This standard specifies the terms and definitions used for all-or-nothing electrical relays; recommended values; maximum permissible temperature; accuracy of time limits; mechanical and electrical requirements to be met by relays; applicable test methods; data and markings. This standard applies to all-or-nothing electrical relays. This standard applies only to newly manufactured relays with contacts in the output circuit. This standard applies to relays used in many electrical technical fields covered by IEC. For special application areas, the scope of application of this standard can be expanded with the help of special standards. This standard does not include requirements for relays for telephone and telegraph equipment. Standards applicable to this type and similar relays are under consideration. This standard does not apply to relays used in railway signaling and blocking systems. GB/T 14598.2-1993 Electrical Relays All-or-No Electrical Relays GB/T14598.2-1993 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Electrical relays
All-or-nothing electrical relays
Electrical relays
All-or-nothing electrical relaysGB/T 14598.2-93
This standard is equivalent to the International Electrotechnical Commission standard IEC255-1-00 All-or-nothing electrical relays (1975 edition). 1 Subject content and scope of application
1.1 Subject content
This standard specifies all-or-nothing electrical relays: terms and definitions used (Chapter 2); deduced values ​​(Chapter 3);
maximum allowable temperature (Chapter 4);
accuracy of time limit (Chapter 5);
mechanical and electrical requirements that relays should meet (Chapters 6 to 9); applicable test methods (Chapter 10);
data and markings (Chapter 11).
1.2 Scope of application
This standard applies to relays with or without electrical connections. This standard applies only to newly manufactured relays with contacts in the output circuit. If static devices (such as amplifiers, rectifiers, etc.) are mixed in the excitation circuit of such relays, special requirements should be added to this standard if necessary.
Note: Requirements for appliances mixed with static devices are under consideration. This standard applies to relays used in many electrical technical fields covered by IEC. For special application areas (navigation, aviation, aerospace, explosive atmospheres, etc.), the scope of application of this standard can be expanded by means of special standards. This standard does not include requirements for relays for telephone and telegraph equipment. Standards applicable to this type of relay and similar relays are under consideration. This standard does not apply to relays used in railway signaling and blocking systems. Note: Attention should be paid to the fact that similar devices used with relays or similar to relays are covered by other IEC standards. When the different requirements in such different but related application areas are fully coordinated, it may be necessary to refer to other relevant IEC standards. This note applies to standards for low-voltage switches and control gear in particular. 2 Terms and Definitions
For the terms and definitions used in this standard, see GB2900.17 Electrical Terminology - Electrical Relays. 3 Recommended Values ​​
3.1 Excitation
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on September 5, 1993 and implemented on April 1, 1994
GB/T14598.2-93
3.1.1 The recommended value of rated voltage applied to the relay applies to input excitation and auxiliary excitation. Unless otherwise specified in the relevant standards, the rated value should be selected from the following values:
AC system (effective value):
6,12,2442.48,100//3.110//3,120//3,100,110,115,120,127,200,220.219.+380415500 y
DC system:
6,12,24,28,18.60.110,125.220.250,440,600V Note: The value with a horizontal line below is the default value. 3.1.2 Recommended rated current
There is no recommended rated value for the excitation current.
3.1.3 Recommended values ​​for the operating range limits of the excitation quantity The overall performance of the relay is determined by the operating range of the input excitation quantity and the corresponding range of any auxiliary excitation quantity. Therefore, these ranges may affect each other, and for this situation, specific consideration should be given. 3.1.3.1 Recommended values ​​for the operating range limits of the input excitation quantity 3.1.3.1:1 The recommended values ​​for the operating range limits are divided into two levels: Level 1: 30% to 110% of the rated value of the input micro-excitation quantity. Level 2: 85% to 110% of the rated value of the input excitation quantity. Note: ① Level 2 relays are intended for use in combination with contactors or similar devices, such as those included in G1147208 Electrical transmission control equipment - Part -: Low-voltage electrical equipment and electronic control equipment.
②When the input excitation is current, the value range should be marked by the manufacturer. 3.1.3.1.2 Special cases
In special cases where the limit value of the working value range is different from the recommended value, the manufacturer shall indicate the limit value of the working value range and the rated value. 3.1.3.1.3 Table of working value range
a, the rated value should be distinguished from the limit value of the working value range by an appropriate method. For example, draw a horizontal line below or use a special font.
b, various values ​​should be expressed in the manner shown in Table 1. C, the level of the working value range should also be indicated
3.1.3.2 Recommended value of the limit value of the working value range of the auxiliary excitation There is no recommended value. The limit value is indicated by the manufacturer. However, the working value range should meet the requirements of this standard. Note: The most stringent combination of the auxiliary excitation and the input excitation used for preprocessing before action control shall be indicated by the manufacturer. 3.1.4 Action Level
After the relay is processed with the action level items shown in Table 2, its input circuit is at the highest operating temperature corresponding to its working level (see 4.2.2), and when it is excited with the lower limit of its working value range, the relay shall operate and comply with the specifications. Note: For special-purpose relays, the manufacturer shall indicate its action value. Normal situation
1 line:
80%~110% range
2 level:
85%~110% range
Only indicate the rated position
The operating value range level should be indicated
Special situation
(See 3.1.3.1.2)
Rated value and limited value should be marked
Action level
Excitation quantity
(See 3.1.3.1.1)
Ambient temperature
(See 3.2.2.1)
3.1.5 Release
3.1.5.1 DC relay
GB/T 14598.2 93
Table 1 Examples of the range of working values ​​of input excitation voltages Example
Single rated value
Two rated values ​​(voltage applied to the same or
different terminals)
Single rated value
Two rated values ​​(voltage applied to the same or
different terminals)
11013 yuan
90125110
Table 1 Examples of the range of working values ​​of input excitation voltages Example
Single rated value
Two rated values ​​(voltage applied to the same or
different terminals)
11013 yuan
90125110
Table 1 Examples of the range of working values ​​of relays corresponding to the action levels
Set value
Base value
Rated value
Upper limit of the nominal range Rated value: 12 V
1 Nm Range:
: V 80% ~ 113%
: 10 V 855: --110%
Working value range:
i 110 V 1
(level)
1 V S%~0%
(level 2)
rated consumption is 110V
12%~110%
(level I)
125 V 8%1109
(level 2)
is set to [35 V
T.Working range:
11r--14cV
rated is [25V
Ding value range:
7℃~130V
rated is 1V
9n-lr
The new value is t25V
The working value range is limited to the upper limit of the nominal range
The recommended value of the input excitation limit value that can cause the relay to release should not be less than 5% of the rated value and has nothing to do with the grade GB/T1459B.2--93
If the manufacturer or the relevant standard stipulates otherwise, any value other than the recommended value is allowed. 3.1.5.2 AC relay
The recommended value of the input excitation limit value that can cause the relay to release should not be less than 15% of the rated value. The relay should also release when the input excitation is zero (considering the possible residual magnetism). If the manufacturer or the relevant standard stipulates otherwise, any other value is allowed. 3.2 Contact circuit
See GB/T14598.1 "Contact performance of electrical relays". 3.3 Definite time
For definite time, there is no recommended rating: but for relays with time setting range, the maximum value is recommended in Appendix A. For definite time relays with setting range, there is no recommended rated setting ratio. 3.4 Influencing quantities and influencing factors
3.4.1 Recommended base values ​​of influencing factors and influencing factors The recommended base values ​​of influencing factors and the permissible deviations of the corresponding tests are given in Table 3. NOTE Special application conditions or the characteristics of the relay itself may justify the use of non-recommended values. In this case, the party making the determination shall indicate the reference value and the allowable deviation. Table 3 Influencing quantities and influencing factors Recommended reference values ​​and test allowable deviations Influencing quantity or influencing factor
(see Note 1) and Appendix A)
Ambient temperature
Atmospheric pressure
Relative humidity
External magnetic induction
AC component in DC (pattern) (steady state) 3 DC component in AC (steady state)
Input excitation and auxiliary microexcitation when the non-periodic transient component of the time-limited relay is used as the influencing quantity for the time-limited accuracy (applied according to the working category of the relay)
Impact and alarm
Industrial and other atmospheric environments
Setting time (if any)
S6 kPa
Specified by the manufacturer
16 Hz or 50 Hx or 60 Hz
or 400Hz (as specified by the manufacturer)
sine wave
each accounts for the rated value of the corresponding working category
under consideration
upper limit of the setting range
test tolerance
±10 ka
—26%
0.5 mT(any direction)
2° in any direction
Distortion factor 5%3
2% of peak value
Under consideration
Specified by the manufacturer
See GR102322 Test and measurement procedures for electromechanical all-or-nothing relays
Under consideration
Specified by the manufacturer
Note: 1) If the quantitative relationship between one or more influencing quantities and the considered characteristics is known, the test can be carried out with non-recommended reference values ​​of the influencing factors and influencing factors.
2) Distortion factor: the ratio of the effective value of the wave component obtained by subtracting the fundamental wave from the non-sinusoidal periodic quantity to the effective value of the non-sinusoidal quantity. Usually expressed as a percentage (IEV 466. U5-02-120),
GB/T 14598.293
3) The AC component in DC, the ripple of the DC power supply, is expressed as a percentage, and is defined as follows: peak value - valley value × 100%
DC component
4) Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, the upper limit of the setting range is the base value of the indicated error. When the normal error is met, this reference value is taken as the \normal value\,
5) If the time limit does not depend on the frequency, the allowable deviation can be larger. However, when the relay time limit is related to the period rate (such as synchronous motor regulation) and high accuracy is required, a smaller allowable deviation may be required. 3.4.2 Recommended values ​​of the nominal range limits of influencing quantities and influencing factors The ambient temperature value is given in 3.4.2.1, and the atmospheric pressure value is given in 3.1.2.2. The values ​​of other influencing quantities and influencing factors are given in Table 4.
Note: In the absence of contradiction, the recommended value is adopted. Under special application conditions, it may be necessary to use non-recommended values. However, such special values ​​should be selected from the recommended values ​​given below as much as possible, and The manufacturer shall indicate. Table 4 Influencing factors and influencing factors Recommended values ​​of nominal range limit Influencing factors
Ambient temperature
Atmospheric pressure
Relative humidity
External magnetic induction
AC component in DC (waveform) (steady state) DC component in AC (steady state)
Non-periodic transient component of time-limited current relay Input excitation
Auxiliary input microexcitation
Shock and vibration
Industry and basic gas
Standard range
See 3. 4.2.1 Clause
See Clause 3.4.2.2
Specified by the manufacturer
Inside the relay housing, there is no condensation and no ice formation Recommended values ​​are 1.5 mT in any direction or specified by the manufacturer. Direction deviation from the reference position 5
-6% of the reference value, 110% or specified by the manufacturer Under consideration
312% (see Note 3 of Table 3 for definition)
Under consideration
Under consideration
Limit values ​​of the operating value range
Limit values ​​of the operating value range
Note Under consideration
Under consideration
Note: 1) Quantity regarded as an influence related to the definite time accuracy (applied according to the working category of the relay). 3.4.2.1 Ambient temperature
If specified, the preferred recommended temperature range is -5~40℃. The upper recommended value is:
155℃
The lower recommended value is:
-40℃
-25℃
When the preferred recommended range is not applicable, the following combinations should be used as much as possible: 55℃
40℃
-10℃
-65~125℃
65~155℃
-40~70℃
-40~85C
3.4.2.2 Gas positive force
The preferred recommended range is:
70--110 kFa.
GB/T 14598.2 93
-·40～100℃
-25~40 C
- 25-55
.--25~70'℃
Other recommended ranges for special application conditions (such as aerospace): 1, 4~110 kPa,
0. 1--110 kPa.
3.4.3 Recommended values ​​affecting the extreme temperature limit of the wall -10~40℃
10~55℃
-10～70℃
5~40℃
The extreme temperature limit affecting the egg is considered according to the installation, storage and transportation conditions (see Appendix A). Note: In the absence of a shield, the preferred value is adopted. 3.4.3.1 Ambient temperature
The preferred recommended values ​​are -25°C and 70°C. Other recommended values ​​shall be selected from the limits given in 3.4.2.1. The extreme ranges shall include the entire nominal range.
Note that temperature is the most common example of an influence that may produce irreversible changes in the relay. 3.4.3.2 Other influencing quantities and influencing factors
Other extreme ranges of influencing quantities are not included in this edition. These extreme ranges, especially for shock, vibration and humidity, are still under consideration.
3.5 Recommended values ​​of periodic interruption parameters When applicable, the following recommended values ​​shall be used for mechanical life tests and electrical load switching tests. In particular, other values ​​may be used for time-limited relays. The manufacturer shall specify the values ​​used. 3.5.1 Number of cycles per hour
The number of cycles per hour is evenly distributed over the hours and should be selected from the following values: 6, 30, 120, 600, 1200, 1800, 3600, 6000, 7200, 12000, 18000, 36000, 45000, 72000, 90000, 108 000, 144 000, 180 000, 216 000, 360 000 to: The numbers with a horizontal line below are the preferred values. 3.5.2 Load ratio
The load ratio should be selected from the following recommended numbers; 15%, 25%, 33%. 40%, 50%, 60%
3.6 Recommended dielectric test voltage
According to GB/T14598.3 "Electrical relays Part 5 - Insulation test of electrical relays". 3.7 Recommended value of impulse voltage test
According to GB/T14598.3,
4 Maximum allowable temperature
4.1 Maximum allowable temperature of relay components 4.1.1 Insulating material
The temperature of the insulating material should not be higher than the value allowed in GB11021 "Evaluation and classification of heat resistance of electrical insulating materials" For certain limited insulating material parts, as long as there is no obvious damage and no obvious change in characteristics, the temperature limit value specified above can be exceeded.
Note: GB New insulating materials not included in Standard 11021 can be used at other maximum temperatures as long as they can ensure the same safety level. GB/T14598.2--93
4.1.2 The surface temperature of easily accessible external parts
should not exceed 75°C or any other value specified by the manufacturer. 4.1.3 All other parts
The maximum temperature shall not cause obvious damage, permanent deformation or other changes to the relay parts. If obvious damage occurs, the manufacturer shall ensure that such surface changes will not affect the performance of the relay. Note: There is no above temperature requirement for contacts.
4.2 Conditions for determining the maximum temperature
If not otherwise specified, the following conditions shall be met. 4.2.1 The relay shall be installed in the normal use position. If necessary, it shall be installed in the manner specified by the manufacturer. When the relay is intended to be used in more than one position, the manufacturer shall specify a more unfavorable position and conduct the test in this position. 4.2.2 Ambient temperature, for relays with a working value range of level 1, it shall be the upper limit of the nominal temperature range. For relays with a working value range of level 2, it shall be the reference value (see 3.1, 3.1.1).
4.2.3 All excitation circuits, for relays with a working value range of level 1, they shall be at the upper limit of the working value range. For relays with a working value range of level 2, they shall be at the rated value (see 3.1.3.1.1). 4.2.4 At least half of the make-and-break contact circuits shall be loaded with the limiting continuous current load. 4.2.5 The excitation method and duration shall comply with the provisions of its operating mode. In each operating mode, the relationship between the overflow and time is shown in Figure 1.
Gan Da Dong
{Hu Dao
Most human value
Period value
Continuous work
Fu Ketone adjustment work
Torch time,. Work
Figure 1, temperature rise under various operating modes
5 Accuracy of time limit
Various accuracy concepts are explained in Appendix B. 5.1 Specification
GB/T 14598.2-93
5.1.1 For relays with or without time limit, only the accuracy of time limit is considered. The relay shall be newly manufactured. Except for variation, all tests shall be carried out under reference conditions. 5.1.2 The preconditioning of the relay, if any, shall be specified by the manufacturer, e.g. whether the steady-state self-heating temperature has been reached before the test is started. 5.3 The accuracy class specifications shall be specified for all definite time relays. The preferred accuracy class specifications are: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 5, 5, 7. 5, 10, 20
but the manufacturer may specify other values. When applicable, the manufacturer may also specify the reference mean error (correction error), consistency, base error limit and/or variation limit for a given relay. The band gauge value used to determine the normal error shall be the base setting value. 5.1.4 In determining the variation, the mean error shall be the average of 10 measurements unless otherwise specified. 5.1.5 The relevant standards shall indicate which test items are type test items and which are factory test items with respect to the values ​​specified by the manufacturer.
5.2 Method for determining the relevant time limit error
5.2.1 Test conditions for the relevant auxiliary excitation quantity The manufacturer shall specify that the initial value of each auxiliary excitation quantity is the rated value or zero. For determining the relevant time limit error, the final value shall be as specified by the manufacturer, that is, zero or the rated value. 5.2.2 Determination of the reference limit error and reference consistency, see Appendix B. 5.3 Method for determining the variation of the relevant time limit
5.3.1 The manufacturer shall specify that the initial value of the auxiliary excitation quantity is the rated value or zero, and the final value of the auxiliary excitation quantity is zero or the "value" within the nominal range of the auxiliary excitation quantity.
6 Mechanical life
The manufacturer shall specify the number of cycles that the relay can complete when its contact circuit is not loaded and tested under the conditions specified in Article 10.7.
7 Contact performance
See GB/T14598.1.
8 Rated power consumption
The rated power consumption value and its allowable deviation shall be specified by the manufacturer. For relays whose power consumption varies with the position of their movable parts or due to other sources, the manufacturer shall specify at least two values, namely the maximum and minimum power Consumption, and the corresponding conditions should be specified. For each input and auxiliary circuit, the power consumption should be specified. The power consumption should be expressed in rated values:
For DC relays, in W;
For AC relays, in VA. At this time, the power factor value should also be given. 9 Electrical clearance and fat (leakage) distance
As specified in GB/T14598.3
10 Test method
10.1 General test conditions
As specified in GB10232.
10.2 Excitation base
10.2.1 Action
As specified in GB10232. bzxz.net
10.2.2 Release
The release value should be checked according to the following requirements:
GB/T 14598.2--93
The input excitation quantity suddenly drops from its rated value to the limit value specified in Article 3.1.5, and the values ​​of all auxiliary excitation quantities are within their operating value range. Any self-holding mechanism does not work.
10.3 Dielectric test
According to GB/T14598.3.
10.4 Impulse voltage test
According to GB/T 14598.3.
10.5 Excitation circuit temperature rise
The manufacturer shall prove compliance with the provisions of Article 4.1 and, if necessary, shall also prove that under the conditions specified in Article 4.2, the relay characteristics specified in Article 4.1 will not change after extended use. The duration of such tests and the qualification criteria shall be in accordance with the agreement between the manufacturer and the user. When measuring the temperature, if the temperature change does not exceed 0.5 K after 10 minutes, it is considered that thermal equilibrium has been reached. 10.6 Accuracy
See Article 5 Chapter and Appendix B.
10.7 Mechanical life
To facilitate the mechanical life test, a very small load (such as an action counter) may be placed on the contact circuit. This load is specified by the manufacturer in terms of current and voltage.
The test conditions are as follows:
The relay is installed as required for normal use;
The input and auxiliary excitation are at their respective rated values: b.
Except for the setting value (see clause e), the influencing quantities and influencing factors are under reference conditions: c.
The number of cycles per hour and the load ratio are specified by the manufacturer (see clause 3.5) d.
e. The setting value is the value at which the mechanical survival conditions are the most severe for an adjustable time limit relay. During the entire mechanical life test, the relay shall comply with the release requirements in clause 3.1.5. At the end of the test, the mechanical state of the relay shall enable the relay to perform its intended function throughout its entire setting range. This shall be carried out at least once at the maximum and minimum values ​​of the operating value range of the input and auxiliary excitation quantities. During these latter tests, the contact melting point circuit shall be subjected to the maximum current specified by the manufacturer. The absolute error value shall not exceed twice the reference limit error under the given confidence level; the insulation level shall not drop below 0.75 times the dielectric test voltage value specified for new relays. Note: During the test, any routine maintenance or replacement specified by the manufacturer is allowed, but other components cannot be replaced. 10.8 Contact performance See GB/T 14598, 1 standard. 10.9 Rated power consumption The rated power consumption value shall be checked under the following conditions: the relay is cold (i.e., without self-heating or external heating); the influencing quantities and influencing factors are under reference conditions; unless otherwise specified, the given circuit is excited with the rated value and all other circuits are de-energized. GB/T 14598.2--93
When the power consumption varies significantly with the position of its movable parts or due to other reasons, the data should be measured under two extreme conditions. 10.10 Insulation resistance
According to GB/T 14598.3,
10.11 Environmental conditions
According to GB10232.
11 Data and markings
11.1 Overview
The manufacturer shall provide the following data (together with the unit of measurement): a.
Manufacturer name. Code or trademark,
Model, serial number or detailed specification number:
Rated value of excitation quality (3.1.3.1.3):
The extreme value of the working value range of the input excitation torque (if different from the recommended value), the working value range level (3.1.1.1) and Action d.
level (see 3.1.4):
The limit of the working value range of the auxiliary excitation quantity: frequency in case of AC, or symbol three-two in case of DC: e.
Contact data, see GB/T (IEC253-0-20) f.
Rated value or setting range of time limit:
or when applicable to action, or when applicable to release, and the corresponding accuracy level indicators can identify the data of each coil and each excitation circuit; i.
Associated voltage value:
Rated power consumption:
Dielectric test value:
Mechanical life. Expressed in cycles;
Installation position
Information for correct wiring of relays including polarity: If necessary for relay performance; Relevant information for metal zero grounding;
9.T.Operation mode:
If the relay has any special performance or requirements, the symbol r should be clearly marked to indicate the need.
See detailed regulations 11.2 Marking requirements
The contents of a, b and (when applicable) should be clearly marked on the relay so that they are clearly visible when the relay is installed and used. The contents of c, c, h and h should be marked on the relay if they are not implied in the contents of b. However, these contents do not need to be visible when the relay is installed and used.
Requirements for other data markings specified in the relevant standard III. ..comGn/T 14598.2-93
Appendix A
(Supplement)
The basic characteristics used to determine the performance of the ON/OFF relay in terms of operation and release are functions of the excitation and response and the permissible variations of the two.
Some definitions are limited to the scope of the ON/OFF non-definite time relay, while some other definitions are limited to the scope of the ON/OFF definite time relay. When applicable, these restrictive words should be added to the title of these definitions. Notes on timing
The ON/OFF definite time relay has the same basic characteristics as the ON/OFF definite time relay in terms of operation and release. However, the ON/OFF definite time relay must also comply with the requirements for the definite time accuracy (see Appendix B). It is not possible to standardize the rated values ​​of the definite time. However, for the ON/OFF definite time relay with a definite time setting range, it is recommended to use the values ​​in Table A1 as the definite time setting values ​​when possible. Table A1 Time Limit
Notes on Influencing Quantities
In order to evaluate and compare the performance of relays, it is necessary to carry out tests at specified values ​​of influencing quantities. These values ​​are standard values. When all influencing quantities are at the reference values, the relay is considered to be in "reference conditions". Since the effect of small changes in influencing quantities on the operation of the relay is considered to be negligible and there are practical difficulties in accurately maintaining the reference values, in order to be able to make reasonable measurements and to control errors when reproducing the reference conditions of the influencing quantities, a small tolerance is allowed for each reference value in 3.4.1. It should be emphasized that during the test, only one of the influencing quantities at a time changes within its nominal range, that is, only one influencing quantity changes within its entire range, while all other influencing quantities are maintained at the reference value (with the permissible deviation specified in this standard). In practice, it is impossible to predict the cumulative effect of many influencing quantities changing simultaneously within their own ranges in this type of standardization. The reference values ​​and their corresponding permissible deviations constitute the standard test conditions with or without relays. However, in special applications, additional normative requirements may be required; in general, this is in accordance with the spirit of this standard (e.g. electrical appliances intended for continuous use at very high ambient temperatures). The specified performance of relays relates to a given reference condition, but in practice, the use of relays is rarely restricted to reference conditions. The range of use with or without the intended use of the relay is called the "influence quantity nominal range", and its limits are given in 3.4.2. Finally, the relay may even be subjected to extreme conditions, such as those during installation, storage (or transportation), which are considered to be the limits of the influence quantity range; within these specified limits (but exceeding the limits of the nominal range), the relay is only required to withstand the influence of the change in the influence quantity, and when restored to the basic conditions, no damage will occur to the relay that cannot be restored to normal. Under these extreme conditions, the relay is not required to work correctly, because such conditions are not expected to occur during use. B1 Introduction
GB/T 14598.2-93
Appendix B
Notes on relay accuracy
(Supplement)
This standard comprehensively describes the performance of each relay, with the purpose of: making the correct use of the relay;
facilitating the obvious comparison of similar relays
The accuracy of the relay under standard conditions (i.e. the reference conditions specified in the standard) must be considered, and the influence of deviation from these conditions must be considered. Although in actual use, these energy quantities or influencing factors will change at the same time, the actual test method only requires one of these influencing quantities or influencing factors to be changed. The effect of a change in an influencing quantity or factor is evaluated when there is a deviation from the reference conditions. The range within which each influencing quantity or factor can vary (each separately) is called the "nominal range" and the resulting effect is called the "variation". The performance requirements (regarding accuracy under reference conditions and the variation within the nominal range of each influencing quantity or factor) are given in Chapter 5. This appendix discusses these concepts. B2 Accuracy under reference conditions
The main concepts specified in Chapter 5 are illustrated in Figure B1, where the values ​​represent absolute values. Similarly, a figure can be drawn to represent relative values ​​(relative error) or relative values ​​relative to the set value. Relative values ​​to normal values ​​(percentage of normal error). Figure B1 is not an accurate and detailed representation of the error of a single relay. In particular, in order to simplify the figure, the concept of confidence has not been fully considered.
B2.1 Reference limit error
The concept of "limit error" has the connotation of "risk" because "limit error" requires a sufficient judgment of the error so that the performance can be evaluated according to the given confidence level. In order to avoid statistical analysis of the error, which may include analysis of actual data on the error size (i.e. "variable" analysis), it is best to only judge the relay The determination of compliance with the specified values ​​of these limiting errors is also made according to a given confidence level (this check is called a counting check).
Any analysis method must result in a limiting error value that will not be exceeded when the relay continues to operate to a certain specified percentage greater than its number of operations (when the relay is still practically new). The recommended specified percentage is 4%. However, since a very large number of "tests" are impractical, the value itself will have some inaccuracy and a "confidence level" applicable to the value must also be specified. This standard recommends a confidence level of 95%. If a counting check procedure is used, the corresponding acceptable quality level (AQL) is 4, and the applicable acceptance method is shown in Table B1. If some errors are positive and some are negative (relative to the set value), it may be necessary to consider both signs, thus giving two limiting error values ​​(one positive and one negative). If only one value is specified (such as "\L"), it is necessary to know whether the required tolerance is (-+)(-L + 0) or (+L-L). Therefore, the limit error should be specified in the form of "+A-B". For the user, it is important to note that the limit error may be exceeded, but the probability of this happening is determined. ..comHowever, relays with or without definite time limits must also comply with the requirements for definite time limits accuracy (see Appendix B). It is not possible to standardize the rated values ​​of definite time limits. However, for relays with or without definite time limits with definite time limit setting ranges, it is recommended that the values ​​in Table A1 be used as the definite time limit setting values, where possible. Table A1 Time Limits
Notes on Influencing Factors
In order to evaluate and compare the performance of relays, it is necessary to test at the specified values ​​of the influencing factors. These values ​​are standard values. When all influencing factors are at the reference values, the relay is considered to be in "reference conditions". Since the effect of small changes in influencing quantities on the operation of the relay is considered negligible and there are practical difficulties in maintaining the base values ​​exactly, in order to make reasonable measurements and to control errors when reproducing the reference conditions of the influencing quantities, a small tolerance is allowed for each reference value in 3.4.1. It should be emphasized that during the test, only one of the influencing quantities changes within its nominal range at a time, that is, only one influencing quantity changes within its entire range, while all other influencing quantities are maintained at the base value (with the tolerance specified in this standard). In practice, it is impossible to predict the cumulative effect of many influencing quantities changing simultaneously within their own ranges in such standardization. The base values ​​and their corresponding tolerances constitute the standard test conditions with or without relays. However, in special applications, additional requirements may be required; generally speaking, this is in accordance with the spirit of this standard (e.g., relays intended for continuous use at very high ambient temperatures). The specified performance of the relay is related to a given reference condition, but in practice, the use of the relay is rarely restricted to the reference condition. The range of intended use of the relay with or without is called the "nominal range of influence quantities", and its limit values ​​are given in 3.4.2. Finally, the relay may even be subjected to extreme conditions, such as conditions during installation, storage and (or transportation), which are considered to be the limits of the extreme range of influence quantities; within these specified limits (but exceeding the limits of the nominal range), the relay is only required to withstand the influence of the influence changes, and when returning to the basic conditions, there will be no damage to the relay that cannot be restored to normal. Under these extreme conditions, the relay is not required to work correctly, because such conditions are not expected to occur during use. B1 Introduction
GB/T 14598.2-93
Appendix B
Notes on relay accuracy
(Supplement)
This standard comprehensively describes the performance of each relay, with the purpose of: making the correct use of the relay;
facilitating the obvious comparison of similar relays
The accuracy of the relay under standard conditions (i.e. the reference conditions specified in the standard) must be considered, and the influence of deviation from these conditions must be considered. Although in actual use, these energy quantities or influencing factors will change at the same time, the actual test method only requires one of these influencing quantities or influencing factors to be changed. The effect of a change in an influencing quantity or factor is evaluated when there is a deviation from the reference conditions. The range within which each influencing quantity or factor can vary (each separately) is called the "nominal range" and the resulting effect is called the "variation". The performance requirements (regarding accuracy under reference conditions and the variation within the nominal range of each influencing quantity or factor) are given in Chapter 5. This appendix discusses these concepts. B2 Accuracy under reference conditions
The main concepts specified in Chapter 5 are illustrated in Figure B1, where the values ​​represent absolute values. Similarly, a figure can be drawn to represent relative values ​​(relative error) or relative values ​​relative to the set value. Relative values ​​to normal values ​​(percentage of normal error). Figure B1 is not an accurate and detailed representation of the error of a single relay. In particular, in order to simplify the figure, the concept of confidence has not been fully considered.
B2.1 Reference limit error
The concept of "limit error" has the connotation of "risk" because "limit error" requires a sufficient judgment of the error so that the performance can be evaluated according to the given confidence level. In order to avoid statistical analysis of the error, which may include analysis of actual data on the error size (i.e. "variable" analysis), it is best to only judge the relay The determination of compliance with the specified values ​​of these limiting errors is also made according to a given confidence level (this check is called a counting check).
Any analysis method must result in a limiting error value that will not be exceeded when the relay continues to operate to a certain specified percentage greater than its number of operations (when the relay is still practically new). The recommended specified percentage is 4%. However, since a very large number of "tests" are impractical, the value itself will have some inaccuracy and a "confidence level" applicable to the value must also be specified. This standard recommends a confidence level of 95%. If a counting check procedure is used, the corresponding acceptable quality level (AQL) is 4, and the applicable acceptance method is shown in Table B1. If some errors are positive and some are negative (relative to the set value), it may be necessary to consider both signs, thus giving two limiting error values ​​(one positive and one negative). If only one value is specified (such as "\L"), it is necessary to know whether the required tolerance is (-+)(-L + 0) or (+L-L). Therefore, the limit error should be specified in the form of "+A-B". For the user, it is important to note that the limit error may be exceeded, but the probability of this happening is determined. ..comHowever, relays with or without definite time limits must also comply with the requirements for definite time limits accuracy (see Appendix B). It is not possible to standardize the rated values ​​of definite time limits. However, for relays with or without definite time limits with definite time limit setting ranges, it is recommended that the values ​​in Table A1 be used as the definite time limit setting values, where possible. Table A1 Time Limits
Notes on Influencing Factors
In order to evaluate and compare the performance of relays, it is necessary to test at the specified values ​​of the influencing factors. These values ​​are standard values. When all influencing factors are at the reference values, the relay is considered to be in "reference conditions". Since the effect of small changes in influencing quantities on the operation of the relay is considered negligible and there are practical difficulties in maintaining the base values ​​exactly, in order to make reasonable measurements and to control errors when reproducing the reference conditions of the influencing quantities, a small tolerance is allowed for each reference value in 3.4.1. It should be emphasized that during the test, only one of the influencing quantities changes within its nominal range at a time, that is, only one influencing quantity changes within its entire range, while all other influencing quantities are maintained at the base value (with the tolerance specified in this standard). In practice, it is impossible to predict the cumulative effect of many influencing quantities changing simultaneously within their own ranges in such standardization. The base values ​​and their corresponding tolerances constitute the standard test conditions with or without relays. However, in special applications, additional requirements may be required; generally speaking, this is in accordance with the spirit of this standard (e.g., relays intended for continuous use at very high ambient temperatures). The specified performance of the relay is related to a given reference condition, but in practice, the use of the relay is rarely restricted to the reference condition. The range of intended use of the relay with or without is called the "nominal range of influence quantities", and its limit values ​​are given in 3.4.2. Finally, the relay may even be subjected to extreme conditions, such as conditions during installation, storage and (or transportation), which are considered to be the limits of the extreme range of influence quantities; within these specified limits (but exceeding the limits of the nominal range), the relay is only required to withstand the influence of the influence changes, and when returning to the basic conditions, there will be no damage to the relay that cannot be restored to normal. Under these extreme conditions, the relay is not required to work correctly, because such conditions are not expected to occur during use. B1 Introduction
GB/T 14598.2-93
Appendix B
Notes on relay accuracy
(Supplement)
This standard comprehensively describes the performance of each relay, with the purpose of: making the correct use of the relay;
facilitating the obvious comparison of similar relays
The accuracy of the relay under standard conditions (i.e. the reference conditions specified in the standard) must be considered, and the influence of deviation from these conditions must be considered. Although in actual use, these energy quantities or influencing factors will change at the same time, the actual test method only requires one of these influencing quantities or influencing factors to be changed. The effect of a change in an influencing quantity or factor is evaluated when there is a deviation from the reference conditions. The range within which each influencing quantity or factor can vary (each separately) is called the "nominal range" and the resulting effect is called the "variation". The performance requirements (regarding accuracy under reference conditions and the variation within the nominal range of each influencing quantity or factor) are given in Chapter 5. This appendix discusses these concepts. B2 Accuracy under reference conditions
The main concepts specified in Chapter 5 are illustrated in Figure B1, where the values ​​represent absolute values. Similarly, a figure can be drawn to represent relative values ​​(relative error) or relative values ​​relative to the set value. Relative values ​​to normal values ​​(percentage of normal error). Figure B1 is not an accurate and detailed representation of the error of a single relay. In particular, in order to simplify the figure, the concept of confidence has not been fully considered.
B2.1 Reference limit error
The concept of "limit error" has the connotation of "risk" because "limit error" requires a sufficient judgment of the error so that the performance can be evaluated according to the given confidence level. In order to avoid statistical analysis of the error, which may include analysis of actual data on the error size (i.e. "variable" analysis), it is best to only judge the relay The determination of compliance with the specified values ​​of these limiting errors is also made according to a given confidence level (this check is called a counting check).
Any analysis method must result in a limiting error value that will not be exceeded when the relay continues to operate to a certain specified percentage greater than its number of operations (when the relay is still practically new). The recommended specified percentage is 4%. However, since a very large number of "tests" are impractical, the value itself will have some inaccuracy and a "confidence level" applicable to the value must also be specified. This standard recommends a confidence level of 95%. If a counting check procedure is used, the corresponding acceptable quality level (AQL) is 4, and the applicable acceptance method is shown in Table B1. If some errors are positive and some are negative (relative to the set value), it may be necessary to consider both signs, thus giving two limiting error values ​​(one positive and one negative). If only one value is specified (such as "\L"), it is necessary to know whether the required tolerance is (-+)(-L + 0) or (+L-L). Therefore, the limit error should be specified in the form of "+A-B". For the user, it is important to note that the limit error may be exceeded, but the probability of this happening is determined. ..comThis annex discusses several concepts. B2 Accuracy under reference conditions
The main concepts defined in Chapter 5 are illustrated in Figure B1, where the values ​​are expressed as absolute values. Similarly, figures may be presented to express relative values ​​to the set value (relative error) or relative values ​​to the nominal value (percentage of nominal error). Figure B1 is not an accurate and detailed representation of the error, etc., of a single relay. In particular, in order to simplify the figure, the concept of confidence has not been adequately considered.
B2.1 Reference limit errors
The concept of "limit error" has the connotation of "risk" because "limit error" requires a sufficient determination of the error to enable performance to be evaluated with a given confidence level. In order to avoid statistical analysis of the error, which may include analysis of actual data on the magnitude of the error (i.e. "variable" analysis), it is best to simply determine whether the relay complies with the specified value of the limit error, and this determination is also made with a given confidence level (this check is called a counting check).
Either method of analysis must yield a limiting error value which will not be exceeded if the relay continues to operate for a specified percentage greater than its number of operations (when the relay is still practically new). The recommended specified percentage is 4%. However, since a very large number of "tests" are impractical, the value itself will have some inaccuracy, and a "confidence level" applicable to the value must also be specified. This standard recommends a confidence level of 95%. If a counting inspection procedure is used, the corresponding acceptable quality level (AQL) is 4, and the applicable acceptance method is shown in Table B1. If some errors are positive and some are negative (relative to the set value), it may be necessary to consider two signs, thus giving two limiting error values ​​(one positive and one negative). If only one value is specified (such as "\L"), it must be known whether the required permissible deviation is (-+) (-L + 0) or (+L-L). Therefore, the limiting error should be specified in the form of "+A-B\". It is important for the user to note that the limit error may be exceeded, but the probability of this happening is determined. ..comThis annex discusses several concepts. B2 Accuracy under reference conditions
The main concepts defined in Chapter 5 are illustrated in Figure B1, where the values ​​are expressed as absolute values. Similarly, figures may be presented to express relative values ​​to the set value (relative error) or relative values ​​to the nominal value (percentage of nominal error). Figure B1 is not an accurate and detailed representation of the error, etc., of a single relay. In particular, in order to simplify the figure, the concept of confidence has not been adequately considered.
B2.1 Reference limit errors
The concept of "limit error" has the connotation of "risk" because "limit error" requires a sufficient determination of the error to enable performance to be evaluated with a given confidence level. In order to avoid statistical analysis of the error, which may include analysis of actual data on the magnitude of the error (i.e. "variable" analysis), it is best to simply determine whether the relay complies with the specified value of the limit error, and this determination is also made with a given confidence level (this check is called a counting check).
Either method of analysis must yield a limiting error value which will not be exceeded if the relay continues to operate for a specified percentage greater than its number of operations (when the relay is still practically new). The recommended specified percentage is 4%. However, since a very large number of "tests" are impractical, the value itself will have some inaccuracy, and a "confidence level" applicable to the value must also be specified. This standard recommends a confidence level of 95%. If a counting inspection procedure is used, the corresponding acceptable quality level (AQL) is 4, and the applicable acceptance method is shown in Table B1. If some errors are positive and some are negative (relative to the set value), it may be necessary to consider two signs, thus giving two limiting error values ​​(one positive and one negative). If only one value is specified (such as "\L"), it must be known whether the required permissible deviation is (-+) (-L + 0) or (+L-L). Therefore, the limiting error should be specified in the form of "+A-B\". It is important for the user to note that the limit error may be exceeded, but the probability of this happening is determined. ..com
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