GB/T 33699-2017 Scattered radiation for solar resource measurement GB/T33699-2017 |tt||Standard compression package decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the observation site requirements, measuring instruments and their installation and maintenance, measurement data collection and measurement data processing for scattered radiation measurement in solar resource measurement. ? This standard applies to the measurement of scattered radiation in solar resource measurement.

ICS07.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T33699—2017
Solar energy resources measurement
Diffuse radiation
Solar energy resources measurement-Diffuse radiation2017-05-12 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
2017-12-01 Implementation
GB/T33699—2017
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Observation station site requirements
Measuring instruments
Installation and maintenance of measuring instruments
Collection of measurement data
8 Processing of measurement data
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Solar energy resource (scattered radiation) observation monthly report format References
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.12009. This standard was proposed by the China Meteorological Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Meteorological Instruments and Observation Methods (SAC/TC507). GB/T33699—2017
Drafting units of this standard: Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration, Public Meteorological Service Center of China Meteorological Administration, and Jiangsu Radio Science Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this standard: Bian Zeqiang, Chong Wei, Lv Wenhua, Shen Yanbo, Zhu Qingchun, Liu YangH
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1 Scope
Solar resource measurement
Scattered radiation
GB/T33699—2017
This standard specifies the observation site requirements, measuring instruments and their installation and maintenance, measurement data collection, and measurement data processing for scattered radiation measurement in solar resource measurement. This standard applies to the measurement of scattered radiation in solar resource measurement. 2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For any undated referenced document, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T19565 Global Pyranometer
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1
solar energyresource
Solar energy resource
Solar energy that can be converted into heat, electrical energy, chemical energy, etc. for human use. [GB/T31163-2014, Definition 2.2] 3.2
Diffuse radiation
diffuse radiation
Solar radiation is dispersed by air molecules, clouds and various particles in the air into non-directional radiation without changing its monochromatic composition [GB/T31163-2014, Definition 5.14]] 3.3
Direct radiation
direct radiation
Radiation emitted from a small solid angle in and around the solar disk. [GB/T31163-2014, definition 5.11]] 3.4
altitude angle
altitude angle
the angle between a celestial body and the horizon on the horizon map at the location of a celestial body. [GB/T31163-2014, definition 3.17] 3.5
irradiance
irradiance
the radiation energy received by an object per unit time and per unit area. Note: The unit of measurement of irradiance is watt per square meter (W·m-\). [GB/T31163-2014, definition 6.3]
irradiation
the integrated total amount of irradiance in a given time period. 1
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GB/T33699—2017
Note 1: The unit of measurement of irradiance is joule per square meter (J·m-2) Note 2: In the past, it was often expressed in terms of radiation quantity, which is no longer recommended in the field of solar energy resources. [GB/T31163—2014, definition 6.5] 3.7
Pyranometer
A pyranometer that measures the solar irradiance in the upper hemisphere of a flat receiver. [GB/T31163—2014, definition 7.2]] 3.8
Shade disk
A long pole made in a certain proportion and a sphere fixed at the far end of the long pole that blocks the direct radiation on the pyranometer sensor to measure the scattered irradiance.
Automatic solar tracker
auto solar tracker
A rotating device that automatically keeps the solar radiation beam in a vertical position at all times. 3.10
Automatic shading device
solar tracker with shade disk kitA device that attaches a shade ball to the automatic solar tracker to shield the direct radiation falling on the pyranometer at any time, so as to automatically and continuously measure the scattered radiation irradiance.
Sensitivity
sensitivity
The ratio of the output electrical signal to the irradiance after the instrument reaches stability. Note: The unit of sensitivity is microvolt square meter per watt (μV·W-1·m\) [GB/T19565—2004, definition 3.4]
Local mean solar timelocalmean solar timeThe average solar time at different longitudes.
[GB/T31156—2014, definition 3.10]
4 Requirements for the site of the observation station
The site requirements for the solar energy resource (scattered radiation) observation station are as follows: a) The observation site should be selected in the local area where solar energy utilization is carried out. b) The shadows of obstacles around the observation station should not be projected onto the sensing surface of the observation instrument. The observation instrument should not be close to light-colored walls or other objects that are easy to reflect sunlight, nor should it be exposed to artificial radiation sources. It should be a place that is easily accessible to observation and maintenance personnel. c) There should be no obstacles with an altitude angle exceeding 5°, especially within the azimuth range at sunrise and sunset throughout the year. 5 Measuring instruments
5.1 Composition of the measurement system
The instrument for measuring solar energy resources (scattered radiation) includes a global pyranometer, an automatic shading device and a collector. The global pyranometer consists of a sensor, a glass cover and accessories. The composition and technical indicators of the global pyranometer are shown in GB/T19565. The automatic shading device includes a dual-axis tracker, a four-quadrant sensor, a parallelogram shading device, an automatic control module and accessories. 2
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5.2 The pyranometer
should meet the following indicators:
a) Insulation resistance (between the thermopile and the instrument base): not less than 1Mα; b) Internal resistance not greater than 800Q;
Response time (95% response): not greater than 30s; d) Non-linear error: not greater than 3%;
Directional response error (vertical human radiation 1000W·m-2): not greater than 30W·m-2; Temperature response error (within 50K interval): not greater than 8%: f
Zero point offset (response to a change in ambient temperature of 5K·h-1): not greater than 8W·m-2; g)
Tilt (180°) response error: not greater than 5%. 5.3 The automatic shading device
should meet the following indicators:
a) Capture angle: the absolute value is not less than 5°; b) Capture speed: not less than 30° per minute; c) Timing error: not more than 1s per day:
GB/T33699-2017
d) Sun tracking error: when the direct solar irradiance is less than 120W·m-, the tracking error is not more than 1.5°; when the direct solar irradiance is greater than or equal to 120W·m-, the tracking error is not more than 0.2°; Shielding range: between sunrise and sunset, the pyranometer sensor glass cover should always be within the shielding shadow formed by the shading ball.
6 Installation and maintenance of measuring instruments
6.1 Installation
Install the pyranometer on the sensor working platform of the automatic shading device, and the working platform should be about 1.5m above the ground. Adjust the shading ball so that it can block the direct radiation falling on the pyranometer at any time. The lower column of the automatic shading device is firmly buried in the ground. Even if the column is severely impacted and vibrated (such as strong wind, etc.), it will not change the horizontal state of the pyranometer.
6.2 Maintenance
Perform the following inspections and maintenance at least once in the morning and afternoon every day: a) Is the pyranometer level, and are the sensing surface and glass cover intact? b) Is the pyranometer clean? If there is dust, frost, fog or raindrops on the glass cover, use a lens brush or deerskin to clean it in time, and be careful not to scratch or wear the glass.
The glass cover cannot be infiltrated by water, and there should be no condensation inside the cover. Check whether the silica gel in the dryer is damp. If so, replace it in time.
d) Is the pyranometer sensor glass cover always within the shade formed by the sunshade ball? e) In case of severe weather such as strong thunderstorms, strengthen inspections and deal with problems in time. 6.3 Verification
The pyranometer should be used only with a verification certificate issued by a legal metrology agency, and the verification cycle is 2 years. 3
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7 Collection of measurement data
7.1 Data collection time
The local mean solar time is usually used for scattered radiation measurement. 00:00:00:01 represents the beginning of the day, and 24:00:00 represents the end of the day.
7.2 Data collection method
If the data collected by the radiation measurement is irradiance, it is collected directly. If the data collected by the radiation measurement is a voltage value, the irradiance value is calculated according to formula (1): E=K
Where:
E—irradiance, in watts per square meter (W·m-\); V—microvoltage value of the output voltage of the pyranometer, in microvolts (μV); K—sensitivity of the pyranometer, in microvolts per square meter per watt [te (μV.W-1·m). 7.3 Sampling frequency and algorithm
·（1）
The irradiance sampling frequency is 6 times/min. Remove 1 maximum value and 1 minimum value, and use the remaining 4 samples to calculate the average value as the instantaneous value of the minute. The minute instantaneous value is multiplied by 60s to obtain the irradiation of the minute. 8 Processing of measurement data
8.1 Principles for processing measurement data
8.1.1 No deletion, modification, addition or reduction should be made to the original data. 8.1.2
Discover and deal with omissions and distortions in records in a timely manner, repair or replace instruments in a timely manner, and record the corresponding time and explain the reasons. 8.2 Quality inspection of observation records
8.2.1 Inspection method
The quality inspection of observation records by the solar resource observation station is mainly based on the records of this month. The inspection methods include extreme value inspection and correlation inspection.
8.2.2 Extreme value check
The maximum change of two adjacent instantaneous values ​​of scattered radiation should be less than 1000W·m-?. 8.2.3 Correlation check
The following correlation checks should be carried out on relevant data: a) The hourly (daily) scattered radiation exposure should be less than the hourly (daily) total radiation exposure: b) The absolute value of the difference between the daily total radiation exposure and the sum of the daily scattered radiation exposure and the daily horizontal direct radiation exposure should not be greater than 20% of the total radiation daily exposure.
c) The trend of the observation value of the observation station should be consistent with that of the surrounding observation stations. 4
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8.3 Copy and backup of observation records
After quality inspection, the observation records should be copied and backed up for permanent preservation. 8.4 Statistics of measurement data
8.4.1 Statistics of daily irradiation
GB/T33699—2017
The daily irradiation of scattered radiation is obtained by accumulating the hourly irradiation of scattered radiation, and the hourly irradiation is obtained by accumulating the minute-by-minute irradiation. 8.4.2 Monthly statistics of irradiation
The monthly total and monthly average statistics of scattered radiation should be made. The monthly total value is obtained by accumulating the daily records, and the monthly average value is obtained by dividing the monthly total value by the number of days in the month.
8.4.3 Recording and selection of irradiance
Record the maximum irradiance value of each scattered radiation day and its occurrence time, select the maximum value from the daily maximum value as the monthly maximum irradiance value of scattered radiation, and record its corresponding occurrence date and time. If the maximum value of the month occurs on multiple days, only the number of days needs to be recorded. 8.4.4 Processing of missing data
If the daily irradiance of scattered radiation is missing for ten days or more in a month, no monthly statistics will be made for that month; if the daily irradiance is missing for nine days or less, the monthly total and monthly average shall be calculated according to the following methods:
a) The monthly average of the total amount of hours or days is equal to the sum of the actual records divided by the number of days with actual records; b) The monthly total of the total amount of hours or days is equal to the monthly average of the total amount of hours or days multiplied by the total number of days in that month. 8.5 Filling in the monthly observation report
8.5.1 Cover
For the specific style of the cover of the monthly observation report of solar energy resources (scattered radiation), please refer to Figure A.1 in Appendix A. For the height of the global pyranometer from the ground, fill in the height of the instrument sensing surface from the ground in meters (m) and keep one decimal place. 8.5.2 Data
The measured data shall be filled in according to Table A1 in Appendix A, and statistics shall be made according to the processing regulations of the measured data. 8.5.3 Remarks
8.5.3.1 Remarks 1
For the specific format of Remarks 1, please refer to Table A.2 in Appendix A. The contents to be filled in include: a) Model, number, calibration certificate number, sensitivity K, response time t, resistance value R, calibration time and start time of the pyranometer and its recorder or collector.
If it is necessary to replace the pyranometer and recorder or collector, fill in the blanks in accordance with 8.5.3.1a). b)
c) Environmental conditions around the site and underlying surface: 1) When the observation starts at the site, a shielding map of the surrounding environment of the site should be drawn and described in words. When the surrounding environment changes significantly, the shielding map of the surrounding environment and the text description should be redrawn. The underlying surface conditions should generally include soil type, color, moisture condition, vegetation height, vegetation color, vegetation type, growth condition and coverage, etc.
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GB/T33699—2017
Remark 2
For the specific format of Remark 2, please refer to Table A.3 of Appendix A. The content to be filled in includes: a)
Instrument failure or believed cause that affects the quality of radiation records; abnormal record handling.
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Format of Solar Resource (Diffuse Radiation) Observation Monthly Report GB/T33699—2017
Figure A.1 and Tables A.1 to A.3 give the formats of different pages of the Solar Resource (Diffuse Radiation) Observation Monthly Report. After the data records of the current month are filled in, they are bound into a book.
Region station number
File number
Solar energy resources (scattered radiation) observation record monthly report
Station name:
Province (municipality, autonomous region):
Observation field altitude:
Height of total radiation meter from the ground:
Station director:
Transcriber:
Initial calculator:
Proofreader:
|Recalculator:
Figure A.1 Monthly Report of Solar Energy Resources (Diffuse Radiation) Observation-1 (Cover)7
GB/T33699—2017
Monthly Total
Monthly Average
Monthly Report of Solar Energy Resources (Diffuse Radiation) Observation-2 (Data) Diffuse Radiation Irradiance
MJ·m-2
3) Time
Retain two significant figures.
21) TimeWww.bzxZ.net
22) Time
23) Time
Monthly Maximum Value of Diffuse Radiation Irradiance
24) Time
Date and Time of Monthly Maximum Value of Diffuse Radiation IrradianceWhen the monthly maximum value appears on the same day for multiple days, the blank column does not need to be filled with the date and time, and the number of days can be recorded. Table A.2
Instrument Name
Pyranometer
Data Collector
Environmental Conditions of the Site Surroundings and Underlying Surface:
Backup and Instruments to be Repaired are not filled in.
Solar Energy Resources (Scattered Radiation) Observation Monthly Report-3 (Note 1) "Current Instrument List"
Calibration Certificate
Should include the calibration certificate number, sensitivity K, response time t, resistance value R and other information. 8
Scattered Radiation Irradiance
Last Calibration Time
Occurrence Time
Start of Working Time2
Instrument name
Pyranometer
In the data logger
,
Environmental conditions around the site and underlying surface:
Don't fill in backup and waiting-for-repair instruments.
Solar energy resource (scattered radiation) observation monthly report-3 (Note 1) "Current instrument table"
Calibration certificate
Should include the calibration certificate number, sensitivity K, response time t, resistance value R and other information. 8
Scattered radiation irradiance
Last calibration time
Occurrence time
Start working time
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