This part of the standard is formulated to facilitate international communication in information processing. This standard gives the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing and clarifies the relationship between these items. This standard defines concepts such as character sets, codes, graphic characters, control characters, strings, words, data sets, separators and identifiers. GB/T 5271.4-2000 Information Technology Vocabulary Part 4: Organization of Data GB/T5271.4-2000 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB/T5271.4--2000
This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO/IEC2382-4:1987 "Information Technology Vocabulary Part 4: Organization of Data". Except for the introduction of the original international standard, this standard is basically consistent with the original international standard in other contents and forms. This standard replaces the national standard GB/T5271.4--1985 from the date of implementation. The purpose of formulating information technology vocabulary standards is to facilitate international communication in information processing. It provides the terms and definitions of concepts related to information processing, and clarifies the relationship between each terminology entry. This standard mainly focuses on concepts such as character sets, codes, graphic characters, control characters, strings, words, data sets, separators and identifiers. The GB/T5271 terminology series national standards consists of more than 30 parts, all under the general title "Information Technology Vocabulary". This standard is the 4th part of the GB/T5271 terminology series national standards. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Information Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The drafting unit of this standard: China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Ying, Huang Jiaying, Zhang Hongxian and Wang Youzhi. This standard was first published on March 11, 1985. 173
GB/T5271.4---2000
ISO/IEC Foreword
IS(International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) are worldwide specialized standardization organizations. National member bodies (which are all members of ISO or IEC) participate in the formulation of international standards for specific technical scopes through various technical committees established by international organizations. ISO) and IEC's technical committees cooperate in areas of common interest. Other official and non-official international organizations in contact with ISO and IEC may also participate in the formulation of international standards. For information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, namely ISO/IECJTC1. The draft international standard proposed by the joint technical committee shall be circulated to national member bodies for voting. At least 75% of the national member bodies participating in the voting shall vote in favor of publishing an international standard.
International Standard ISO/IEC 2382-4 was prepared by the Vocabulary Subcommittee SC1 of the Joint Technical Committee for Information Technology of ISO/IEC JTC1.
ISO)/IEC 2382 consists of more than 30 parts, all under the general title "Information Technology Vocabulary". 176
1 Overview
1.1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Information Technology Vocabulary
Part 4: Organization of Data
Information Technology---Vocabulary-Part 4:Organization of Data
GB/T 5271.4--2000
eqvISO/IEC 2382-4:1987
Replaces GB/T 5271.4-1985
This part of the standard is prepared to facilitate international communication in information processing. This standard gives the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing, and clarifies the relationship between these items. In order to facilitate the translation of this standard into other languages, the definitions given avoid language specificity as much as possible. This standard defines concepts such as character sets, codes, graphic characters, control characters, strings, words, data sets, separators and identifiers. 1.2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T1988-1998 Information technology - Seven-bit coded character set for information exchange (eqvISO/IEC646:1991) GB/T2311-2000 Information technology - Character code structure and extension technology (eqISO2022:1994) GB/T 4880-1991
Language name code (eqvISO639:1988) GB/T 5261-19941
Information processing - Control functions for seven-bit and eight-bit coded character sets (idtISO6429:1988) GB/T8565.1-1988 Information processing - Coded character sets for text communication - Part 1 - General rules (eqvISO 6937:1985)
GB/T 11383--1989
Information processing-Structure and encoding rules for eight-bit codes for information exchange (idtISO4873:1986) GB/T15237-1994 Basic vocabulary of terminology (eqvISO1087:1990) 1.3 Principles and rules to be followed
1.3.1 Definition of terms
Chapter 2 includes many terms. Each term consists of several required elements, including an index number, a term or several synonyms and a phrase that defines a concept. In addition, an entry may include examples, annotations or explanations to facilitate understanding of the concept. Sometimes the same term can be defined by different terms, or an entry can include two or more concepts, as explained in 1.3.5 and 1.3.8 respectively. This standard uses other terms, such as vocabulary, concepts, terms and definitions, whose meanings are defined in GB/T15237. 1.3.2 Composition of entries
Each entry shall include the required elements specified in 1.3.1 and may include additional elements if necessary. The entries include the following elements in the following order:
a) index number (common to all languages ​​in which this standard is published); b) term or preferred term in a language. If there is no preferred term for a concept in a language, it is indicated by a five-dot symbol (.); in a term, dots are used to indicate the term selected in each specific instance; c) preferred term in a country (indicated according to the rules of GB/T 4880); approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on July 14, 2000 and implemented on March 1, 2001
d) synonymous terms permitted by the abbreviation of the term; e) the text of the definition (see 1.3.4);
f) one or more examples beginning with "例"; GB/T 5271. 4--2000
g) one or more notes indicating special instances of the concept application field beginning with "注"; h) pictures, diagrams or tables common to the entries. 1.3.3 Classification of entries
Each part of this series of standards is assigned a two-digit serial number, starting with 01 for "Basic terms" The entries are classified into groups, each group is assigned a four-digit serial number; the first two digits indicate the part of this series of standards in which the group is located.
Each entry is assigned a six-digit index number; the first four digits indicate the standard part and group in which the entry is located. In order to make the versions of this series of standards in different languages ​​all related, the serial numbers assigned to the standard parts, groups and entries should be the same. 1.3.4 Choice of terms and definitions
The terms and definitions are selected as far as possible in accordance with established usage. When conflicts arise, the method of majority agreement is adopted. 1.3.5 Polysemous terms
If a given term has several meanings in a working language, each meaning is given a separate entry to facilitate translation into other languages.
1.3.6 Abbreviations
As indicated in 1.3.2, currently used abbreviations are assigned to some terms. These abbreviations are not used in the text of definitions, examples or notes.
1.3.7 Use of parentheses
In some terms, a word or several words printed in bold are placed in parentheses. These words are part of the complete term. When the use of abbreviated terms in technical articles does not affect the meaning of the context, these words can be abbreviated. In the main text of definitions, examples or notes of GB/T5271, these terms are used in full form. In some entries, the term is followed by words in ordinary font placed in brackets. These words are not part of the term, but indicate relevant information about the use of the term, such as its special application range or its grammatical form. 1.3.8 Use of square brackets
If the definitions of several closely related terms are only different by a few words, these terms and their definitions are classified into one entry. Alternative words to indicate different meanings are placed in square brackets in the same order as in the term and definition. To avoid ambiguity of the replaced word, the last word placed before the brackets according to the above rules may be placed inside the square brackets and repeated once for each change. 1.3.9 Use of boldface terms and use of asterisks in definitions When a term is printed in boldface in a definition, example or note, it indicates that the term has been defined in another entry of this vocabulary. However, the term is printed in boldface only when it first appears in each entry. Boldface is also used for other grammatical forms of a term, such as plural nouns and participle forms of verbs. The basic forms of all terms that appear in boldface in GB/T 5271 are listed in the index at the end of this part (see 1.3.11). When two boldface terms are cited one after another in different entries, they are separated by an asterisk (or only by punctuation).
Words or terms that appear in ordinary font are to be understood as defined in general dictionaries or authoritative technical vocabulary. 1.3.10 Spelling
In the English version of this series of standards, the spelling of terms, definitions, examples and notes generally follows the American English spelling. Other correct spellings may be used without conflicting with this series of standards. 1.3.11 Preparation of index tables
For each language used, an alphabetical index is provided at the end of each part. The index includes all the terms defined in that part. The local terms appear in alphabetical order after each keyword. 178
2 Terms and definitions
04 Organization of data
04.01 Character set
04.01.01 Character
character
GB/T 5271.4-2000
A member of a set of elements used to represent, organize or control data. Note: Characters can be classified as follows:
Graphic characters →
Ideographic characters
(Special characters
Transmission control characters
Control characters
Code extension characters
Format control characters
Device control characters
04.01.02 Character set character set A finite set of different characters that is complete for a given purpose. Example: International standard version of GB/T1988 character set. 04. 01. 03 Alphabetic character set A character set that contains letters, control characters and special characters, but does not contain numbers. 04. 01. 04
1 Numeric character set A character set that contains numbers, control characters and special characters, but usually does not contain letters. 04.01.05
5 Alphanumeric character set, alphanumeric character set04. 01. 06
A character set that contains letters and numbers and may also contain control characters and special characters. 5 Binary character set A character set consisting of two characters.
04.02 Code
04.02.01 Code code
Coding scheme
A collection of rules for mapping elements of one set to elements of another set. NOTE
1 An element can be a character or a string.
2 The first set is the code set and the second set is the code element set. 3 An element of a code element set can be associated with multiple elements of the code set, but not vice versa. Coded set
04. 02. 02
A set of elements that is mapped to another set of elements according to a code. Example: A list of airport names mapped to a corresponding set of three-letter abbreviations. Coded character set coded character set set04.02.03
code (deprecated in this sense)code(deprecated in this sense）A code set whose elements are single characters. Example: characters in an alphabet mapped onto a set such as a 7-bit binary string. 04.02.04 code elementcode valuecode value
GB/T 5271.4—2000
coded representationcoded representationcode(deprecated in this sense)data code(deprecated in this sense)The result of applying a code to an element of a code set. Example
1For the three-letter representation of airport names, CDG\ represents Paris Charles-De-Gaulle Airport. 2The 7 binary digits representing the deleted character in GB/T1988. code element setcode element set
04. 02. 05
code setcode set
code(deprecated in this sense)data code set(deprecated in this sense)the result of applying a code to all elements of a code set. Example: the three-letter international representation of the names of all airports. 04.02.06alphanumericalphanumericbinarycodealphabetic[numericalphanumericbinary]codeA code that produces a code element set whose elements consist of characters from the alpha*[numeric][alphanumeric][binary]* character set. 04.02.07alpha[numericalphanumeric[binarycodedset
a code set whose elements consist of characters from the alpha*[numeric][alphanumeric][binary]* character set. 04.03 Graphic characterbZxz.net
04.03.01 Graphic character04. 03. 02
A character that is not a control character and that has a visual representation, usually produced by writing, printing, or displaying. Letter
A graphic character that, when used alone or in combination with other characters, primarily represents a sound element of a spoken language. Note: Diacritical marks and punctuation marks used alone are not letters. 04.03.03 Alphabet
An ordered set of characters whose order is agreed upon. Note: This definition also includes the alphabet of a natural language, consisting of those characters represented by letters, including letters with diacritical marks. 04.03.04 Ideogram
Ideographic character A graphic character that represents an object or concept and its associated sound element in a natural language. Examples: Chinese ideograms or Japanese kanji.
04. 03, 05
digit
numeric character
F numeric character
A character representing a non-negative integer.
Example: One of the characters 0 to F in the hexadecimal notation. 04.03.06decimal digitdecimal digit used for numbers in the decimal notation.
Example: Arabic numerals 0 to 9.
04.03.07bit
binary digitbinarydigit
used for the digits 0 or 1 in pure binary notation. 3binary character186
Each character in the binary character set.
GB/T 5271.4—2000
Example: T (true) or F (false), Y (yes) or N (no). 04.03.09 Blank (character) A character that is a blank space in a graphic character string. Example: b used in some programming languages.
Note: Blank is different from spacing (see 04.04.03). 04.03.10 Special character A special character is not a letter, a number, or a blank character, and is not usually a graphic character that represents meaning. Examples: punctuation marks, currency symbols, percent signs, mathematical symbols. 04.04 Control characters
04.04.01 Control character
f control character
A character that specifies a control function and appears in a specific context. Note
1 Control characters can be recorded for subsequent actions. 2 Control characters are not graphic characters, but may have graphic representations in some cases. 3 Control characters are described in GB/T1988 and GB/T5261. 04.04.02 Transmission control character transmission control character A control character used to control or facilitate the transmission of data between data terminal equipment. Note: Transmission control characters are described in GB/T1988 and GB/T5261. 04.04.03
Space character
A character that advances the print or display position by one position along a straight line without generating any graphic characters. Note: Space characters are described in GB/T1988, GB/T11383 and GB/T8565.1. format effector format effector
layout character layout character
A control character for positioning data for printing, display or recording Note: format effectors are described in GB/T1988 and GB/T5261. 04.Q4. 05 code extension character code extension character A control character that indicates that one or more subsequent coded elements are to be interpreted according to a different code. Note: code extension characters are described in GB/T1988 and GB/T7589. 04.04.06 device control character devicecontrol character A control character that is used to specify control functions for peripheral devices associated with a computer system. Note: device control characters are described in GB/T1988 and GB/T5261. 04.05 string
04.05.01 string string
A sequence of elements (e.g., characters) with the same properties considered as a whole. 04.05.02
symbol[character]］[alphabetic][binary digit] string A string consisting entirely of symbols*［character+alphabetic][binary digit］. 04.05.03null string
A string that contains no elements.
unit string
A string that contains one element.
04.05.05position
Any position in a string that can be occupied by an element, identified by a sequence number. 04.05.06n-bit byte
A string consisting of n bits.
04.05.07byte
octet
8-bit byte8-bit byte
A string consisting of eight bits.
04.06.01 word
GB/T 5271.4--2000
A character string considered as a unit for a given purpose. 04.06.02 alphabetic word A word consisting of letters from the same alphabet. 04.06.03 numerie word
A word consisting of numerals and possibly spacing characters and special characters. Example: In the Universal Decimal Classification, the numerie word 61 (03)=20 is used to identify the English medical encyclopedia. 04.06.04 computer word machine word
A word usually considered as a unit, which is suitable for processing by a specified computer. 04. 06. 05
Word size;word length
The number of characters in a word.
04.07 Data set
04.07.01 data elementdata elementA unit of data that is considered indivisible in a certain contextExample: the data element for "age of a person" consists of all combinations of three decimal digits. 04. 07. 02
fieldfield
A specified range of data elements in a data medium or storage used for a particular class of data elements. Example: A set of character positions used to enter or display a salary grade on a screen. 04.07.03
3recordrecord
A collection of data elements considered as a unit.
04. 07.04
logical recordlogical record
A collection of related data elements considered as a record from a logical point of view. 04.07.05physical recordphysical recordA record considered in terms of its physical location in a data medium or storage. record lengthrecord length
record sizerecord size
-the number of bytes (or any other appropriate unit) in a record. 04. 07. 07
blockblock
a sequence of elements recorded or transmitted as a unit. Note: An element here can be a character, word or record. 04.07.08block sizeblock size
block lengthblock length
\the number of bytes (or any other appropriate unit) in a block. 04.07.09blockingfactorblockingfactorthe number of records to be contained in a block.
04.07.10filefile
GB/T 5271.4---2000
a named collection of records stored or processed as a unit. file updatingfile updating
the activity of adding, deleting or changing data in a file. File maintenancefile maintenance
04. 07. 12
The activity of updating or reorganizing files.
04.07.13 tabletable
An arrangement of data, each of which can be identified by a variable or keyword. 04.07.14 (General) database; data bankdata bankA set of data related to a given subject, organized according to the method of user query04.07.15 databasedatabase
A data structure that accepts, stores and provides required data for multiple independent users. 04.08 (Column) list
04.08.01 (Column) list
An ordered collection of data elements.
Linked list chained list; linked list04.08.02
a list whose data elements may be scattered in the memory, but each data element contains information for locating the next data element.
04.08.03Symmetrical list
symmetricalJist
a linked list in which each data element contains information for locating the previous data element.Linear listlinear list
a set of data elements in linear order, the order of which is retained in the memory by sequential allocation.04.08.05
pushdown listpushdown stack
a list constructed and maintained in such a way that the next data to be retrieved is the last to be stored. Note: This method is summarized as "last in, first out" (L.IFO).04.08. 06 queuequeue
pushup list
A list constructed and maintained in such a way that the next data element to be retrieved is the first to be stored. Note: This method is summarized as "first in, first out" (FIFO).04.08.07 list processing list processing A method of processing data in the form of lists. Note: Linked lists are usually used so that the order of data elements can be changed without changing their physical location.04.09 Delimiters and identifiers
04.09.01 delimiter
One or more characters indicating the beginning or end of a string.04.09.02identifieridentifier One or more characters used to identify or name a data element and possibly to indicate certain characteristics of the data element. 04.09.03labellabel An identifier within or attached to a collection of data elements. 04.09.04keywordkey An identifier within a collection of data elements.
04.09.05# Pointer pointer A data element that indicates the location of another data element. 18s Coding representation Coding scheme Coding set Code set Coded character set 8-bit group 8-bit byte Label.
Identifier
Table
Ideographic
Ideographic character
Layout character
Transmission control character
Code set
Code extension character
Code element
Code element set
Code value
Unit string
Delimiter
Symmetric (column) table
Binary digit
Binary character
Binary character
Binary character set
GB/T5271.4—2000
Chinese index
04. 04.04
..04.02.01
Blocking factor
(Pan) database
Symbol [character alpha binary number] string…04.05.02G
Format control character
Keyword
Machine word
Computer word
Record length
Record size
Spacing character
Blank
Control character
Block length
Block size
Linked table
Table
Table processing
Logical record
n-bit byte
Push up table
Device control character
Decimal number
04. 09.04
Database
Data bank
Data element
Digital word
Digital character
Digital character set
Special character
Graphic character
File update
File maintenance
Physical record
(Push down) stack
alphabet
alphabetic character set ...alphabetic word
GB/T 5271.4—2000
04. 07.14
04. 07.01
Pushdown list
Linear list
Character set
Alphabetic [numeric alphanumeric binary]
Coded set
Alphabetic [numeric alphanumeric binary] code…
Alphabetic table
Alphabetic character set
Alphabetic word
Alphabetic character set
English index
alphabetic [numeric JLalphabetic J[binary Jcoded set ..alphabetic [numeric Jalphanumeric J[binary codealphanumeric character set
binary character
binary character set
binary digit ........
blank(character) ..
block length
block size
blocking factor
chained list
character
character set
code element
code element set
codeextension character
code set
code value.
coded character set
coded representation
coded set
coding scheme
computer word
control character
data bank
data element
database
decimal digit
delimiter
device control character
8-bit byte
file maintenance
file updating
format effector
graphic character
GB/T 5271. 4—2000
pintongpin
04. 01. 01
04. 02.04
04. 07.01
04. 07.15
04. 07. 12
04. 07.114—2000
04. 07.14
04. 07.01
Pushdown list
Linear list
Character set
Alphabetic [numeric alphanumeric binary]
Coded set
Alphabetic [numeric alphanumeric binary] code…
Alphabetic table
Alphabetic character set
Alphabetic character
Alphabetic character set
English index
alphabetic [numeric JLalphabetic J[binary Jcoded set ..alphabetic [numeric Jalphanumeric J[binary codealphanumeric character set
binary character
binary character set
binary digit ........
blank(character) ..
block length
block size
blocking factor
chained list
character
character set
code element
code element set
codeextension character
code set
code value.
coded character set
coded representation
coded set
coding scheme
computer word
control character
data bank
data element
database
decimal digit
delimiter
device control character
8-bit byte
file maintenance||tt| updating
format effector
graphic character | 12
04. 07.114—2000
04. 07.14
04. 07.01
Pushdown list
Linear list
Character set
Alphabetic [numeric alphanumeric binary]
Coded set
Alphabetic [numeric alphanumeric binary] code…
Alphabetic table
Alphabetic character set
Alphabetic character
Alphabetic character set
English index
alphabetic [numeric JLalphabetic J[binary Jcoded set ..alphabetic [numeric Jalphanumeric J[binary codealphanumeric character set
binary character
binary character set
binary digit ........
blank(character) ..
block length
block size
blocking factor
chained list
character
character set
code element
code element set
codeextension character
code set
code value.
coded character set
coded representation
coded set
coding scheme
computer word
control character
data bank
data element
database
decimal digit
delimiter
device control character
8-bit byte
file maintenance||tt| updating
format effector
graphic character | 12
04. 07.11
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