Code for assessment of design technology of lightning protection system
Some standard content:
Meteorological Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Code for Assessment of Design Technology of Lightning Protection System
Issuing Department
Meteorological Bureau
People's Republic of China
Meteorological Industry Standard
Code for Assessment of Design Technology of Lightning Protection System
QXT1062009
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Normative reference documents
Terms and definitions
Lightning current parameters
Composition of lightning current
Selection of lightning current for general construction projects: Lightning current for key projects, large projects and explosive hazardous environments Lightning protection zones·
Division of lightning protection zones
Equipotential of lightning protection zones
Examples of lightning protection zone zoning….
Classification of lightning protection for buildings..
Classification principles of lightning protection for buildings…
Class I lightning protection
Class II lightning protection.
6.4Class III lightning protection.
Electronic system protection level
Principles for classification of lightning protection levels for electronic systems
Determine the protection level based on the system lightning risk assessment value: Determine the protection level based on the importance and use nature of the system Grounding device
General provisions for grounding devices.
Grounding resistance of grounding devices.
Natural grounding device:
Basic lightning protection grid
Grounding device resistance test terminal
Safety distance of grounding device.
Artificial grounding device
Grounding device connection
Lightning protection for core tube of high-rise building
Down conductor:bZxz.net
Equalizing ring
Lightning terminal
11.1 General provisions for lightning terminals
11.2 Requirements for lightning terminals
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Equipotential connection in lightning protection zone
Connection of total equipotential and auxiliary equipotential
Equipotential connection of electronic system Connection
Surge protector SPD
General requirements for power supply SPD
Signal SPD
Electronic system
Lightning electromagnetic pulse protection for electronic system roomSafe distance for electronic system and its pipelines
Pipeline laying for electronic system
Grounding form of electronic system
Electronic system static electricity and magnetic field interference
Integrated wiring system
Automobile gas station
Mobile base station
Mobile communication base station power supply system
Tower Lightning protection and grounding
Lightning protection and grounding of antenna and feeder systems
Joint grounding system of mobile communication base stations
Grounding wire system
19.6 Grounding resistance
Bridge lightning protection
Bridge equipotential connection and lightning induction protection
20.3 Lightning protection of bridge ancillary facilities and toll stations
21 Rail transit
Lightning protection of rail transit system buildings
Grounding of communication equipment
21.3 Lightning protection device for underground transportation system
21.4 Grounding device of DC system
22 Substation
Appendix A Informative appendix
Appendix B Informative appendix
Appendix C Informative appendix
Appendix D Informative appendix
Appendix E Informative appendix
Appendix F Informative appendix
Appendix G Informative appendix
Appendix H Normative appendix
Calculation table of impulse grounding resistance R, and power frequency grounding resistance R-conversion factor A Soil resistivity
And effective length L of grounding electrode. Comparison table
Conversion table of total surface area S of steel bars and total length L of steel barsCalculation of magnetic field strength in buildings
Magnetic field strength inside grid-shaped magnetic field shieldCalculation of induced voltage and current in the loop inside the buildingRelationship curve between mesh material width and magnetic field strengthExplanation of terms used in this specification
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This standard mainly adopts GB50057-1994 "Design Code for Lightning Protection of Buildings" (2000 edition), GB/T21431-2008 "Technical Specification for Testing of Lightning Protection Devices in Buildings", GB/T18802.12-2006/IEC61643-12:2002 "Surge Protection Devices for Low Voltage Distribution Systems" This standard includes the following standards: Lightning Protection Devices (SPD) Part 12: Guidelines for Selection and Use, GB/T21714.1-2008/IEC62305-1:2006 Lightning Protection Part 1: General, GB/T21714.2-2008/IEC62305-2:2006 Lightning Protection Part 2: Risk Management, GB/T21714.3-2008/IEC62305-3:2006 Lightning Protection Part 3: Physical Damage and Life Danger to Buildings, GB/T21714.4-2008, IEC62305-4:2006 Lightning Protection Part 4: Electrical and Electronic Systems in Buildings. Appendix H of this standard is a normative appendix, and Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix E, Appendix F and Appendix G are informative appendices.
This standard is proposed by the National Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC345). This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC345). The drafting unit of this standard: Guangdong Lightning Protection Center. The main drafters of this standard: Yang Shaojie, Jin Liang, Yang Hui, Li Bin, Chen Chang, Liu Dingqi, Hou Yong, Wei Yinghua, Wang Xiaobo. 1 Scope
Technical Evaluation Specification for Lightning Protection Device Design
This standard specifies the items, requirements and methods for the technical evaluation of lightning protection device design. This standard is applicable to the technical evaluation of lightning protection device design. This standard does not apply to:
a) vehicles, ships, aircraft and offshore installations; b) high-pressure pipelines;
c) power lines.
Normative Reference Documents
QXT1062009
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties that reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version is applicable to this standard. GB/T17949.1-2000 Guidelines for the measurement of soil resistivity, ground impedance and ground potential of grounding systems Part 1: Conventional measurements GB/T18802.12-2006/IEC61643-12:2002 Surge protective devices (SPD) for low voltage power distribution systems Part 12: Guidelines for selection and use
GB/T21431-2008
Technical specification for the detection of lightning protection devices for buildings
GB/T21714.1-2008 Lightning protection Part 1: General principles (IEC62305-1:2006IDT) GB/T21714.2-2008
GB/T21714.3-2008
GB/T21714.4-2008
GB50016—2006
GB50045—2001
GB50057—1994
GB50074—2002
GB50096—1999
GB50157— 2003
GB50165—2002
GB50169—2006
GB50253—2003
GB50303—2002||tt| |GB50311—2007
GB503122007
Lightning protection Part 2: Risk management (IEC62305-2:2006, IDT) Lightning protection Part 3: Physical damage to buildings and life hazard (IEC62305-3 : 2006, IDT) Lightning protection Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems in buildings (IEC62305-4: 2006, IDT) Fire protection code for building design
Fire protection code for high-rise civil buildings
Fire protection code for buildings Lei She Design Specifications (2000 Edition) Oil Depot Design Specifications
Residential Design Specifications (2003 Edition)
Subway Design Specifications
Automobile Gas Station Design and Construction Specifications (2006 Edition) Electrical Installations Specification for construction and acceptance of grounding devices for installation projects Specification for design of oil pipeline projects
Construction quality acceptance specifications for building electrical engineering Specification for design of integrated wiring system projects
Acceptance specifications for integrated wiring system projects
GB/T50314 12006 Intelligent Building Design Standard DL/T475 1-2006 Guidelines for measurement of characteristic parameters of grounding devices QX10.1—2002
QX10.2—2007
Surge protective devices Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods Surge protective devices Part 2: Selection and use principles of protection devices in low voltage power systems Selection and use of network level protection devices in the system management layer QXT106 YD/T5098-2001 Communication Bureau (Station) Lightning Overload Protection Devices Voltage protection engineering design specification 3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Lightning protection system Lightning protection system is a complete set of equipment used to protect a space from lightning effects. It consists of an external Note: In certain cases, the lightning protection system may consist of only the external lightning protection system or the internal lightning protection system. 3.2
Air-termination system
Lightning rods, lightning strips (lines), lightning nets that directly receive lightning strikes, as well as metal roofs and metal components used for lightning termination. 3.3||tt| |Downconductorsystem
The part of the lightning protection device that conducts the lightning current from the lightning rod to the grounding device. 3.4
EarthterminationsystemThe sum of the grounding body and the grounding wire, used to conduct the lightning current 3.5
earth conductor
The connecting conductor from the down conductor disconnect card or the line change point to the grounding body; or from the grounding terminal, etc. The connecting conductor of the potential connection belt to the grounding body or grounding device.
Natural earthing system Various metal components that have a grounding function but are not specially set up for this purpose, such as steel bars in reinforced concrete, buried metal A general term for pipelines, equipment, etc.
Artificial grounding system is a general term for various metal components that have grounding function and are specially set up for this purpose. 3.8
Independent grounding system is a DC ground, AC working ground, and safety protection ground that are independent of each other between systems. 3.9
Radial grounding system The signal ground, power ground and protection ground of the electronic equipment are laid separately, and the ground lead is connected to the ground of the power supply room. The main terminal board, on which the signal ground, power ground and protective ground are connected together, and then lead to the grounding body. 3.10
Ring mesh grounding deviceringynettyearthingSystem connects the signal ground, power ground and protective ground together A common ring grounding busbar. 3.11
composite earthing system A system combining radial earthing with ring earthing. 312
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A lightning impulse current of a specific amplitude and waveform flows on a grounding electrode in a soil with a certain resistivity. When the lightning current decays to less than a certain percentage (such as 1%), 3.13
grounding busbarmainearthingbar
A common grounding busbar installed in buildings, control rooms, and distribution main grounding terminal boards. It can be laid in a ring or strip shape. All grounding The wires are all led out from the grounding busbar.
Earthing reference point; the only connection point between the ERP common grounding system and the system's equipotential connection network. 3.15
Lightning protection grounding lightning protection earthing lightning rod, lightning conductor, And the connection between lightning protection equipment such as surge protectors and grounding devices. 3.16
workingearthing
Some equipment in the power system is connected to the grounding device directly or through arc suppression coils, reactors, resistors, etc. due to operational needs. 3.17| |tt||Electrical protectionearthing
Protective grounding
Also called safety grounding, for the sake of electrical safety, one or more points of a system, device or equipment are grounded. 3.18
Grounding impedance groundingimpedance
The ratio of the potential difference between the grounding device and the remote potential zero point to the current flowing into the ground through the grounding device. 3.19
Power frequency grounding resistancepowerfrequencygroundingresistanceWhen power frequency current flows through the grounding device, the grounding electrode and The resistance between the earth and the ground. Its value is equal to the ratio of the voltage of the grounding device relative to the earth and the current flowing into the earth through the grounding electrode, and the unit is ohm (). 3.20
Impulse grounding resistance impulse grounding resistance When the impulse current flows through the grounding device, the ratio of the peak value of the voltage of the grounding device to the ground to the peak value of the current flowing into the ground through the grounding electrode, in ohms ().
Soil Resistivity soilresistivity
is a parameter that characterizes the conductivity of soil, which is the flow rate of soil impedance per unit volume. The unit is ohm-meter (·m), which refers to the impedance measured between the two opposite sides of a soil cube. 3.22| |tt||Total equipotential bonding totalequipotential bonding MEB connects various separate devices and conductive objects together with equipotential bonding conductors or surge protectors to reduce the potential difference caused by lightning current between them.
Supplementary equipotential bonding SEB connects the exposed conductive parts and external conductive parts that can be touched at the same time in a local area, so that they are at the same potential in the local area.
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Directly ground the exposed conductive parts of the electronic system and the electrical system with metal wires. 3.25
Indirect equipotential bonding Grounding through surge protector. 3.26
equipotential bonding networkequipotential bonding network A network consisting of conductors that connect the exposed conductive parts of a system to the same potential. 3.27
Equipotential bonding stripequipotentialbondingbarMetal strip to which metal devices, external conductive objects, power lines, communication lines and other cables are connected so as to make equipotential connection with lightning protection devices.
Local equipotential bonding striplocalequipotentialbondingbarLEBEquipotential bonding strip at the interface of two lightning protection zones after the LPZO zone. 3.29
Ecommonearthingsystem
Common grounding system
All interconnected metal devices connected to the grounding device of a building, including lightning protection devices. 3.30
Electromagnetic environment zoneelectromagnetismenvironmentalzoneThe area that specifies electromagnetic conditions.
Electromagnetic compatibilityEMCThe ability of a device or system to work normally in its electromagnetic environment and not cause unacceptable electromagnetic interference to anything in the environment. 3.32
Shielding
A housing, barrier or other object (usually conductive) that can weaken the effect of electric and magnetic fields on one side on the device or circuit on the other side.
Shielding coefficientshieldingcoefficientThe ratio of the field strength at a point in the shielded space when there is a shield to the field strength at that point when there is no shield, in decibels (dB). 3.34
Grid-like spatial shieldgridlike spatial shield is used for magnetic field shielding of buildings or rooms, and is generally composed of steel bars, metal frames and metal supports in the concrete of the building. 3.35
Direct lightning flash
Lightning strikes directly on buildings, other objects, the earth or lightning protection devices, producing electrical effects, thermal effects and mechanical forces. 3.36
Lightning electromagnetic pulse lightningelectromagneticimpulseLEMP The electric and magnetic fields generated by the electromagnetic radiation associated with lightning discharge are coupled into the electrical or electronic system, thereby generating interfering current or voltage.
Long main
Short lightning shortstroke
Lightning strike with a pulse current half-peak time shorter than 1ms. Explosive hazardous atmosphere
explosivehazardousatmosphereQXT1062
Environment where explosive gas or dust mixtures appear or are expected to appear in quantities sufficient to require preventive measures to be taken for the structure, installation and use of electrical equipment.
zonezero
Environment where explosive gas mixtures appear continuously or for a long time. 3.39.2
Zone1zoneone
Environment where explosive gas mixtures may appear during normal operation. 3.39.3
Zone two
An environment where explosive gas mixtures are unlikely to occur during normal operation, or where explosive gas mixtures only exist for a short time even if they occur.
Note: Normal operation refers to normal start-up, operation, parking, loading and unloading of flammable products, opening and closing of sealed container covers, and the state where safety valves, discharge valves and all factory equipment operate within their design parameters. 3.39.4
Zone twenty
An environment where explosive dust mixtures occur continuously or for a long time. 3.39.5
Zone twenty-one
An environment where explosive dust mixtures occasionally occur due to the dust accumulated sometimes being raised. 3.39.6
Zone twenty-two
An environment where explosive dust mixtures are unlikely to occur during normal operation, or where explosive dust mixtures only exist for a short time even if they occur.
thunderstormday
Thunderstorm day
A thunderstorm day is a day when more than one thunderstorm sound can be heard or detected. 3.41
less lightning zone
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of 20 days or less. 3.42
more lightning zone
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of more than 20 days but not more than 40 days. 3.43
high lightning zonehighlightningzone
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of more than 40 days but not more than 60 days. 3.44
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Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of more than 60 days. 3.45
lightning protection zonelightningprotectionzoneLPZA lightning electromagnetic environment area that needs to be specified and controlled. 3.46
Skyscraper
Buildings with a height of 100m or more.
High-rise building
Buildings with 10 or more floors or a building height of more than 24m. 3.48
Medium-high buildingMedium-high buildingBuildings with seven to nine floors.
Multilayer building
Buildings with four to six floors.
Low-rise buildingLow building
Buildings with one to three floors.
Key construction projectKey construction projectMajor projects listed in the five-year plan for national economic and social development and projects in the annual key construction plan, as well as key construction projects determined by local governments.
Large construction projectLarge construction projectAll investment projects that must be approved or approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council. The specific scope of large construction projects approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council may be determined in accordance with relevant regulations on the management of government investment projects. 3.53
Public buildingspublicbuilding
Buildings used for public purposes, such as: office buildings (including office buildings, government office buildings, etc.), commercial buildings (such as shopping malls, financial buildings, etc.), tourist buildings (such as hotels, entertainment venues, etc.), science, education, culture and health buildings (including cultural, educational, and broadcasting rooms) and transportation rooms (such as airports, station buildings, etc.).
Parapetwall
A low wall above the roof of the building's exterior wall.
Deep foundationdeepgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried more than 5m deep, generally using pile foundations, reinforced concrete caissons, caissons and underground continuous walls as foundations. 3.56
Shallow foundationlowgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried no more than 5m deep.36
Lightning electromagnetic pulse lightningelectromagneticimpulseLEMP The electric and magnetic fields generated by the electromagnetic radiation associated with lightning discharge are coupled into the electrical or electronic system, thereby generating interfering current or voltage.
Long main
Short lightning shortstroke
Lightning strike with a pulse current half-peak time shorter than 1ms. Explosive hazardous atmosphere
explosivehazardousatmosphereQXT1062
Environment where explosive gas or dust mixtures appear or are expected to appear in quantities sufficient to require preventive measures to be taken for the structure, installation and use of electrical equipment.
zonezero
Environment where explosive gas mixtures appear continuously or for a long time. 3.39.2
Zone1zoneone
Environment where explosive gas mixtures may appear during normal operation. 3.39.3
Zone two
An environment where explosive gas mixtures are unlikely to occur during normal operation, or where explosive gas mixtures only exist for a short time even if they occur.
Note: Normal operation refers to normal start-up, operation, parking, loading and unloading of flammable products, opening and closing of sealed container covers, and the state where safety valves, discharge valves and all factory equipment operate within their design parameters. 3.39.4
Zone twenty
An environment where explosive dust mixtures occur continuously or for a long time. 3.39.5
Zone twenty-one
An environment where explosive dust mixtures occasionally occur due to the dust accumulated sometimes being raised. 3.39.6
Zone twenty-two
An environment where explosive dust mixtures are unlikely to occur during normal operation, or where explosive dust mixtures only exist for a short time even if they occur.
thunderstormday
Thunderstorm day
A thunderstorm day is a day when more than one thunderstorm sound can be heard or detected. 3.41
less lightning zone
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of 20 days or less. 3.42
more lightning zone
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of more than 20 days but not more than 40 days. 3.43
high lightning zonehighlightningzone
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of more than 40 days but not more than 60 days. 3.44
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Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of more than 60 days. 3.45
lightning protection zonelightningprotectionzoneLPZA lightning electromagnetic environment area that needs to be specified and controlled. 3.46
Skyscraper
Buildings with a height of 100m or more.
High-rise building
Buildings with 10 or more floors or a building height of more than 24m. 3.48
Medium-high buildingMedium-high buildingBuildings with seven to nine floors.
Multilayer building
Buildings with four to six floors.
Low-rise buildingLow building
Buildings with one to three floors.
Key construction projectKey construction projectMajor projects listed in the five-year plan for national economic and social development and projects in the annual key construction plan, as well as key construction projects determined by local governments.
Large construction projectLarge construction projectAll investment projects that must be examined and approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council. The specific scope of large construction projects examined and approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council may be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions on the management of government investment projects. 3.53
Public buildingspublicbuilding
Buildings used for public purposes, such as: office buildings (including office buildings, government office buildings, etc.), commercial buildings (such as shopping malls, financial buildings, etc.), tourist buildings (such as hotels, entertainment venues, etc.), science, education, culture and health buildings (including cultural, educational, and broadcasting rooms) and transportation rooms (such as airports, station buildings, etc.).
Parapetwall
A low wall above the roof of the building's outer wall.
Deep foundationdeepgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried more than 5m deep, generally using pile foundations, reinforced concrete caissons, caissons and underground continuous walls as foundations. 3.56
Shallow foundationlowgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried no more than 5m deep.36
Lightning electromagnetic pulse lightningelectromagneticimpulseLEMP The electric and magnetic fields generated by the electromagnetic radiation associated with lightning discharge are coupled into the electrical or electronic system, thereby generating interfering current or voltage.
Long main
Short lightning shortstroke
Lightning strike with a pulse current half-peak time shorter than 1ms. Explosive hazardous atmosphere
explosivehazardousatmosphereQXT1062
Environment where explosive gas or dust mixtures appear or are expected to appear in quantities sufficient to require preventive measures to be taken for the structure, installation and use of electrical equipment.
zonezero
Environment where explosive gas mixtures appear continuously or for a long time. 3.39.2
Zone1zoneone
Environment where explosive gas mixtures may appear during normal operation. 3.39.3
Zone two
An environment where explosive gas mixtures are unlikely to occur during normal operation, or where explosive gas mixtures only exist for a short time even if they occur.
Note: Normal operation refers to normal start-up, operation, parking, loading and unloading of flammable products, opening and closing of sealed container covers, and the state where safety valves, discharge valves and all factory equipment operate within their design parameters. 3.39.4
Zone twenty
An environment where explosive dust mixtures occur continuously or for a long time. 3.39.5
Zone twenty-one
An environment where explosive dust mixtures occasionally occur due to the dust accumulated sometimes being raised. 3.39.6
Zone twenty-two
An environment where explosive dust mixtures are unlikely to occur during normal operation, or where explosive dust mixtures only exist for a short time even if they occur.
thunderstormday
Thunderstorm day
A thunderstorm day is a day when more than one thunderstorm sound can be heard or detected. 3.41
less lightning zone
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of 20 days or less. 3.42
more lightning zone
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of more than 20 days but not more than 40 days. 3.43
high lightning zonehighlightningzone
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of more than 40 days but not more than 60 days. 3.44
OXT106
Areas with an average annual thunderstorm day of more than 60 days. 3.45
lightning protection zonelightningprotectionzoneLPZA lightning electromagnetic environment area that needs to be specified and controlled. 3.46
Skyscraper
Buildings with a height of 100m or more.
High-rise building
Buildings with 10 or more floors or a building height of more than 24m. 3.48
Medium-high buildingMedium-high buildingBuildings with seven to nine floors.
Multilayer building
Buildings with four to six floors.
Low-rise buildingLow building
Buildings with one to three floors.
Key construction projectKey construction projectMajor projects listed in the five-year plan for national economic and social development and projects in the annual key construction plan, as well as key construction projects determined by local governments.
Large construction projectLarge construction projectAll investment projects that must be approved or approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council. The specific scope of large construction projects approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council may be determined in accordance with relevant regulations on the management of government investment projects. 3.53
Public buildingspublicbuilding
Buildings used for public purposes, such as: office buildings (including office buildings, government office buildings, etc.), commercial buildings (such as shopping malls, financial buildings, etc.), tourist buildings (such as hotels, entertainment venues, etc.), science, education, culture and health buildings (including cultural, educational, and broadcasting rooms) and transportation rooms (such as airports, station buildings, etc.).
Parapetwall
A low wall above the roof of the building's exterior wall.
Deep foundationdeepgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried more than 5m deep, generally using pile foundations, reinforced concrete caissons, caissons and underground continuous walls as foundations. 3.56
Shallow foundationlowgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried no more than 5m deep.48
Medium-high buildingMedium high buildingBuildings with seven to nine floors.
Multilayer building
Multi-story building
Buildings with four to six floors.
Low-rise buildingLow building
Buildings with one to three floors.
Key construction projectKey construction projectMajor projects listed in the five-year plan for national economic and social development and projects in the annual key construction plan, as well as key construction projects determined by local governments.
Large construction projectLarge construction projectAll investment projects that must be examined and approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council. The specific scope of large construction projects examined and approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council may be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions on the management of government investment projects. 3.53
Public buildingspublicbuilding
Buildings used for public purposes, such as: office buildings (including office buildings, government office buildings, etc.), commercial buildings (such as shopping malls, financial buildings, etc.), tourist buildings (such as hotels, entertainment venues, etc.), science, education, culture and health buildings (including cultural, educational, and broadcasting rooms) and transportation rooms (such as airports, station buildings, etc.).
Parapetwall
A low wall above the roof of the building's exterior wall.
Deep foundationdeepgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried more than 5m deep, generally using pile foundations, reinforced concrete caissons, caissons and underground continuous walls as foundations. 3.56
Shallow foundationlowgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried no more than 5m deep.48
Medium-high buildingMedium high buildingBuildings with seven to nine floors.
Multilayer building
Multi-story building
Buildings with four to six floors.
Low-rise buildingLow building
Buildings with one to three floors.
Key construction projectKey construction projectMajor projects listed in the five-year plan for national economic and social development and projects in the annual key construction plan, as well as key construction projects determined by local governments.
Large construction projectLarge construction projectAll investment projects that must be examined and approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council. The specific scope of large construction projects examined and approved by the State Council or the investment authority under the State Council may be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions on the management of government investment projects. 3.53
Public buildingspublicbuilding
Buildings used for public purposes, such as: office buildings (including office buildings, government office buildings, etc.), commercial buildings (such as shopping malls, financial buildings, etc.), tourist buildings (such as hotels, entertainment venues, etc.), science, education, culture and health buildings (including cultural, educational, and broadcasting rooms) and transportation rooms (such as airports, station buildings, etc.).
Parapetwall
A low wall above the roof of the building's outer wall.
Deep foundationdeepgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried more than 5m deep, generally using pile foundations, reinforced concrete caissons, caissons and underground continuous walls as foundations. 3.56
Shallow foundationlowgroundwork
The foundation of a building buried no more than 5m deep.
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