GB/T 39112-2020.General principles for safety risk control of consumer product life cycle.
1 Scope
GB/T 39112 specifies the general principles for controlling the safety risks affecting consumer products at various stages of the life cycle.
GB/T 39112 applies to all stages of the life cycle of consumer products, including design, production, packaging, storage, transportation, use and recycling.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For all undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 5296.1 Instructions for use of consumer products Part 1: General principles
GB/T 22760 General principles for risk assessment of consumer product safety
GB/T 28803-2012 Guidelines for risk management of consumer product
safety GB/T 29289-2012 General principles for design safety of consumer products
GB/T 35248-2017 Supplier guide for consumer product safety
GB/T 36431-2018 Classification and coding of consumer products
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 28803-2012 and GB/T 36431-2018 and the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
Consumer productconsumer product
Products designed and produced for, but not limited to, personal use, including product components, parts, accessories, packaging and instructions for use.
[GB/T 35248- 2017. Definition 2.2]
3.2
Consumer product life cycleconsumer product life cycle
The entire process of consumer products from design and production to final disposal.
Note: It may include six stages: design, production, packaging, storage, transportation, use and recycling.
4 General
4.1 Consumer product life cycle safety risk control should consider the design, production, packaging, storage, transportation, use, recycling and other stages, and should include safety risk factors that may cause harm during normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of consumer products, see Table B.1 in GB/T 28803-2012.
The consumer product life cycle safety risk control process is shown in Figure 1. For examples of product life cycle safety risk control, see Appendix A.
This standard specifies general principles for controlling safety risks affecting consumer products at various stages of the life cycle. This standard applies to all stages of the life cycle of consumer products, including design, production, packaging, storage, transportation, use and recycling.

ICS13.120
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T39112—2020
General principles for safety risk control of consumer product life cycle2020-10-21Issued
State Administration for Market Regulation
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Issued
2020-10-21Implemented
GB/T39112—2020
Foreword
Introduction
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
General principles
Design stage Section
Production stage
Packaging stage
Storage and transportation stage
Use stage
Recycling stage·
Appendix A (Informative Appendix)
Example of safety risk control in the life cycle of wooden cabinet products Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This standard was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Consumer Product Safety (SAC/TC508). GB/T39112—2020
Drafting units of this standard: China Machinery Productivity Promotion Center, China National Institute of Standardization, Anhui Longan Cable Group Co., Ltd., Jomoo Kitchen and Bathroom Co., Ltd., Youbiao (Xiamen) Technical Service Co., Ltd., Mona Lisa Group Co., Ltd., Chuzhou University, Shenzhen Institute of Standards and Technology, Ningbo Yiren Toys Co., Ltd., Guangdong New Element Board Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard are: Fu Huiqing, Liu Xia, Pei Fei, Liu Zhiyong, Huang Qiuqiong, Chen Qianwen, Chen Liangquan, Fu Xiang, Wang Fei, Lin Xiaowei, Zhang Qikang, Jia Jian, Ji Weibing, Xiao Libiao, Wen Wanliang, Yang, Qiao Feng, Zhang Jingshu, Zhao Yan, Zheng Rijing, Wang Lizhi, Li Ying, Wu Guorui. I
GB/T39112—2020
Introduction
Consumer product safety is directly related to the personal health, life and property safety of consumers. It is necessary to improve people's livelihood to promote the quality and safety level of consumer products with standards. There are many factors that affect the safety risks of consumer products in each link of the life cycle of consumer products, such as design, production, packaging, storage, transportation, use and recycling. The accidents caused by consumer products that seem to be accidental are basically caused by the potential risks of consumer products and factors affecting safety under specific triggering conditions. Therefore, in the process of the life cycle of consumer products, comprehensively controlling the risks that affect the safety of consumer products and controlling them at an acceptable level will help improve the safety level of consumer products. Based on the concepts of prevention and process management, comprehensive control is implemented on risk factors that affect consumer product safety throughout the life cycle of consumer products, and continuous improvement and perfection are made to achieve the purpose of controlling risks at an acceptable level and ensuring the safety of consumer products. This standard is specially formulated. 1 Scope
General principles for consumer product life cycle safety risk control This standard specifies the general principles for controlling risks that affect consumer product safety at various stages of the life cycle. This standard applies to various stages of the life cycle of consumer products, such as design, production, packaging, storage, transportation, use and recycling. 2 Normative references
GB/T39112—2020
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For all undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. Instructions for use of consumer products Part 1: General
GB/T5296.1
GB/T22760General principles for risk assessment of consumer product safetyGuidelines for risk management of consumer product safety
GB/T28803—2012
GB/T29289—2012
GB/T35248—2017
General principles for design safety of consumer products
Guide for supplier safety of consumer products
GB/T3 6431—2018
Consumer product classification and code
3 Terms and definitions
GB/T28803—2012 and GB/T36431—2018 define and the following terms and definitions apply to this document 3.1
consumer product
Consumer product
Products designed and produced for, but not limited to, personal use, including product components, parts, accessories, packaging and instructions for use. [GB/T35248—2017, definition 2.2]
Consumer product life cycle
consumer product lifecycle
The entire process of consumer products from design and production to final disposal. Note: It may include six stages: design, production, packaging, storage and transportation, use and recycling. 4 General Principles
4.1 The life cycle safety risk control of consumer products should take into account the design, production, packaging, storage, transportation, use, recycling and other stages, and should include the safety risk factors that may cause harm during normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of consumer products, see Table B.1 in GB/T28803-2012. The consumer product life cycle safety risk control process is shown in Figure 1. See Appendix A for examples of product life cycle safety risk control. 1
GB/T39112—2020
Design stage
Production stage
Packaging stage
Storage and transportation stage
Use stage
Recycling stage
General requirements (see 5.1)
Safety design method (see 5.2)
Safety design measures (see 5.3)
Purchasing (see 6.2)
Processing (see 6.3)
Inspection (see 6.4)
Packaging materials (see 7.2)
Packaging method (see 7.3)
Packaging label (see 7.4)
Storage and transportation Conditions (see 8.2)
Transportation method (see 8.3)
Loading and unloading method (see 8.4)
Information for use (see 9.2)
Instructions for use (see 9.3)
Maintenance (see 9.4)
Convenience of recycling (see 10.2)
Reusability (see 10.3)
Recycling label (see 10.4)
Flow chart of safety risk control in the life cycle of consumer products Figure 1
2 Safety risk assessment in the life cycle of consumer products should be carried out during the design stage, and intrinsic safety design should be carried out and residual risk control measures should be formulated according to the results of the assessment. Risk management and risk control should be carried out in a targeted manner during the production, packaging, storage, transportation, use, and recycling stages to ensure that the safety risks arising from the entire process of the life cycle of consumer products reach an acceptable level. 3 Safety risk control at each stage of the life cycle of consumer products can be a cyclical process, including: 4.3
Identify hazard sources;
b) Conduct risk estimation and risk assessment;
c)
Develop risk control measures to assess whether the residual risk has reached an acceptable level; Verify the effectiveness of risk reduction measures to confirm whether the residual risk has reached the expected acceptable level; d)
If the residual risk is unbearable, develop new risk reduction measures; e)
GB/T39112—2020
f)
If the implementation of risk reduction measures may generate new hazards, repeat a) to d) until the residual risk reaches an acceptable level. 5
Design stage
5.1 General requirements
In the design stage of consumer products, factors such as the end use, use environment, and user population of consumer products should be fully considered. On the basis of meeting its intended functions, the inherent safety design of consumer products in terms of form, components and connections, material selection, manufacturing methods and processes, storage, transportation, use, recycling, etc. is carried out to identify foreseeable misuse and risks. According to the risk assessment procedure given in GB/T22760, the risk is reduced to an acceptable level by changing the product design, taking protective measures, and using and warning information and other risk reduction measures, and forming a design specification (see 5.2 in GB/T35248-2017).
The following aspects should be considered during design, but not limited to: a) Safety design methods (see 5.2);
b) Safety design measures (see 5.3).
Safety design method
During the design phase, the requirements of safety technology should be given priority, and the design should be carried out in accordance with the safety design method (see Figure 2). The safety design method includes three steps:
Direct safety design: By continuously improving and perfecting the design plan, the risks are fundamentally eliminated or reduced, the safety performance of the consumer product itself is improved, and the designed consumer product reaches intrinsic safety, or the risk is reduced to an acceptable level; b)
Indirect safety design: When factors such as the structure, function, and use conditions of the consumer product itself make it impossible to completely eliminate or reduce the foreseeable risks to an acceptable level through direct safety design, the risk should be further reduced through indirect safety design such as designing necessary protective measures;
Indicative safety design: When the risk cannot be controlled to an acceptable level by adopting indirect safety design, necessary usage help and warning information should be provided to the user through adopting prompt safety design. Safety design method
Step 1: Direct safety design
Step 2: Indirect safety design
Step 3: Suggestive safety design
2 Schematic diagram of steps in consumer product safety design method Figure 2
GB/T39112—2020
Safety design measures
5.3.1 Direct safety design measures
For risks exceeding the acceptable risk level, corresponding technical measures should be taken to eliminate or reduce the risk to an acceptable level. Direct safety design measures should comply with the provisions of 8.2 of GB/T29289—2012. 5.3.2 Indirect safety design measures
When it may not be possible to completely eliminate the risk or completely reduce the residual risk through direct safety design, indirect safety design measures, including guards and/or protective devices, should be used for safety protection to protect personnel safety. Supplementary protection measures, including accessory equipment, may also have to be adopted.
Indirect safety design measures shall comply with the provisions of 8.3 of GB/T29289-2012. 5.3.3 Suggestive safety design measures
Suggestive safety design is an integral part of consumer product design and consists of text, words, marks, signals, symbols or icons, etc. It shall comply with the provisions of 8.4 of GB/T29289-2012. 6 Production stage
6.1 General requirements
The production stage of consumer products shall follow the safety design requirements, aiming to produce products with qualified safety performance, and take appropriate measures to control risks throughout the production process. The production stage shall identify and control safety risks from three aspects: procurement, processing and inspection. 6.2 Procurement
Safety risk control measures in the procurement stage shall include but are not limited to the following aspects: a) Before production begins, it shall be confirmed that raw materials, components, parts, spare parts and accessories meet the design specifications. b) Raw materials and parts shall be purchased from manufacturers with guaranteed quality. When the procurement source is changed, it shall be implemented only after approval. 6.3 Processing
Safety risk control measures in the processing stage should include but are not limited to the following aspects: a) The manufacturer should record the production process and steps, and record in detail all links related to consumer product safety to ensure that they are available for inquiry at any time; b) The manufacturer should establish a quality assurance system of processes, controls, measurements and inspections that are consistent with the goal of producing safe consumer products during the production process, and ensure that employees participate in training on existing processes, controls and measurements to ensure the consistency of the product processing process; c) The final consumer products produced in different batches or production lines should be consistent; d) The manual operation process in the production process should comply with the corresponding operating procedures; e) Changes in the production process should be approved before implementation; f) Reasonable addition of chemical substances during the production process. 6.4 Inspection
Safety risk control measures in the inspection stage should include but are not limited to the following aspects:a)
The trial-produced consumer products should be evaluated to determine whether they meet the design specification requirements and whether there are unqualified products. When the same problem is found, the corresponding elements should be reviewed to confirm whether changes are required before full production.b)
Product inspection should be carried out to determine whether it meets the relevant safety standards. If not, corrective measures should be taken.4
7 Packaging stage
7.1 General requirements
GB/T39112—2020
The packaging stage of consumer products should ensure that the function and safety performance of the product are not affected, while ensuring the packaging protection function and the performance for consumer health and safety and environmental protection. Safety risk control should consider but not be limited to the following aspects:a)
Packaging materials;
b) Food
Packaging method;
Packaging label, etc.
c)
2 Packaging materials
Safety risk control measures for packaging materials should include but not be limited to the following aspects: it should be safe and environmentally friendly, should not produce harmful substances that endanger the health of consumers, and should be easy to recycle and reuse; a)
b) It should not cause contamination of consumer products due to packaging, including safety problems caused by the combination of packaging materials and consumer products: c)
Packaging materials should ensure that they will not cause harm to consumers under unconventional conditions such as high temperature and humidity. 7.3 Packaging methods
Safety risk control measures for packaging methods should include but not be limited to the following aspects: a)
The size, size and shape of the packaging should be safe and reliable, which can not only ensure the quality of consumer products, but also ensure the safety of consumers; the method of opening the packaging should be convenient and safe, and special consideration should be given to the special safety requirements of vulnerable consumer groups such as children, the elderly and the disabled.
7.4 Packaging Labeling
Safety risk control measures for packaging labeling should include but are not limited to the following aspects: Safety precautions for handling, storage, opening, use and maintenance of consumer products should be marked on the outer packaging; a)
b) There should be eye-catching safety warnings for potential hazards and reasonable foreseeable uses. If necessary, relevant information such as instructions for use should be added
8 Storage and Transportation Stage
8.1 General RequirementsbzxZ.net
Appropriate storage and transportation tools and handling methods should be selected according to the specifications, quality, packaging form and loading and unloading methods of consumer products. Safety risk control during the storage and transportation stage should consider but not be limited to the following aspects: a) Storage and transportation conditions;
b) Transportation methods;
c) Loading and unloading methods.
8.2 Storage and Transportation Conditions
Safety risk control measures for storage and transportation conditions should include but are not limited to the following aspects: The storage and transportation tools of consumer goods should be kept clean and safe to ensure that consumer goods are not contaminated by harmful substances during storage and transportation; a)
The storage and transportation conditions of consumer goods should take into account appropriate temperature, humidity, light, radiation and other environmental factors. b)1 General requirements
The production stage of consumer products should follow the safety design requirements, aim to produce products with qualified safety performance, and take appropriate measures to control risks throughout the production process. The production stage should identify and control safety risks from three aspects: procurement, processing and inspection. 6.2 Procurement
Safety risk control measures in the procurement stage should include but are not limited to the following aspects: a) Before production begins, it should be confirmed that raw materials, components, parts, spare parts and accessories meet the design specifications. b) Raw materials and parts should be purchased from manufacturers with guaranteed quality. When the procurement source is changed, it should be approved before implementation. 6.3 Processing
Safety risk control measures in the processing stage should include but are not limited to the following aspects: a) The manufacturer should record the production process and steps, and record in detail all links related to consumer product safety to ensure that they are available for inquiry at any time; b) The manufacturer should establish a quality assurance system of processes, controls, measurements and inspections that are consistent with the goal of producing safe consumer products during the production process, and ensure that employees participate in training on existing processes, controls and measurements to ensure the consistency of the product processing process; c) The final consumer products produced in different batches or production lines should be consistent; d) The manual operation process in the production process should comply with the corresponding operating procedures; e) Changes in the production process should be approved before implementation; f) Reasonable addition of chemical substances during the production process. 6.4 Inspection
Safety risk control measures in the inspection stage should include but are not limited to the following aspects:a)
The trial-produced consumer products should be evaluated to determine whether they meet the design specification requirements and whether there are unqualified products. When the same problem is found, the corresponding elements should be reviewed to confirm whether changes are required before full production.b)
Product inspection should be carried out to determine whether it meets the relevant safety standards. If not, corrective measures should be taken.4
7 Packaging stage
7.1 General requirements
GB/T39112—2020
The packaging stage of consumer products should ensure that the function and safety performance of the product are not affected, while ensuring the packaging protection function and the performance for consumer health and safety and environmental protection. Safety risk control should consider but not be limited to the following aspects:a)
Packaging materials;
b) Food
Packaging method;
Packaging label, etc.
c)
2 Packaging materials
Safety risk control measures for packaging materials should include but not be limited to the following aspects: it should be safe and environmentally friendly, should not produce harmful substances that endanger the health of consumers, and should be easy to recycle and reuse; a)
b) It should not cause contamination of consumer goods due to packaging, including safety problems caused by the combination of packaging materials and consumer goods: c)
Packaging materials should ensure that they will not cause harm to consumers under unconventional conditions such as high temperature and humidity. 7.3 Packaging methods
Safety risk control measures for packaging methods should include but not be limited to the following aspects: a)
The size, size and shape of the packaging should be safe and reliable, which can not only ensure the quality of consumer goods, but also ensure the safety of consumers; the method of opening the packaging should be convenient and safe, and special consideration should be given to the special safety requirements of vulnerable consumer groups such as children, the elderly and the disabled.
7.4 Packaging Labeling
Safety risk control measures for packaging labeling should include but are not limited to the following aspects: Safety precautions for handling, storage, opening, use and maintenance of consumer products should be marked on the outer packaging; a)
b) There should be eye-catching safety warnings for potential hazards and reasonable foreseeable uses. If necessary, relevant information such as instructions for use should be added
8 Storage and Transportation Stage
8.1 General Requirements
Appropriate storage and transportation tools and handling methods should be selected according to the specifications, quality, packaging form and loading and unloading methods of consumer products. Safety risk control during the storage and transportation stage should consider but not be limited to the following aspects: a) Storage and transportation conditions;
b) Transportation methods;
c) Loading and unloading methods.
8.2 Storage and Transportation Conditions
Safety risk control measures for storage and transportation conditions should include but are not limited to the following aspects: The storage and transportation tools of consumer goods should be kept clean and safe to ensure that consumer goods are not contaminated by harmful substances during storage and transportation; a)
The storage and transportation conditions of consumer goods should take into account appropriate temperature, humidity, light, radiation and other environmental factors. b)1 General requirements
The production stage of consumer products should follow the safety design requirements, aim to produce products with qualified safety performance, and take appropriate measures to control risks throughout the production process. The production stage should identify and control safety risks from three aspects: procurement, processing and inspection. 6.2 Procurement
Safety risk control measures in the procurement stage should include but are not limited to the following aspects: a) Before production begins, it should be confirmed that raw materials, components, parts, spare parts and accessories meet the design specifications. b) Raw materials and parts should be purchased from manufacturers with guaranteed quality. When the procurement source is changed, it should be approved before implementation. 6.3 Processing
Safety risk control measures in the processing stage should include but are not limited to the following aspects: a) The manufacturer should record the production process and steps, and record in detail all links related to consumer product safety to ensure that they are available for inquiry at any time; b) The manufacturer should establish a quality assurance system of processes, controls, measurements and inspections that are consistent with the goal of producing safe consumer products during the production process, and ensure that employees participate in training on existing processes, controls and measurements to ensure the consistency of the product processing process; c) The final consumer products produced in different batches or production lines should be consistent; d) The manual operation process in the production process should comply with the corresponding operating procedures; e) Changes in the production process should be approved before implementation; f) Reasonable addition of chemical substances during the production process. 6.4 Inspection
Safety risk control measures in the inspection stage should include but are not limited to the following aspects:a)
The trial-produced consumer products should be evaluated to determine whether they meet the design specification requirements and whether there are unqualified products. When the same problem is found, the corresponding elements should be reviewed to confirm whether changes are required before full production.b)
Product inspection should be carried out to determine whether it meets the relevant safety standards. If not, corrective measures should be taken.4
7 Packaging stage
7.1 General requirements
GB/T39112—2020
The packaging stage of consumer products should ensure that the function and safety performance of the product are not affected, while ensuring the packaging protection function and the performance for consumer health and safety and environmental protection. Safety risk control should consider but not be limited to the following aspects:a)
Packaging materials;
b) Food
Packaging method;
Packaging label, etc.
c)
2 Packaging materials
Safety risk control measures for packaging materials should include but not be limited to the following aspects: it should be safe and environmentally friendly, should not produce harmful substances that endanger the health of consumers, and should be easy to recycle and reuse; a)
b) It should not cause contamination of consumer products due to packaging, including safety problems caused by the combination of packaging materials and consumer products: c)
Packaging materials should ensure that they will not cause harm to consumers under unconventional conditions such as high temperature and humidity. 7.3 Packaging methods
Safety risk control measures for packaging methods should include but not be limited to the following aspects: a)
The size, size and shape of the packaging should be safe and reliable, which can not only ensure the quality of consumer products, but also ensure the safety of consumers; the method of opening the packaging should be convenient and safe, and special consideration should be given to the special safety requirements of vulnerable consumer groups such as children, the elderly and the disabled.
7.4 Packaging Labeling
Safety risk control measures for packaging labeling should include but are not limited to the following aspects: Safety precautions for handling, storage, opening, use and maintenance of consumer products should be marked on the outer packaging; a)
b) There should be eye-catching safety warnings for potential hazards and reasonable foreseeable uses. If necessary, instructions for use and other relevant information should be added
8 Storage and Transportation Stage
8.1 General Requirements
Appropriate storage and transportation tools and handling methods should be selected according to the specifications, quality, packaging form and loading and unloading methods of consumer products. Safety risk control during the storage and transportation stage should consider but not be limited to the following aspects: a) Storage and transportation conditions;
b) Transportation methods;
c) Loading and unloading methods.
8.2 Storage and Transportation Conditions
Safety risk control measures for storage and transportation conditions should include but are not limited to the following aspects: The storage and transportation tools of consumer goods should be kept clean and safe to ensure that consumer goods are not contaminated by harmful substances during storage and transportation; a)
The storage and transportation conditions of consumer goods should take into account appropriate temperature, humidity, light, radiation and other environmental factors. b)
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