JB/T 6062-1992 Weld penetration inspection method and classification of defect magnetic marks
Some standard content:
Mechanical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Weld Penetrant Inspection Method and
Grading of Defect Traces
1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
JB/T 6062-92
This standard specifies the penetrant inspection method (color inspection and fluorescent inspection) and the classification of defect traces of welds and adjacent parent materials.
This standard applies to the surface open defect inspection of the following metal welds: welds welded with non-magnetic materials;
b, fillet welds of magnetic materials and welds that are difficult to inspect with magnetic particle inspection or have poor inspection results, such as inspection during the root cleaning process of double-sided butt welds.
2 Reference standards
GB388 Determination of sulfur content in petroleum products
GB/T12604.3 Nondestructive testing terminology Penetrant testing JB/T6064 Technical conditions for chrome-plated test blocks for penetrant testing ZBE30002 Determination of chlorine content in petroleum products (flask combustion method) ZBH24002 Type A sensitivity comparison test block for penetrant testing ZBJ04003 Method for controlling the quality of penetrant testing materials ZBJ04005 Penetrant testing method
3 Inspectors
3.1 Weld penetrant inspectors should undergo strict training and assessment in accordance with the relevant regulations, and hold a grade qualification certificate issued by the corresponding assessment organization.
3.2 The vision of weld penetrant inspectors should be checked once a year, and the corrected vision should not be less than 1.0, and there should be no color blindness or color weakness. 4.1 The flaw detection fluid includes penetrant, emulsifier, cleaning agent and developer, and shall not corrode the weld to be inspected and its parent material. 4.2 When inspecting nickel alloy welds, the sulfur content of each flaw detection fluid shall not exceed 1% of the weight of the residue obtained by analysis using GB388; when inspecting austenitic stainless steel or titanium alloy welds, the sum of the fluorine and fluorine content of each flaw detection fluid shall not exceed 1% of the weight of the residue obtained by analysis using ZBE30002 and Appendix A (reference). 4.3 The same series of flaw detection fluids produced by the same manufacturer shall be used, and mixing of different types of flaw detection fluids is not allowed. 4.4 If a fluorescent inspection is required for the weld after the coloring method is inspected, it must be carried out after thorough cleaning. 4.5 In order to control the quality of the penetrant flaw detection fluid, aluminum alloy test blocks or chrome-plated test blocks that meet the requirements of ZBH24002 or JB/T6064 may be used according to the provisions of ZBJ04003. Approved by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China on May 5, 1992 164
Implemented on July 1, 1993
5 Inspection Operations
5.1 Pretreatment
JB/T6062--92
5.1.1 The pretreatment area is the inspected surface, which includes the weld surface and the adjacent area surface of at least 25mm on both sides of the weld. 5.1.2 Use mechanical methods (such as grinding) to remove welding slag, welding spatter, rust and oxide scale on the inspected surface: Use solvent methods (such as water or detergent) to clean the grease, fiber scraps and other foreign substances on the inspected surface that may cover the surface defect display or interfere with the inspection. Cleaning methods such as sandblasting and shot blasting that may block surface opening defects are not allowed. 5.1.3 When the weld wave or other surface irregularities of the weld affect the penetration inspection, they should be polished flat. 5.1.4 The cleaned surface shall be fully dried by natural evaporation or by using appropriate strong hot air. 5.2 Penetration treatment
5.2.1 The penetrant may be applied by any method such as dipping, brushing, spraying, etc. 5.2.2 The temperature suitable for penetration treatment is 15-50°C, and the penetration time shall not be less than 5 minutes or the penetration time specified in the instruction manual of the penetrant. During the penetration time, the penetrant shall be kept to wet the entire surface of the inspection. When the temperature is in the range of 3-15°C, the penetration time shall be appropriately increased according to the temperature conditions. When it is lower than 3°C or higher than 50°C, it shall be considered and decided separately and explained in the inspection report. 5.3 Cleaning and removal treatment
5.3.1 After reaching the specified penetration time, any penetrant remaining on the surface of the inspection shall be removed. During the removal process, it is necessary to prevent insufficient removal from causing difficulty in identifying the defect display traces, and to prevent excessive removal from removing the penetrant that has penetrated into the defect. When using fluorescent penetrant, the operation can be carried out while observing the degree of removal under ultraviolet light. 5.3.2 Water-washable penetrants should be removed by water spraying. The water pressure should not exceed 0.345MPa and the water temperature should not exceed 40℃. 5.3.3 For post-emulsified penetrants, the emulsifier can be applied to the surface to be inspected by spraying, pouring or dipping. The appropriate emulsification time must be determined by test. After emulsification, it should be removed by the same cleaning method as water-washable penetrants. 5.3.4 For solvent-removable penetrants, cloth or paper can be used to wipe repeatedly in a certain direction until most of the penetrant has been removed. Then, use a cloth or paper with a small amount of solvent to gently wipe off the remaining penetrant. Flushing is prohibited. 5.4 Drying treatment
5.4.1 If the surface after cleaning is to be used for dry powder development or quick-drying wet development, it can be dried with clean materials or blown dry with hot air, but the surface temperature should not exceed 50℃. If non-quick-drying or wet development is to be used, drying treatment is not required. 5.4.2 The surface after removal treatment can be dried by normal evaporation, wiped with cloth or paper, or blown with compressed air or electric hair dryer. It is not allowed to use only heating drying method.
5.5 Development treatment
5.5.1 The developer should be applied immediately on the surface after cleaning and drying. The thickness of the developer should be appropriate and kept uniform. 5.5.2 For color penetrants, only quick-drying or non-quick-drying wet developers can be used. For fluorescent penetrants, both dry and wet development can be used, unless it is inconvenient to use developer.
5.5.3 When using dry powder development, the dry powder can be evenly sprayed on the entire surface to be inspected with a soft brush or a powder sprayer. 5.5.4 When using wet developer, the developer should be stirred before application to ensure that the suspended particles are fully dispersed. Quick-drying developers should be sprayed as much as possible without safety factors or space conditions. Non-quick-drying developers can be used by dipping, brushing, spraying and other methods.
5.5.5 In the range of 15-50℃, the developing time is generally 7 minutes. The developing time of special developers may not be subject to this restriction, but it must be stated in the test report.
5.6 Observation
5.6.1 The trace display of the surface to be tested should be carefully observed while applying the developer, but the final evaluation should be completed within 7-30 minutes after the penetration of the penetrant. If the penetration process of the penetrant does not significantly change the test results, the observation time is allowed to be extended. When the surface to be tested is too large to complete the entire test within the specified time, it should be tested in blocks. 5.6.2 The trace observation of the color penetrant test should be carried out under the condition that the white light intensity is greater than 3501x. The observation of traces in fluorescent penetrant inspection should be carried out in a dark place with a white light brightness not greater than 201x using a black light. Before observing the traces, the inspector should stay in the dark for at least 5 minutes to allow the eyes to adapt. If the inspector wears glasses or uses a magnifying glass during observation, these items should be non-photosensitive.
5.6.3 The intensity of the black light irradiated to the inspected surface should be not less than 50lx. The black light intensity should be measured at least once every 8 hours and whenever the work location changes. Before using the black light or measuring the black light intensity, the black light should be preheated for at least 5 minutes. 5.6.4 After the traces are observed on the inspected surface, it should be determined first which of these traces are caused by defects and which are caused by non-defect factors. If it is not possible to determine, the inspection can be repeated or verified by other methods. 5.7 Re-inspection
5.7.1 During or after the inspection, if the following conditions are found, the inspected surface must be thoroughly cleaned and re-inspected. a.
When it is difficult to determine whether the marks are caused by defects or non-defect factors: when there is a dispute between the supply and demand parties or when there are other needs; when mechanical methods are required to remove defects, during the process of removing defects and after the work of removing defects is completed; after weld repair,
When re-inspecting with water-washable penetrant, full attention should be paid to the situation where water pollution causes reduced inspection sensitivity. 5.8 Post-processing
After the inspection, in order to prevent the residual developer from corroding the inspected surface or affecting its use, the developer should be removed by brushing, jetting, water spraying or cloth, paper, etc. when necessary. 6 Classification of defect marks
6.1 According to the shape of defect marks, defect marks can be roughly divided into two types: circular and linear. 6.2 Any trace with a ratio of major axis to minor axis of 3 is called a circular trace, and any trace with a ratio of major axis to minor axis ≥ 3 is called a linear trace. 7 Quality Assessment
7.1 In principle, the quality assessment of weld penetration testing is divided into 4 grades according to the type, length, spacing and nature of defect traces (see table). Grade " has the highest quality and grade W has the lowest quality.7.2 Defects of different types or natures appearing on the same weld can be assessed at different grades or at the same grade.
7.3 Defects that are rated as unqualified are allowed to be repaired without violating the welding process regulations. The inspection and quality assessment after repair are the same as before repair.
Grading of defect traces
Quality grade
Maximum defect not considered
Display trace length
Defect display trace
Type and defect nature
Linear defect
Incomplete penetration
Not allowed
Not allowed
Not allowed
Allowed Single defect allowed to exist
Display trace length ≤0.150,
and ≤2.5mm, 100mm weld
Length range allowed
Defect display trace total length
Not allowed||Single defect allowed to exist
Display trace length ≤0.28,
≤3.5mm, 100mm weld
Length range allowed
Defect display trace total length ≤25mm
Quality grade
Maximum defect not considered
Display trace length
Defect display trace mn
Type and defect nature
Linear defect
Circular defect
JB/T 6062--92
$0. 3. and ≤ 4mm;
The spacing between two adjacent defect indication marks
should not be less than
6 times the length of the larger defect indication mark
. Within any 50mm weld length
, 2 defect indication marks with an indication length ≤0.158 and ≤
slag inclusions or pores
2mm are allowed;
The spacing between defect indication marks should not be less than
6 times the length of the larger indication mark
, and ≤10mm;
The spacing between two adjacent defect indication marks should not be less than
6 times the length of the larger defect indication mark
. Within any 50m weld length
, 2 defect indication marks with an indication length ≤0.158 and ≤
slag inclusions or pores
2mm are allowed; mWithin the range of weld length, two defect indication marks with a display length ≤0.35 and ≤3mm are allowed; the spacing between defect indication marks should not be less than ≤0.58. and ≤20mm; the distance between two adjacent defect indication marks should not be less than 6 times the length of the larger defect indication mark. Within any 50mm weld length, two defect indication marks with a display length ≤0.40. and ≤4mm are allowed; the spacing between defect indication marks should not be less than 6 times the larger display length and 6 times the smaller display length. Note: It is the thickness of the weld base material. When the thickness of the base material on both sides of the weld is not equal, the smaller thickness value shall be taken as the value. 3.8 Record and inspection report of inspection results
8.1 After the inspection is completed, the inspection records should be carefully made and the inspection report should be issued based on the inspection records. Defect traces can be recorded by photography, schematic diagram, drawing, pasting, etc. according to actual needs and the possibility of on-site conditions. 8.2
The inspection report should at least include the following contents: 8.3
Commissioning unit, report number:
Name and number of welded part, size and number of weld; material and surface condition of weld and base material, flaw detection method, name (or brand) of flaw detection fluid, and preparation of the inspected surface; application method and penetration time of penetrant, application method and emulsification time of emulsifier, cleaning method or removal method, drying method and its temperature and time;
Type, size, quantity, location and spacing of defect traces; nature of defect:
Quality assessment results;
Signatures of inspectors and auditors;
Inspection date and audit date.
A1 Subject content and scope of application
JB/T6062—92
Appendix A
Method for measuring the total content of fluoride in materials permeable to flammable liquids
(reference)
This method specifies the determination of fluoride content in materials permeable to flammable liquids. This method is applicable to materials with a fluorine content of 1 to 20,000 ppm, silicon, calcium, lead, magnesium and other metals that can form precipitates with fluoride ions, and the total content of fluoride is measured when the concentration is less than the corresponding fluoride solubility, or there is no insoluble residue after combustion. A2 Method overview
The sample is oxidized by combustion in a pressurized and oxygenated sealed bomb, and the released fluoride is absorbed by a sodium citrate solution. The fluoride selective ion electrode subpotential method is used for determination. A3 Measuring equipment and instruments
A3.1 Sealing bomb
The sealing bomb should have a correct design structure and good mechanical condition to meet the following requirements: a.
It has good sealing performance;
It can transfer oxygen into the bomb body under sealed conditions; c.
It has a device that can indicate the oxygen pressure in the bomb body (such as a pressure gauge); It can easily achieve quantitative recovery of liquid.
A3.1.2 The inner surface of the sealing bomb can be made of stainless steel or other materials that are not affected by the combustion process and its products. A3.1.3 Other components on the sealing bomb, such as the top cover gasket and the wire insulation layer, should have heat and corrosion resistance and should not react chemically with the fluoride contained in the sample in the bomb body. A3.1.4 From a safety point of view, the sealing bomb is best placed in a shielding cover with a steel plate thickness of 12.7mm. A3.2 The sample cup is made of nickel or platinum. When nickel is used, its bottom outer diameter is 20mm, the top outer diameter is 28mm, and the height is 16mm. When platinum is used, its bottom outer diameter is 24mm, the top outer diameter is 27mm, the height is 12mm, and the weight is 10~~11g. A3.3 Ignition coil is made of platinum wire with a diameter of 0.47mm (equivalent to SwG26) and a length of about 100mm, and a coil is wound in the middle of the coil within a length of about 20mm.
A3.4 Ignition circuit A3.4.1 It is used to supply sufficient current to ignite the fuse without melting the ignition wire. A3.4.2 The power switch used to control the ignition circuit should be a normally-off type, that is, the switch can only be closed when the operator presses the switch hard. bZxz.net
A3.5 Fuse
White nylon or cotton thread.
A3.6 Other instruments
Eppendorf pipette with a capacity of 100μL.b.
Funnel, 100mL measuring cylinder, 150mL beaker made of polypropylene material; magnetic stirrer and magnetic stirring bar with polytetrafluoroethylene coating; d.
JB/T 6062--92
Fluoride ion selective electrode and suitable standard push electrode: millivoltmeter capable of measuring 0.1mV:
A water tank with a volume larger than the sealing bomb.
A4 Reagents for measurement
Reagent purity
Analytical grade.
The water used for reagents must be distilled water.
Sodium fluoride solution
It is made by dissolving pre-dried sodium fluoride in water. A4.3. 1
The drying method of sodium fluoride is: heat at 130-150℃ for 1h, then store in a dryer and cool for use. The preparation method of sodium fluoride solution is: take 4.4200±0.0005g of dried sodium fluoride and dissolve it in distilled water, and then dilute to A4.3.4 No glassware shall be used in the process of preparing fluorine solution, and the prepared fluorine solution shall not come into contact with any glassware.
A4.4 Oxygen
It shall not contain flammable substances and halogen compounds, and the pressure shall be 4.05MPaA4.5 Sodium citrate solution
Dissolve 27g of sodium citrate dihydrate in distilled water and dilute to 1L. A4.6 Sodium hydroxide solution
Dissolve 200g of granular sodium hydroxide in water, and then dilute to 1, and pour into a polypropylene container for storage. A4.7 Flushing Solution
Add 32 mL of glacial acetic acid, 6.6 g of sodium citrate dihydrate, and 32.15 g of sodium chloride to 300 mL of distilled water, stir until dissolved, and adjust the pH to 5 with sodium hydroxide solution.3, cool and dilute to 1L. A4.8 Refined white oil.
A5 Separation method and process of sample
A5.1 Installation of ignition coil
Connect the two ends of the ignition wire diagram to the terminals connecting the ignition circuit, and make the ignition coil located at the upper part of the side where the sample cup is placed.
A5.2 Treatment of the inner wall of the sealing bomb
Put 10mL of sodium citrate solution in the bomb body, close the bomb cover and shake it vigorously for 15s to distribute the solution on the inner wall of the bomb body. A5.3 Placement of sample, sample cup and ignition wire A5.3.1 Place the sample in the sample cup. The amount should not exceed 1g. If the sample is solid, add an appropriate amount of white oil to ensure that the sample can be ignited. If the chlorine content of the sample exceeds 2%, the weight of the sample and the weight of the white oil should comply with the provisions of Table A1. Table A1
Chlorine content +%
>5～10
>10～20
>20～50
White oil weight
A5.3.2 Place the sample cup in the middle of the igniter terminal support, and then insert a fuse between the ignition coil and the sample. 169
A5.4 Sealing of the sealing bomb
JB/T 6062-—92
After the sample cup is placed in the bomb body, the bomb cover should be closed immediately to make the sealing bomb in a sealed state. During this operation, it must be ensured that the bomb has not been dropped, tilted, etc., and has not been vibrated. A5.5 Oxygen input
After the sealing bomb is closed, oxygen can be slowly input into the bomb body until the pressure reaches the requirements of Table A2. Table A2
Bomb capacity, mL
300～350
>350~400
>400～450
>450～500
A5.6 Combustion of the sample and operation of the combustion processA5.6.1 Immerse the sealing bomb in a cold water tank and connect the ignition circuit. A5.6.2 Close the ignition circuit and ignite the sample. A5.6.3 After more than 10 minutes, remove the sealing bomb from the water tank. A5.6.4 Release the gas pressure slowly and evenly, and the process must be more than 1 minute. Gauge
pressure, MPa
39～41
36～38
28～30
A5.6.5Open the bomb cover and check the combustion results. If there are unburned oil stains or deposits such as soot, the bomb body should be thoroughly cleaned and restarted from A5.1.
A5.7Collection of fluoride
A5.7.1Use clean pliers to remove the sample cup from the bomb body. Pour the flushing liquid into the flushing bottle, flush the residue in the sample cup in the form of a fine jet, and inject the flushing solution obtained from this into a 100mL measuring cylinder.
A5.7.3Use the flushing bottle to rinse the adhesive on the inner wall of the bomb body, as well as the bomb cover, terminal and other parts, and also inject the flushing solution obtained from this into the measuring cylinder.
A5.7.4 Apply flushing solution to the full scale. A6 Measurement
A6.1 Determine the electrode slope (the number of millivolts when the concentration changes by 10 times) as specified in the technical instructions. A6.2 Perform a sample-free operation to obtain a blank solution. A6.3 Immerse the fluoride and standard electrodes in the solution to obtain a balanced reading of 0.1mV (the required equilibrium time depends on the state of the electrode and is approximately between 5 and 20 minutes).
A6.4 Add 100uL of sodium fluoride solution and obtain another reading after the same time as in A6.3. A7 Calculation
Calculate the fluorine content in the sample according to the following formula:
[_2×10-4
2×10-4
104E,/5
[104E, 5-1
Fluorine (ppm) =
The millivolt change after adding 100μL of sodium fluoride solution to the sample solution, where AE,—-
△E—The millivolt change after adding 100μL of sodium fluoride solution to the blank solution; -Electrode slope determined according to A6.1:
W-Sample weight, g.
A8 Precision and Accuracy
A8.1 Repeatability
JB/T6062--92
The repeatability of the test shall be considered good if the error of the results obtained by the same analyst is not greater than 1.1ppm (0.00011%) or 8.0% of the detection value (whichever is higher). A8.2 Reproducibility
The reproducibility of the test shall be considered good if the error of two determinations obtained by different laboratories is not greater than 6.7ppm or 129.0% of the detection value (whichever is higher).
A8.3 Accuracy
Although a reproducibility of 83% to 85% can be expected with an appropriate method, the average reproducibility of this method is 62% to 64% of the actual amount.
Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for the Promotion of Nondestructive Testing Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Shanghai Institute of Materials, Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by Harbin Welding Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. The main drafter of this standard is Jiang Shouhao.4 Add 100uL of sodium fluoride solution and obtain another reading after the same time as in A6.3. A7 Calculation
Calculate the fluorine content in the sample according to the following formula:
[_2×10-4
2×10-4
104E,/5
[104E, 5-1
Fluorine (ppm) =
The millivolt change after adding 100μL of sodium fluoride solution to the sample solution, where AE, —-
△E—The millivolt change after adding 100μL of sodium fluoride solution to the blank solution; - The electrode slope determined according to A6.1:
W-The weight of the sample in g.
A8 Precision and Accuracy
A8.1 Repeatability
JB/T6062--92
The repeatability of the test shall be considered good if the error of the results obtained by the same analyst is not greater than 1.1ppm (0.00011%) or 8.0% of the detection value (whichever is higher). A8.2 Reproducibility
The reproducibility of the test shall be considered good if the error of two determinations obtained by different laboratories is not greater than 6.7ppm or 129.0% of the detection value (whichever is higher).
A8.3 Accuracy
Although a reproducibility of 83% to 85% can be expected with an appropriate method, the average reproducibility of this method is 62% to 64% of the actual amount.
Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for the Promotion of Nondestructive Testing Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Shanghai Institute of Materials, Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by Harbin Welding Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. The main drafter of this standard was Jiang Shouhao.4 Add 100uL of sodium fluoride solution and obtain another reading after the same time as in A6.3. A7 Calculation
Calculate the fluorine content in the sample according to the following formula:
[_2×10-4
2×10-4
104E,/5
[104E, 5-1
Fluorine (ppm) =
The millivolt change after adding 100μL of sodium fluoride solution to the sample solution, where AE, —-
△E—The millivolt change after adding 100μL of sodium fluoride solution to the blank solution; - The electrode slope determined according to A6.1:
W-The weight of the sample in g.
A8 Precision and Accuracy
A8.1 Repeatability
JB/T6062--92
The repeatability of the test shall be considered good if the error of the results obtained by the same analyst is not greater than 1.1ppm (0.00011%) or 8.0% of the detection value (whichever is higher). A8.2 Reproducibility
The reproducibility of the test shall be considered good if the error of two determinations obtained by different laboratories is not greater than 6.7ppm or 129.0% of the detection value (whichever is higher).
A8.3 Accuracy
Although a reproducibility of 83% to 85% can be expected with an appropriate method, the average reproducibility of this method is 62% to 64% of the actual amount.
Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for the Promotion of Nondestructive Testing Standards and is under the jurisdiction of the Shanghai Institute of Materials, Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by Harbin Welding Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. The main drafter of this standard was Jiang Shouhao.
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