GB 17352-1998 Rearview mirrors for motorcycles and mopeds and their installation requirements
Some standard content:
GB17352--1998
This standard is formulated in accordance with the United Nations Economic and Technical Commission for Europe Regulation No. 81 "Uniform provisions for the certification of rearview mirrors and rearview mirrors installed on the handlebars of two-wheeled motor vehicles with or without sidecars" (1989 edition). The technical content of this standard is equivalent to the content of ECE Regulation No. 81; the test method of reflectivity is equivalent to ISO5740 "Road vehicles-Rearview mirrors-Test method for measuring reflectivity" standard, so when drafting this part of the content, ISO57401982--02-15 second edition) standard was directly adopted. In combination with the actual situation in my country, this standard has made some adjustments in terms of size requirements, technical requirements and installation requirements. In terms of writing rules, it follows the requirements of GB/T1.1-1993 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Unit 1: Rules for Drafting and Expression of Standards Part Basic Provisions for Standard Writing". Appendix A of this standard is the appendix of the standard. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Automobile Standardization. The drafting unit of this standard is Shanghai Motorcycle Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard is Huang Wei.
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Motorcycles and mopeds
Rear-view mirrors and their installation requirements
Motorcycles and mopeds rear-view-mirrorsrequirement of performance and installationGB17352—1998
This standard specifies the definition, size requirements, technical requirements, test methods and installation requirements for motorcycle rear-view mirrors. This standard applies to rear-view mirrors and their installation for motorcycles and mopeds, excluding racing cars and off-road vehicles. 2 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
2.1 Rear-view mirror
A device composed of components such as a reflector, a retaining part, and a mounting part (including a buffer device) that can provide a clear rear view. 2.2 Convex mirror
A mirror with a curved reflecting surface, the shape of which is a portion of the outer surface of a sphere. 2.3 Radius of curvature r
The average value of the radius of curvature measured on the reflecting surface in accordance with the method specified in 6.2. 2.4 The basic radius of curvature of the reflecting surface r (or) measured on the reflecting surface circle by the method specified in 6.2 on a parallel plane passing through the center of the mirror and perpendicular to the maximum diameter of the mirror. 2.5 The radius of curvature of a point on the reflecting surface r
The arithmetic mean of the sum of the basic radii of curvature of the reflecting surface. 2.6 Center of mirror
The geometric center of the visible area on the reflecting mirror. 2.7 CIE standard illuminant A1
Chromatic illuminant, representing the total radiator at a temperature of T-2855.6K. 2.8 CIE standard illuminant A1
A gas-filled tungsten filament lamp operating at a correlated color temperature of T6s-2855.6K. 2.9 C1931 Standard Colorimeter 1
Radiation receptor, whose chromaticity characteristics are equivalent to the spectral tristimulus values X (>), Y (λ), Z (a) adopted by the International Commission on Illumination in 1931 [see 2.10 and Appendix A (Standard Appendix)]. 2.10 CIE spectral tristimulus values #
The tristimulus values of each spectral component of the CIE (XYZ) system of equal energy spectrum. 1) Definition Extracted from CIE (International Commission on Illumination) Bulletin 50 (45) International Electronic Exchange, Group 45: Lighting. Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on May 6, 1998 and implemented on January 1, 1999
1 Previously it was the CIE distribution coefficient.
GB17352--1998
2 In the C1E1931 standard colorimetric system, which is applicable to the visual field subtended by angles between 1° and 4° (0.017 and 0.07 radians), the tristimulus values Z(A), Y(A), and Z(A) must be determined under the same conditions as the spectral luminous efficiency V(Λ) (see Appendix A). 2.11 Biden vision
The vision of the normal human eye when adapted to a minimum luminance level of several candela per square meter. Note: Under these conditions, the retinal cone cells are the main sensitive elements and present colors. 2.12 Reflectivity
The ratio of the reflected luminous flux to the incident light energy (P). Note: When there is a mixed reflectivity, the total reflectivity can be divided into two parts, the normal reflectivity (P.) and the diffuse reflectivity (Pa), and the equation is written as: P=Pr+Pa.
3 Dimensional requirements
3.1 The minimum size of the reflective surface shall be:
3.1.1 The area shall not be less than 69cm2.
3.1.2 When the mirror is circular, its diameter shall not be less than 94mm. 3.1.3 When the mirror is non-circular, its size shall allow a circle with an outer diameter of 78mm to be inscribed on the reflective surface. 3.2 The maximum size of the reflective surface shall be:
3.2.1 When the mirror is circular, its diameter shall not be greater than 150mm. 3.2.2 When the mirror is non-circular, its reflective surface can be installed in a rectangle of 120mm×200mm. 3.3 The radius of curvature of the reflective surface shall not be less than 800mm and not greater than 1500mm. 4 Technical requirements
4.1 The rearview mirror must be able to adjust its direction.
4.2 The support rod of the rearview mirror shall be a solid structure that is resistant to micro-vibration. 4.3 The reflector glass of the rearview mirror shall be made of safety glass, and its reflective surface shall be spherically convex. 4.4 The edge of the reflective surface shall be wrapped in the retaining part, and the radius of curvature of all points on the periphery of the retaining part (regardless of direction) must not be less than 2.5mm. If part of the reflective surface protrudes outside the retaining part, the radius of curvature of the protruding part shall not be less than 2.5mm, and when a force of 50N is applied to the protruding part of the mirror surface, the reflective surface shall be contained in the retaining part. The force shall be parallel to the longitudinal center plane of the vehicle and applied horizontally to the point where the reflective surface protrudes the farthest from the retaining part. 4.5 The rearview mirror is installed on a flat surface. After the impact test according to the method of 7.2, the parts of the rearview mirror that can be touched by a ball with a diameter of 100mm, including the parts connected to the support, shall not have a radius of curvature less than 2.5mm regardless of their adjustment position. 4.6 If the edges of the fixing holes or recesses with a width of less than 12mm are rounded, the requirements of Article 4.5 can be exempted. 4.7 If the hardness of the rearview mirror parts is lower than Shore A60, the requirements of 4.5 and 4.6 above can be exempted. 4.8 The reflectivity value of the reflective surface measured by the method specified in 5.2 shall not be less than 40%. If the rearview mirror has two working positions (daytime and nighttime), the reflectivity of the nighttime working position shall not be less than 4%. 4.9 When the rearview mirror is exposed to the atmosphere for a long time and used normally, its reflective surface shall be able to meet the reflectivity value specified in 4.8. 4.10 The difference between the curve radius (rp1, p2 and rps) and r at any point on the convex mirror shall not exceed 0.15r. 4.11 At each basic point r; or the difference between r and r shall not exceed 0.15r. 4.12 For rearview mirrors with parts hardness not less than Shore A60, impact tests shall also be carried out. 4.13 Rearview mirrors that have undergone impact tests and bending tests shall not break, except in the following circumstances. 4.13.1 The reflector is partially separated from the holding part, but the crack does not exceed 2.5mm on both sides. The reflector fragments should remain adhered or firmly connected to the holding part on the surface.
GB17352-1998
4.13.2 At the impact point, small fragments are allowed to separate from the rearview mirror surface. 5 Determination of reflectivity
5.1 Test instrument and test requirements
5.1.1 Overview
The test instrument consists of a light source, a sample fixture, a reflectometer with a light detector and an indicating instrument (see Figure 1), and a device to eliminate the effect of extraneous light. The reflectometer in Figure 1 measures the regular component of reflectivity. The reflectometer can be equipped with a focusing ball to measure the reflectivity of non-planar (convex) mirrors (see Figure 2). In this way, the reflectometer measures the total reflectivity, that is, the sum of the regular and diffuse components. 5.1.2 Spectral characteristics of light source and reflectometer
The light source shall consist of a CIE standard illuminant A and a lens sheet combined to form a nearly parallel light beam. A regulated power supply shall be used to keep the voltage of the light source constant during the operation of the instrument. The reflectometer shall be equipped with a light detector whose spectral response is proportional to the photopic brightness function of the CIE (1931) standard colorimeter (see Appendix A). Other illuminant-filter-receptor combinations may also be used, but their effect shall be completely equivalent to CIE standard illuminant A and daylight vision. If a focusing sphere is used in the reflectometer, the inner surface of the sphere shall be coated with a matte (diffuse) white coating that is not spectrally selective.
5.1.3 Geometric conditions
The incident angle of the light beam (0.) should be 25° ± 5° (0.44 ± 0.09 radians) from the perpendicular to the test surface and should not exceed the upper tolerance limit (30° or 0.53 radians). The angle (8) made by the axis of the receptor and the perpendicular should be equal to the angle of incidence of the light (see Figure 1). The diameter of the incident beam on the test mirror surface should be not less than 19 mm. The area covered by the reflected beam on the photodetector should be less than the photosensitive area of the photodetector, but this area should not be less than 50% of the photosensitive area and should be as close as possible to the area range used when calibrating the instrument (if the beam width is the same as the photosensitive area, vignetting problems may occur). When the condenser is used for a reflectometer, the minimum diameter of the sphere should be 127 mm. The incident beam aperture of the specimen and the sphere should be sized to accommodate the entire incident and reflected beam. The photodetector should be mounted so that it cannot receive direct light from the incident or reflected beam and should be shielded so that it is not affected by any scattered light that may pass directly from the specimen (see Figure 2). Instrument with adjustment mechanism
Reflectivity
Zero adjustment
Specimen fixture
Light source and collimator
Position of photoreceptor during measurement andbZxz.net
"indirect\calibration
Calibration adjustment
Position of receptor support arm during
"direct" calibration
Figure 1 shows the geometrical characteristics of the integrated reflectometer 493 for the two calibration methods
Light source and collimator
GB 17352 1998
Zero adjustment
Photodetector
Shade
Sample fixture
Instrument with adjustment mechanism
Reflectivity
Figure 2 Integrated reflectometer with light-collecting ball installed in the receiver 5.1.4 Calibration and adjustment of electrical characteristics of photodetector-indicator system
The output of the photodetector read on the indicating instrument shall be a linear function of the light intensity on the photosensitive area. To facilitate zero adjustment and calibration, optical or optical-electrical combined devices may be used, but such devices shall not affect the linear or spectral characteristics of the instrument. The accuracy of the receptor-indicator system shall be within ±2% of full scale or ±10% of the reading value, whichever is smaller. 5.1.5 Sample fixture
The mechanism should facilitate the installation of the sample so that the axis of the light source support arm and the axis of the receptor support arm intersect at the main reflecting surface. The reflecting surface can be in the middle of the lens or on any surface of the lens, depending on whether it is an inner mirror, an outer mirror or a prismatic mirror. 5.2 Measurement method
5.2.1 Direct calibration method
In the direct calibration method, the incident light beam is used as a reference standard. This method is suitable for instruments that are structurally allowed to move the receptor into the optical path of the light source and then calibrate at 100% of the full scale. In some cases (for example, when measuring (When measuring reflective surfaces with low reflectivity, consider using an intermediate calibration point (between 0 and 100% on the scale). In this case, a neutral density filter of known transmittance should be inserted into the light path and the calibration control adjusted until the reading is the percentage transmittance of the neutral density filter. This filter should be removed before measuring on the sample. 5.2.2 Indirect calibration method
The indirect calibration method is applicable to instruments with fixed light source and sensor geometry, and requires a reference standard that is strictly calibrated and maintains a constant reflectivity. This reference standard is preferably a plane mirror with a reflectivity value close to that of the sample. 5.2.3 Measurement of plane mirrors||tt| |The reflectivity of the plane mirror sample is measured on the instrument using direct or indirect calibration methods. The reflectivity value is read directly on the indicating instrument. 5.2.4 Measurement of non-plane mirrors (convex surfaces)
The reflectivity of non-plane mirrors needs to be measured using an instrument equipped with a focusing ball (see Figure 2). If a reference standard mirror of an E% reflector is used, the indicating instrument of the instrument indicates nE grids, then when measuring a sample of unknown reflection, nx grids will represent a reflectivity of X%, and the formula is shown in formula (1):
Where: X-reflectivity of the test mirror, %;
. (1)
EReflectivity of the reference standard, %;
GB 17352 - 1998
n—-the scale value of the reference standard on the indicating instrument; nx
The scale value of the test mirror on the indicating instrument.
6 Determination of the radius of curvature of the reflecting surface of the rearview mirror 6.1 Measuring instrument
Three-point linear spherical curvature meter, consisting of two external fixed supports 31.62±0.05mm apart and an internal movable column at the midpoint. The spherical curvature meter has a dry scale that can be calibrated with an accuracy of 0.002mm and reads zero on the plane (see Figure 3). Indicating instrument
31.62±0.05
31.62±0.05
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the measuring device for the radius of curvature of the reflecting surface 6.2 Measurement of the radius of curvature r
Moving contact
6.2.1 The basic radius of curvature r (or) should be measured at three points. These three points should be taken as far as possible in the plane passing through the center of the mirror and parallel to the maximum dimension of the mirror. The distance should be the inches, ≠ and signs of the full length. 6.2.2 If the measurement cannot be carried out according to the method specified in 6.2.1 due to the size of the mirror, the measurement can be carried out in two mutually perpendicular directions and as close to the above-specified points as possible. 6.2.3 The radius of curvature rp of a point on the reflecting surface is calculated using formula (2): rpi
where: rp: - the radius of curvature of the ith point, mm; ri,ry -
the basic radius of curvature measured at the ith point, in two mutually perpendicular directions, mm. 6.2.4 The radius of curvature of the reflectivity r is calculated using formula (3): · (2)
Where: r is the radius of curvature of the reflecting surface, mm; rpi
GB17352-1998
is the radius of curvature of the i-th measuring point, mm, i=1～3. 7 Impact test
7.1 Test equipment
(3)
The test equipment shall include a pendulum, a support, and a device for measuring the maximum angle of the pendulum arm in the release plane (see Figure 4). 7.1.1 The pendulum shall be able to swing around two mutually perpendicular horizontal axes, one of which is perpendicular to the front plane containing the pendulum release trajectory. A rigid ball shall be installed at the top of the pendulum. The diameter of the rigid ball is 165±1 mm, and its surface is covered with a rubber protective layer with a thickness of 5 mm and a Shore hardness of A50. The impact center of the pendulum shall coincide with the center of the sphere of the rigid ball. The distance from the pendulum axis to the impact center is m=1m±5mm. The mass of the pendulum converted to the impact center is m==6.8kg±0.05kg. The distance between the pendulum mass center and the axis of its rotation axis is d, and its relationship can be expressed in the form of formula (4): d
m. = m
wherein: ma-
the mass of the pendulum converted to the impact center, kg, the mass of the pendulum, kg;
d-the distance between the pendulum mass center and the axis of the rotation axis, mm, the distance between the pendulum mass center and the axis of the rotation axis, m. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the impact test bench
· (4)
Load mass starting from 25k
G17352 - 1998
Mirror holding
Clamping mechanism
Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the bending test bench
Adjustable stop
Adjustable support
7.1.2 The support shall be firmly fixed to the structure supporting the pendulum and capable of fixing the sample in accordance with the impact requirements of Article 7.2. 7.2 Impact test method
7.2.1 Positioning of rearview mirror
When the rearview mirror is fixed to the pendulum impact test bench, its horizontal and vertical coordinate axis system shall be similar to that when it is installed on the vehicle. If the rearview mirror is adjustable relative to the support, the rearview mirror shall be in a position that is not conducive to rotation and the distance between the holding part and the support shall be the shortest. If the mirror is adjustable relative to the retaining part, the upper corner of the mirror farthest from the vehicle should be in the most convex position. When the pendulum is in the vertical position, the horizontal and vertical planes passing through the center of the pendulum should pass through the center of the mirror. The longitudinal plane of the pendulum's swing should be parallel to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle. When the rear-view mirror components in the above position restrict the resetting of the pendulum, the impact point should be able to move in a direction perpendicular to or along the axis of rotation (such a device should be included in the test equipment). The contact point of the pendulum chain is at least 10 mm away from the edge of the reflecting surface. 7.2.2 The falling height of the pendulum
The falling height of the pendulum is equivalent to the pendulum being at an angle of 60° to the vertical direction. When the pendulum reaches the vertical position, the pendulum hits the rear-view mirror. 7.2.3 The impact point of the pendulum
a) hits the rear-view mirror on the side of the reflecting surface, b) hits the rear-view mirror on the back of the reflecting surface. 8 Bending test
This test is only carried out on the retaining part fixed to the mounting part. 8.1Fix the mounting part of the rearview mirror firmly on the support. Clamp the holding part horizontally with a locking mechanism through the connection between the holding part and the mounting part of the rearview mirror. In the direction of the maximum dimension of the holding device, fix the end of the holding part closest to the connection through a 15mm wide fixed step covering the entire width of the mirror. Place a stopper identical to the above step on the other end. The specified load can be applied to the stopper (see Figure 5).
8.2Put the holding part in a horizontal position and apply a load of 2.5kg to the stopper for 60s. 9Installation requirements
9.1At least two rearview mirrors shall be installed on the motorcycle, one on each side of the longitudinal center plane of the motorcycle. 9.2After the rearview mirror is installed on the vehicle, it shall remain stable under normal use. 9.3When the handlebars are perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane of the motorcycle and the rearview mirror is adjusted to the normal position, the center of the reflective surface shall be at least 280mm away from the longitudinal center plane of the motorcycle.
9.4 In the normal driving position, the driver should be able to adjust the rearview mirror and clearly observe objects within a 4m wide range 10m behind the rear end of the vehicle.
GB 17352 - 1998
Appendix A
(Standard Appendix)
Spectral tristimulus values of CIE1931 standard colorimeter [This table is extracted from IEC Publication 50 (45) (1970) Table A1
*Changed in 1966 (3 to 2).
GB17352-1998
Table A1 (End)
# Deleted table. Y(A)=V(>) Each value is rounded to four decimal places z(a)
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