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This standard specifies the rules for the Chinese translation of German place names. This standard applies to the Chinese translation of German place names. GB/T 17693.3-1999 Guidelines for the Chinese translation of foreign place names German GB/T17693.3-1999 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the rules for the Chinese translation of German place names. This standard applies to the Chinese translation of German place names.
Some standard content:
GB/T17693.3—1999 Standardization of the Chinese translation of German place names is an important part of place name standardization. This standard is formulated to achieve the unification and standardization of the Chinese translation of place names and promote the exchange of science and culture at home and abroad. This standard is revised on the basis of the "Rules for the Chinese Translation of German Place Names" formulated by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the State Administration of Surveying and Mapping. The series of national standards for the "Guidelines for the Chinese Translation of Foreign Place Names" include the following parts: Part 1: English; Part 2: French; Part 3: German; Part 4: Russian; Part 5: Spanish; Part 6: Arabic; This standard is Part 3: German. Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C of this standard are all appendices to the standard. The original "Rules for the Chinese Translation of German Place Names" will be automatically abolished from the date of implementation of this standard. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for the Standardization of Geographical Names. This standard was drafted by the Institute of Geographical Names of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and the Institute of Geographical Names of the State Administration of Surveying and Mapping, China Cartographic Publishing House, Xinhua News Agency Reference News Editorial Department, and the General Staff Mapping Bureau participated in the drafting. The main drafters of this standard are: Fan Guiying, Wang Jitong, Li Chun, Zhao Xiaoyang, Xing Weilin, Wang Shuping, and Li Hong. This standard is interpreted by the National Technical Committee for the Standardization of Geographical Names. 388 1 Fanquan National Standard of the People's Republic of China Trarsformation guidelines of geographicalnarnes from foreign languages into Chinese -Germany This standard specifies the rules for the translation of German place names into Chinese characters. This standard applies to the translation of German place names into Chinese characters. 2 Definitions This standard adopts the following definitions. 2.1 Geographical names Proper names given by people to various geographical entities. 2.2Specific terms Words used to distinguish geographical entities in geographical names. 2.3Generic tems Words used to distinguish categories of geographical entities in geographical names. 2.4Generic tems used as specific temmsGeneric tems transformed into specific temms. GB/T 17693.3-1999 2.5Transformation of geographical names from foreign languages into ChineseThe use of Chinese characters to write geographical names in other languages. 3General principles 3.1Proper geographical names are generally transliterated; generic geographical names are generally translated. 3.2Names translated into Chinese characters and geographical names named after common names (see Appendix A) are still in use; in principle, the geographical names derived from them are translated in the same way as the names. 3.3 The translation of place names should adopt the standard place names in maps, place name directories, place name dictionaries, place name annals and other documents published by the government of the country. 3.4 The Chinese characters used in the translation of place names should be based on the Chinese characters selected in Table 1 German-Chinese transliteration table. 4 Details 4.1 Place names 4.1.1 Proper names (including proper names) are generally transliterated. For example: Bad Ems Offenheim Waldberg Translated as "Bad Ems" Translated as "Offenheim" Translated as "Waldberg" 4.1.2 Articles and prepositions in proper names are transliterated, but the articles at the beginning of the word are omitted. For example: Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on March 4, 1999 and implemented on September 1, 1999 Auf der Eck Der Hohe Weg Unter den Linden GB/T 17693.3--1999 Translated as "Auf der Eck" Translated as "Upper Weg Beach" Translated as "Winterden Linden" 4.1.3 The derived forms -er, -isch or -sch of some inflectional and invariant proper nouns are translated according to the original form of the proper noun. For example: Bayerisch Eisenstein Brtindelscher Berg Mecklenburger Bucht Wildenburgisches Land "Baien Eisenstein" "Brindel Mountain" "Mecklenburg Bay" "Wildenburg Land (region)" 4.1.4 Prepositional phrases in proper nouns are used to explain the geographical location of the place name. For example: Frankfurt am Main Kemnath am Buchberg Rohr in Niederbayern Sachsen bei Ansbach translated as "Frankfurt am Main" translated as "Kemnate at the foot of Buch" translated as "Rohr in Lower Bavaria" translated as "Saxony near Ansbach" 4.1.5 For proper nouns consisting of one syllable, add the corresponding common name of the place name or translate it with two Chinese characters. For example: Au translated as "Au Town" translated as "Bonn" translated as "Lahn River" 4.1.6 For the translation of place names named after people, add a dot "," between the parts of the name. For place names consisting of a person's name and a common name, a " is used to connect the proper noun and the common name. " is generally omitted and not translated. For example: Karl-Marx-Stadt Ludwigshafen Wilhelm-Pieck-Stadt Olsenshaven Translated as "Karl Marx City" Translated as "Ludwigshafen" Translated as "William Pieck City" Translated as "Olsen Port" 4.1.7 Proper names that clearly reflect the characteristics of geographical entities are generally translated in a literal sense. For example: Rheinisches Schiefergebirge Nord-sud-Karal 4.1.8 The literal translation of place names named after numerals. For example: Drei Schwestern Neunzehn-Kirchen-Berg translated as "Rhine Schist Mountains" translated as "North-South Canal" translated as "Sandime Mountain" translated as "Nineteen Churches Mountain" 4.1.9 Adjectives that modify proper nouns (such as those indicating direction, size, new and old, etc.) are translated literally. For example: Oberschoneberg Nieder-Ramstadt GroBe Laber Kleine Laber Neu-Ulm Alt Duvenstedt 4.2 Common names of place names (see Appendix B) Translated as "Upper Schoneberg" Translated as "Lower Ramstadt" Translated as "Great Laber" Translated as "Little Laber" Translated as "New Ulm" Translated as "Old Duvenstedt" 4.2.1 Common names of natural geographical entities are translated literally regardless of whether they are written separately or in conjunction with proper names. For example: Diemeltalsperre Haltener Talsperre Kap Arkona Selenter See Translate "Diemer Reservoir" Translate "Halten Reservoir" Translate "Cape Elcona" Translate "Selent Lake" 4.2.2 The common name of a settlement is transliterated when it is written together with the proper name, and translated when it is written separately from the proper name. For example: 390 Mellrichstadt Stadt Werben Titisee- Neustad GB/T 17693.3--1999 Translated as "Mellrichstadt" Translated as "Welbenstadt" Translated as "Titisee Neustadt" 4.2.3 For names of natural geographical entities that have only proper names, the corresponding common names should be added according to the category of the place name when translating into Chinese characters. For example: Brocken Helgoland 4.3' Rules for the translation of some letters 4.3.1 The consonant combination f is translated into Chinese characters according to the p and f rows of Table 1. For example: Pfieffe 4.3.2 The letter x is translated into Chinese characters according to the k and s rows of Table 1. For example: Lexgaard translated into "Brocken Mountain" translated into "Helgoland Island" translated into "Isar River" translated into "Pfeiffer" translated into "Lexgaard" 4.3.3 The letter combination ae is generally translated into Chinese characters according to the # row of Table 1, but in the place names in northwest Germany, it is translated into Chinese characters according to the a row of Table 1. For example: Aegidienburg Kevelaer Translated as "Aegidienburg" Translated as "Kevelaer" (northwest Germany) 4.3.4 The letter combination oe is generally translated according to the Chinese characters in row 18 of the table, but in the place names in northern Germany, it is translated according to the Chinese characters in row 10 of the table. For example: Oestrich Itzehoe Translated as "Oestrich" Translated as "Itzehoe" (northern Germany) 4.3.5 The letter combination ue is generally translated according to the Chinese characters in row lu of the table, but in the place names in southwestern Germany, it is translated according to the Chinese characters in row lu of the table. For example: Uelzen Bernkastel-Kues translated as "Yuelzen" translated as "Bernkastel-Kues" (southwest Germany) 4.3.6 The letter v- is generally translated into Chinese characters according to Table 1f; but when it is between two vowels in the place names of northern Germany, it is translated into Chinese characters according to Table 1v; foreign place names are also translated into Chinese characters according to Table 1v. For example: Valepp Leverkusen 4.3.7 The letter combination oey is generally translated into Chinese characters according to Table 18. For example: Bad Oeynhausen 4.3.8 The letter combination oi is generally translated into Chinese characters according to Table 1o. For example: Grevenbroich Troisdorf Translated as "Falep" Translated as "Leverkusen" (northern Germany) Translated as "Wals" (loanword) Translated as "Bad Oeynhausen" Translated as "Grevenbroich" Translated as "Trosdorf" 4.3.9 The letter combination ui is generally translated into Chinese characters according to Table 1 in the place names in northwest Germany. For example: Duisdorf Gruiten 4.3.10 The letter m is translated as n before b and p. For example: Jembke Klempau 4.3.11 The translation of the suffix of place names (see Appendix C). 5 German-Chinese transliteration table (see Table 1) 5.1 The pronunciation of the Chinese characters in Table 1 shall be based on the pronunciation of Mandarin. Translate "Disdorf" Translate "Gruten" Translate "Yenbuk" Translate "Kelunbao" 5.2 The writing of Chinese characters in Table 1 shall be based on the simplified Chinese characters announced by the State Language and Writing Committee. 5.3 The Chinese characters at the intersection of the vertical row of consonants and the horizontal row of vowels in Table 1 are the transliterated Chinese characters of the consonant and vowel spelling. When the vowel forms a syllable by itself, 391 GB/T17 693.3-1999 Use the Chinese characters in the vowel zero row in Table 1 to translate; when consonants other than n and ng are pronounced alone, use the Chinese characters in the consonant zero row in Table 1 to translate. 5.4 If the Chinese character translation results in a literal interpretation, the homophone of the syllable should be used for translation. For example, when "东", "南" and "西" appear at the beginning of a place name, use "栋", "楠" and "锡" to translate; when "海" appears at the end of a place name, use "亥" to translate. 5.5 The Chinese characters "雅", "玛", "娜", "莉", "丽", "琳", "妮", "丝", "莎", "蕾", "黛" and so on in Table 1 are used for place names named after female names. 5.6 "弗" in Table 1 is used at the beginning of a translated name; "夫" is used in the middle and end of a translated name. 392 GB/T 17693.3-1999 Make the front and Qiong with a Xia Xi painting its quantity is not "2 (County) (Heavy Road)o 908a Dong Ao Dai Figure/National (uka upe yua I Gn u:o uo m un ak uay u (ug)uma ()ng Ackemann Adenauer Adolff Affermann Bachmann Badenhausen Bauermann Biumer Baumgarten Bauuntller Be cher Benheim Benkhoff Bennholdt Bernstein Boegemann Boeheim Brandt Brecht Brentano Carsten Christiana Conurad Constantin Daeuble Dahlem Darniel Diuble Ackermann Adenauer Adolf Adolf GB/T 17693.3-1999 Appendix A (Standard Appendix) Table of translations of commonly used names in German Afermann Bachmann Badenhausen Baumann Bojmer Baumgarten Benheim Benkefuf Benchert Bernstein Bushimer Bergmann Benheim Brandt Brestacht Brentano Carsten Christiana Conrad Constantine Doibkan||tt| |Dahlem Daniel Deubler Denzel Dietrich Eckmann Eckstein Effkemann Einstein Elisabeth Engels Erhard Eachenbach Estenfeld Feuerbach Findorff Fischer -Fraenzel Fredemarn Friederich Fitzer Gasten Gehamann Geller Genscher Gertard Gohrbrandt Gottlieb Groffmann Grosskopf Gruetz Gunter Gainther Dentzel Ditsch Ekman Eckstein Efkman||t t||Einstein Elizabeth Engels Ehard Eschenbach Estenfeld Feuerbach Fendorf Fischer Frenzel, Friedmann Friedrich Fritzel Gasten German Gerhard German Golbrandt Gottlieb Grofmann Groskopf Glütz Haarmeyer Hannover | | tt | t||Helmut Hermann Herzog Heumann Hi tler Jenssen Joachim Hallmeier Hannover Hartkopf Hassler Hoffmann Hauser Haustein Havel Hebel Hegel Hemeier Heidenheim Heinz Helena Helene Helmut Hermann Herzog Heumann Hitler Joachim GB/T 17693.3--1999 Table A1 (End) Johannes Josefine Jurgen Kauffmann||tt| |Ludwig Muller Neumann Ottomann Reinhold Richard||tt| t Schwartzkopff Schwarzkopf Ulbricht Vandenburg Waldheim Walter Wermer Wolfgang Wolfram Ziegler Johannes Joseph Josephine Jurgen Kaufmann Ludwig Max Neumann|| tt||Ottoman Reinhold Richard Schmidt Schwarzkopf Schwarzkopf Ulbrich Vandenberg Wald Waldheim Walter Walz Werner Wolfgang Wolfram Werner Ziegler Ach(e) Alp(e) B ahnhof | ,-en Flughafen GB/T 17693.3—1999 Appendix B (Standard Appendix) Translation table of common names of German place names Baths, mineral springs Railway stations Monuments Gebiet Gebirge Gegend Gemeinde Gipfel Gletscher Graben Halbinsel Hallig Hauptstadt Hochland Kirche,-n District, region Township, town Bay , Cape (marsh) Island Landschaft Market Marech Meerbusen Meerenge Mittel Mundung Nationalkreis Naturschutzpark Ortschaft Plateaut|| tt||Platte Provinz Quelle Republik Ruine,-n Sandbank Sandwliste, -n Sea, Lake Nationality Area GB/T 17693.3—1999 End of Table B1) Nature Reserve Republic SchloB Station Stausee Strand StraBe Talspere Tunnel Vulkan Wasser Wasserfall Watt,-en Weiher Weiler Wiese,-n street, road, strait pond(pond) word-forming elements -bauerwww.bzxz.net -bromn -bruck -bruck -brunn -feld(er) -furth -hofen -horst -hutten Brook Buchank GB/T 17693.3--1999 Appendix C (Standard Appendix) Translation table of commonly used word-forming elements of German place names Shech (after a, o, u, au) Feld Holtz Horst Word-forming elements -kirch -kirchen -lingen -mtind(e) -point -reuth -nm(n)|| tt||-schaid -schei(d)t -schen -scher -stadt -statt Poynter Reuter Scheide Scheide Statt Statt -stedt -stein Word-forming elements -than(n) Statt Stein GB/T 17693.3-1999 Table C1(end) Word-forming elements -weiler Wald Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. 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