NY/T 5002-2001 Technical specification for the production of pollution-free food chives
Some standard content:
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T 5002—2001
Pollution-free food
Issued on September 3, 2001
Technical regulations for non-vegetable production
Implemented on October 1, 2001
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5002—2001
Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are normative appendices, and Appendix C and Appendix D are informative appendices. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Drafting units of this standard: National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Hebei Plant Protection Station, Zhejiang Plant Protection Station. Main drafters of this standard: Li Yongping, Li Xiuqin, Yu Yijun, Wang Fengle, Li Jianwei, Yan, Du Sen, Zhang Zhenhe. 26
1 Scope
Pollution-free food
Technical regulations for non-vegetable production
NY/T 5002—2001
This standard specifies the production base construction, cultivation technology, fertilizer and water management technology, pest control technology and harvesting requirements of pollution-free vegetable leek.
This standard applies to the production of pollution-free vegetable leek nationwide. 2 Referenced standards
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this part. However, the parties to the agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard
GB/T16715.1～16715.5—1999 Vegetable Crop Seeds GB/T8321 (all parts) Guidelines for Rational Use of Pesticides NY5010 Environmental Conditions of Origin of Pollution-free Vegetables 3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Safety Interval
The number of days allowed between the last application of pesticides and the harvest of crops. 3.2
Composed of a lighting and heat preservation maintenance structure, with plastic film as a transparent covering material, extending from east to west, a single greenhouse and an arched circular shed covered with plastic film, which mainly relies on obtaining and accumulating solar radiation energy for vegetable production in cold seasons, its frame is usually made of bamboo, wood, steel or composite materials.
Spring Seedlings
Leek seedlings sown before Qingming Festival.
Summer Seedlings
Leek seedlings sown before the beginning of summer.
Autumn seedlings
Leek seedlings sown after the beginning of autumn.
Leeks with green appearance produced under light conditions. 27
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Softened leeks
Eluted leeks produced under light-free conditions by soiling or covering. 3.8
The newly grown fibrous roots of leeks move up in layers, and the rooting position also rises continuously, making the new roots gradually approach the ground. 3.9
Medium fertility soil
Soil containing 80~~100mg/kg of alkaline nitrogen (N), 60~80mg/kg of available phosphorus (P,0.), and 100~~150mg/kg of available potassium (K2O).
High fertility soil
Soil with alkaline nitrogen (N) above 100mg/kg, available phosphorus above 80mg/kg, and available potassium above 180mg/kg. 4 Production environment
The quality of the production environment for pollution-free chive production should comply with the provisions of NY5010. 5 Production management measures
5.1 Previous crop
Non-onion chive vegetables.
5.2 Sowing time
Sowing can be done at any time from soil thawing to the autumnal equinox, but between the summer solstice and the beginning of autumn, due to hot weather and heavy rain, it is not conducive to the growth of seedlings, so sowing can be divided into spring sowing, summer sowing and autumn sowing.
5.2.1 Variety selection
Choose varieties that are resistant to diseases and insects, cold-resistant, heat-resistant, strong in division ability, and good in appearance and internal quality. Varieties with a short dormancy period should be selected for continuous production in autumn and winter in solar greenhouses.
5.2.2 Seed quality
Meet the requirements of level 2 or above in GB/T16715.1~16715.5. 5.2.3 Seed quantity
Use 4kg6kg of seeds per 667m2.
5.2.4 Seed treatment
You can directly sow with dry seeds (mainly in spring), or soak the seeds in 40℃ warm water for 12h, remove the unripe seeds and impurities, wash the mucus on the seeds and germinate (mainly in summer and autumn).
5.2.5 Germination
Wrap the soaked seeds with wet cloth and place them at 16℃~20℃ for germination. Rinse with clean water 1~2 times a day. When 60% of the seeds show white tips, they can be sown.
5.2.6 Land preparation and fertilization
5.2.6.1 The seedbed should be selected from a high and dry plot that can be irrigated in drought and drained in flood. Sandy soil should be selected with a soil pH value below 7.5. The land should be ploughed before sowing and fertilized. After ploughing, the land should be leveled and made smooth. 5.2.6.2 The base fertilizer varieties are mainly high-quality organic fertilizers, common chemical fertilizers, compound fertilizers, etc. Under medium fertility conditions, 6000kg of high-quality organic fertilizers (taking high-quality decomposed pig manure as an example) per 667m2 should be spread in combination with land preparation, 2kg of nitrogen fertilizer (such as 6.6kg of urea), 6kg of phosphorus fertilizer (P, Os) (such as 60kg of superphosphate), 6kg of potassium fertilizer (KO) (such as 12kg of potassium sulfate), or compound fertilizers converted accordingly, and deep plowing into the soil. 28
5.2.7 Sowing
NY/T 5002—2001
Tread the furrows (was) once, water along the furrows (was), and after the water seeps in, mix the germination seeds with 2-3 times of sand (or sieved furnace ash) and spread them in the furrows and was. Sow 4kg-5kg of seeds per mu, and cover with 1.6cm-2cm of sieved fine soil. Cover with plastic film or straw immediately after sowing, and remove the bed cover when 70% of the seedlings are above the soil.
5.2.8 Water and fertilizer management after sowing
Water 2-3 days before emergence to keep the soil surface moist. From the time the seedlings are full to the height of 16cm, water once every 7 days, and apply 3kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) (for example, 6.6kg of urea) every 667m in combination with watering. Drain and prevent waterlogging in the high-humidity rainy season. After the beginning of autumn, topdressing is carried out twice in combination with watering, and 4kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) (e.g. 8.7kg of urea) is applied per 667m2 each time. Harvesting is generally not done before planting to promote strong seedlings and rooting. When the weather turns cold, watering should be stopped, and frozen water should be applied once before freezing.
5.2.9 Weeding
After all the seedlings emerge, weeds should be pulled out in time 2 or 3 times, or herbicides such as quizalofop-p-butyl and gaicalon should be used to control monocotyledonous weeds, or 30% herbicide emulsifiable concentrate (100g-150g)/667m2 should be used after sowing and before seedlings emerge, and 50kg of water should be sprayed on the surface. 5.3 Planting
5.3.1 Soil fertilization requirements
The types of fertilizers used should comply with the relevant national standards and meet the requirements of harmless hygiene. The principle of fertilization is to apply organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in combination. The ratio of organic to inorganic fertilizers should not be less than 1:1. The amount of fertilizer to be applied is determined based on the results of soil nutrient determination and analysis, the fertilizer requirement of vegetable crops and the fertilizer effect. The maximum limit of inorganic nitrogen nutrient application is 16kg/667m2. For soils with medium fertility or above, the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers applied is based on maintaining soil balance; in soils with high fertility, inorganic phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are not applied in the season. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizers shall not be applied within 20 days before harvest. 5.3.2 Planting time
Spring seedlings in northern areas should be planted after the summer solstice; summer seedlings should be planted around the hot summer to avoid the hot and rainy July and August; autumn seedlings should be planted around Qingming Festival next year. The planting period should be staggered to avoid the high temperature and high humidity season, because this time is not conducive to the slow growth of leek seedlings after planting. 5.3.3 Planting method
Take out the leek seedlings, cut off the tips of the fibrous roots, and leave 2cm3cm to promote the development of new roots. Then cut off a section of the leaf tip to reduce leaf evaporation and maintain a balance between root absorption and leaf evaporation. In the field, according to the row spacing of 18cm to 20cm and the hole spacing of 10cm, 8 to 10 seedlings are cut in each hole, which is suitable for producing green chives, or according to the row spacing of 30cm to 36cm, the trench depth is 16cm to 20cm, the hole spacing is 16cm, and 20 to 30 seedlings are planted in each hole, which is suitable for producing softened chives. The planting depth should not cover the sections. 5.3.4 Management after planting
5.3.4.1 Management during the open-field growth stage
5.3.4.1.1 Water management: After planting, water twice in a row, and timely hoe and plow the seedlings 2 to 3 times. After that, the soil should be kept dry and wet. It should be drained in time when entering the rainy season. When the maximum temperature of the day drops below 12℃, reduce watering to keep the soil surface moist. Before the soil freezes, it should be watered with enough frozen water.
5.3.4.1.2. Fertilization management: Fertilization should be based on the growth, weather, soil dryness and humidity, and the principle of light and frequent fertilization should be adopted. For seedlings below 35 cm in height, 500 kg of 10% to 20% decomposed manure should be applied per 667 m2. For seedlings above 35 cm in height, 800 kg of 30% decomposed manure should be applied per 667 m2, and 5 kg to 10 kg of urea or 5 kg of compound fertilizer should be added at the same time. The dilution multiple should be increased in dry weather. 5.3.4.2 Management in greenhouse production stage
For leeks cultivated in northern regions, if the main purpose is to harvest leaves, the film can be covered in autumn and winter and transferred to greenhouse production; if the leeks are to be harvested next year, the film should not be covered, because leeks need to go through a low temperature stage before they can bud. 5.3.4.2. 1 Covering the film
Before covering the film, clean the dead leaves, rake along the ridges, and loosen the topsoil. a) For varieties with a long dormancy period, in order to promote the early completion of dormancy of leeks and ensure that they are available in the market in the new year, a wind barrier can be set up on the south side of the greenhouse to create a cold microclimate on the ground of the greenhouse. When the ground is frozen to 10 cm, the wind barrier can be removed and the film can be covered with straw. b) For varieties with a short dormancy period, it is appropriate to cover the plastic film and straw before frost. 29
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5.3.4.2.2 Temperature and humidity management
After the greenhouse is sealed, keep 20℃~24℃ during the day and 12℃~14℃ at night. When the plant height is more than 10cm, keep 16℃~20℃ during the day. If it exceeds 24℃, ventilate to cool down and dehumidify. The relative humidity is 60%~～70%, and the night temperature is 8℃~12℃. In winter, small and medium-sized arch greenhouses should be kept warm, and the night temperature should be kept above 6℃ to shorten the growth time. 5.3.4.2.3 Water and fertilizer management
Water once before the soil freezes, and do not water after covering the film, so as not to lower the ground temperature or cause diseases due to excessive humidity. Water once when the seedlings are 8cm to 10cm tall, and apply 4kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N) (e.g. 8.7kg of urea) per 667m2 in combination with watering. 5.3.4.2.4 Greenhouse management in the later stage
After the third cutting, when the chives grow to 10cm, gradually increase the ventilation volume and remove the greenhouse film. Apply 46000kg to 60 000kgL (3 000 kg~4 000 kg)/667 m2J of decomposed fertilizer and 7 500 kg~15 000 kg/hm2 [(500 kg~1 000 kg)/667m2] of decomposed fertilizer per hectare. And build up the soil along the chive ditch to a height of 2cm to 3cm. Strong seedlings can be harvested once or twice in the open field. Weak seedlings are not harvested for root growth. 5.3.5 Harvesting
In the year of planting, the focus is on "root growth and strong seedlings", and no harvesting is done. If there are chive flowers, remove them in time. 5.3.5.1 Harvesting season
The harvesting season is mainly in spring and autumn. In summer, it is generally not harvested because of poor quality. Chives are suitable for harvesting in the early morning on sunny days. When harvesting, the knife edge is 2cm to 4cm from the ground. It is best to have a yellow cut, and the cuts should be neat and consistent. The time interval between two harvests should be about 30 days. For spring-sown seedlings, the first harvest can be made 40 to 60 days after covering the film. For summer-sown seedlings, the first harvest can be made in the spring of the following year. Stop harvesting 50 to 60 days before the local chives wilt.
5.3.5.2 Management after harvest
After each harvest, scratch the chives and loosen the surrounding soil. After 2-3 days, water and fertilize when the wounds of the chives are healed and new leaves are about to emerge. Apply 400kg of decomposed manure per 667m2, and add 10kg of urea and 10kg of compound fertilizer. From the second year onwards, soil cultivation needs to be carried out once a year to solve the problem of chive root jumping.
5.4 Pest and disease control
Main pests and diseases: The main pests are chive maggots, leaf miners, and thrips, and the main diseases are gray mold, blight, and downy mildew. 5.4.1 Physical control
Sugar and wine liquid trapping: Mix sugar, vinegar, wine, water and 90% trichlorfon crystals in a ratio of 3:3:1100.6 to make a solution. Place 1 to 3 pots per 667m2, add at any time, keep it moist, and trap and kill fly pests. 5.4.2 Chemical control
5.4.2.1 Principles and requirements for the use of pesticides
5.4.2.1.1 See Appendix A for the types of pesticides that should not be used. 5.4.2.1.2 When using chemical pesticides, GB4285 and GB/T8321 should be followed. For pesticide mixtures, the safe interval of the active ingredient with the largest residual content should be followed (see Appendix B). 5.4.2.1.3 Rationally mix and rotate pesticides with different mechanisms of action or negative cross-resistance to overcome and delay the generation and development of pesticide resistance in pests and diseases.
5.4.2.2 Disease prevention and control
5.4.2.2.1 Gray mold
5.4.2.2.1.1 Use 260g~300g of 10% procymidone smoke agent per 667m2, light it in a scattered manner, close the greenhouse, and fumigate overnight. 5.4.2.2.1.2 Use 6.5% polybacterium, wei dust agent, 1kg per 667m2, spray every 7 days. On sunny days, spray 1200 times of 40% dimethoate suspension, or 1000 times of 65% thiobacterium·mycocarb wettable powder, or 1000~1600 times of 50% isoflavone wettable powder, once every 7 days, and spray twice in a row.
5. 4. 2. 2. 2 Disease
5.4.2.2.2.1 Use 5% thiophanate-methyl powder, 1 kg per 667m, spray once every 7 days. 5.4.2.2.2.2 In the early stage of the disease, use 60% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times diluted, or 72% cypermethrin water 800 times diluted, or 60% oxadiazine 30
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morpholine wettable powder 2000 times diluted, or 72% frost gland·manganese zinc wettable powder, or 60% succinate·ethylene aluminum wettable powder 600 times diluted to irrigate the roots or spray, spray (irrigate) once every 10 days, and use alternately 2 to 3 times. 5.4.2.2.3 Rust
In the early stage of the disease, use 16% triadimefon wettable powder 1600 times diluted, spray once every 10 days, and spray twice in a row. You can also use diniconazole, triadimenol, etc.
5.4.2.3 Pest control
5.4.2.3.1 Control of leeks
5.4.2.3.1.1 Ground application
During the peak period of adult emergence, spread 2.5% trichlorfon powder along the basement, 2kg~2.6kg per 667m2, or spray 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times diluted, or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times diluted, and other pyrethroid pesticides such as cypermethrin, cypermethrin, kungfu, cypermethrin, etc. You can also spray 75% cyromazine (6-10g)/667m2 after watering enough to make the pests move upward. 5.4.2.3.1.2 Root irrigation
In early spring (early to mid-March) and late autumn (mid-to-late September), root irrigation with pesticides can be carried out for control. You can choose one of the following methods. 5.4.2.3.1.2.1 Use 600mL of 40.8% chlorpyrifos EC, or 2kg~4kg of 1.1% matrine powder, or 1000mL of 40% phoxim EC, or 1000mL of 20% pyrifos EC, or 800mL of phoxim-chlorpyrifos mixture (1+1), dilute to 100 times liquid, remove the sprayer nozzle, aim at the root of the chives to irrigate, and then water. 5.4.2.3.1.2.2 Choose one of the above pesticides, double the dosage, and irrigate or spray with water. 5.4.2.3.2 Prevention and control of leaf miners
During the peak egg-laying period to the early hatching of larvae, spray 5000-7000 times diluted 75% cyromazine, or 1500-2000 times diluted 2.5% deltamethrin, 20% cypermethrin or other pyrethroid pesticides. 5.4.2.3.3 Prevention and control of Portuguese horses
During the peak larval stage, spray 1000 times diluted 50% phoxim, or 4000 times diluted 10% imidacloprid, or 3000 times diluted 3% acetamiprid, or 2000 times diluted 20% carbosulfan, or 2.5% pyrethroid pesticides such as cypermethrin, 1500 to 2500 times diluted. 31
NY/T5002-2001
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Usable pesticides on vegetables
Phosphorate (3911), parathion (Suhua 203), parathion (1606), methyl parathion (methyl 1606), demeton (1069), fenvalerate, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, methylamidophos, isopropylphos, trithion, omethoate, zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide, methyl thiocyclic phosphorus, methyl isoflavone, cyanide, carbofuran, fluoroacetamide, frost, insecticide, silisheng, silisan, ulcer net, chloropicrin, pentachlorophenol, dibromofluoropropane, 401, hexachlor, DDT, chlordane and other highly toxic and high-residue pesticides. Note: Excerpted from the Regulations on the Safe Use of Pesticides issued by the former Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries and the Ministry of Health on June 6, 1982. 32
Name of pesticide
Phoxim
Trichlorfon
Cypermethrin
Deltamethrin
Cypermethrin (Mesoralen)
Cyhalothrin (Kungfu)
Cis-Cypermethrin (Lefuling)
Cis-Cypermethrin
Chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)
Methionine and manganese
Procymidone (Procymidone)
Triadimefon (Triadimefon)
Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Principles for the rational use of pesticides (part of commonly used pesticides for leeks) Table B.1
Common dosage
g(mL)/
50% emulsifiable concentrate
90% solid
10% emulsifiable concentrate
2.6% emulsifiable concentrate
20% emulsifiable concentrate
2.6% emulsifiable concentrate
6% emulsifiable concentrate
10% emulsifiable concentrate
40.7% emulsifiable concentrate
68% wettable powder
60% wettable powder
20% wettable powder
16% wettable powder
Note: Excerpted from GB4285 and GB/T8321.
Maximum dosage
g(mL)/Www.bzxZ.net
《times·667m*times·667m2）
Application method
Root irrigation
NY/T 5002—2001
Maximum pesticide application
(crop per season)
Safety interval
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Composting temperature
High temperature composting
Bat egg mortality
Fecal coliform bacteria value
Sealed storage period
High temperature biogas fermentation temperature
Host egg sedimentation rate
Schistosome eggs and hookworm eggs
Biogas fermentation fertilizer
Fecal coliform bacteria value
Mosquitoes, flies
Biogas digester residue
Appendix C
(Informative Appendix)
Organic fertilizer hygiene standard
Hygiene standards and requirements
The highest compost temperature is 60℃~66℃, and it lasts for 6~7 d96%~100%
10-110-2
Effectively control the growth of flies, there are no living, pupae or newly emerged adult flies around the manure pile for more than 30d
(63±2)℃ for 2d
More than 96%
No living schistosome eggs and hookworm eggs shall be detected in the used biogas fermentation 10-*, high temperature biogas fermentation 10-110-2 effectively control the growth of mosquitoes and flies, and there are no larvae in the feces liquid. There are no live pupae or newly emerged adult flies around the pond. They can be used as agricultural fertilizers after harmless treatment.
Name of pests and diseases
Botrytis cinerea
Appendix D
(Informative Appendix)
Common pests and diseases of leek and favorable conditions for occurrence Table D.1
Type of pathogen or pest
Fungus: Botrytis cinerea
Fungus: Phytophthora sphaerocephala
Fungus: Puccinia oleracea
Diptera, Culicidae
Transmission route
Irrigation, agricultural operations
Soil diseased residues, wind and rain
Short-distance migration of adults
NY/T 5002--2001
Favorable conditions
Temperature 16℃~30℃, relative humidity above 86%
High humidity, temperature 26℃～32℃
Warm and humid weather, heavy dew and fog, or over-dense planting, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, insufficient potassium fertilizer
Warm and humid
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