Drafting for special aspects in standards - Part 2: The needs of older persons and persons with disabilities
Some standard content:
ICS 01. 120
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 20002.2—2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:2001Drafting for special aspects in standards--Part 2: The needs of older persons and persons with disabilities(ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001, Guidelines for standards dcvclopcrs toaddress the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities tt||2008-07-16 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
2008-12-01 Implementation
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Use of standards
Development of standards
Matters to be considered in the process of standard development Ensure that the standard includes provisions for barrier-free design Factors to be considered Table 7.1
Contents of table bridge
Use of tables
Factors to be considered
Optional methods
Location of information and control devices Advantages and positioning of handles - Lighting and glare
Color and contrast
Character size and symbols for information, warning and control labels Clear written or spoken language
Graphic symbols and legends
Voice and tone of non-verbal communication
Slow information presentation
Distinctive shape of product, control or packaging Easy to operate
Expiration date marking
Contents labeling and instruction
(Surface) temperature
Accessibility
Procedure for individual display
Surface finish
Non-sensitizing or non-toxic materials
Fail-safe bzxz.net
Fire safety materials
Detailed explanation of human ability, consequences of injury, basic considerations
GB/T 20002.2-2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:2001
GB/R 20002.2—2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:20019.2
Body reaction ability
9.4 Cognitive ability
9.5 Allergy
References
GB/T 20002.2—2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:2001Foreword
GB/T20002"Drafting of special contents in standard promotion" together with GB/T1"Guidelines for standardization work\.GB/T20000&Guidelines for standardization work" and GB/T20001"Rules for standard writing" constitute the basic series of national standards to support the standard compilation work. GB/T20002 "Drafting of specific content in the standard" is divided into the following two parts: Part 1: Children's safety; Part 2: Needs of the elderly and disabled. This part is Part 2 of GB/T20002. This part is equivalent to ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001 "Guidelines for the development of standards taking into account the screening needs of the elderly and disabled". This part is proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee for the Promotion of Standardization Principles and Methods (SAC/TC286). The main drafting units of this part: China National Institute of Standardization, China Disabled Persons' Federation, National Working Committee on Aging, China Consumers Association, National Rehabilitation Assistive Devices Research Center, and the main drafters of this part: Feng Wei, Ma Fengling, Lu Xilin, Yang Yang, Li Weihong, Cheng Yong, Chen Jian, Liu Taijie. CEplc
GB/T20002.2—2008/IS0/1EC Guide 71:2001 Introduction
An important goal of social development is that all members have the right to use products, services, workplaces and environments without barriers. With the gradual increase in the proportion of the elderly population in the world's population, the accessibility and usability of products and services are becoming more and more prominent. Although not all elderly people have disabilities, the proportion of people with disabilities or physical defects is the highest among the elderly population. According to the 2005 National 1% Population Sample Survey Data Bulletin, my country currently has a population of 60 years old and above, accounting for 11.03% of the total population. According to the data from the first national disabled sample survey, my country currently has a total of 82.96 million people with disabilities, accounting for 6.31% of the total population. It is of great significance to fully consider the special needs of the elderly and the disabled in the formulation of relevant standards to protect the rights and interests of the elderly and the disabled, promote their equal participation in social life, and share the social material and cultural achievements. People's needs and abilities change as they age, and each person's abilities are different at any given age. It is important to recognize that older people have different abilities and cognitive impairments than adults, such as mild hearing loss, reading with glasses, blindness, deafness, or the inability to move a part of the body or the whole body. It should be noted that although some limitations are not serious from a congenital and comprehensive perspective, they may become serious problems as people age. For many years, the needs of these groups have been taken into account by various standardization organizations and ISO in the development of standards for assistive technology and architectural design for handicaps. However, the needs of older people and people with disabilities have not been fully considered when developing or revising other relevant standards for common products and services. Standardization organizations are addressing the issues of ageing and disability and are continuously developing and implementing policies and programs that also apply to their products and services to meet the needs of older people and people with disabilities. It is important that the interests of older people and people with disabilities are represented in the development of these solutions, and that standards catalyze organizations to support the demand for more accessible products and services. This part is part of the framework adopted by various standardization organizations. ISO/IEC Policy Statement 1, published by ISO and IEC in 2000, provides rules to ensure that the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities are reflected in the standard-setting process and to provide a justification for standards based on humanitarian and economic grounds. This part of ISO/IEC complements the ISO/IEC Policy Statement by identifying issues that need to be considered when drafting standards and by recognizing that standards should not normally be constrained by design limitations. This part of ISO/IEC covers the initiation and revision of standards and also contains useful information for stakeholders such as manufacturers, designers, service providers and trainers: This part of ISO/IEC provides general guidelines only and only addresses situations where accessibility for persons with disabilities can be ensured without requiring a complete solution. Further guidance may be required for specific products or services for older persons and persons with disabilities. 1) Developments in the field of accessibility have led to the development and use of a variety of terms and definitions related to older persons and persons with disabilities that vary around the world. For example, some people like to use "people with disabilities", while others prefer "disabled people". Generally speaking, the terms are becoming more precise and descriptive, rather than negative or regretful. Since there is no common terminology, the terminology used in this guide is the language commonly used by international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization.
1 Scope
GB/T 20002.2--2008/ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001 Drafting of specific content in standards
Part 2: Needs of the elderly and disabled 1.1 This part of GB/T 20002 provides guidance to developers of various related standards on how to consider the needs of the elderly and disabled. However, the needs of some people with severe or complex disabilities are not within the scope of this part. This part is aimed at people with mild physical disabilities, whose needs can be easily met by making minor changes to the methods in the standard, thereby expanding the market for products or services. The purpose of this part is:
a) to inform, further understand and recognize the impact of human capabilities on the usability of products, services and environments; b) to outline the relationship between the requirements in the standard and the accessibility and usability of products or services; c) to increase recognition of the benefits of using light-impairment design principles from a wider market. 1.2 This part applies to products, services and environments commonly encountered in daily life, for use in the consumer market and in the workplace. For the purposes of this part, the term "products and services" generally reflects all of the above. 1.3 The content of this part includes:
a) a description of the process of considering the needs of older people and people with disabilities during the development of standards; 1) a table that allows standard developers to relate relevant clauses of the standard to the factors that should be considered to ensure that the needs of people with different abilities are met:
describes the actual meaning of human function or human ability and disability; d) a series of guidance materials that can be used by standard developers for more detailed and specific research. 1.4 This part provides only general guidance. For specific factors of a product or service, specific guidance should be developed. 1.5 Although everyone recognizes the importance of barrier-free accessibility for products and services, the work on service standards carried out worldwide is still in its early stages. At present, the content of this part provides more guidance for products than services. 2 Normative references
The following documents, through reference in this part of GB/T 20002, have become the terms of this part. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding comments) or revisions do not apply to this part. However, parties to agreements based on this part are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For dated references, the latest versions apply to this part.
(GB 5296.1 Instructions for use of consumer products Part 1: General GH/T 20000.1 Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Safety aspects of standards (GB/T 20000.4: 2003, ISO/IEC Guide 51: 1999, Safety Asperts—Guidelines for their inclusion in standards, MOD) GB/T 20002.1 Compilation of specific aspects of standards Part 1: Child safety (GB/T 20002.1: 2008, ISO/IEC Guide 50:2002, IDT)
1S0/IEC 2000 Policy Statement Considering the needs of older people and people with disabilities in standardization work ICIDH2 Beta-2 International Classification of Functioning and Disability, World Health Organization 3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T 20002. Note: This part classifies certain terms used in the fields of ergonomics, accessibility and standardization, but does not describe human function and impairment. The above points are found in Chapter 9 (or see reference 1 in the introduction). 1
GB/T 20002.2—2008/1S0/IEC Guide 71;20013.1
cTgonmies
Ergonomics
Human factors factors
The branch of science and technology that includes human behavior and biological characteristics that have been theoretically analyzed and can be used to optimize the specification, design, evaluation, operation and maintenance of systems to improve safety and efficiency and meet the use requirements of individuals, groups and organizations. 3.2
Accessible design
accessiblcdesign
This type of design focuses on extending standard designs to special groups with certain functional impairments, and maximizes the number of potential customers who can easily use products, buildings or services through the following methods. Design to make the most of Products, services and environments can be easily used by most users without any modification: products or services are adapted to different users (user adaptation interface): standard interfaces are provided to make them compatible with products for people with disabilities. Note: Design for all, barrier-free design, compatible design and design for all ages are similar in usage but have different meanings.
Note 2: Barrier-free design is a branch of universal design, in which products and environments can be used by all people to the greatest extent possible without adaptation or special design. 3.3
asistive lechnology
assistive technology
assistive device
equipment, product system, hardware, software or service used to enhance, maintain and improve the physical ability of people with disabilities. Note: Technology or equipment can be purchased as a finished product, or it can be commercially modified or customized. The term does not include technology for people with disabilities. Radiation-assisted devices cannot eliminate damage, but they can reduce the difficulty that a disabled person has in performing tasks or activities in a given environment. 3.4
impairment
Problem with a body function or tissue, such as a severe decline or loss of function, which may be temporary (e.g. due to injury) or permanent, and may change over time, especially with ageing. Note 1: Body function is the physiological or psychological functioning of a body system. Body tissue refers to the anatomical parts of the human body, such as organs, limbs and other parts (as defined by ICIDH-2, July 1999), see also footnote 1 in the text. Note 2: This definition differs from the definitions of ISO 9999 and ISO 2001, and slightly from the ICIDH-2/ICF definition published by WHO in May 2001. 3.5
clivily limitation
The movement of an individual in carrying out work or some other basic activity is restricted. 3.6
User
A person who interacts with a product, service or environment. NOTE Modified from ISO 9241-11:1998.
Usability
The degree of effectiveness, economy and satisfaction that can be achieved by a specific user using a product within a specified range of use. (Refer to ISO 9241-11:1998)
Alternative forms
Alternative forms of use that allow people with sensory impairments or other disabilities to use products and services in a variety of ways, 2
Working dog
B/T 20002, 2--2008/IS0/1EC Guide 71:2001 Guide dogs, hearing dogs, dogs that provide assistance and social therapy for people who usually need mobility assistance services such as stroke, or any combination of these functions.
4 General Principles
4.1 Making products, services and environments responsive to the needs of older people and people with disabilities is not only a humanitarian imperative, it also brings significant economic benefits, most notably an increase in potential customers. If products and services are responsive to people with disabilities, they can be used more conveniently and easily by others, which is particularly useful when people have temporary difficulties, such as lost glasses, broken legs or feet, or when traveling with a stroller or large luggage.
4.2 Considering the needs of older people and people with disabilities early in the design phase rather than late in the design phase enables manufacturers to design, manufacture or provide products, services and environments that can be used by more people at lower cost or budget. Standardization has an important role to play in this area and will greatly influence the design of products and services that are of interest and concern to consumers. 4.3 Standardization bodies are encouraged to do their utmost to address the needs of older people and people with disabilities when drafting standards. This part of ISO 14001 aims to provide standard setters and their stakeholders with a systematic approach to addressing the needs of the elderly and disabled when setting and revising standards, and to assist standardization bodies in assessing whether their work meets the above needs. 4.4 It is recommended that standardization bodies should include risk assessment as an integral part of their analysis (see B/T 20002.1 for details). This part of ISO 14001 can help standardization bodies identify existing hazards (which may be greater for disabled people) and assess risks. 4.5 The potential demand for corresponding products should be considered. There is a need for products specifically for the elderly. Design more assistive devices for the elderly and people with disabilities. Assistive technology in the form of equipment, software or services can meet some of the needs of the elderly and people with disabilities. It is important that it is consistent with the general product, for example, audio and video should be available to people with normal and disabled people, as should hearing aids and phones. 4.6 Sometimes providing individual assistance (including camera assistance) is indispensable for people with disabilities, but it cannot be relied on to replace the principles of barrier-free design. In the service field, when barrier-free design cannot fully meet the needs of the elderly and people with disabilities, people's assistance is still needed,
4.In product design, there may be a potential conflict between safety and usability. She said that drug packaging designed to prevent children from reaching it may also make it more difficult for older people with reduced vision to open it, or may cause them to have reduced strength or dexterity. Although safety is the main goal, standardization organizations should also strive to develop solutions that also meet ergonomic factors. Guidance on meeting the needs of children can be found in GB/T 20002.1.
5 Use of standards
5.1 Chapter 6 of this part provides matters that standard developers need to consider when considering the needs of the elderly and disabled during the process of developing standards.
5.2 The table provided in Chapter 7 can help standard developers identify factors that affect the use of products, services or environments, and consider the importance of these factors to people with different abilities. 5.3 Section 8 explains the factors to be considered in more detail using the keywords listed in the table. 5.4 Section 9 describes the different abilities, senses, physical conditions and cognition of people (see table), explains the cause and effect relationship between exposure and injury, and describes allergies that may limit personal activities and even endanger life in some cases. It is hoped that all standard setters will gain a deeper understanding of the issues after reading Section 0. 5.5 This section also provides references, listing the sources of information that series standard setters can use to study this section in more detail and more carefully.
6 Standard setting - matters to be considered in the standard setting process The matters to be considered in the various procedures in Table 1 will help standardization organizations ensure that the standards take into account the needs of the elderly and disabled. 3
GB/T 20002.2-2008/ES0/IEC Guide 71:2001 requirements. When drafting a new standard or revising an existing standard, a careful reading of these procedures will help achieve their objectives. Table 1 Matters to be considered in the standard setting process Determine the standard promotion project * Purpose of the standard · Standardize the use of products or services to expand the accessibility of existing products or services to a wide range of users; suppliers, groups representing the elderly and disabled, user inspection, consumer testing, guidelines and policies, and ensure that the committee is in a tt||Good preparation
Committee members are aware
of the benefits of older people and people with disabilities. For example, briefing and/or
providing training
to experts and
users. Meeting rooms available for older people and people with disabilities
Committee materials in various formats and abbreviations
can be used to interpret data on user
issues, such as impairment data, focus groups
content of standard development
use this standard and other guidance materials to help determine,
||Special needs and safety for the elderly and people with disabilities
Maximize accessibility of the product or service to a wide range of users by meeting new or more demanding requirements
Whether other solutions (such as assistive technology) are needed
7 Ensure that standards include accessible design provisions
Factors to consider
7.1 Introduction
Ensure that:
Review process
The usability requirements in the standard have been evaluated +
For example, through consumer testing surveys, the language and terminology used in the standard will be acceptable to the elderly and the disabled (no distinction should be made). Drafts are sent to a wide range of users, including the elderly and disability rights groups. The standard is issued to ensure that: The standard is not used in other ways before it is issued. Tables 2 to 8 provide tools to help standard setters identify factors that affect the use of products, services or environments by people with different levels of disabilities. It should be noted that individual users of products may have a variety of impairments, so the needs of all people with disabilities should be considered when setting the standard.
7.2 Content of the tables
Each table identifies the general provisions or content of the standard, including Table 2: Information - Labelling, instructions for use and warnings Table 3: Packaging - Opening, use, use and disposal Table 4: Materials
Table 5: Installation
Table 6: Interface
Operation, controls and feedback
Table 7: Maintenance, storage and disposal
Table 8: Built environment (buildings)
7.3 Use of tables
7.3.1 Recommendations Before using tables, standard developers should first consider which tables are relevant to the standard they are drafting, that is, what type of provisions do standard developers want to include in the standard. For example: a standard related to electronic products may have provisions for information, packaging, materials, installation, user interface and maintenance, so Tables 2 to 7 are the tables that should be used when developing standards related to electronic products, and a food packaging standard may have provisions for information, packaging, materials, user interface and maintenance. Therefore, Table 2, Table 4, Table 6 and Table 7 are the tables that should be referred to when formulating food packaging standards. Building access standards generally include information, materials, installation, user interface and building environment regulations. When formulating such standards, it is recommended to refer to Table 2, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6 and Table 8.
GB/T 20002.2-2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:2001 Chemical
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GB/T 20002.2-2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:200 Food
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Niu GuohengjuFor example, summarizing and/or providing training to experts and users. Meeting rooms accessible to older persons and persons with disabilities Committee materials in various formats and abbreviations Data on user issues, such as impairment data, focus groups Content for developing standards Use this standard and other guidance to help identify the special needs and safety of older persons and persons with disabilities Maximize accessibility of products or services to a wide range of users by addressing new or more demanding requirements, minimizing risks, and whether other solutions (such as assistive technology) are needed 7 Ensure standards include accessibility features 7.1 Introduction Ensure that: Review process The usability requirements in the standard have been evaluated + e.g. through consumer testing surveys The language and terminology used in the standard are acceptable to older and disabled people (no distinction should be made) Drafts are sent to a broad range of users, including older adults and disability rights groups The standard is published Ensure that: The standard is not reviewed in other ways Tables 2 to 8 provide tools to help standard developers identify factors that affect how people with different levels of disabilities use a product, service, or environment. It should be noted that individual users of products may have a wide range of impairments, so the needs of all persons with disabilities should be considered when developing standards.
7.2 Content of tables
Each table identifies the general provisions or content of the standard, including Table 2: Information - Labelling, instructions and warnings Table 3: Packaging - Opening, use, use and disposal Table 4: Materials
Table 5: Installation
Table 6: Interface
Operation, controls and feedback
Table 7: Maintenance, storage and disposal
Table 8: Built environment (buildings)
7.3 Use of tables
7.3.1 Recommendations Before using tables, standard developers should first consider which tables are relevant to the standard they are drafting, that is, what type of clauses the standard developer wants to include in the standard. For example, standards for electronic products may have provisions for information, packaging, materials, installation, user interface and maintenance. Therefore, Tables 2 to 7 are the tables that should be used when formulating standards for electronic products. Food packaging standards may have provisions for information, packaging, materials, user interface and maintenance. Therefore, Tables 2, 4, 6 and 7 are the tables that should be referenced when formulating food packaging standards. Building access standards generally include information, materials, installation, user interface and building environment regulations. When formulating such standards, it is recommended to refer to Table 2, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6 and Table 8.
GB/T 20002.22008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:2001 Chemical
*6/3'6
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GB/T 20002.2-2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:200 Food
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CB/T 20002.2—2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71;200 faces
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Niu GuohengjuFor example, summarizing and/or providing training to experts and users. Meeting rooms accessible to older persons and persons with disabilities Committee materials in various formats and abbreviations Data on user issues, such as impairment data, focus groups Content for developing standards Use this standard and other guidance to help identify the special needs and safety of older persons and persons with disabilities Maximize accessibility of products or services to a wide range of users by addressing new or more demanding requirements, minimizing risks, and whether other solutions (such as assistive technology) are needed 7 Ensure standards include accessibility features 7.1 Introduction Ensure that: Review process The usability requirements in the standard have been evaluated + e.g. through consumer testing surveys The language and terminology used in the standard are acceptable to older and disabled people (no distinction should be made) Drafts are sent to a broad range of users, including older adults and disability rights groups The standard is published Ensure that: The standard is not reviewed in other ways Tables 2 to 8 provide tools to help standard developers identify factors that affect how people with different levels of disabilities use a product, service, or environment. It should be noted that individual users of products may have a wide range of impairments, so the needs of all persons with disabilities should be considered when developing standards.
7.2 Content of tables
Each table identifies the general provisions or content of the standard, including Table 2: Information - Labelling, instructions and warnings Table 3: Packaging - Opening, use, use and disposal Table 4: Materials
Table 5: Installation
Table 6: Interface
Operation, controls and feedback
Table 7: Maintenance, storage and disposal
Table 8: Built environment (buildings)
7.3 Use of tables
7.3.1 Recommendations Before using tables, standard developers should first consider which tables are relevant to the standard they are drafting, that is, what type of clauses the standard developer wants to include in the standard. For example, standards for electronic products may have provisions for information, packaging, materials, installation, user interface and maintenance. Therefore, Tables 2 to 7 are the tables that should be used when formulating standards for electronic products. Food packaging standards may have provisions for information, packaging, materials, user interface and maintenance. Therefore, Tables 2, 4, 6 and 7 are the tables that should be referenced when formulating food packaging standards. Building access standards generally include information, materials, installation, user interface and building environment regulations. When formulating such standards, it is recommended to refer to Table 2, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6 and Table 8.
GB/T 20002.22008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:2001 Chemical
*6/3'6
Tube
GB/T 20002.2-2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71:200 Food
This/batch
421/4#
Pear
CB/T 20002.2—2008/IS0/IEC Guide 71;200 faces
8'f'6/3'7'6
E't's/z't'6
12421/year display
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Niu Guohengju
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