GB/T 3873-1983 General technical requirements for packaging of communication equipment products
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T3873—1983
General Specifications for Products Packaging of Communication Equipments
Published on October 6, 1983
National Bureau of Standards
Implementation on May 1, 1984
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General Specifications for Products Packaging of Communication Equipments
:654
GB/T3873—1983
This standard applies to the storage, transportation and packaging of products that constitute communication network equipment (hereinafter referred to as products). It is a general technical condition to protect the integrity of products during transportation, loading and unloading and storage. 1 General Principles
1.1 Product packaging should be designed according to the nature of the product and the environmental conditions of storage and transportation. It is required to be well protected, compact, reliable, economical and beautiful, to ensure that the product will not be damaged or the quality will be reduced due to packaging during loading and unloading, transportation and storage validity period.
1.2 Before the new product is put into production, it must have product packaging standards and design documents that meet the requirements of this standard. 1.3 The product packaging specified in this standard is valid for two years from the date of packaging. During this period, the warehouse where the product is stored should have good ventilation, the indoor temperature should be -10~+40℃, the relative humidity should not exceed 75%, the acid, alkaline or other harmful gases in the air should meet the requirements of environmental protection regulations, and the packages that need to be moisture-proof should be placed on the rack more than 30cm above the ground and 40cm away from the wall. 1.4 In special circumstances, according to the specific requirements of product storage and transportation, it should be carried out according to the agreement between the supply and demand parties. 1.5 Matters not specified in this standard should be implemented in accordance with the relevant standards for railway, highway, waterway, air transportation and packaging. 2 Technical requirements
2.1 Basic requirements for product packaging
2.1.1 Products must pass the inspection, and their accessories, spare parts and technical documents must be complete. 2.1.2 Product packaging operations should be carried out strictly in accordance with the product packaging technical documents. 2.1.3 The product packaging environment should be well ventilated, clean, dry, and free of harmful media. The packaged products should be packaged in an environment with a relative humidity of no more than 75% at room temperature. 2.1.4 Packaging materials and packaging containers must be kept dry and tidy, and meet the requirements of Articles 2.2 and 2.3 of this standard. Packaging materials in direct contact with the product should not have any corrosive or other harmful effects. 2.1.5 The packaged product should not be loose, collide or rotate in the packaging container. When packaging non-plastic products, the product should not be in direct contact with the inner wall of the packaging container to avoid damage to the product due to external impact. 2.2 Types and requirements of product packaging protection
2.2.1 Simple packaging
General packaging that only plays a general protective role during storage and transportation, and does not require rainproof, moisture-proof, or shockproof. 2.2.2 Rainproof packaging
2.2.2.1 When packaging products, the surface or inner wall of the packaging container is coated or lined with waterproof materials to prevent rainwater from dripping, splashing, or penetrating into the inner packaging products. The packaging container (except corrugated paper boxes) should be able to withstand continuous vertical spraying of 100±201/m2·h without water seepage or leakage on the inner wall.
2.2.2.2 In addition to having good water resistance and water resistance, rainproof materials also have a certain tensile strength. Commonly used rainproof materials include: asphalt, petroleum asphalt felt, petroleum asphalt oil paper, plastic film, plastic composite materials, etc. 2.2.3 Moisture-proof packaging
2.2.3.1 Products that have been treated to be moisture-proof are divided into primary moisture-proof packaging and secondary moisture-proof packaging according to the structure of the product and the requirements of the storage and transportation environment of different countries. GB/T3873-1983 issued by the National Bureau of Standards on October 6, 1983 and implemented on May 1, 1984. a. Primary moisture-proof packaging
Before packaging, the product should be placed in an environment with a temperature below 20°C and a relative humidity below 65% for 24 hours for pretreatment, and the product should be sealed with a low moisture permeability moisture-proof sealing material and an appropriate amount of moisture absorbent for packaging. The surface and interior of the packaged product are not allowed to rust or mildew during the validity period of the packaging.
b. Secondary moisture-proof packaging
Use low moisture-proof sealing materials and appropriate amount of moisture absorbent to seal the product and carry out packaging operations according to the requirements of 2.1.3. No traces of water vapor are allowed on the surface and inside of the packaged product during the validity period of the packaging. 2.2.3.2 Moisture-proof materials should meet the following requirements: a. Good water resistance, and its moisture permeability should be less than 10g/m2·24h. Commonly used moisture-proof materials include: polyethylene film, aluminum-plastic composite film, wax-impregnated paper, moisture absorbent, etc. b. Various plastic film bags (containers) used for moisture-proof sealed packaging should be complete, without damage and pinholes. The moisture permeability of the sealed part cannot be greater than the moisture permeability of the material itself.
c. The moisture content of the moisture absorbent shall not be greater than 4%. 2.2.4 Shockproof packaging
2.2.4.1 Shockproof packaging should be carried out for products that are precise, sensitive or have fragile structures. After the shockproof test, the shockproof packaging should meet the following requirements:
a. The structure of the packaging container should be free of deformation and functional damage. b. The product surface and its parts should not have mechanical damage. c. After adjustment and testing, the various indicators of the product should be within the tolerance and adjustment range. 2.2.4.2 According to the characteristics of the product, choose appropriate shockproof materials. Commonly used shockproof materials include: corrugated cardboard, expandable polystyrene foam, rubber, sponge, plastic air cushion, polyurethane foam plastic and springs. 2.2.5 Anti-rust packaging
2.2.5.1 For products that need to be treated with anti-rust and metal surfaces that are prone to rust, anti-rust treatment should be carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations on product anti-rust, and there should be no rust during the validity period of the product packaging. 2.2.5.2 Anti-rust materials should meet the following requirements: a. They should have good adhesion to metal surfaces, be non-corrosive, and be easy to remove. b. Commonly used anti-rust materials include: neutral sodium benzoate anti-rust paper, No. 19 anti-rust paper, 201 anti-rust grease, etc. 2.2.6 Anti-mildew packaging
2.2.6.1 Anti-mildew packaging should be carried out for products that need anti-mildew treatment. 2.2.6.2 Anti-mildew materials should have the following requirements: a. Anti-mildew materials should have extremely low toxicity to humans and have a strong inhibitory or bactericidal effect on mold. b. Anti-mildew materials should have a good anti-mildew effect on product quality. 2.3 Types and requirements of packaging containers
2.3.1 Wooden boxes
2.3.1.1 Commonly used wooden boxes include medium and small wooden boxes, plywood wooden boxes, large wooden boxes and lattice wooden boxes. 2.3.1.2 Requirements for wooden boxes
&. Wooden boxes used for rainproof packaging and moisture-proof packaging should ensure tight joints. b. The moisture content of wooden box materials should not exceed 20%. c. The wood should not be rotten, mildewed, water-stained, damaged, resinous, or have a whole piece of skin. The defects of the wood should not affect the strength of the structure.
d. The quality of plywood should be selected in accordance with the provisions of GB1349-1978 "Coniferous Plywood" and GB738-1975 "Broad-leaved Plywood".
e. Fiberboard should be selected in accordance with the provisions of GB1923-1980 "Hard Fiberboard". 2
GB/T3873-1983
f. The strength of a fully loaded wooden box should meet the pressure-bearing requirement of 0.1kgf/cm2. When the weight under pressure is less than 500kf, it shall be calculated as 500kgf.
2.3.1.3 Reinforcement of wooden boxes
According to the weight of the product and the size of the box, the wooden box should be reinforced with appropriate box stops, oxidized steel belts or corner wraps. The steel strip should meet the requirements of YB2091963 "Low Carbon Steel Cold Rolled Steel Strip". 2.3.2 Corrugated Boxes
2.3.2.1 The types of corrugated boxes generally include double-lid corrugated boxes, large-bale-lid corrugated boxes and top-bottom-lid corrugated boxes. 2.3.2.2 Requirements for Corrugated Boxes
a. After the box is formed, the box shape is square, the four corners are firm, there are no overlapping corners, no holes, no degumming, and the box lids are neatly aligned. b. The surface of the corrugated box (except the sealing part) should generally be coated with moisture-proof oil. c. The quality of paper used for corrugated boxes should meet the requirements of QB605-1973 "Kraft Liner Board". d. The moisture content of the corrugated box should not exceed 12%. e. The strength of a fully loaded corrugated box (including calcium plastic corrugated box) should reach 0.05kgf/cm2 or more pressure requirements. If it is less than 200kgf, it shall be calculated as 200kgf.
2.3.2.3 Reinforcement of corrugated boxes
Corrugated boxes are reinforced with sealing nails or pressure-sensitive tapes and plastic strapping tapes. 2.4 Requirements for other packaging containers
2.4.1 Any other material that meets the requirements of 2.2 and 2.3 can be used as packaging boxes or structural components of packaging boxes, such as steel, reinforced concrete, magnesia concrete, etc.
2.4.2 Magnesia concrete chassis shall comply with the provisions of "Magnesia Concrete Packaging Chassis" issued by the State Administration of Materials. 3 Test methods
3.1 Except for the existing regulations, the test environment conditions are generally carried out under normal atmospheric conditions. The marking method of each part of the transport package shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB3538-1983 "Marking method of each part of the transport package". 3.2 If the transport package needs to be subjected to rain test, moisture test, lifting test, stacking test, vibration test, impact test, pendulum test, drop test, rollover test, and road transport test, the method specified in Appendix A shall be followed. 4 Box surface markings and random documents
4.1 Box surface markings
The markings on the packaging box surface include the shipping mark, storage and transportation operation mark, and box number mark. 4.1.1 The shipping mark generally includes the following: a. Product model, name and quantity,
b, factory number and box number (or contract number); c. Box size (length × width × height): in centimeters d. Gross weight: in kilograms,
e. Packing date: year, month,
f. Destination (port) and receiving unit;
name. Departure station (port) and shipping unit.
4.1.2 Storage and transportation operation signs
a. It should be in accordance with the provisions of GB19073 "Dangerous Goods Packaging Marking" and GB191-73 "Packaging Storage and Transportation Instructions". b. For any package that needs to be lifted, if the center of gravity of the product is obviously deviated from the center of the package, the words "center of gravity" and "lift from here" should be marked on the corresponding position of the package. 4.1.3 Box number marking
When the product is packed in multiple boxes, the box number is expressed as a fraction, the numerator is the box number, the denominator is the total number of boxes, and the main box should be the first box. 3
4.2 Marking method
GB/T3873-1983
The box surface mark should be accurately, clearly and firmly marked on the two end faces or sides of the box body with non-fading paint or ink. For packages that cannot be directly sprayed with signs, signboards can be ordered or hung in obvious places. The number of signboards for each package should be no less than 2. 4.3 Random Documentswww.bzxz.net
4.3.1 Random Documents shall generally include the following: a. Product Instructions;
b. Certificate of Conformity;
c. Packing List;
d. Technical Documents.
4.3.2 Random Documents may generally be packed in plastic bags or paper bags and placed in the packaging box. When the product is packed in multiple boxes, the random documents shall be placed in the main box, and each sub-box shall only contain the packing list of the box. 5 Inspection Rules
The inspection of complete and fully packed packages is divided into finalization test, factory inspection and routine test. 5.1 Finalization Test
5.1.1 In order to assess whether the packaging of batch-produced products or new products meets the requirements of this standard, finalization tests shall be carried out in the following situations.
5.1.1.1 When the packaging of a newly designed product is finalized. 5.1.1.2 When there are major changes in the packaging design, packaging process and packaging materials. 5.1.1.3 When the product is transferred from other factories for the first time. 5.1.2 The finalization test shall be carried out comprehensively according to the nature of the product and the packaging requirements of different protection types, as specified in the following table. 5.1.3 The test samples shall be no less than 3 without special reasons. 5.1.4 If there are unqualified items in the test results, retest until they are qualified after improving the packaging structure. Packaging protection type
Easy packaging
Rainproof packaging
Moisture-proof, rust-proof, and mildew-proof packaging
Drop test for packages not larger than 100kg (excluding packages with sliding wood structures) shall be carried out according to the provisions of Table A4.
Drop test for packages larger than 100kg (including packages with sliding wood structures) on the surface, edge, or corner shall be carried out according to the provisions of Table A5.
Note: The order of the test items shall be carried out in the order of the serial numbers in the table. 5.2 Routine tests
1. Stacking test
Test items
Stacking test, lifting test
Rain test
Damp heat test
2. Impact test and vibration test or road transport test3. Artificial tumbling test and drop test or hexagonal roller test1. Lifting test
2. Stacking test
3. Road transport test
4. Face or edge or corner drop test
5. Pendulum test
GB/T3873—1983
5.2.1 In order to assess the stability of the packaging process of batch-produced products and the protective quality of the packaging, the routine test of the protective packaging of the product rainproof and shockproof type should be carried out at the same time as the routine test of the product. 5.2.2 The rainproof item adopts the rainproof test. The anti-vibration test can be carried out in any of the following items: highway transport test, free fall test, or face and corner fall test.
5.2.3 If the test fails, the test shall be repeated twice. If it still fails, quality analysis shall be conducted to find out the reasons until it passes. At the same time, the packaging of this batch of products shall be inspected one by one, and the unqualified items shall be corrected before they can be shipped out of the factory. 5.3 Factory inspection
5.3.1 Inspection of packaging materials: The packaging materials are collected in batches, and 2% of each batch is sampled for inspection according to the relevant provisions of 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4.
5.3.2 Inspection of packaging containers: 20% of the packaging containers are sampled from the daily packaging volume, and the appearance inspection is carried out according to the provisions of 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, and 4.2.
5.3.3 Inspection of packaging contents: 10% of the daily packaging volume is sampled for inspection according to the packing list. 5.3.4 Package inspection: Packages must be firmly sealed, have a complete appearance, and have clear and complete markings. 5.3.5 Samples shall be rounded off if the number is less than one. If there is a decimal, it shall be rounded off to the nearest integer. 5.3.6 If the two tests of 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 are unqualified, the unqualified items shall be checked one by one in the products to be loaded. 5
A.1 Rain test
A.1.1 Test purpose
GB/T 3873—1983
Appendix A
Test method for transport packages
(Supplement)
Spray water on the packages at room temperature for a specified time. Test the package's ability to resist rain. A.1.2 Test equipment and site
a. The test site is a flat ground with wooden fences to allow water to flow. The coverage area of the rain shall be at least 50% larger than the bottom of the package being tested.
b. The rain device shall be able to spray 100±201/m2·h of water and make the water fall vertically on the top surface of the package 2m away from the nozzle.
A.1.3 Test method
A.1.3.1 Calibration of the amount of rain
a. The amount of rain must be calibrated before the rain test, and the water spray must be sufficient and uniform. b. The calibration of the amount of rain is to place several identical containers with an opening area of 0.25~0.50m and a depth of 0.25~0.50m evenly on the ground, and the area occupied is at least 25% of the test area. Then, turn on the nozzle and measure the time required for the first and last containers to be filled and overflow with water. The time required for the first container shall not exceed the rate of 1201/m2·h, and the time required for the last container shall not be less than the rate of 801/m2·h. A.1.3.2 Test steps
a. Place the tested package at the center of the water spray surface of the test site and spray continuously for 1 hour as required. b. After the test, unpack and inspect the packaging box and cushioning materials to ensure that they meet the requirements of rainproof packaging in 2.2.2. A.2 Moisture-proof test
A.2.1 The test method shall be carried out in accordance with GB2423.3-1981 "Basic Environmental Test Procedures for Electrical and Electronic Products Test Ca: Steady Humidity Test Method", and the test severity level shall be as specified in Table A1. Table A1
Scope of application
Test severity level (days)
Corrugated paper box
Other moisture-proof packaging boxes
A.2.2 After the test, restore at room temperature for 24 hours, and unpack and inspect the product to ensure that it meets the requirements of the corresponding level in 2.2.3.1. A.3 Lifting test
For fully loaded packages weighing more than 100kg, lift them at normal speed according to the lifting position. When lifting, the angle between the lifting rope and the horizontal plane of the top of the box should be 55±5°, and the lifting height should be not less than 1.After 5m, use emergency braking to move up and down, left and right, and then descend to the ground at a very high speed. After repeating the above test three to five times, inspect according to the requirements of 2.2.4.1 for shockproof packaging. A.4 Stacking test (pressure test)
Stacking test can be carried out by compression testing machine or direct stacking test. A.4.1 Compression testing machine test
GB/T3873—1983
A.4.1.1 The compression testing machine is a table type, driven by an electric motor or mechanically or hydraulically driven table to make one or two tables move at a constant speed of 10±3mm/min relative speed to apply load to the test piece. The table should be smooth and hard, the upper and lower tables should be parallel, the lower table should always remain horizontal, and its inclination should be kept within 0.2% during the entire test.
A.4.1.2 For wooden container specimens, follow GB1931-1980 "Determination of moisture content of wood"; for paper container specimens, follow GB462-1979 "Determination of moisture content of paper and paperboard". After measuring the moisture content, place the specimen in the center of the table according to the relevant standards, move the two tables relative to each other, and apply load to the specimen until the predetermined value is reached. A.4.1.3 After the test, inspect according to the requirements of shockproof packaging in 2.2.4.1. A.4.2 Direct stacking test
A.4.2.1 Place the package on a flat cement floor, the inclination of which should not exceed 0.5. Then place a hard load plate directly on the center of the top surface of the package. The size of the load plate should be 100mm larger than each side of the top surface of the package. A.4.2.2 During the test, without causing impact, place the load evenly on the load plate according to the requirements of 2.3.1.2.f or 2.3.2.2.e, so that the load and the plate are in full contact and the pressure test is carried out for 24 hours. A.4.2.3 After the test, inspect according to the requirements of 2.2.4.1 for shockproof packaging. A.5 Vibration test
Packages not exceeding 100kg should generally be subjected to vibration test. During the test, the package should be properly fixed on the vibration test table (additional vibration should be avoided). The center of gravity of the bottom of the package should be within 10mm of the center of the table. The vibration test table should be kept horizontal. The vibration frequency is 3 to 30Hz, the vibration acceleration is 0.75 ± 0.25g, the vertical component movement should be approximately sinusoidal vibration, and the vibration time should comply with Table A2. After the test, inspect according to the requirements of 2.2.4.1 for shockproof packaging. Table A2
Weight of package (kg)
Accumulated vibration time (min)
Vibration frequency (Hz)
Vibration time (min)
A.6 Impact test
Less than 50
50~100
Impact test can be carried out on packaged products with a weight of not more than 100kg. During the test, the packaged product shall be fixed on the impact table, which shall have the corresponding size and strength. The impact acceleration shall be 10±1g (100±10m/s), the corresponding pulse time shall be 11±2ms, the pulse repetition frequency shall be 60~100 times/min, the continuous impact shall be 10min, and the pulse waveform shall be approximately half-sine wave. After the test, the product shall be inspected according to the requirements of shockproof packaging in 2.2.4.1. A.7 Pendulum test
Packages with a weight of more than 100kg shall be subjected to pendulum test. A.7.1 Test requirements and equipment
A rectangular platform is suspended at its four corners with ropes not less than 4 m long to form a swing device (see Figure A1). The platform should be in a stationary position so that its front edge touches the vertical collision surface within 1°. The vertical collision surface should be quite hard (no deformation greater than 0.25 mm should be allowed at any one square centimeter position when subjected to a load of 160 kg). The horizontal impact speed during collision is 1.94 m/s.
A.7.2 Test method
GB/T3873—1983
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Certificate core
771577377177
Pendulum test equipment
Put a package weighing more than 100kg on a rectangular table without fixing it, or directly lift the package with a rope so that the collision surface or edge of the package just touches the collision surface, and then pull the table or package apart in the horizontal direction. When the distance between the table and the collision surface can meet the maximum impact speed of 1.94m/s or meet the requirements of Table A3 and release it after preventing torsion and pendulum, the number of collisions of the package is 2 times for each side of the 2nd, 4th, 5th and 6th sides. A.7.3 After the test, inspect according to the requirements of 2.2.4.1 for shockproof packaging. Table A3
Length of pendulum rope
Distance between pulls
A.8 Drop test
A.8.1 Free drop test
a. Packages not exceeding 75kg shall be subjected to a free drop test (packages with a sliding wood structure may not be subjected to this test). m
b. During the test, the package shall be hoisted and allowed to fall freely onto a flat and hard cement floor or steel plate. Its hardness shall be equivalent to the hardness of a whole steel plate with a thickness of not less than 13mm. Its specific weight shall not be less than 50 times that of the package being tested. c. Lift the 3rd, 2nd, 5th, 4th and 6th sides of the test piece downward in turn to the predetermined height as specified in Table A4, and release it suddenly while ensuring that the initial velocity is zero. Each side shall fall once. Table A4
Package weight (kg)
11~<25
25~<50
Drop height (cm)
A.8.2 Face, edge and corner drop test
GB/T3873—1983
Face, edge and corner drop test shall be carried out for package weighing more than 75kg. a. Face drop test
Place the specimen on a hard cement floor, lift the four edges (i.e. 2nd and 3rd edges, 5th and 3rd edges, 4th and 3rd edges, 6th and 3rd edges) to the height specified in Table A5 and then let it fall freely (see Figure A2). If the specimen cannot reach the predetermined lifting height, lift it to the maximum height that will not cause it to tip over, and drop it twice on each side.
Weight of package (kg)
76~<200
200~<300
Above 300
Recovery
Drop height (cm)
77777777777777777777
Figure A2 Surface drop test
b. Edge drop test
Place the package on a hard cement floor, and raise the four bottom edges (i.e., edges 2 and 3, edges 5 and 3, edges 4 and 3, and edges 6 and 3) 100 to 150 mm above the ground. Then lift the opposite bottom edge to the height specified in Table A5 and suddenly release it (see Figure A3). If the test piece cannot reach the predetermined height, it can be raised to the maximum height without tipping over. Each bottom edge is dropped twice. c. Corner drop test
Place the specimen on a hard cement floor, raise the 3rd, 4th and 6th corners 100mm above the ground, and raise the 2nd, 3rd and 6th corners 200mm above the ground, raise the 3rd, 4th and 5th corners to the height specified in Table A5, and then release them suddenly. Drop the specimen onto the flat cement floor, and drop the four corners of the bottom of the specimen 9
2 times in turn (as shown in Figure A4).
GB/T3873—1983
d. After the test, the specimen shall be inspected according to the requirements of shockproof packaging in 2.2.4.1. d. Drop height
Figure A4 Corner drop test
A.9 Tumble test
Packages weighing no more than 100kg shall be subjected to tumble tests. During the test, each side of the specimen shall be impacted, and the cumulative tumble distance shall be no less than 30m. For rectangular packages or packages based on faces 5 and 6, faces 5 and 6 may be exempted from the test. A.9.1 Manual tumbling test
a. Place the test piece on a flat cement floor, starting from the normal position, first support the ground with edges 3 and 4 as the balancing edges, lift edges 2 and 3 to balance them, and then make the test piece lose balance without pushing to impact plane 4. b. Repeat the above steps and impact each face in turn according to Table A6. If the size of one face of the test piece is too small, it is allowed to cause impact on more than one face continuously after release.
Balance edge
Impact face
c. After the test, the test piece shall be inspected according to the requirements of shockproof packaging in 2.2.4.1. A.9.2 Hexagonal roller test
a. For packages not exceeding 100kg, the hexagonal roller test shall be carried out according to the requirements of A.9 or relevant standards and regulations. 5.3
b. Packages that undergo the hexagonal drum test do not need to undergo the free drop and tumble tests. After the test, they must be inspected according to the shockproof packaging requirements of 2.2.4.1.
A.10 Highway transport test
Packages weighing more than 100kg should be tested for highway transport. The fully loaded packages should be loaded on the vehicle for running test assessment. During the test, the packages are placed in the middle and rear of the transport vehicle, usually not fixed, and the total load weight is one-third of the transport vehicle's load weight. The vehicle travels at a speed of 25-40km per hour on the intermediate road surface of the third-class highway for not less than 200km. After the test, the shockproof packaging requirements of 2.2.4.1 are inspected. Note: The highway grade is implemented in accordance with JTJI-1981 "Highway Engineering Technical Standards". The intermediate road surface of the third-class highway is crushed and gravel road surface, irregular stone road surface, other granular road surface, etc.
Commonly used typical wooden boxes
See Figure B1 to Figure B5.
GB/T3873—1983
Appendix B
Schematic diagram of typical packaging boxes commonly used for communication equipment (reference)
Figure B1 External-type medium and small wooden boxes
External-type plywood wooden boxes
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