Ergonomic principles for the design of control centres Part 7 : Control room layout
Some standard content:
DL/T 575.7---1999
This standard is compiled with reference to the contents of control room layout in the research results of ergonomics standardization at home and abroad (see Appendix C). The series of standards DL/T575 is titled "Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers" and includes 12 sub-standards: DL/T575.1 Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers Part 1: Terms and definitions;
DL/T575.2 Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers Part 2: Field of view and division of visual area;
Part 3: Division of hand reach and operation area; DL/T575.3 Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers DL/T575.4 Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers Part 1: Dimensions of confined spaces;
DL/T575.5 Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers Part 5: Design principles of control centers; DI./ T575.6 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 6: Principles of overall layout of control center: DI./T575.7 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 7: Layout of control room: Part 8: Layout and size of workstations: DL/T575.8 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 9: Display, controller and their interaction; DL/T575.9
DI./T575.10 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 10: Principles of environmental requirements;
DL/T575.11 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center DI/T575.12 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 11: Evaluation principles of control room; Part 12: Visual display terminal (VDT) T workstation Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C of this standard are all suggestive appendices. This standard was proposed by the former Ministry of Electric Power Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Power Automation Research Institute of the State Power Corporation. The main drafting units of this standard are: China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding, State Power Corporation Electric Power Automation Research Institute, State Power Corporation Labor Protection Science Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are: Liu Wei, Tong Shizhong, Hua Donghong, Li Zhiguang, Ma Changshan, Zhang Jinhua. 1281
1 Scope
Electric Power Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centres
Part 7: Layout of control rooms
Ergonomic principles for the design of control centresPart 7:Control room layout
DL/T 575. 7 --- 1999
This standard specifies the ergonomic principles for the layout of control rooms (dispatching rooms), including the steps of control room layout, general principles and architectural considerations, requirements for the layout of workstations and shared visual display screens, and requirements for personnel flow and maintenance channels. This standard applies to the design of various control rooms (dispatching rooms) and also to the technical transformation design of existing control centers. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. DL/T575.1--1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 1: Terms and definitions Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 4: Dimensions of confined spaces DL./T 575. 4 1999
DL/T575.5-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 5: Design principles of control centers DI./T575.6-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 6: Principles of overall layout of control centers DL/T 575.8 1999
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 8: Layout and dimensions of workstations DI./T 575.9—1999
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 9: Displays, controls and interactions DI./T 575.10---1999
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 10: Principles of environmental requirements DL/1575.11: 1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers 3 Definitions
The definitions adopted in this standard are given in DIL/T575.1--1999. 4 Layout design of control room
4.1 Steps in control room layout design
Part 11: Principles for evaluation of control room
Before the layout of the control room, the ergonomic characteristics and requirements of the control room, including job descriptions, staff profiles, equipment specifications and all operating procedures, have been determined in DIT575.5 (some requirements still need to be consistent with some requirements and recommendations in this standard). The document summarizing these characteristics of the control room is called the functional specification (or operating specification). The following flowchart summarizes the general steps of the control room layout design (only the main activities are indicated, see Figure 1). The flow chart (see Figure 1) involves the input of information during the preparation of the "functional layout" of the control room, which includes the number of workstations and their placement. The workstations should be grouped according to the functional connection, which includes equipment sharing, direct line of sight and direct language connection. The typical recommended practice for control room layout design is to place multiple workstations or single workstations in the effective space of the control room using functional connections. This process is roughly carried out according to the size of the workstation group (the number of individual workstations in the workstation group). Should be prepared Approved by the State Economic and Trade Commission of the People's Republic of China on February 24, 2000 1282
Implemented on July 1, 2000
Note: Any step in the process
can form feedback
Principles of control center layout
(See DI/T 575. 6)
Recommendations (See 4.3)
Task analysis (DL/T575.5)
General scale of workstation layout
Functional connection diagram in control room
Select certain users
Functional specifications
Users
DL/T 575. 7 ---1999
Existing space: Identify available and non-available space and mark them
Plan site: Preliminary allocation of space for control room and support functions
Preparation of functional layout diagrams
Initial layout of main workstations and major off-site shared display screens
Arrangement of secondary workstations, work aids and equipment
Conduct layout inspection according to operational requirements
Documentation of evaluation results
Selection of test layout
Conduct layout inspection by users according to actual dimensions
Selection of the best control room layout
Documentation of ergonomic
principles adopted and comprehensive
adjustment plans adopted
Requirements and recommendations in 4.3
Operation feedback
4. 2,4. 3,4. 5,4. 6
Requirements and recommendations in
Requirements and recommendations in 4.4
Requirements and recommendations in 4.7
Requirements and recommendations in 4.7
Results of the previous steps
Required design activities to be performed
Results of this step,
Figure 1 General steps for control room layout (flow chart) Several different functional layout schemes are available for selection, and these layout schemes should meet the requirements of the operating specifications. The conversion of the functional layout to the control room layout is achieved by converting the functional groups into workstations of appropriate size and adjusting the layout to ensure the required circulation and maintenance channels. A similar process can also be used to deal with the layout of the control room where the spatial location has not yet been determined. In this case, the functional layout and control room layout can be used to determine the space allocated for these functions.
The schematic diagram of the layout of the main equipment in the control room layout is shown in Figure 2.
Once the candidate control room layout is determined, the control room operator and user should conduct tests according to the operating specifications. Through repeated tests, the best control room layout can be preliminarily determined. The final selected control room layout should be approved according to the performance criteria specified in the document and recorded. The control room wall screen
Console-bZxz.net
Closed-circuit television monitoring screen
Visual display
Control panel
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the layout of the main equipment in the control room
Workstation
DL/T 575.7--1999
Comparison of performance with criteria, and any comprehensive adjustments made (see 4.2.6). The evaluation principles used are given in 11T575.114.2 General principles for control room layout design
4.2.1 Architectural aspects
4.2.1.1 Personnel 1/exit
Main exits and personnel should not be located behind the operator's eyes or within his working field of vision, unless the operator has checked the special duties of the personnel (see 4.4.1).
4.2.1.2 Personnel safety
Necessary facilities such as guardrails and handrails should be provided in the control room (see 4.3.2). 4.2.1.3 Future expansion
The design of the control room should take into account the possibility of future expansion. The scale of the expansion may be affected by factors such as the design life of the control room and expected changes in workload or logistics. Generally, the expansion margin of work positions and equipment can be considered as 25 (see 4.3.1.2).
4.2.2 Operational requirements
4.2.2.1 Service analysis
The layout of the control room should be based on recognized principles, which are derived from operational feedback, task analysis and user groups. These basic principles should be fully documented (see 4.1).
4.2.2.2 Group collaboration
In a control room with many operators, its layout should facilitate collaboration and communication between operators. This is very important for completing the main cost tasks (see 4.4.1).
4.2.2.3 Organizational factors
The layout of the control room should reflect the division of responsibilities and supervision requirements. 4.2.2.4 Operator contact
In the layout of the control room, special attention should be paid to optimizing basic operator contact, including visual communication or direct verbal communication (see 1.1.1). 4.2.3 Arrangement of workstations
4.2.3.1 Position of workstations in the room
Working positions in the control room should not be too crowded or loose, and should be suitable for direct verbal communication between operators, and avoid too small distances between adjacent operators (see 4.4.1). 4.2.3.2 Consistency of layout
Control rooms with similar functions in the same plant or control center should adopt the same ergonomic principles to facilitate planning and group collaboration.
4.2.3.3 Posture change
In the layout and work system of the workstation, the operator should be able to change posture during work and leave the workstation at any time. This can be solved by placing certain off-site facilities close to the main operating position. However, in any case, it should not hinder the performance of primary duties. 4.2.3.4 Human dimensions
The dimensions of the control room and workstation layout are related to human dimensions. The layout design should take into account the operator's human dimensions (see 4.5.1). 4.2.3.5 Windows
Operators using visual displays should not face windows (unless these windows are the main source of information). It should be avoided to place windows in the control room behind the operator, as this will cause reflections on the display screen. If the operator's visual display must face the window, the brightness difference of the display should not cause glare. 4.2.4 Shared Displays
All shared visual displays for operators should be visible at all relevant workstations. 4.2.5 Personnel Movement and Maintenance Access
The movement of other staff, maintenance personnel and all visitors in the control room should interfere with the work of the control room operator as little as possible. See 1284
4. 6. 1).
DL/T 575.7-1999
It is recommended that the duty officer position be set close to the main entrance and certain measures be taken to restrict unauthorized personnel from entering the operating area (see 4.6.1). The layout of the control room should take into account the requirements of maintenance access (see 4.6.2). 4.2.6 Inspection and Approval of Control Room Layout
Inspection and approval is an interactive process and should also be a process that provides feedback to the designer in order to obtain the best control room layout plan.
The criteria used for approval and the comprehensive adjustments made during the design process should be documented. 4.2.7 Documentation
Decisions made based on ergonomic principles and standards should be documented and properly stored for future reference (see Figure 1).
4.3 Architectural recommendations
The recommendations given in this clause are related to the allocation of space within the building where the control room is located. For more detailed architectural requirements for control centers, see DL/T 575.6.
4.3.1 Planar space allocation
4.3.1.1 Selection of workspace
a) The area of the control room should be selected based on the usable area rather than the total area. b) The presence of architecturally unavoidable columns and difficult-to-use corners in the planned area will significantly reduce the usable space and bring difficulties to the work layout.
c) When allocating indoor space, the reference value of each work position area is 9m2~15m2. It is suitable for control rooms with multiple operators, taking into account the equipment, seats and maintenance channels. The detailed requirements should be determined based on task analysis and follow the procedures given in 1)1./T575.6. This space allocation is based on the "usable area". Note: The data provided comes from a survey of the actual usable area of the control room (according to the ergonomic principle). The area of each work position is 9m~15m2. The band is suitable for control rooms that do not have a large shared visual display screen, but only consist of a single workstation (or workstation group). For large shared display screens such as mimic screens, the control room space allocation can be determined according to actual requirements. d) In abnormal operation conditions, if additional operators are required in the control room, sufficient space should be provided for these additional personnel.
e) Temporary positions can be provided next to the fixed positions of operators for use by shift change personnel. f) Square, circular and hexagonal control rooms offer the greatest flexibility in the arrangement of functional groups, maximizing the possibility of functional connections (see Figure 3). Long and narrow shapes reduce the options. g) Certain shapes of control rooms (such as hexagonal and circular structures) are more likely to gather noise.
h) Curved walls sometimes affect the future rearrangement of workstations.
4.3.1.2 Future Expansion
Space allocation should take into account the requirements of the entire design life of the control room, as well as future increases in workload, personnel and equipment. In the case of a design life of 10 to 20 years, 25% of the usable area should be reserved as additional area for future expansion. 4.3.2 Vertical space allocation (see Figure 4)
Functional group
Room Alunlang
Figure 3 Room shape and functional layout
a) The floors of the control room are at the same height, which will have greater flexibility for future changes, equipment movement and personnel flow; b) For a given control area, it is best to arrange it under the ceiling of the same height; c) The height between the floor cement slabs should be at least 4m to allow for the laying of floor mezzanines and ceiling mezzanines, the installation of indirect lighting systems and 1285
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off-site shared displays. After the construction is completed, there should be at least 3m of distance between the ceiling and the floor; Concrete top slab
Gap between ceiling and concrete
Top slab
200mm~500mm
Finished ceiling
Finished floor
Gap between floor and concrete
Gap between floor and ground
200mm~~500mm
Concrete floor
Figure 4 Vertical space allocation
d) It is best to use a flat ceiling to avoid distracting the operator's attention or diffusion from the light source. This type of flat surface should also be used for walls and any building components;
C) Floors of different heights can provide different viewing areas, which can facilitate the observation of the shift leader and serve as a means of dividing the public area (see Chapter 7 of DIL./T575.4). For safety, the slope required for equipment movement and personnel flow should be considered; f) Floors of different heights are sometimes more convenient for operators to observe shared visual display screens. 4.3.3 Exits, populations and aisles
a) The location and number of exits and populations should be determined based on factors such as the number of operators and the functional connection with the control room outside, and meet the requirements of relevant national safety regulations (such as fire protection) (see DL/T575.4 for detailed requirements).6). b) Single…main exit and main entrance shall be convenient for security work and personnel control, and emergency exit shall be set up. c) The location of the entrance shall be set in consideration of its connection with the supporting facilities around the control room (such as toilets, rest areas, duty officer's office). d) The size of the exit and entrance shall be large enough for trolleys and wheelchairs to pass through, and shall provide convenience for operators and visitors, control room equipment and maintenance equipment to enter and exit.
e) Where documents or certificates need to be checked before entering the control room, the arrangement of access routes and temporary waiting areas shall be considered. f) Counters for signing in or collecting documents such as "work permits" should usually be located near the entrance. b) When there are changes in floor height in connection with exits or entrances, appropriate auxiliary measures such as guardrails, handrails and non-slip surfaces should be provided to ensure safety.
4.3.4 Windows
4.3.4.1 Windows in control rooms are not only for lighting purposes, but also for operational, psychological and physiological reasons. The brightness difference between various visual displays used at workstations should be avoided to be greater than 10:1, and it should be ensured that the displays do not flicker when in use. In some cases, windows are not suitable for safety reasons.
When the operator's task includes obtaining visual information directly from outside the control room, windows should be placed within the operator's field of vision as needed. 4.3. 4.2 Requirements for window settings:
a) Workstations should not face windows unless the windows are the source of the main information; b) To avoid reflected light on the display, windows should not be set behind the operator; d) Windows should be equipped with curtains that can be manipulated by users; e) When operating information is obtained through windows, the characteristics of such information should be determined; e) Meeting rooms and rest areas should be equipped with windows, and control rooms should also be equipped with windows to provide a visually regulated environment; f) The main workstation should not be visible from the windows of the non-operating area of the control center; g) The size of the window should enable the operator in the control room to have a clear view of the environment outside the window; For window glass, it is recommended to use light colors that can reduce the brightness of the sky.
4.3.5 Visitors
DL/T 575. 7 --- 1999
a) At the beginning of the project, the facilities designed for visitors should be considered and regarded as a normal function of the control center (see DL/T575.6 for further requirements).
b) Where confidential information is displayed, it should be ensured that it cannot be observed from the public observation area. c) The design of the public observation area should ensure that the operator does not feel that it is just a "technical performance" for visitors. d) The design of the public observation area should also consider that some of the operator's "informal activities" (such as reading and drinking during breaks) should not be seen by visitors, and a certain visual barrier should be set up. e) When there is an observation corridor above the control room floor in the control room, its impact on the The influence of natural lighting and human lighting in the control room.
4.4 Arrangement of workstations in the control room
4.4.1 Plane layout
a) Communication between operators in the control room, such as direct communication by language, sight or voice, etc., should be documented using a contact form before the workstation layout is determined, and corresponding criteria should be provided to facilitate the evaluation of alternative options (see Figure 1). b) When there are multiple workstation layout options to choose from, the following factors should be considered: 1-Is the workstation used by one person or multiple people; Is each workstation exactly the same;
-All operations are performed at a single workstation or distributed to several workstations. c) When multiple control rooms working on the same system are located in different regions or countries, these control rooms should adopt a similar layout. This approach facilitates the flow of control personnel from one site to another and can reduce training time and errors. d) When arranging workstations, both normal and abnormal operating modes should be considered, such as information transmission by written or other non-electronic means.
e) Where ventilation systems, windows and lighting are installed, workstations should be located away from air vents to avoid glare and reflections on display screens.
f) The layout of workstations should provide a satisfactory operating environment and enable effective operation in both the maximum and minimum staff conditions.
g) When there are multiple operators in the control room, informal conversations between operators can be carried out without affecting work efficiency.
h) The layout of workstations should enable operators to easily store and display required reference documents and items that may be needed in emergency situations.
i) Special consideration should be given to the work of standing operators to meet their requirements for appropriate storage, display and use of reference materials. j) When multiple workstations are combined together, operators at adjacent operating positions should not be in each other's "close area" (see Chapter 7 of IDI./T575.4), but it is acceptable to work close to each other occasionally. k) The space between operators should take into account factors such as shared equipment, commonly used areas (see DI./T575.8) or potential problems caused by noise interference (see DL/T575.10). 1) When a group of multiple workstations forms a unit, the arrangement of operators around the workstations has different characteristics (see Appendix A1 and A2).
m) In the layout of the control room, the determination of the approximate size of the workstation should take into account the size of the equipment, the work surface, and the work Before any final layout is determined, a comprehensive inspection should be carried out by trialing the workstations and control room (see DL/T575.8 and DL/T575.11). n) When selecting the control room layout, attention should be paid to the operator's training requirements, for example, leaving extra space for equipment adjacent to the operator's normal position or providing a separate training station. o) The layout of the workstation should take into account maintenance requirements and the space required for mobile equipment (especially when it contains large components). p) The overall layout of the control room should prevent unauthorized personnel from passing through the control room, but no obstacles should be set up. 1287
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q) Unless it is required for operation, the layout of the workstation should make it impossible for the operator to see the exit from the operating position to avoid distracting his attention.
4.4.2 Duty Supervisor's Workstation
In some control rooms: Certain workstations will be designated as duty supervisor's workstations, and the requirements for them are as follows: a) Auxiliary reference materials need to be stored, displayed and used sometimes on the duty supervisor's workstation. b) In the process of arranging the duty supervisor's workstation, it is necessary to first determine whether the duty supervisor's main responsibility is to monitor the system or supervise the operator, or both. If it is a monitoring system, the layout should focus on the location of the equipment; if it is direct supervision and management of operators, the location of the workstation in the control room and the appearance of the workstation should be emphasized.
c) The layout of the duty supervisor's workstation should take into account the flow of outside personnel and temporary visitors. d) When the duty supervisor's workstation is required to have the function of handling major events, consideration should be given to providing additional vertical display surfaces to display charts or procedures, and it should also be considered that this area sometimes needs Space required for additional personnel. If these major events are not handled at the duty supervisor's workstation, they should be considered separately when the control center is laid out. 4.4.3 Vertical layout
Arranging workstations on multiple levels is an effective way for multiple operators to use shared display screens. However, this will affect the visual, verbal and social contact between operators. In the control room, using floors of different heights may be beneficial for operators to observe shared display screens and improve visual contact between operators, but other methods can also be adopted, such as careful layout of the control room or placement of overview display equipment. When using floors of different heights in the control room, the following issues should be considered: a) Obstruction to personnel movement;
b) Restriction on the movement of larger equipment components;
c) It is more difficult to change the layout of the control room in the future and it will reduce the flexibility of the layout; d) Workstations and operating positions are at different heights, which brings special requirements for lighting and heating; e) Floor space is occupied by the installation of ramps. 4.4.4 Auxiliary workstation
When all equipment and reference materials cannot be stored in the workstation (the latter will handle overload tasks during peak load), an auxiliary workstation should be considered. The layout principle of the auxiliary workstation is the same as that of the main workstation (see DI./T575.8). 4.4.5 Other issues in the layout of workstations
a) Long-term requirements should be considered. In addition to the operational requirements when the workstation is first put into use, requirements that may arise at the end of the design life should also be considered, including equipment updates, additional jobs and changes in operating procedures.
b) The storage of document information should be classified, so appropriate measures should be taken in the control room. Table 1 gives an appropriate classification. Where desktop computers are used for information storage, information that is not stored in this way should be classified according to the standards used in the past.
c) Arrangements should be made for the storage of personal items in the control room or locker room outside the control area. See DI./T575.6 for the requirements for the storage of larger items outside the control area. Storage requirements
"Available at any time
Frequent use
Occasional use
Table 1 Classification of data storage in control room
Typical location
Student workstation
-Auxiliary workstation
-Adjacent workstation
Data room
Operating procedures
-Important telephone numbers
-Emergency procedures
-Diagnostic documents
Charts or tables
Internal telephone book
-Auxiliary operating procedures
Architectural/engineering drawings
Troubleshooting procedures for non-critical equipment
d) The control room should consider the requirements of temporary staff (such as on-site operators and auxiliary operators), and sometimes provide appropriate work surfaces (such as using meters for recording), seats and temporary storage of clothing and safety helmets. These should be determined through appropriate task analysis (see DL/T 575. 8).
4.5 Shared visual display screens
DL/T 575. 7 .. 1999
This section gives the requirements for shared visual displays in control rooms. Many different technologies can be used to display overview images, including the use of rows of CCTV monitors, projection screens, simulation screens and static image screens. When designing the control room layout, it is also necessary to consider that these different technical measures will bring certain limitations, including restrictions on viewing angles, contrast and image structure. DL/T575.9 gives detailed characteristics of displays. Consideration may be given to using smaller schematic diagrams on workstations instead of large shared displays. 4.5.1 Horizontal and vertical viewing distances
a) For off-site visual displays that are used regularly or continuously, the best location is directly in front of the operator. In this way, the shared display can be in the operator's direct field of view or can be viewed only by eye movement scanning, as shown in Figure 5. b) For large shared display screens that are used regularly or continuously, it is recommended that each operator be equipped with a normal display to effectively obtain the displayed information, and a smaller schematic diagram should be used instead of the large shared display screen.
c) For shared display screens that are used regularly, the layout design of the control room should ensure that the operator can see all the required information in both horizontal and vertical directions at the normal working position.
d) For shared display screens that provide secondary information (information that the operator does not need to read when the operator is at the operating workstation floor
-operator
horizontal observation angle
wide shared visual display screen
Figure 5 Optimal position of visual display screen outside the workstation), sometimes it can be placed on one side of the workstation, and the operator can read all the required information by rotating the seat.
e) The required information displayed on the shared display screen should be visible to the 5th to 95th percentile of the user group from their normal working position (see Appendix A1). For information that is critical to safety, the range of user groups that can be included is relaxed to the 1st percentile to the 99th percentile (see DL/T575.8). f) The operating information displayed on the lower half of the shared display screen should be visible to the 5th percentile operator in a non-upright sitting position, as shown in Figure 6. The following formula can be used to determine this scale (if H>H.): Shared visual display screen
Line of sight. —
Figure 6 Workstation height and overall plan
H,=H. \-(D+d)
The lowest visible height of the display screen;
Where H,-
■ Sitting eye height
（1）
Sitting reference eye height (the sum of sitting eye height and chair surface height), the 5th percentile male body size should be used, H.
Take H=1 175 mm (see DL/T 575.8--1999 A2.5); H.-Console height;
DThe distance from the front edge of the console to the surface of the vertical screen; D. ——~Console depth;
DL,T575.77999
d-The distance from the eye to the front edge of the console. Upright sitting d==0: Recumbent sitting d=150mm; (see DI! T575.81990 A2.5).
4.5.2 Relationship between shared display screen and other facilities in workstation a) Windows should not be located adjacent to shared display screen or within the same field of view; b) Artificial lighting in the control room should not interfere with the visibility of any part of the shared display screen; c) The finish of the peripheral part of the shared display screen should be carefully controlled so as not to affect the visibility of any part of the shared display screen; d) The exit should not be within the same field of view as the main shared display screen. 4.6 Passages for personnel flow and maintenance
It involves the appropriate space required for personnel flow, maintenance and cleaning work under normal circumstances. 4.6.1 Personnel flow
a) Appropriate space should be provided for personnel flow so that the operation of the control room will not be affected by visual or auditory interference and affect work efficiency.
b) Sufficient space should be provided for personnel of both shifts during shift change. d) The layout of the control room should enable the relevant personnel to leave the control room in an orderly manner. e) The restricted ceiling height should be indicated, and warning signs can be set on the ceiling. f) The minimum space required for a person walking forward in a standing position is shown in Figure 7. If a tool box or other items are carried, additional space is required. For non-emergency exits:
Figure 7 Personnel movement space
For emergency exits:
A - h(P)+ X
B a(P)+Y
Aem = h(Pa) + X
Bem a(Pg) + Y
where A.-opening height (A.. for emergency exit); B---opening width (Bn for emergency exit); h height ·
α--width between elbows;
(3)
(4)
(5)
X height margin (give appropriate margin for helmets, hats and heels, etc.): Y---width margin (width margin for bulky clothing); .-percentile;
P95--95th percentile of the expected user group; P9g--99th percentile of the expected user group. g) The 99th percentile data should be used for emergency exits; the 95th percentile data should be used for non-emergency exits. These data should be derived from the human body size data of the user group. The margin for dynamic conditions during walking should be taken into account, at which time the difference between the 95th percentile and the 99th percentile is not obvious.
Note: The channel size can generally be calculated according to 6.3 of DL/T575.4. When there are special requirements, it can be calculated according to formulas (2) to (5). h) The activity space for two people should be doubled based on the above formula (including leaving appropriate margins for push-belt tool boxes and other objects).
i) Fixed objects should be placed away from the activity area of hinged doors to avoid squeezing. When designing the rotation direction of the door, the possibility of people being knocked down by fire, smoke or gas should be considered, and the possibility that people will not block the door in a coma should be considered. i) For operators using wheelchairs, a width margin should be left for the largest wheelchair, and the margin required for the elbow to drive the wheelchair should be considered. In the appropriate location of the control room, the required additional rotation space should be left for wheelchair users. See Appendix B for details. 1290
4.6.2 Maintenance channel
DL/T575.7-1999
a) Appropriate space should be left for maintenance to avoid inadvertent start-up of equipment or systems. b) For visibility and maintenance reasons, equipment components installed on the mimic screen or operating screen should be at least 700mm above the floor (see Figure 6H).
c) The maintenance channel can be located at the back of the workstation to avoid interrupting the operator's operation. Appropriate clearance should be left at the back of the workstation so that maintenance personnel can work in a kneeling position when necessary. For specific requirements for maintenance channels (spaces), see Chapter 5 of DL/T575.4-1999 and DL/T 575.8---1999.
d) Maintenance access is sometimes provided on the back of shared display screens and monitors outside the workstation. In this case, the space required by the 95th percentile maintenance personnel of the user group should be considered, and the ladders used and the tool boxes carried should also be taken into account. e) When heavy or large equipment parts need to be removed, the relevant operating manual should be consulted, and sometimes even mechanical auxiliary facilities or working positions for lifts need to be provided.
f) Access to maintenance pipelines or equipment to be repaired should be located outside the control room. 4.6.3 Cleaning
a) It should not be possible to accidentally trigger any control switch that endangers safety during cleaning. b) An appropriate number of power sockets should be provided for cleaning tools and maintenance to avoid electrical interference or hindering operations in the control room. c) Appropriate margins should be left between equipment or furniture to facilitate cleaning. d) Operations in the control room should not be interrupted while cleaning work is being carried out. e) Eating in the control room is allowed in some cases, and consideration should be given to providing a certain amount of space. f) The layout of the control room should take into account the comfort of the posture or movement of the cleaning work. 4.7 Check of the control room layout
To ensure that the control room layout meets the predetermined design plan and relevant ergonomic principles, the control room layout should be checked. 1291
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Appendix A
(Suggestive Appendix)
Workstation layout plan
The tables and related schematic diagrams in Appendix A1 and Appendix A2 give different workstation layouts. Factors considered include observation of shared display screens, operational links between control room operators, and links between shift supervisors and operators. These diagrams emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of various combinations of workstation layouts, rather than prescribing them. These diagrams summarize the operational characteristics and effects of various workstation layout plans. However, the most suitable layout should still be determined through task analysis (see DL/T575.5). A1 General combination of workstations
General combination of workstations, see Table A1. Table AI
Single-side curved layout
Combination of workstations
Description:
Workstation
Observation direction
Other workstations
Shared equipment within the station
Shared display screen outside the station
Direct visual communication
Language communication
Whisper interference
Information transmission
Collection and transmission of written texts
Collaborative work of groups
Separation between stations
Maintenance passage
Symbol explanation: Ten
Single straight line layout
Better; V-
1) The operator must turn around or move.
General combination of workstations
Single-sided curved layout
Operator position
On the inside
Between operators
-Generally;/—one is poor.
Operator position
On the outside
Straight line or curved
Operators are arranged
On both sides
2) The workstations need to be carefully arranged so that each group can share the shared display screen outside the station. 3) Each group can share a different display. Straight line or curved
Operators are arranged
On both sides
Between operator groups
4) Depends on the detailed layout: the curved layout with operators on the outside is better; the curved layout with operators on the inside is worse. 1292
Straight line or curved
Operators are arranged
On both sides
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