GBJ 71-1984 Design specification for small hydroelectric power stations GBJ71-84
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Design Code for Small Hydropower Station
1985Beijing
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Design Code for Small Hydropower Station
GBJ71—84
Editor Department: Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power of the People's Republic of China Approval Department: State Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China Trial Date: January 1, 1985||tt| |Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
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Notice on the Release of "Design Specifications for Small Hydropower Stations"
Design Standards [1984] No. 1381
To the Planning Commissions (Construction Commissions) of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and all relevant ministries and directly affiliated units of the State Council: In accordance with the requirements of the Notice No. 562 of the former State Construction Commission (78) Jianfashezi, the "Design Specifications for Small Hydropower Stations" edited by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power and compiled by the Hubei Provincial Water Resources Bureau and the Hubei Provincial Water Resources Survey and Design Institute in conjunction with relevant units has been reviewed by relevant departments. The "Design Specifications for Small Hydropower Stations" GBJ71-84 is now approved as a national standard and will be implemented on a trial basis from January 1, 1985. This specification is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and its specific interpretation and other work are the responsibility of the Hubei Provincial Water Resources Survey and Design Institute.
State Planning Commission
July 12, 1984
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Preparation Instructions
The "Design Specifications for Small Hydropower Stations" was compiled by the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power in accordance with the Notice No. 562 of the former State Capital Construction Commission (78) Jianfashe, and was compiled by the Hubei Provincial Water Resources Bureau and Hubei Provincial Water Resources Survey and Design Institute in conjunction with the former State Forestry Administration, Hunan Provincial Forestry Design Institute and other relevant design units. During the compilation process, a more in-depth investigation and research was conducted on the design, construction, operation and management of small and medium-sized hydropower stations, the construction experience of small hydropower stations was summarized, and testing work on relevant topics was carried out. At the same time, based on the characteristics of my country's small hydropower station planning, design, construction, operation and management and on the basis of the existing technical and economic level, this specification was compiled, and the opinions of relevant design, scientific research, production and colleges and universities across the country were widely solicited. Finally, the draft was reviewed and finalized together with relevant departments. This specification is divided into six chapters, thirty-six sections and one appendix. Its main contents include: general principles, hydrology, water conservancy and hydropower, overall project layout and hydraulic structures, hydraulic machinery, electrical parts, gates, trash racks and opening and closing equipment, etc. During the trial implementation of this specification, please pay attention to summarizing experience and accumulating data. If you find that there are unnecessary and supplementary parts, please inform the Hubei Provincial Water Conservancy Survey and Design Institute of your opinions and materials, and copy them to our Ministry of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Planning and Design Institute for reference in the next revision.
Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power
June 1984
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Chapter 1 General Provisions
Chapter 2 Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydropower
Section 1 Hydrology
Section 2 Water Resources and Hydropower·
Section 3 Installed Capacity and Number of Units
Section 4 Reservoir Flooding Treatment
Chapter 3
Overall Project Layout and Hydraulic Structures
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Chapter 4
General Provisions
Water Retaining Structures
Water Discharge Structures
Water Diversion Structures
Plant Layout, Plant and Step-up Substation
Navigation, log and fish passage structures
Observation and design of hydraulic structures
Hydraulic machinery
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Chapter 5
Selection of hydro-generator sets
Water supply system||t t||Drainage system
Compressed air system
Oil system
Hydraulic measurement and monitoring system
Lifting and mechanical repair equipment
Ventilation and heating
Layout of hydraulic machinery and equipment
Electrical part
Section 1
Section 2
Connection between the hydropower station and the regional power grid
Main electrical connection
Section 3
Power supply for the plant and the plant dam area
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Section 4 Arrangement of Main Electrical Equipment Inside and Outside the HouseSection 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
Cable Laying
Overvoltage Protection and Grounding Devices…
Relay Protection Devices
Automatic Control and Secondary Wiring|| tt||Electrical measuring instrumentation
Section 12
Section 13
Chapter VI
Operating power supply
Electrical test equipment
Trash racks and opening and closing equipment
Gate,
Section 1
General provisions
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Discharge Gates and opening and closing equipment
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Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Diversion gates, trash racks and opening and closing equipment
Tailwater gates and opening and closing equipment
Appendix Explanation of terms used in this specification
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Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1.0.1 The design of small hydroelectric power stations (hereinafter referred to as hydroelectric power stations) must conscientiously implement the national technical and economic policies, and make overall arrangements according to the needs of national economic development and the requirements of local water conservancy, electricity, shipping, timber flow, aquatic products and environmental protection plans, and rationally utilize water resources according to local conditions, so as to achieve advanced technology, reasonable economy, safety and applicability, and ensure quality. Article 1.0.2 This specification applies to the design of new hydroelectric power stations with installed capacity of 25,000 kilowatts and below, unit capacity of 10,000 kilowatts and below, including the electromechanical part, which is applicable to the design of new hydroelectric power stations with unit capacity of 500-6,000 kilowatts and line voltage not exceeding 35 kilovolts. Article 1.0.3 The preliminary design of the hydroelectric power station should be carried out on the basis of the river (river section or region) planning and local power planning, and in accordance with the approved design task book. The development of river sections that have an impact on the upstream and downstream should seek the opinions of adjacent areas. Article 1.0.4 The design of a hydropower station must be carefully investigated, studied, surveyed and tested in order to obtain basic information and data on hydrology, meteorology, topography, geology, earthquakes, building materials, local industry and agriculture, inundation, immigration and other national economic comprehensive utilization requirements.
Article 1.0.5 In addition to complying with the provisions of this code, the design of a hydropower station shall also comply with the provisions of the current relevant standards and specifications. Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
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Chapter 2 Hydrology, Water Conservancy and Hydropower
Section 1 Hydrology
Article 2.1.1 The design of a hydropower station shall collect the natural geographical characteristics, meteorology and hydrology of the basin, and shall organize and analyze them, or conduct necessary reviews and revisions. The main contents of the collation and analysis are as follows:
1. The characteristic values of the watershed and river channel;
2. The water gauge position, water gauge zero point elevation, level base surface changes, water level and flow observations, buoy coefficient adoption, scouring and sedimentation changes of the flow measurement section, and the extension method of the high and low water parts of the water level flow relationship curve;
3. Runoff and flood data affected by water conservancy projects or flood diversion, breach and other factors;
2.1.The hydrological calculations of the two hydropower stations shall provide all or part of the following results according to the project characteristics and design requirements: 1. A series of tables of average monthly (ten-day) flow rates at the water intake or dam site over the years, frequency curves of annual average flow rate and time period (ten-day) average flow rate, design annual average flow rate of specified frequency and its average monthly (ten-day) flow rate within the year; 2. Design peak flow rate of floods (including staged floods), design flood volumes in different time periods and design flood process lines; 3. Multi-year average annual sediment transport and monthly distribution of suspended sediment, typical annual and monthly distribution, and multi-year average particle grading curves. Annual sediment transport and its maximum particle size, changes in river scouring and sedimentation over the years and debris flow;
Fourth, water level and flow relationship curve
Water level and flow relationship curve used under design conditions on the design section; Five, water quality analysis results;
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Six, ice conditions and others.
Article 2.1.3 The annual or period average flow frequency curve can be drawn by frequency analysis. The curve line type can be Pearson straight type, and the mean value in its statistical parameters should be calculated. The coefficient of variation (C) and the coefficient of deviation (C.) should be calculated, but they can be appropriately adjusted and determined based on the matching of empirical data and frequency curve. The empirical frequency (Pm) can be calculated by the following formula:
Pe=1×100,
wherein P is the empirical frequency in percentage (%); m
-n items in the continuous series are arranged in order of size; the total number of items in the continuous series.
Article 2.1.4 When the runoff series on the design section is short, it should be interpolated and extended so that the extended series is not less than 20 years.
Article 2.1.5 When there is no runoff data for the design section, the runoff can be determined by the following two or more estimation methods: 1. Select a hydrological station with a long runoff data and similar natural conditions to the controlled catchment area as a reference station, and convert the runoff of various frequencies of the reference station into the runoff of the design section according to the area ratio;
2. Calculate by interpolation based on the runoff data of the upstream and downstream hydrological stations in the basin;
3. Calculate with reference to the provincial and regional hydrological manuals and hydrological atlas data; 4. Refer to the precipitation-runoff relationship in similar areas and use the average precipitation in the controlled catchment area to deduce the runoff;
5. Set up a hydrological observation station in the river section where the project is located for observation. Article 2.1.6 The determination of the design typical year should be selected from the measured series, and its annual and period runoff should be close to the design value, and its annual distribution should be selected from the year that is more unfavorable to the project design.
Article 2.1.7 The design runoff results adopted shall be checked for rationality from the following aspects:
1. Water balance between upstream and downstream, main and tributary rivers; Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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2. Comparison of runoff and precipitation;
3. Rationality of regional distribution of mean and coefficient of variation (C); 4. Rationality of annual distribution of runoff. Article 2.1.8 The calculation of design flood shall comply with the provisions of flood calculation specifications. Article 2.1.9 The calculation of multi-year average annual sediment discharge shall meet the following requirements: 1. When the suspended sediment series of the station where the project is located is long, the arithmetic mean value may be used;
When the suspended sediment series of the station where the project is located is short, the calculation may be carried out after interpolation and extension according to the relationship between the water volume and sediment discharge of the station or the relationship between the annual (monthly) sediment discharge of the station and similar basins;
3. When there is no measured suspended sediment data at the project location, the sediment discharge modulus (erosion modulus) map of the area where the hydropower station is located may be used for calculation, or the sedimentation volume of the built reservoir may be estimated.
Article 2.1.10 The determination of the multi-year average particle size distribution of suspended sediment shall meet the following requirements:
1. When there is more data (such as more than five years, and at least one of them is a wet year), the arithmetic mean value of the past years may be used; 2. When there is less data (such as less than five years) or no data, it may be determined by referring to the data of adjacent similar basins. When conditions permit, it is advisable to conduct verification through actual measurement. Article 2.1.11 The bedload and sediment transport volume can be determined through investigation or other calculation methods.
Article 2.1.12 The drawing of the water level-discharge relationship curve shall meet the following requirements:
1. When there are measured data, the measured results shall be analyzed comprehensively for drawing; 2. When there are no measured data, the results of historical flood and low water flow surveys or hydraulic formulas may be used for drawing. The roughness shall be selected according to the characteristics of the river channel in the calculation; 3. When there are water level data for the design section, and water level and flow data for the upper and surrounding hydrological stations, and the catchment area of the interval is not large (for example, 10%), it can be drawn through the water level correlation method;
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4. When there is a lack of measured data and conditions for actual measurement, actual measurement shall be carried out to determine. When drawing the water level-flow relationship curve, the effects of backwater support, bend flow, and river scouring and siltation should be considered.
Section 2 Water Conservancy and Hydropower
Article 2.2.1 The technical and economic analysis of hydropower stations can generally adopt the dynamic investment recovery period method. The investment recovery period should be set at 15 years. Article 2.2.2 For water conservancy hubs with comprehensive utilization such as power generation and irrigation tasks, their water intake method and water volume allocation should be determined based on factors such as the priority of tasks, distribution of irrigation areas, and scale of power stations.
Article 2.2.3 Runoff regulation and hydropower calculation shall meet the following requirements: 1. For multi-year regulation reservoirs, long series (or representative sections) shall be used to calculate according to the monthly average flow;
2. For annual regulation reservoirs, the monthly (ten-day) average flow of the design year shall be used for calculation;
3. For power stations without regulation or daily regulation, the daily (hourly) average flow shall be used for calculation;
4. For annual regulation or non-regulation reservoirs, the calculation year can be selected from the three representative years of flood, normal water and low water for calculation. Article 2.2.4 The results of runoff regulation and hydropower calculation shall be drawn into the following curves: 1. Regulation flow process line (when there are irrigation or other navigation tasks, the annual distribution of flow shall be reflected) and duration curve; 2. Head process line and head guarantee rate curve; 3. Output process line and output guarantee rate curve; 4. Output and power generation relationship curve and installed capacity annual utilization hour relationship curve.
Article 2.2.5 When there are regulating reservoirs upstream and downstream of a hydropower station or when they are about to be built upon approval, the runoff regulation and water energy calculation shall take into account the regulating effect and compensatory regulation requirements of the upstream and downstream.
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Article 2.2.6 Cascade hydropower stations shall study the factors that influence each other between the cascades and determine their characteristic values according to the principle of obtaining the maximum comprehensive utilization benefits of the cascades. Article 2.2.7 When a hydropower station diverts water across river basins, it shall analyze the economic benefits of the external river basin and the local river basin and clarify the rationality of the water diversion. Article 2.2.8 The normal water storage level and dead water level of the reservoir of a hydropower station shall be determined by formulating several plans based on the terrain, geology, water resources conditions, reservoir flooding losses, short-term and long-term water use and electricity requirements, and shall be determined through technical and economic comparisons and analysis and demonstration.
Article 2.2.9 When the hydropower station is small, but the reservoir or water conservancy hub is a large or medium-sized project, except for the small hydropower station itself, other designs must comply with the provisions of the relevant large and medium-sized project standards and specifications.
Article 2.2.10 The scale of the flood discharge structure should be determined in combination with the overall layout of the hub through flood regulation calculation and technical and economic comparison. Article 2.2.11 The flood regulation of the reservoir can be calculated by static storage capacity. When there is a flood control requirement downstream of the reservoir, the flood dispatching rules and safe discharge volume should be studied according to the scale of the reservoir. If the flood control storage capacity of the reservoir is large, the possibility of reusing part of the storage capacity for benefit can be determined according to the characteristics of the flood.
Article 2.2.12 When the hydropower station is located downstream of the existing project, the flood dispatching rules should be uniformly considered according to the scale of the hydropower station and the flood control capacity of the upstream project to determine the flood control characteristic water level of the hub.
When a hydropower station is located upstream of an existing project, the flood control characteristic water level should be determined according to the requirements of the hydropower station, and the impact on downstream projects should be considered. Article 2.2.13 When a hydropower station is built on a sandy river, the water intake and hub layout of its water diversion structure should take measures to slow down the sedimentation of the reservoir. Article 2.2.The backwater curve of 14 reservoirs should be calculated according to the design peak flow of the specified frequency and the corresponding water level in front of the dam and the corresponding discharge at the highest water level in front of the dam, and the outer envelope should be determined. The roughness should be selected according to the characteristics of the calculated river section. If the backwater has a greater impact and the river section is more complex, the cross-section of the river should be appropriately measured to improve the calculation accuracy. When the backwater impact is small, the calculation can be simplified. When calculating the backwater curve for a sandy river, the influence of silt deposition should be considered.
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