GB 18361-2001 Safety requirements for lithium bromide absorption chillers (warm water chillers)
Some standard content:
GB18361—2001
The technical contents of Chapter 4, Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 of this standard are mandatory, and the rest are recommended. This standard is formulated based on JB8656—1997 "Safety Requirements for Lithium Bromide Absorption Chillers" and with reference to the safety standards for absorption chillers and warm water units of the Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association. As of the date of publication of this standard, JB8656—1997 shall be abolished. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are standard appendices, and Appendix C and Appendix D are reminder appendices. This standard is proposed by the China Association for Standardization. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Refrigeration Equipment. Drafting units of this standard: Yuanda Air Conditioning Co., Ltd., China Association for Standardization, Hefei General Machinery Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard: Zhang Yue, Li Shiyuan, Wang Shiguo, Chen Bokun, Wang Jindong, Peng Qifan, and Long Weiding. I
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety requirements of lithium bromide absorption water chiller (heater) This standard specifies the safety requirements of lithium bromide absorption water chiller (heater). GB18361—2001
This standard applies to steam and hot water type lithium bromide absorption water chillers and direct-fired lithium bromide absorption water chillers. Other units of the same type may refer to it for implementation.
Cited Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB151—1999 Shell and tube heat exchanger
GB4943—1995 Safety of information technology equipment (including electrical business equipment) (idtIEC950:1991) GB/T5226.1—1996 Industrial machinery electrical equipment Part 1: General technical conditions (eqvIEC204-1:1992) GB9237—2001 Safety requirements for mechanical refrigeration systems for refrigeration and heating (eqvISO5149:1993) GB/T15706.2—1995 Basic concepts and design general rules for mechanical safety Part 2: Technical principles and specifications (eqvI SO/TR12100-2:1992)
GB/T18362—2001 Direct-fired lithium bromide absorption chillerGB/T18431—2001 Steam and hot water lithium bromide absorption chillerGB50045—1995
5 Code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings
GB50052—1995
5 Code for design of power supply systems
GBJ16—1987 Code for fire protection design of buildings (revised) Hazard list
Possible hazards of lithium bromide absorption chillers are shown in Table 1. Table 1 List of unit hazards Mechanical hazards Electrical hazards Fire, explosion, inhalation of harmful gases caused by the use of fuel Hazards caused by incorrect safety measures or improper positioning Approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on May 9, 2001 Relevant provisions 4.1.3 4.1.5 4.1.6
5.25.35.4
2001-12-01 implementation
4 Safety requirements
4.1 Basic requirements
4.1.1 Unit body
GB18361—2001
a) The unit design shall comply with the requirements of GB/T15706.2, GB/T18362 and GB/T18431; b) When working, the refrigerant and absorption liquid side pressures of the main body components involved in the operation shall be kept below the local atmospheric pressure; the altitudes and local atmospheric pressures of major cities across the country are shown in Appendix C (Reminder Appendix); c) When the pressure inside the unit rises abnormally due to environmental influences (such as abnormal temperature rise), it should not endanger the environment and personal safety; d) The mechanical properties, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of the materials used in the unit should comply with the design requirements and the requirements of GB9237; e) The instruction manual and maintenance precautions (operation manual) of the unit (including the combustion equipment of the direct-fired unit) and auxiliary equipment should be complete, clear, easy to understand and master, and comply with the requirements of GB9237; f) When the unit is equipped with an outer cover, a well-ventilated structure should be used to avoid high-temperature gases or flammable gases from being retained in the cover box; g) Units installed outdoors should have measures to protect against lightning strikes and severe weather conditions. 4.1.2 Electrical equipment
a) The insulation resistance between the live parts and the non-live conductors of the unit should be above 1MQ; b) The live parts and the non-live conductors of the unit should withstand the voltage withstand test and there should be no breakdown or flashover; c) There should be reliable grounding measures;
d) It can work normally in an environment with an ambient temperature of 5-40℃ (5-55℃ for direct exposure) and a humidity of 30%-95%; e) Various components should be able to work normally within the range of 90%-110% of the rated voltage; f) There should be sound and light alarm device ports when the unit’s safety situation is abnormal; 8) There should be a control procedure to ensure safety when the power supply is abnormal; h) There should be overload protection devices and overall protection functions; i) Electromagnetic compatibility should comply with the requirements of GB/T5226.1; j) Reliable waterproof, dustproof, anti-condensation, high temperature and anti-freeze measures should be adopted according to the place of use. 4.1.3 The part of the generator that bears the heat source pressure
The part of the steam and hot water type unit generator (high pressure generator) that bears the heat source pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa, whose inner diameter (non-circular cross section refers to its maximum size) is greater than or equal to 0.15m, and whose volume is greater than or equal to 0.025m, and whose maximum operating temperature is greater than or equal to the local water boiling point, shall comply with the requirements of GB151.
4.1.4 Combustion equipment system
a) Fuel piping, fuel shut-off valve (including fuel shut-off valve and gas shut-off valve), etc. shall not leak oil or gas; b) The combustion equipment shall be compatible with the fuel used and can burn stably in the entire working range; c) There shall be no leaking fuel in the furnace,
d) In case of emergency, the fuel supply shall be cut off quickly: e) The burner ignition shall be reliable and accurate. For gas type, if the auxiliary burner ignition method is adopted, the ignition of the auxiliary burner and the ignition of the auxiliary burner to the main burner shall be reliable and accurate. 4.1.5 Warm (hot) water
a) Nominal outlet temperature of warm (hot) water
1) When warm water is produced by the evaporator, absorber, and condenser, the nominal outlet temperature of the warm water shall be at least 10°C lower than the maximum operating temperature of the refrigerant pump and the absorption liquid pump in the unit; 2) When warm (hot) water is produced by a high-pressure generator with an additional hot water heat exchanger, the nominal outlet temperature of the warm (hot) water shall be 15°C lower than the boiling point of local water; if it exceeds this, at least two independent safety protection devices shall be installed on the high-pressure generator, at least one of which shall be non-electrically controlled. However, the nominal outlet temperature of warm (hot) water shall be at least 5°C lower than the boiling point of local water. b) Domestic hot water
GB18361—2001
For units used to produce domestic hot water, the quality of domestic hot water provided shall meet the requirements of relevant health and safety standards. 4.1.6 Insulation
a) The manufacturer shall specify the parts of the unit to be insulated and put forward the insulation technical requirements in the relevant information; b) Insulation measures shall be taken for the parts of the unit body that need to be insulated, and at least there shall be a structure that is convenient for insulation; c) Parts of the unit that are above 60℃ and are not suitable for insulation shall have obvious signs to prevent burns and indicate that they are not suitable for insulation. 4.2 Overview of combustion equipment
4.2.1 Overall structure
a) The structure should be able to withstand the impact, vibration, load, cold and heat and various stresses during normal transportation, installation and operation; b) When the burner and its accessories are installed on the main body or base, they should not deviate from the correct position due to torsion slip, and their working performance should not be affected by vibration and heat radiation;
c) It should be easy to visually observe the combustion status;
d) The flue should be equipped with an explosion-proof door; the setting of the explosion-proof door should allow the explosion gas flow to diffuse in a safe direction and should not endanger personal safety. However, if the maximum combustion capacity is less than 350kW (high calorific value, the same below), it may not be installed according to the situation; e) The flame detector should be installed in a position to prevent malfunction caused by exposure to harmful light; f) When the overload protector installed on the fan is activated, the combustion equipment should stop running; g) When the combustion chamber is opened for inspection and maintenance, incorrect operation shall not lead to ignition or combustion. 4.2.2 Fuel piping system
For an example of fuel piping system, see Figure D2 in Appendix D (suggested Appendix). a) Fuel pipeline
1) An oil filter that is easy to inspect and maintain should be installed upstream of the fuel pump; 2) Two fuel shut-off valves should be installed in series on the discharge pipe of the fuel pump; only one fuel shut-off valve can be installed if the maximum combustion capacity is less than 350kW (high calorific value, the same below);
3) A pressure gauge should be installed to monitor the discharge pressure of the fuel pump; 4) When there is a return pipe on the fuel supply tank, a stopcock and other valves should not be installed on the return pipe from the fuel pump to the fuel tank; 5) When a fuel heater is installed, an automatic oil temperature control device should be provided. b) The air pipeline should be equipped with a joint for measuring air pressure. 4.2.3 Gas piping system
For an example of gas piping system, see Figure D3 in Appendix D. a) Gas pipeline
1) Two gas stop valves shall be installed in series on the main gas pipeline and the ignition auxiliary gas pipeline respectively; 2) When using an internal mixing burner (atmospheric or flameless), a check valve to prevent backflow shall be installed; 3) A filter that is easy to inspect and maintain shall be installed upstream of the gas stop valve and pressure regulator; 4) The gas pressure regulator shall be set according to Table 2, and the regulator shall be set downstream of the gas stop valve in principle; in addition, the gas pressure regulators of the ignition pipeline and the main pipeline shall be set separately; 5) The gas pressure controller shall be set according to Table 2, and the gas shall be cut off quickly when the gas pressure drops or rises abnormally; 6) A pressure gauge or pressure gauge joint ball for monitoring the gas supply pressure and the working pressure of the gas pressure regulator (except for zero adjustment) shall be installed on the main pipeline
7) A plug or valve with low resistance in the fully open state shall be installed on the pipeline immediately before the burner, and a joint for leak detection and measuring the burner pressure shall also be installed before the plug or valve; 8) A bypass valve shall not be installed on the gas stop valve. 3
Gas pressure
GB18361—2001
Table 2 Gas pressure regulator and upper and lower limit pressure controllers Gas pressure regulator
Main gas pipeline
Note: O means it should be set, △ means it can be set as needed. b) Air pipeline
1) An air pressure controller should be set upstream of the damper; Ignition branch pipeline
2) The ignition burner air pipeline should be led out before the damper, 3) A joint for measuring air pressure should be set. 4.2.4 Materials, design and manufacture of fuel piping Gas pressure upper limit controller Gas pressure lower limit controller a) Fuel pipelines can be welded steel pipes, seamless steel pipes or copper pipes: However, seamless steel pipes must be used for gas pipelines with a gas pressure greater than 9.8kPa and a nominal diameter greater than or equal to 50mm. Copper pipes are only used for ignition branch pipelines and auxiliary pipelines, and when the gas pressure is greater than 3.5kPa, they are only used downstream of the gas pressure regulator; b) The connection method of piping and pipeline accessories shall be in accordance with Table 3 and Table 4; Table 3 The connection method of fuel pipelines and pipeline accessories shall be welded or flanged. When the nominal diameter is less than 25mm, threaded connection can be used. When the nominal diameter is less than 25mm, threaded connection can be used. Pressure gauge and other accessories can be flanged. When the nominal diameter is less than 25mm, threaded connection can be used. Table 4 Connection methods of gas pipelines and pipeline accessories Gas pressure Main pipeline Welding or flange connection Welding or flange connection Ignition pipeline Welding, flange connection. Downstream of the gas shut-off valve or when the nominal diameter is less than 20mm, threaded connection, welding or flange connection, pressure gauge and other accessories can be used. However, when the nominal diameter is not greater than 80mm, threaded connection, flange connection, threaded connection, flange connection can be used. When the nominal diameter is not more than 25mm, threaded connection can be used. c) When threaded connection is used, threaded sealed pipe threads should be used, and seamless steel pipe fittings should be used for gas pipelines with gas pressure greater than 9.8kPa; d) The pipeline system should be equipped with a bracket, and a compensation device should be installed between the main pipeline and the main pipeline to eliminate external forces caused by load, thermal expansion, vibration, etc. and possible leakage of the piping system joints; 4 GB18361- 2001
e) Inspection of piping system The fuel piping system shall be inspected in accordance with the following requirements in addition to the test in 5.4: 1) When the fuel piping system is in operation, it shall be confirmed that there is no oil leakage. The fuel shut-off valve shall be inspected for leakage before and after installation to confirm that there is no oil leakage.
2) After the gas piping system is assembled, it shall be tested in accordance with Appendix A (Appendix of the Standard) and meet the test requirements; however, the test pressure shall not exceed the pressure rating of the gas pressure regulator and pressure controller. 4.2.5 Burner control procedure
a) During pre-purge, the flue damper shall be in the open state. Pre-purge requirements: 1) Fuel type: Before ignition, use an air volume of 4 times the volume of the combustion chamber (including the furnace and the main flue) for cleaning; 2) Gas type: Before ignition, use a wind pressure controller to confirm that the fan is in operation and meets the maximum air volume required for combustion, and then use an air volume of 5 times the volume of the combustion chamber for cleaning. b) Ignition should be reliable and easy to ignite, and fire extinguishing should be slow and stable: 1) For fuel oil type, the ignition test time should be within 7s, but when the maximum combustion capacity is less than 350kW, the time can be within 15s, and low combustion gear ignition should be used.
2) Gas type:
-- Direct ignition should adopt low combustion gear ignition mode, and auxiliary ignition mode should be adopted as needed for large combustion capacity;-- Ignition delay should be within 10s, but when the maximum combustion capacity is less than 350kW, the time can be within 15s;-- When auxiliary ignition mode is adopted, the main gas shut-off valve should be energized only after confirming that the auxiliary flame is burning;-- When auxiliary ignition mode is adopted, when the main gas shut-off valve is energized, the auxiliary ignition gas shut-off valve should be automatically closed within 10s;
-- Use low combustion gear ignition;
-- Except for emergency fault action extinguishing, the lowest combustion gear should be used for extinguishing. However, if the maximum combustion capacity is less than 350kW, the flameout can be performed at any combustion gear.
c) Air-fuel ratio: The air-fuel ratio for stable combustion should be maintained throughout the entire combustion range. d) Emergency safety measures: In an emergency, the fuel supply should be cut off quickly, and an audible and visual alarm signal should be issued. In addition, when the ignition fails or the flameout is caused by a fault, the fuel supply should be cut off within 4 seconds, and an audible and visual alarm signal should be issued. When restarting, the entire ignition procedure including pre-purge should be repeated. Emergency conditions include: 1) Oil type: combustion safety device actuation, fan overload protector actuation, etc., 2) Gas type: abnormal gas pressure, abnormal wind pressure, fan overload protector actuation, etc. e) Post-purge: Post-purge as needed. 4.2.6 Burner
a) Combustion monitoring controller
1) In case of ignition failure and abnormal flameout, the fuel shut-off valve shall have the function of disconnecting the power supply within 3s after the flame is extinguished, or shutting off all fuel shut-off valves within 4s.
2) In case of abnormal flameout, the cause shall be found out, the fault shall be eliminated, and the system shall be restarted only after safety is confirmed. 3) During ignition, the program of automatic detection of the internal circuit shall be adopted to prevent malfunction caused by signal interference, distortion, etc.; and there shall be a safety function to ensure safety when components fail. 4) The combustion program shall not be easily changed, and the setting values related to safety shall be locked according to the authority level. 5) When ignition fails or the flame is abnormally extinguished, the re-ignition program shall be stopped immediately, and a structure shall be adopted that the ignition cannot be restarted without manual reset.
6) The combustion monitoring controller body shall have the protection function of withstanding the short-time impulse voltage generated by the power supply or internal circuit. 7) When the gas type adopts auxiliary ignition, it shall have the function of outputting the electrical signal of opening the main gas shut-off valve only after the auxiliary flame is detected or the starting flame is started.
b) Flame detector
1) The detection should be sensitive, reliable and without malfunction; GB18361—2001
2) It should be set in an appropriate position to accurately monitor all flames and be easy to check; 3) It should be used under the specified temperature and installation conditions to avoid deformation and damage due to thermal stress and installation stress in the furnace. c) Ignitor
1) The positions of the ignition burner, ignition electrode and flame detector should be accurately configured and installed; 2) The ignition spark should be able to ignite the fuel quickly, smoothly and accurately; 3) The ignition electrode and insulation interface should be made of materials and structures that can withstand impact, vibration and heat, and are not prone to bending, deformation, cracking, cracking and reduced insulation performance;
4) The igniter should have a structure that is not prone to carbon accumulation and adhesion of other debris; 5) The wires used for the igniter should be non-flammable, heat-resistant and thermally insulating, and the insulation should not be easily aged, and the wiring should have measures to prevent loosening and bending.
d) Burner
1) It should have good flame stabilization capability, stable flame in the whole combustion range, and easy to ignite and ignite. The selection should be adapted to the unit parameters and combustion chamber type; 2) The structure should be easy to clean, inspect, repair and replace; 3) The material should be heat-resistant, durable and strong; 4) The ignition electrode should be set in a position that can ignite safely and reliably; 5) The gas-fired auxiliary burner should have the position and capacity to enable the main burner to ignite safely and reliably, and it should be noted that the air pipeline should be led out from the downstream of the air volume control valve to confirm that the control of the main burner "start/stop" test is qualified; 6) There should be no vibration that affects its performance during operation; 7) When conducting the nominal combustion volume test, the CO in the flue gas shall not be greater than 0.03% (volume concentration), and the blackness of the oil-fired flue gas shall not be greater than Ringelmann Grade 1.
e) Fuel shut-off valve
1) It should be able to work reliably under the maximum pressure and pressure difference; 2) When the power is turned off, the fuel should be shut off reliably within 1s, and electromagnetic force should not be used for closing; 3) When the power is turned off, it should not be easy to open manually, and there should be no lock in the open position; 4) The electrical contacts, terminals and easily damaged working parts should be protected by covers; 5) The pressure-bearing part should withstand the maximum working pressure (1.5 times the maximum working pressure for gas), and should not cause internal or external leakage and deformation: 6) There should be a mark on the valve body to indicate the direction of fuel flow; 7) The gas shut-off valve should also meet the following technical requirements: - At least one limit controller in the shut-off valve for the main burner is used to prevent misoperation: - The limit controller should comply with relevant standards. When the limit controller is used to monitor the opening and closing signals, it should be accurate. - The internal leakage of the solenoid valve used for the shut-off valve should comply with the provisions of the gas shut-off valve. f) Fuel adjustment mechanism and air damper 1) Should be easy to control and adjust, and adjust at the same time as the combustion air volume to maintain a suitable air-fuel ratio within the combustion range: 2) When the fuel regulating valve and air regulating damper are driven by a connecting rod transmission mechanism, there should be a structure that can easily adjust the air-fuel ratio and a reliable structure that can maintain a suitable air-fuel ratio, and there should also be reliable measures to prevent falling off and prevent failures caused by external factors; 3) There should be no fuel leakage, and the action should be accurate and reliable under the highest working pressure and pressure difference; 4) A suitable flow diameter should be selected, and a large rotation angle should be selected for the gas regulating valve; 5) The controller for confirming the low combustion gear of the gas type should be set on the gas regulating valve; however, if the controller is set on the transmission mechanism of the regulating valve, the positions of the maximum flow rate and the minimum flow rate should be marked on the gas regulating valve and the transmission mechanism respectively. g) Other valve types
1) There should be a mark to identify open/close;
2) It should work reliably and not leak fuel; 3) If there is a flow direction requirement, the flow direction should be marked on the valve body. h) Fuel oil pump and oil filter
1) Fuel pump
- It should be easy to adjust the pressure:
- An exhaust hole should be set at an appropriate position to exhaust the air in the pump and oil pipe. 2) Oil filter bzxZ.net
- The oil filter should adopt a structure that is easy to inspect internally;- The shell should be marked with an arrow indicating the direction of fuel flow. i) Gas pressure regulator and gas pressure controller and air pressure controller 1) Gas pressure regulator
- When a spring-type pressure regulator is used, the spring should be set with a cover GB18361-2001
When the gas supply pressure and flow rate fluctuate within the working range, the outlet pressure should be able to maintain stable combustion of the burner and should be able to maintain stable combustion of the burner within the entire combustion range; The shell should be marked with an arrow indicating the direction of gas flow. 2) Gas pressure controller and wind pressure controller - should adopt the structure to prevent the contact from falling off or the set value from changing due to external factors such as mechanical vibration; - in the pressure controller of flow throttling orifice plate, the structure should be adopted to prevent the gas from leaking when the orifice plate is damaged; the electrical contacts of the gas pressure controller should be isolated from the monitored gas (i.e. explosion-proof type); the gas pressure controller should be used within the specified gas pressure range. 4.3 Safety protection components
4.3.1 The safety protection components that should be installed on the unit body are shown in Table 5. 4.3.2
All safety protection components should be confirmed to be normal through the action test of safety protection components in 5.7. Table 5 Unit safety devices
Heat source type
Safety components
Generator pressure controller
Generator temperature controller
Generator liquid level controller
Solution pump, refrigerant pump overload
Blower motor overload
Oil pump motor overload
Cold water cut-off or flow rate is too small
Exhaust gas temperature is too high
Warm (hot) water temperature is too high
Single/double effect
Single/double effect
Safety components
Steam safety valve
Cold water temperature Too low
Power supply fuse, etc.
Electrical grounding interface
Overpressure relief device
Combustion monitoring controller
Flame detector
Automatic igniter
Fuel cut-off valve
Gas pressure controller
Oil filter
Gas filter
Oil temperature controller
Air pressure controller
Single/double effect
Single/double effect
Table 5 (end)
Note: O means it should be equipped, - means it does not need to be equipped, and △ means it should be equipped according to the situation. 3 The unit should be equipped with instruments that display the following values: 4.3.3
a) Generator temperature (or pressure);
b) Exhaust gas temperature.
4.3.4 The unit shall be provided with the following auxiliary interlocking equipment interfaces: a) for cold and warm (hot) water;
b) for cooling water;
c) for cooling tower fan;
d) for controlling heat source (steam type or hot water type);
e) for flue damper (when the direct-fired machine is provided with an adjustable damper in the flue); GB18361—2001
-Generally equipped by the steam supply pipeline||t t||Including fusible plugs, bursting discs, etc.
Divided into lower and upper limit control
Equipped when there is a fuel heater
f) Remote control of the start and stop of the direct-fired engine installed indoors, and when the maximum combustion capacity is above 58kW: for gas leak detectors (gas-fired units); for seismic sensors (based on the local earthquake level area division, contact the local fire department); for indoor temperature detectors;
For ventilation equipment.
5 Determination of safety requirements
5.1 Heat source side pressure test
GB18361—2001
The heat source side pipe pressure test of single-effect and double-effect steam and hot water type units shall be hydraulically tested in accordance with the provisions of GB151. 2 Insulation resistance test
Before and after the unit cooling or heating test, use a 500V insulation resistance meter to measure the insulation resistance between its live parts and non-live metal parts.
5.3 Withstand voltage strength test
Take a voltage of 1000V plus 2 times the rated voltage (1000V for motors with rated power less than 400W, and 500V for parts with withstand voltage below 36V), 50Hz approximately sinusoidal AC, and continuously apply voltage between the live and non-live parts of the unit for 1 minute. The voltage to ground is DC 30V or less, and the withstand voltage test can be omitted for electronic components used in the control circuit. 5.4 Electromagnetic compatibility test
The test method specified in GB/T5226.1 shall be followed. 5.5 Air tightness and pressure resistance test of fuel piping system The air tightness and pressure resistance test of fuel piping system shall be conducted in accordance with Appendix A. 6 Combustion equipment test
The combustion equipment test shall be conducted in accordance with Appendix B (Appendix to the standard). 5.7 Action test of safety protection device
Actuation test of various safety protection devices shall be conducted according to design parameters. If the parameters of safety protection devices may change due to installation and other factors, the test shall be conducted after installation.
6 Usage information
6.1 The usage information of the unit shall comply with the requirements of GB4943. 6.2 Each unit shall have a durable nameplate fixed in a conspicuous position, and the nameplate shall include at least the following contents. 6.2.1 Manufacturer’s name and trademark;
2 Unit model and name;
6.2.3 Working pressure of cold, warm (hot) water and cooling water system, 6.2.4 Unit manufacturing number;
5 Unit manufacturing date.
6.3 The manufacturer shall provide an instruction manual (operating manual) including the following contents and make the user fully aware of them: 6.3.1 Structure and operation method;
2 Safety devices and fault handling,
3 Daily inspection contents and items,
6.3.4 Periodic inspection contents and items;
5 Installation precautions
a) The foundation of the unit shall be flat and firm;
b) The layout of the direct-fired unit shall comply with the requirements of GBJ16 and GB50045; c) The machine room where the direct-fired unit is installed shall have Good ventilation measures shall comply with the requirements of GBJ16 and GB50045; d) Flue ducts and smoke windows shall have the cross-sectional area and structure required for stable combustion and shall have sufficient strength at operating temperature; e) There shall be space required for maintenance and inspection;
f) When the unit is installed outdoors, the combustion device shall have appropriate protective facilities and the unit water system shall have anti-freezing measures; g) Each direct-fired unit shall use a separate flue. When multiple units share one flue, a damper shall be installed at the exhaust port of each unit; h) The design and installation of the power supply system shall comply with the requirements of GB50052. 9
6 Precautions for operation
GB18361—2001
a) The operator should always have the instruction manual (operation manual) available and have a full understanding of its contents; b) When the operator finds any abnormal situation, he should immediately shut down the machine and take necessary measures. He can restart the machine only after confirming safety; c) When there is unburned oil or unburned gas in the furnace, it is strictly forbidden to carry out ignition operation. The unburned oil or unburned gas should be removed quickly; d) The heat source used by the unit should meet the design requirements; e) After the installation of the direct-fired unit is completed, the fuel piping system should be tested for air tightness before supplying fuel; f) Nitrogen should be used for air tightness test of the unit body and fuel piping (dry air can also be used for fuel piping). It is strictly forbidden to use oxygen or flammable gas;
g) Air and water mixed in the fuel piping system should be removed before ignition. 6.3.7 Precautions for maintenance and servicing
a) Safety protection devices should be regularly inspected according to the specified contents, and should not be used if abnormalities are found; b) The unit should be maintained and serviced to operate in normal conditions. 10
A1 Scope of application
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
GB18361—2001
Air tightness and pressure test methods for gas systems This appendix specifies the air tightness and pressure test methods for gas pipe systems of direct-fired engines. 2 Test gas
Inert gas such as clean air or nitrogen. A3 Test method
For pressure test and external leakage air tightness test, see Table A1. Table A1
Gas pressure, kPa
Pressure test
Pressure above 4.9kPa, confirm
No abnormality in piping and burner
When pressurization exceeds
1.5 times of the maximum working pressure (the downstream of the pressure regulator takes
more than 1.5 times of the set pressure),
Confirm that there is no abnormality in piping and burner
Internal leakage of stop valve Air tightness test
Air tightness test
Perform soap foaming test with air pressure above 4.9kPa. Confirm that there is no leakage in the connection parts such as welds, flanges, and threads, and the water column pressure gauge remains unchanged for more than 5 minutes to be qualified. Perform soap foaming test with air pressure above 1.5 times of the maximum working pressure. Confirm that there is no leakage in the welds, flanges, threads and other connection parts, and the water column pressure gauge remains unchanged for more than 5 minutes or the pressure gauge scale remains unchanged for more than 24 minutes, which is qualified. Perform a soap foaming test with an air pressure of 1.1 times the maximum working pressure. Confirm that there is no leakage in the welds, flanges, threads and other connection parts; and the pressure gauge scale remains unchanged for more than 24 minutes, which is qualified.
According to Figure A1, apply 1.5 times the maximum working pressure upstream of the stop valve to confirm that the internal leakage does not exceed 10mL in 1 minute. Stop plate
(Open)
Figure A1 Stop valve internal leakage airtightness test deviceFigure A4 Test record
The required record items for this test are as follows:
Test pressure, gas supply pressure, set pressure of the gas pressure regulator, name of the instrument used, test location, and tester. 114 Regular inspection contents and items;
5 Installation precautions
a) The foundation of the unit should be flat and firm;
b) The layout of the direct-fired unit should comply with the requirements of GBJ16 and GB50045; c) The machine room where the direct-fired unit is installed should have good ventilation measures and comply with the requirements of GBJ16 and GB50045; d) The flue and smoke window should have the cross-sectional area and structure required for stable combustion and should have sufficient strength at working temperature; e) There should be space required for maintenance and inspection;
f) When the unit is installed outdoors, the combustion device should have appropriate protection facilities and the unit water system should have anti-freezing measures; g) Each direct-fired unit should use a separate flue. When multiple units share one flue, a damper should be installed at the smoke exhaust outlet of each unit; h) The design and installation of the power supply system should comply with the requirements of GB50052. 9
6 Precautions for operation
GB18361—2001
a) The operator should always have the instruction manual (operation manual) available and have a full understanding of its contents; b) When the operator finds any abnormal situation, he should immediately shut down the machine and take necessary measures. He can restart the machine only after confirming safety; c) When there is unburned oil or unburned gas in the furnace, it is strictly forbidden to carry out ignition operation. The unburned oil or unburned gas should be removed quickly; d) The heat source used by the unit should meet the design requirements; e) After the installation of the direct-fired unit is completed, the fuel piping system should be tested for air tightness before supplying fuel; f) Nitrogen should be used for air tightness test of the unit body and fuel piping (dry air can also be used for fuel piping). It is strictly forbidden to use oxygen or flammable gas;
g) Air and water mixed in the fuel piping system should be removed before ignition. 6.3.7 Precautions for maintenance and servicing
a) Safety protection devices should be regularly inspected according to the specified contents, and should not be used if abnormalities are found; b) The unit should be maintained and serviced to operate in normal conditions. 10
A1 Scope of application
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
GB18361—2001
Air tightness and pressure test methods for gas systems This appendix specifies the air tightness and pressure test methods for gas pipe systems of direct-fired engines. 2 Test gas
Inert gas such as clean air or nitrogen. A3 Test method
For pressure test and external leakage air tightness test, see Table A1. Table A1
Gas pressure, kPa
Pressure test
Pressure above 4.9kPa, confirm
No abnormality in piping and burner
When pressurization exceeds
1.5 times of the maximum working pressure (the downstream of the pressure regulator takes
more than 1.5 times of the set pressure),
Confirm that there is no abnormality in piping and burner
Internal leakage of stop valve Air tightness test
Air tightness test
Perform soap foaming test with air pressure above 4.9kPa. Confirm that there is no leakage in the connection parts such as welds, flanges, and threads, and the water column pressure gauge remains unchanged for more than 5 minutes to be qualified. Perform soap foaming test with air pressure above 1.5 times of the maximum working pressure. Confirm that there is no leakage in the welds, flanges, threads and other connection parts, and the water column pressure gauge remains unchanged for more than 5 minutes or the pressure gauge scale remains unchanged for more than 24 minutes, which is qualified. Perform a soap foaming test with an air pressure of 1.1 times the maximum working pressure. Confirm that there is no leakage in the welds, flanges, threads and other connection parts; and the pressure gauge scale remains unchanged for more than 24 minutes, which is qualified.
According to Figure A1, apply 1.5 times the maximum working pressure upstream of the stop valve to confirm that the internal leakage does not exceed 10mL in 1 minute. Stop plate
(Open)
Figure A1 Stop valve internal leakage airtightness test deviceFigure A4 Test record
The required record items for this test are as follows:
Test pressure, gas supply pressure, set pressure of the gas pressure regulator, name of the instrument used, test location, and tester. 114 Regular inspection contents and items;
5 Installation precautions
a) The foundation of the unit should be flat and firm;
b) The layout of the direct-fired unit should comply with the requirements of GBJ16 and GB50045; c) The machine room where the direct-fired unit is installed should have good ventilation measures and comply with the requirements of GBJ16 and GB50045; d) The flue and smoke window should have the cross-sectional area and structure required for stable combustion and should have sufficient strength at working temperature; e) There should be space required for maintenance and inspection;
f) When the unit is installed outdoors, the combustion device should have appropriate protection facilities and the unit water system should have anti-freezing measures; g) Each direct-fired unit should use a separate flue. When multiple units share one flue, a damper should be installed at the smoke exhaust outlet of each unit; h) The design and installation of the power supply system should comply with the requirements of GB50052. 9
6 Precautions for operation
GB18361—2001
a) The operator should always have the instruction manual (operation manual) available and have a full understanding of its contents; b) When the operator finds any abnormal situation, he should immediately shut down the machine and take necessary measures. He can restart the machine only after confirming safety; c) When there is unburned oil or unburned gas in the furnace, it is strictly forbidden to carry out ignition operation. The unburned oil or unburned gas should be removed quickly; d) The heat source used by the unit should meet the design requirements; e) After the installation of the direct-fired unit is completed, the fuel piping system should be tested for air tightness before supplying fuel; f) Nitrogen should be used for air tightness test of the unit body and fuel piping (dry air can also be used for fuel piping). It is strictly forbidden to use oxygen or flammable gas;
g) Air and water mixed in the fuel piping system should be removed before ignition. 6.3.7 Precautions for maintenance and servicing
a) Safety protection devices should be regularly inspected according to the specified contents, and should not be used if abnormalities are found; b) The unit should be maintained and serviced to operate in normal conditions. 10
A1 Scope of application
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
GB18361—2001
Air tightness and pressure test methods for gas systems This appendix specifies the air tightness and pressure test methods for gas pipe systems of direct-fired engines. 2 Test gas
Inert gas such as clean air or nitrogen. A3 Test method
For pressure test and external leakage air tightness test, see Table A1. Table A1
Gas pressure, kPa
Pressure test
Pressure above 4.9kPa, confirm
No abnormality in piping and burner
When pressurization exceeds
1.5 times of the maximum working pressure (the downstream of the pressure regulator takes
more than 1.5 times of the set pressure),
Confirm that there is no abnormality in piping and burner
Internal leakage of stop valve Air tightness test
Air tightness test
Perform soap foaming test with air pressure above 4.9kPa. Confirm that there is no leakage in the connection parts such as welds, flanges, and threads, and the water column pressure gauge remains unchanged for more than 5 minutes to be qualified. Perform soap foaming test with air pressure above 1.5 times of the maximum working pressure. Confirm that there is no leakage in the welds, flanges, threads and other connection parts, and the water column pressure gauge remains unchanged for more than 5 minutes or the pressure gauge scale remains unchanged for more than 24 minutes, which is qualified. Perform a soap foaming test with an air pressure of 1.1 times the maximum working pressure. Confirm that there is no leakage in the welds, flanges, threads and other connection parts; and the pressure gauge scale remains unchanged for more than 24 minutes, which is qualified.
According to Figure A1, apply 1.5 times the maximum working pressure upstream of the stop valve to confirm that the internal leakage does not exceed 10mL in 1 minute. Stop plate
(Open)
Figure A1 Stop valve internal leakage airtightness test deviceFigure A4 Test record
The required record items for this test are as follows:
Test pressure, gas supply pressure, set pressure of the gas pressure regulator, name of the instrument used, test location, and tester. 11
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