Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Terms in connection with fire alarm equipment
Terms in connection with fire alarm equipments1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard gives accurate definitions of the basic terms of common fire alarm equipment in my country. GB/T 4718-1996
Replaces GB 4718--84
The terms listed in this standard are applicable to the production, design, construction, maintenance, management, scientific research, teaching, publishing and foreign aid of professional fire alarm equipment in the field of fire protection.
The scope of this standard also includes terms for new devices and new technologies that have been applied in major industrialized countries in the world and are in line with the development direction of fire alarm equipment.
2 General terms
2.1 Monitoring state monitoringstate is also called alert state. The working state when the fire detector or fire alarm device does not send out a fire alarm signal or a fault signal.
2.2 State of alarm
The state when the fire detector or fire alarm device sends out a fire alarm signal. 2.3 Fault
The situation where a certain link in the fire alarm system (fire detector, fire alarm device, fire alarm device, power supply, signal transmission line, etc.) cannot work normally.
2.4 Fault state of fault
The state of the system when a certain link in the fire alarm system fails. 2.5 Fault signal fault signal
The signal sent by the fire alarm system in a faulty state. 2.6 Fault rate rate of fault
The number of times each device in the fire alarm system fails under the specified conditions and within the specified period of use. It is usually expressed in the number of faults per million hours. That is: Fault rate = number of faults/million hours. Standby current
The working current when the fire detector or fire alarm device is in the monitoring state. 2.8
Alarm current current consumption at alarmThe working current when the fire detector or fire alarm device is in the alarm state. 2.9 False alarm
There is actually no fire, but the fire alarm device, etc. sends out a fire alarm signal. 2.10 False alarm rate refers to the number of false alarms that occur in each device in the fire alarm system under the specified conditions and period of use. It is usually expressed in the number of false alarms per million hours. False alarm rate = number of false alarms/million hours. 2.11 Wiring system
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on April 5, 1996, and implemented on November 1, 1996
GB/T 4718—1996
The wiring system between the fire alarm device and the fire detector and other devices. 2.12 Warning signal
A specific sound and light signal issued by the alarm device to remind relevant personnel to take immediate action when a fire occurs. 2.13 Warning signal
The sound and light signal issued by the fire alarm device to receive fire information. 2.14 Reset
The operation of restoring the fire detection alarm system to the monitoring state. 2.15 Detected signal
Signal from the detector indicating the state of the fire detection scene. 2.16 Pre-alarm state The fire alarm device receives the detection signal and it is yet to be confirmed whether it is a fire signal. 2.17 Coded signal Coded signal The signal representing the address or state of each component in the fire alarm system using modulation methods such as frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, and pulse width modulation.
2.18 Address code Addressable code Coded signal representing the address of components such as detectors. 3 Fire detection terms
3.1 Detected area per a fire detector The area where a fire detector can effectively detect fire parameters. 3.2 Response time of a heat detector Response time of a heat detector The time interval from the start of the specified temperature rise to the time of action of a heat detector in the response time test. 3.2.1 Upper limit of the response time of a heat detector When dividing the sensitivity level of heat detectors, the maximum response time value allowed in the same level. Lower limit of the response time of a heat detector3.2.2
When dividing the sensitivity level of a heat detector, the minimum response time value allowed in the same level. 3.3Response thresholdresponse threshold valueThe fire parameter value that makes the fire detector just able to operate. 3.4Sensitivitysensitivity
The sensitivity of the fire detector to the fire parameter. 3.5Sensitivity ratingsensitivity ratingSeveral levels divided by sensitivity.
3.5.1Sensitivity to smokesensitivity to smokeThe sensitivity of the fire detector to the smoke parameter. Sensitivity to heat3.5.2
The sensitivity of the fire detector to the temperature parameter under fire conditions. 3.6Best orientationbest orientationThe orientation corresponding to the minimum response threshold (or response time value) in the fire detector orientation test. 3.7Worst orientationworst orientationThe orientation corresponding to the maximum response threshold (or response time value) in the fire detector orientation test. 3.8Y valueYvalue
A parameter that indicates the effect of smoke particles on the ionization current in the ionization chamber. For an ionization chamber of a certain size, the Y value is proportional to the particle size and concentration of smoke particles. The Y value is calculated as follows:512
Wherein: I.
GB/T 4718—1996
Ionization current when there are no smoke particles in the air; Ionization current when there are smoke particles in the air; -Ionization chamber constant, I/m2;
Z-Smoke particle number concentration, I/m\;
a——Average particle size of smoke particles, m.
3. 9Obscuration coefficientObscuration coefficient is also called absorption coefficient or absorption index. A parameter that indicates the ability of smoke density to absorb and scatter light. It is calculated as follows: m=
Where: m-~dimming coefficient (dB/m);
d——optical measurement length of test smoke, m; P. ———radiant power received when there is no smoke, W; P-——radiant power received when there is smoke, W. 3.10 Confirmation light alarm indicator
Indicator light installed on the fire detector to indicate whether the fire detector responds. 4 Fire alarm terminology
4.1 Capacity
The total number of locations that the fire alarm controller can accommodate to transmit fire alarm signals. 4.2 Location
The place monitored by the fire detector in an alarm unit (branch) connected to the fire alarm controller. 4.3 Code of monitored location The number of the location monitored by the fire alarm controller. 4.4 Bus
The control unit and detection unit and other related components in the fire alarm system occupy the same line for signal transmission. This common channel is called the bus.
4.5 Polling
The process by which the fire alarm controller repeatedly detects the working status of each component in a certain cycle. Polling rate
The number of times the fire alarm controller inspects the working status of each component in the fire alarm system per second. Polling period
The time it takes for the fire alarm controller to inspect the working status of each component in the fire alarm system. 4.8 Point
Reflects the geographical location of components such as fire alarm detectors. One point corresponds to one installation location. 4.9
Branch loop
A branch is a branch of a loop. A branch occupies a part number. A branch can be composed of one or more detection components. 513
4.10 Loop
GB/T4718--1996
The transmission path that connects detectors and other components to the fire alarm controller. 4.11 Zone
In a fire alarm system, the range of points monitored by a group of detectors and other components. Isolation
Relying on the software control or hardware circuit function of the fire alarm controller to shut down unused components, the fire alarm controller will not respond to its faults and fire alarm status. This method of use is called isolation (i.e. component shutdown). 4.13 Isolating parts
Isolated components in the system.
4.14 Fire determination Fire determination Technology used by fire alarm controller to determine real fires based on factors such as smoke rise rate, smoke concentration, temperature, temperature difference, temperature rise rate, etc., after eliminating environmental interference.
5 Fire detectors
5.1 Smoke detectors Smoke detectors A detector that is sensitive to solid or liquid particles produced by combustion and/or pyrolysis suspended in the atmosphere. 5.1.11
Ionization smoke detectors Ionization smoke detectors A detector that is sensitive to combustion products that can affect the ionization current in the detector. 5.1.2 Photoelectric smoke detectors Optical smoke detectors A detector that is sensitive to combustion products that can affect the absorption or scattering of radiation in the infrared, visible and/or ultraviolet electromagnetic spectrum regions. 5.1.2.1 Obscuration-type photoelectric smoke detectors Photoelectric smoke detectors that use the principle that light is attenuated by absorption by smoke particles. Scatter-type photoelectric smoke detector 5.1.2.2
A photoelectric smoke detector that uses the principle that light changes when it is scattered by smoke particles. Infrared beam line-type smoke detector 5.1.2.3
A line-type smoke detector that uses the principle that infrared beams are absorbed by smoke particles and weakened. Laser beam line-type smoke detector 5.1.2.4
A laser beam smoke detector that uses the principle that the intensity of the received laser signal changes when smoke absorbs, scatters and blocks the laser beam.
5.2 Heat detector heat detector
A detector that responds to parameters such as abnormal temperature, temperature rise rate and temperature difference. 5.2.1 Fixed temperature detector fixedtemperaturedetector A heat detector that responds when the temperature reaches or exceeds a predetermined value. 5.2.1.1 Fusible alloy-type fixed temperature detector A fixed temperature fire detector with a fusible alloy that can melt rapidly at the rated temperature as the sensitive element. 5.2.2 Rate-of-rise detector A temperature detector that responds when the heating rate reaches a predetermined value. 5.2.2.1 Bimetal strip-type rate-of-rise detector A differential temperature detector with bimetal strips with different thermal expansion coefficients as the sensitive element. 5.2.2.2 Diaphragm chamber-type rate-of-rise detector A differential temperature detector with a diaphragm chamber as the sensitive element. This detector uses the rapid expansion of the air in the diaphragm chamber during a fire to push the corrugated plate at the bottom of the entire chamber so that the electrical contacts are connected to the drive electronic circuit to alarm. 5.2.3 Rate-of-rise and fixed temperature detector514
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A temperature detector with both differential and fixed temperature functions. 5.2.3.1 Combined diaphragm chamber-type rate-of-rise and fixed temperature detector
A differential fixed temperature detector with a diaphragm chamber (the diaphragm inside) as the differential temperature sensitive element and two metals with different expansion coefficients as the fixed temperature sensitive element.
5.2.3.2 Semiconductor differential fixed temperature detector
semiconductor sensor-type rate-of-rise and fixed temperature detec-tor
A differential fixed temperature combined detector with a semiconductor temperature sensing device as the sensor. 5.3 Flame detector
A detector that is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in a specific band in a flame, also known as a photosensitive detector. 5.3.1 Ultraviolet flame detector A detector that is sensitive to ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength in a flame. 5.3.2 Infrared flame detector A detector that is sensitive to infrared light of a specific wavelength in a flame. 5.3.3 Combined ultraviolet and infra-red point-type flame detector A fire detector that has both ultraviolet flame detection and infrared flame detection functions. 5.4 Combination detector A detector that applies multiple detection principles to the same detector, combines the detection results, and gives an output signal. 5.5 Multi-reference detector A detector that applies multiple detection principles to the same detector and has multiple independent outputs of parameters. These multiple parameters are sent to the fire alarm controller, and the software performs a comprehensive analysis to make a judgment. 5.6 Detector with fixed value A detector that activates an alarm when the measured value exceeds a fixed or static value within a specified time. 5.7 Differential detector differentialdetector Detector that activates an alarm when the difference in the magnitude of the measurements at two or more points (normally very small) exceeds a certain value within a specified time. 5.8 Point detector pointtypedetector Detector that responds to a monitored phenomenon near a small sensor. 5.9 Multipoint detector multipoint typedetector Detector that responds to a monitored phenomenon near multiple small sensors (such as thermocouples). 5.10 Line detector linetypedetector Detector that responds to a monitored phenomenon near a continuous route. 5.10.1 Line-type heat detector line-type heat detector Detector that responds to temperature parameters around a certain route in the warning range. 5.10.1.1 Cable line-type fixed temperature detector: cable line-type fixed temperature detector Line-type fixed temperature detector using a cable line structure. Line-type smoke detector line-type smoke detector5. 10. 2
Fire detector that responds to smoke parameters around a certain route in the warning range. 5.10.2.1 Emitter and receiver In a linear smoke detector, the emitter and receiver are installed opposite to each other at the two ends of the protected area. The receiver receives the parallel light beam emitted by the emitter. When smoke particles pass through the area where the parallel light beam passes, the radiation flux received by the receiver weakens. When it weakens to a certain value, the receiver sends a fire alarm signal. In short, the emitter is the component that emits the parallel light beam, and the receiver is the component that receives the radiation flux.
GB/T4718--1996
5.11 Resettable (restorable) detector resettable detector A detector that can be restored from the alarm state to the monitoring state without replacing any components after responding and when the conditions that caused the response have ceased.
Automatic resetting (automatic recovery) detector self-resetting (self-restoring) detector 5.11.1 A resettable detector that can automatically restore to the normal monitoring state. 5.11.2 Remotely resettable (restorable) detector remotely operated to restore to the normal monitoring state. 5.11.3 Locally resettable (restorable) detector A resettable detector that can be manually operated to restore it to the normal monitoring state (i.e., manually resettable detector). 5.12 Non-resettable (non-recoverable) detector A detector that cannot be restored to the normal monitoring state after responding. 5.12.1 Non-resettable (non-restorable) detector with exchangeable elements
A detector that requires one or more components to be replaced to restore it to the normal monitoring state after responding. 5.12.2 Non-resettable (non-restorable) detector with non-exchangeable elements
A detector that cannot be restored from the alarm state to the normal monitoring state after responding and must be replaced. 5.13 Detachable and non-detachable detectors Detectors that are easy to remove from their normal working position and detectors that are not easy to remove from their normal working position during maintenance. 5.13.1 Detachable detector Detectors that are easy to remove from their normal position during maintenance (or: detectors that can be removed during maintenance without affecting their performance).
5.13.2 Non-detachable detector Non-detachable detector Detectors that are not easy to remove from their normal working position during maintenance (or: detectors that cannot be removed during maintenance and will affect their performance once removed).
5.14 Two-state detector Two-state detector Detectors that can give two output states related to the "normal" or "fire alarm" state. 5.15 Multistate detector A detector that gives a finite number (greater than two) of output states related to "normal" or "fire alarm" and other abnormal states. 5.16 Analogue detector This type of detector gives an output signal representing the value of the detected phenomenon. The signal can be a real analog signal or a digital signal equivalent to the detected value. This detector does not judge the fire alarm by itself. 5.17 Explosion-proof detector This detector has an explosion-proof function in addition to the fire detection function. It can be used in various flammable and explosive occasions without detonating due to its own reasons.
6 Fire alarm controller
6.1 Single-loop fire alarm control unit A fire alarm controller with only one fire alarm loop. Multiple-loop fire alarm control unit 6.2
A fire alarm controller with one or more fire alarm loops. 6.3 Zone fire alarm controller Zone fire alarm control unit 516
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A single-channel or multi-channel fire alarm controller that can directly receive alarm signals from fire detectors or repeaters in a protected space. 6.4 Central fire alarm controller Central fire alarm control unit A fire alarm controller that can receive alarm signals from regional fire alarm controllers (including other devices equivalent to regional fire alarm controllers) or fire detectors and can send certain control signals to enable regional fire alarm controllers to operate. b.5 General fire alarm controller General fire alarm control Unit can be used as a fire alarm controller for both regional fire alarm controller and centralized fire alarm controller. 6.6 Fire display panel fire display panel is a part of the fire alarm indication device. It is a device that can display the location or area where the fire alarm or fault is issued and can send out sound and light fire and fault signals.
6.7 Short-circuit isolator shortcircuit isolaton is used on the transmission bus to isolate the branch lines when they are short-circuited. It can automatically make the two ends of the short-circuit part in a high-impedance state or an open circuit state, so that it will not damage the controller and will not affect the normal operation of other components on the bus. When the short-circuit fault of this part is eliminated, it can automatically restore the normal operation of this part of the circuit. This device is called a short-circuit isolator. That is, a bus isolator. 6.8 Coding base addressable base
A detector base with coding function, which is used to determine the address of the detector or other components in the circuit, so that the detector can occupy the bus in a time-sharing manner, and some also need to identify system control and operation commands. 6.9 Relay device
The controller is far from the site. In the long-distance signal transmission, it plays a relay role to strengthen the signal and is used to transfer other types of detectors.
6.9.1 Addressable relay device A relay with an address code that occupies an address position number, which is convenient for the controller to grasp the working status of each relay. 6.10 Coding components Addressable parts Detectors, relays, short-circuit isolators and other controller-inspectable components with address codes that occupy address positions are collectively referred to as coding components.
6.10.1 Input module Input module
A device that sends the linkage device status to the fire alarm controller through the bus. 6. 10.2
Output module Output module
A device that receives the signal from the fire alarm controller and activates the linkage device through the bus. 6.11 Coding switch Addressable switch A configurable dip switch that can represent the address number of the loop component. 6.12 Coding interface addressable port adapter circuit between non-coding detectors, components, equipment, etc. and addressable controller. 6.13 Bus driver busdriver
Device added to enhance the signal in bus signal transmission. Alarm display alarm display panel 6.14
Device that displays alarm information and visually displays the area or location of the fire scene. 6.15 Floor indicator floor indicator displays the status of the fire alarm device on a floor or part of it, and can send out sound and light alarm signals when there is a fire alarm. The floor indicator is connected to the centralized controller.
6.16 Simulating display screen simulating display screen is used to simulate the environmental layout of on-site fire detectors and other components, and can accurately reflect the on-site fire fault status. 6.17 Automatic fire equipment automatic fire equipment equipment that can receive a start signal to control or extinguish a fire. Such as controllers or automatic fire extinguishing equipment for fire doors, fire dampers, smoke exhaust dampers, smoke barriers, smoke exhaust fans 517
, etc. wwW.bzxz.Net
GB/T 4718—1996
6.18 Device for controlling automatic fire equipments Automatic control devices that can send out action indications and start automatic fire equipments after receiving signals from detectors or control and indicating devices.
6.19 Integrated fire control device After receiving the fire signal, the device can automatically (or manually) start the relevant automatic fire fighting equipment. 6.20 Fire control console (panel, cabinet) Fire control console (panel, cabinet) It is installed in the fire control center room, equipped with fire monitoring receiver, intercom, emergency broadcast, etc. to provide fire information and command fire fighting work.
7 Automatic fire detection (and alarm) display system 7.1 Analogue detection and alarm system The detection signal provided by the detector to the controller is an analog signal or an equivalent digital signal. The size of this (analog) signal corresponds to the fire situation detected, reflecting the fire situation on the scene. When a fire occurs, the system can determine whether a fire has occurred.
7.2 Programmable (address) alarm system In the fire alarm, control, and linkage system, the system can change the address of each component and the logical relationship between them at any time according to the actual situation during the commissioning, operation process, equipment maintenance, and the start of fire extinguishing facilities. 7.3 Fire computer graphic display system When receiving a fire alarm or fault signal, the computer automatically displays the fire alarm or fault area, building plan (or other) graphics and related information previously input into the computer.
8 Fire signal wireless transmission system
8.1 Transmitting apparatus Transmitting apparatus A device that processes the information provided by the detector and then sends it to space in the form of electromagnetic waves. 8.2 Receiving apparatus Receiving apparatus A device that selectively receives the electromagnetic wave signal in space and processes the information. The processed signal can also be a direct alarm signal.
8.3 Transmission distance Transmission unit (antenna) and receiving unit (antenna) can transmit signals normally and reliably. 9 Power supply
9.1 Main power supply Main power supply AC power supply is transformed by rectification, filtering and voltage stabilization to supply power to the automatic fire alarm system. 9.2 Secondary power supply Secondary power supply When the main power supply fails to work properly, the backup battery pack for the automatic fire alarm system to continue working. 9.3 voltage shortage
9.3.1 voltage shortage of main power supply When the voltage of the main power supply is lower than the lower limit of the rated voltage, it is called main power supply undervoltage. 9.3.2 voltage shortage of secondary power supply When the voltage of the secondary power supply is lower than the lower limit of the rated voltage, it is called backup power supply undervoltage. 9.4 charge fault
Fire alarm controller fails in charging the backup power supply. 518
10 speaker-phone
GB/T4718—1996
speaker-phone (or two-way telephone) is a telephone system specially used for intercom calls between the fire control room (duty room) and various places in the building. 10.1 the main telephone set for two-way telephone is a duplex telephone call host specially used for fire protection system. 10.2
Jack for two-way telephone Jack for two-way telephone is installed in various places of the building. It is a jack for connecting a telephone handle to a main intercom. 11 Fire alarm broadcast system
Public-fire alarm address system A special broadcast system used in case of fire. 519
Alarm current
Alarm signal
Encoded signal
Part number
Semiconductor differential temperature detector
Non-resettable (non-recoverable) detector
GB/T 4718-1996
Appendix A
Chinese index
(reference)
Short-circuit isolator
Address code repeater
Interphone
Non-resettable (non-recoverable) detector with non-replaceable components.5.12.2
Non-detachable detector
Encoding base
Encoding component
Encoding switch·
Encoding interface…
Alarm display
Backup power supply
Backup power supply undervoltage
Differential temperature detector
Differential fixed temperature detector
Differential detector
Transmission distance
Charging failure
Address code
Fixed temperature detector
Multi-parameter detector
Fixed value detector
Point detector
Multi-point detector
Multi-state detector·
Single-channel fire alarm controller
Multi-channel fire alarm controller
Interphone host
Interphone jack
Compound detector
Transmitter and receiver
Explosion-proof detector·
Transmitter
Fault state
Fault signal
Fault rate
Response time of temperature-sensitive fire detector
Upper limit of response time of temperature-sensitive fire detector##++*+*#
.* 3.2.1
Lower limit of response time of temperature-sensitive fire detector*#+**心+*。 3.2.2
Smoke sensitivity
Temperature sensitivity
Isolation components.
Smoke detector
Photoelectric smoke detector
Temperature detector
Fire alarm status
Fire judgment
Fire detector
Infrared beam line smoke detector
Flame detector
Infrared flame detector
.*·4.14
Fire alarm controller
Fire spirit display panel
Fire computer graphic display system
Fire exchange signal wireless transmission System
Fire alarm broadcast system
Monitoring status
Blue-view current
Alarm signal·
Dimming coefficient
Dimming type photoelectric smoke detector
Laser beam line type smoke detector
Central fire alarm controller
Receiving device
Resettable (recoverable) detector
Remote reset and recovery) detector
Nearby reset (recovery) detector
GB/T 4718-1996
Non-resettable (non-recoverable) detectors with replaceable components 5.12.1
Removable detectors
Programmable (addressable) alarm systems
Sensitivity
Sensitivity levels
Ion smoke detectors
Cable linear fixed temperature detectors
Floor display
Diaphragm differential temperature detectors
Diaphragm differential fixed temperature combined detectors
Analog detectors
Analog display screens
Analog detection alarm systems
Confirmation lights
This city fire alarm controller
5. 10. 1.1
Scattering photoelectric smoke detector
Bimetallic differential temperature detector
Dual-state detector
Input module
Output module,
Detection signal,
Detection range
Universal fire alarm controller
False alarm rate,
Line system·
Response threshold
Inspection speed
Inspection cycle
Linear detector
Linear temperature detector·
Linear smoke detector·
Fire linkage control device·
Fire control console (panel, cabinet)
Pre-alarm state
Fusible alloy fixed temperature detector
Most favorable position
Most unfavorable position
Ultraviolet flame detector
GB/T 4718--1996
Ultraviolet infrared composite point flame detector··*···5.3.3 Automatic fire fighting equipment automatic reset (automatic recovery) detector******5.11.1 Repeater
Bus driver·
Automatic fire fighting equipment control device****
Main power supply
Power supply undervoltage
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