis of the average tidal range and the maximum tidal range in each year; 4) Calculation of the high tide level recurrence period, see Appendix A (Appendix to the standard). 5.1.1.2 Calculation and analysis of tidal characteristics
a) Use complete one-year or multi-year data to calculate the harmonic constants and tidal properties and characteristic values; 5) Calculation of the theoretically possible highest tidal level value, see Appendix B (Appendix to the standard). 5.1.2 Water surge
5.1.2.1 Separation of water surge: obtained by subtracting the astronomical position from the measured tide level. 5.1.2.2 Analysis of typical storm surge cases: analysis of its causes, laws, etc. 5.1.2.3 Current frequency statistics of water surge
Current situation data
Recent situation
GB/T 178391999
) Count the number of times the water level rises by 50cm, and analyze the characteristics of the new water level: b) Count the number of times each water level rises by 50cm, 100cm, 150cm1. to 200m, and the number of times in year and month, and analyze the characteristics of each level of water increase; for the shore section with a smaller water increase, the water increase level can be appropriately increased. 5.1.3 Current warning tide level
) The number of times the current warning residual tide level is exceeded, and the number of times in year and month; h) The number of times the current warning tide level is exceeded, the distribution and maximum value: 5.1.4 Tide disasters
a) Count the total number of actual occurrences, the annual average, the maximum number of times per year, and the maximum number of times per year and month; b) Statistics on losses from previous tidal disasters:
) Count the causes, characteristics and vulnerable shore sections of new tidal disasters. 5.1.5 Coastal Protection Process
Coastal Protection 1. During the process, the top distance, width, structure, construction time, design defense standards and previous damage situations, settlement conditions, combined with tides, population and economic changes in the wave protection area are comprehensively analyzed to evaluate their actual defense capabilities. 5.1.6 Comprehensive Analysis
Comprehensively analyze the interrelationships, functions and impacts of natural factors, defense capabilities, tide conditions and social economy. 5.2 Requirements
5.2.1 Statistical review
The whole process of data statistics (including input, statistical methods, calculation process and results, etc.) shall be reviewed and signed by a second person. 5.2.2 Illustrations
5.2.2.1 Design rules for result display tablesa) It should be a horizontal rectangular, closed type
h) The table numbers should be arranged in Arabic numerals in the order of appearance;) The titles (including horizontal and vertical titles) should be concise and coherent; d) The units of measurement should be marked at the top of the table, below the vertical title or after the horizontal title;) The serial numbers of the notes in the table should be in small Arabic numerals and placed in parentheses in the upper right corner of the marked pair; f) The abbreviations and symbols in the table should be consistent with the text. 5.2.2.2 Design rules for nesting product diagrams: a) The diagrams should be designed according to the requirements of science, practicality and aesthetics; b) The serial numbers of the diagrams (including curve diagrams, block diagrams, schematic diagrams, photos, etc.) should be arranged in Arabic numerals in order; c) The diagram name should be clearly stated on the right, together with the diagram number, below the diagram; d) The vertical and horizontal axes should be marked with "quantity, standard symbols and units". 5. 2. 3 The units and symbols of the results of the single system should comply with the relevant laws and standards of the country. 5.2.4 Accuracy The accuracy of the statistical results is shown in Table 2. Table 2 Statistical accuracy of data, Tide level. Rise value Wave height [Quantity] [Unit] [Symbol] [Centimeter]: m [Telemetry] In total, nm
this meter per sand m/s
who is sure
agricultural area
population density
number of times, individual effect
tide fire economic loss
warning tide level formulation
6.1 Gongwu
warning tide level is formulated by the following formula
where: H——warning tide level value, cm;
GR/T 178391999
Table 2 (end)
Unit (symbol)
Half square kilometer.km
Wannan Drum public item
People per square kilometer, person/km
Desire, individual
Kilometer, km
H:H,—AH
High tide level with a recurrence period of not less than one year, cmAH-corrected, cni.
Proposed correction value
Androalkalinity
Combined 6.3 Verification
Verification method: Statistical analysis of past tidal disasters and corresponding tidal heights to determine whether the proposed value is appropriate. 6.4 Solicitation of opinions
Opinions of relevant departments should be sought after the proposed warning tide level. Preparation of technical report
7.1 The main body of the technical report on the determination of the warning tide level should include: The following contents are included: an overview of the natural environment, distribution of approved shore sections and elevations, the economic situation and development plan of the protection zone; tidal types are shown in Appendix C (the appendix to be provided), tidal rules and characteristics, tidal height datum, and elevation relationships: the laws and points of storm surges, typical storm surge cases, laws, characteristics, and losses of tidal disasters: the time, method, basis, value, and use of the original warning tide level; the investigation, division, and evaluation of the existing tide-proof capacity; the method and basis for determining the warning position of this water , value, proofreading: conclusion and discussion.
7.2 Format
The format of technical report writing shall refer to the requirements of GB/T7713. 1
Acceptance and promulgation
B.1 Summary
GB/T17839—1999
In addition to the technical report, the verification of warning tide level shall have a written work summary report. 8.2 Acceptance
The technical achievement report of the verification of warning tide level shall be evaluated by the expert group and then accepted by the entrusted unit. 3 Archiving
After the verification of the warning tide level is completed, it should be filed and issued in a timely manner in accordance with relevant national regulations.
After the warning tide level review and acceptance is passed, it should be reported to the local county or above people's government for promulgation and implementation. GB/T 178391999
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Calculation method of high tide recurrence period
To determine the high tide recurrence period, when analyzing the annual frequency of high tide, it is generally required to have at least twenty consecutive years of annual maximum tide level measured data, and the special tide levels that have occurred in history should be checked and verified. In calculating the high tide return period at the river estuary, in addition to using the first extreme value distribution law, the Pearson curve can also be used to obtain the first extreme value distribution law and its related methods. A1.1 Calculation method of the first extreme value distribution law: Assuming that there are n annual maximum tide values, then:
- the high tide value corresponding to the annual frequency, m
In the formula: r-
i. The coefficients related to the annual frequency p and the number of data years are shown in Table A1; the average value of h years h, is =
annual average variance. That is, $
, cm.
(Al)
The theoretical frequency curve of high tide should be drawn on the probability grid paper at different times; at the same time, the empirical frequency points should be drawn to check the degree of fit between the theoretical frequency curve and it. Among the items arranged in descending order, the empirical prediction rate of the mth item is calculated as follows: +=,*-×100%
The relationship between the recurrence T (year) and the annual frequency (%) is: Tr —100/p
A1.2 If, in addition to the original \-year tidal data, the values of the extremely high tide levels that have occurred in the historical N years are obtained through investigation, the following reverse calculation is used instead:
h,=t+as
Wherein:
The coefficient found in Table A1 when the number of years is equal to N; .
(A4)
(A5)
GR/T178391999
The empirical prediction rate of extremely large tides ±×100%
Other empirical points are still calculated using formula (A2). \(AB)
A1.3 For the segment with the highest measured level for at least ten consecutive times (approved station), the high tide level recurrence period can be calculated by an approximate method, that is, the extreme value synchronous data ratio method can be used to perform step correlation analysis with the nearby station with at least two consecutive years of data (called reference station) to obtain the difference ratio between the two stations to be calculated. The two stations should have similar tidal characteristics, be close to the geographical arm, and be affected by the river flow rate (including juice period) and the similarity of the increase and decrease of water shadows. The calculation formula of the extreme value synchronous difference ratio method is: where!hxh.y
RynnA)
are the bright tide levels of the reference station and the verified station for two years, respectively; m: [AS′
Rx, R?-· are the differences between the mean of the highest tide levels of the reference station and the verified station in the same period of each year and the average sea level, respectively. Ax.Ay
A1.4 is the average sea level of the reference station and the verified station, respectively. The high tide recurrence period of the high tide level is calculated by the following approximate method:
A1.4. Use two stations on the left and right that are adjacent to the verified station and have data for more than 20 consecutive years (called reference stations). Use interpolation to calculate the tidal level value H of the high tide recurrence period.
A1.4.2 Use the short-term measured data of the verified station and the data of the reference station in the same period to analyze the sea level, tidal range, etc., and obtain the relevant relationship, and compare it with the H calculated in A1.4.1. Carry out comparison and calibration, and adjust HA2 Pearson curve and related methods as appropriate
A2.1 Pearson II type curve calculation method: The average value of the highest tide in the year is and the deviation coefficient (, calculated according to the following formula: This
To draw the Pearson curve, the assumed / value can be included (-2.3, 4 are the deviation coefficients), and the variable K value corresponding to different frequencies can be found from Table A2, and converted to the variable h value corresponding to a certain frequency according to, =. Plot the points of each group of P and, corresponding to different (, on the probability grid paper for selection: If necessary (, the value can also be adjusted), and select the theoretical frequency curve that best matches the empirical frequency point to determine the design tide level with different recurrence periods. Among the variables h: arranged in descending order, the first shift frequency force is calculated according to formula (A2). The relationship between the recurrence period T [year) horse year frequency force (%)) is shown in formula (A3).
A2.2 If, in addition to the original annual tidal data, special days that have occurred in the past N years are obtained based on calculations and investigations, then the calculation formula (A5) is used to calculate the deviation coefficient: C
The calculation formula of the empirical frequency is similar to formulas (A7) and (A8)Year1
GB/T 17839—1999
Table of the second type extreme value distribution law
GB/T178391999
Table AI (continued)
-- 0. 1+1
—0, 116
— 0. 117
-- 0- 1ai2
— 0.162
—- 16-
- 0. 16-1
— 0. 737
--1. 3.31
—1. 299
1- 263
—1. 28:
—1. 212
.-1,158
—1. 131
2, 123
GB/T 17839
Table A1)
-- 1. 923
.1.769
: No. 1.7
—1. 553
—1:65
—1. 866
-1- 885
—1. 832
:- 2. 311
— 2. 1 52
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