Some standard content:
ICS 47. 080
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T18814—2002
Electrical systems
Alternating current installations
Small craft-Electrical systemsAlternating current installations(ISO 13297:2000.IDT)
20020828 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 2003-01-01
This standard is equivalent to IS013297:20004 Small craft This standard is equivalent to the translation of ISO13297:2000. Electrical system
For the convenience of the following use, the following editorial additions have been made to this standard: \) "this international standard" is changed to "this standard"; h) the decimal point * is used instead of the comma " as a decimal point"; \: c) except for the international standard
English version of the construction equipment)
Appendices A and B of this standard are normative appendices, and Appendix C and Appendix D are scientific appendices. This standard is proposed by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation. This standard is attributed to the 708th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry. The drafting unit of this standard: China Shipbuilding Industry 708th Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard: Lin Dehui, Li Zhenshang, Wang Shenzheng. GB/T 18814: 2002
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1 Scope
Electrical systems for small boats
AC installations
GB/T 18814--2002
This standard specifies the design, manufacture and installation requirements for single-cell AC systems with a nominal voltage less than V for use in small boats with a length not exceeding 24 m.
This standard refers to three types of equipment:
2 Normative references
The provisions in the following documents become the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. All subsequent amendments (excluding missing content) or revisions of the documents with a specified period do not apply to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. The following are undated references to which this standard applies. G836.1 Electrical equipment for use in hot and cold environments Part 1: General requirements (IEC 6079-0: 1999) C: 134258 Enclosure protection class (IEC 60529: 1989) GR14948.7 Medical pressure substation equipment and control equipment auxiliary electrical equipment Part 1: Copper conductor terminal blocks (IEC 60529: 1989) GI3T17726 Protection of small boat electrical installations against ignition of surrounding flammable gases (IEC 6079-0: 1999) GI3T17726 Protection of small boat electrical installations against ignition of surrounding flammable gases (IEC 6079-0: 1999) C: 134258 Enclosure protection class (IEC 60529: 1989) GR14948.7 Medical pressure substation equipment and control equipment auxiliary electrical equipment Part 1: Copper conductor terminal blocks (IEC 60529: 1989) GI3T17726 Protection of small boat electrical installations against ignition of surrounding flammable gases (IEC 6079-0: 1999) C: 134258 Enclosure protection class (IEC 60529: 1989) GR14948.7 Medical pressure substation equipment and control equipment auxiliary electrical equipment Part 1: Copper conductor terminal blocks (IEC 60529: 1989) m and below
ISO10133
15018240
The owner of the boat shall register
The basic principles of safety identification are as follows:
The color and dispersion are used to identify the conductor ring
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and meanings apply to this standard: 3.1
The "craft's ground" is the "craft's earth" with the public "earth's potential", including any electrically conductive connection (intentional or unintentional) to the surface of the body.
Residual (differential) current device (RCD) Residuat (differential) current device Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) Ground-rault circuit interrupter A mechanical switching device or combination of devices that is designed to connect, transfer and disconnect current under normal conditions and that can disconnect non-conductive materials when the residual current reaches a given value under normal conditions. Note: R)F1 is designed to minimize the risk of injury to persons due to shock 3.3
A polarity transformer uses the neutral conductor in its system to perform a phase-to-phase polarity change using the live conductors as the polarity of the system.
i Note: In publication.
GB/T 18814—2002
Isolation transformer
isolation transformer
A transformer with protective separation between the input and output windings and the protective conductor. 3.5
Neutral conductor
Neutral conductor
A conductor connected to the neutral point of the system and capable of transmitting electrical energy. 3.6
protective earthing conductor+protective grounding conductorProtective earthing conductorDoes not carry current in normal use.A conductor used to prevent electric shock by taking certain measures to electrically connect any of the following parts of electrical equipment to the "ground" of the ship, and to the AC grounding conductor on the ship through the ship's power cable: 1) Exposed conductive parts of electrical equipment,
l) External conductive parts:
) Main grounding terminal;
) "ground" electrode;
e) "ground" point of the power supply, or artificial neutral point, 3.7
Live conduetor
Conductor or conductive part that is intended to be live in normal use, including neutral conductor. 3. 8
Ignition-protected equipmentEquipment designed and manufactured in accordance with GB/T17726. 3. 9
overcurrent protective device
overcurrent protective device
A device designed to open the circuit for a predetermined time when the current exceeds a predetermined value, such as a fuse or circuit breaker. 3.10
panel-hoard, switchboard
distribution box
distribution board
swilehboard
combination of various devices used to control and/or distribute electrical energy Note: Circuit breakers, fuses, switches, meters and indicators are all such devices. 3.11
polarized system
a system in which neutral and live conductors are connected in the same way to all the terminals of each device or socket in the circuit. 3.12
shore-power inlet
inlet
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A shielded male device designed to be mounted on a boat for connection with the female connector at the boat end of the shore power cable in order to make an electrical connection for the transfer of electrical energy.
trip-free circuit breakerA mechanical switching device capable of connecting, transferring and disconnecting current under normal circuit conditions and, under specified abnormal circuit conditions, such as overload or fault conditions, of connecting, transferring current for a specified time and disconnecting current, designed so that its reset means cannot be manually held in place to override the current disconnect mechanism2
accessibility
Performance that can be accessed for inspection, removal or maintenance without dismantling the permanent structure of the boat. 3.15
readily accessible
Performance that can be quickly and safely accessed for effective use without the use of tools. 3.16Www.bzxZ.net
Sheath
GB/T188142002
A uniform and continuous tubular outer sheath made of metal or non-metallic material wrapped around a single or multiple insulated wires. Examples: molded rubber tube, molded plastic tube, braided sheath or hose. 3.17
Conduit
A closed wiring device with a circular or non-circular cross section that allows the insulated wires and/or cables to be pulled and/or replaced in electrical installations. 3.18
cable trunking
A closed external device consisting of a base and a removable cover, intended to completely enclose insulated conductors, cables or cords, and suitable for use with other electrical equipment.
double-pole circuit-breaker
double-pole circuit-breaker
is intended to disconnect the neutral conductor and the live conductor in a circuit at the same time and for a predetermined time when the current exceeds a specified current. 3.20
captive-spade terminal A component that can keep the wire terminal connected to the screw or handle even if the threaded terminal fastener is loose. 3.21
Bare conductive partExpnset conductivepartConductive part of electrical equipment that may be easily touched, is not normally energized, but may be energized in an accident state. 3.22
Fuse
A device that interrupts the current when the current exceeds a given value for a sufficient time by fusing one or more specially designed and proportioned parts, thereby disconnecting the circuit into which it is inserted.
Note: The fuse consists of all the parts that make up this complete device. 3.23
Galvanic isolator
A device installed in parallel with the AC protective conductor of the shore power cable to block low-voltage DC current but allow AC current that is normally associated with this protective conductor to flow.
4General requirements
4.1 The color of the protective conductor should be green or green with a yellow stripe. These two colors are not used for current-carrying conductors. Note: The equipotential jumper conductor of the DC electrical system (see 1S10133) shall also be green or green insulation with only color stripe effect: connected to the exposed conductive parts of the DC electrical device, other external conductive parts and the negative ground of the battery. 4.2 The protective conductor shall be connected to the negative DC ground as close as possible to the negative terminal of the battery. 1: If an RCD (fully insulated residual current device) is installed in the main power supply circuit of the AC system (see 8.2), it is not required to connect the negative ground terminal of the AC system to the shore power ground (protective conductor). 3
GB/T 18814—2002
4.3 In comparison with the fully insulated DC system (see 190) 101331, its AC protection body shall be connected to the external grounding of the system or the lightning protection board (if provided). 4.4 Metal bodies should not be used as conductors. 4.5 The conductor should be connected to the metal body and located in a place where water can accumulate. 4.6 The circuit should not be too wet during winter. Each side of the power supply is also connected to the generator and the transformer. When transferring power from one power source to another, all current-carrying conductors (live and neutral) should be disconnected before approaching the other power source circuit, and the potential is not completely prevented, and the power supply should be connected through the power supply or power supply facilities of the machine city. When switching the power supply, all current-carrying conductors (live and neutral) should be disconnected at the same time. 4. The live parts of the electrical equipment should be protected by 1P2X type external or non-electrical equipment that does not adopt external protection facilities to prevent accidental contact. The live parts of the electrical equipment should be protected by at least I2x protection under the standard of GB4208. The government has appropriate protection standards (5,2). 4.8 The neutral point should be connected at the power supply, that is, the secondary grounding of the generator, isolation transformer or alarm transformer or connected to the fault. The neutral point should be connected to the battery through a fault cable and should not be grounded on the ground. 4.9 A current isolator or other suitable device may be installed in the protection system to withstand the current (if any) when AC current is allowed to flow. The current is designed to withstand the energy added by the short-circuit test of the power supply. The power supply can trip the circuit breaker in this test within the time required. During the test, the output terminal of the test is also effective. A symmetrical current of 5000A. After the short-circuit test, the electrical and mechanical properties of the isolator should not change. 5.1 The isolator should be marked with a symbol to indicate the voltage and current. "Electric shock hazard" and "Fire hazard" 5.2 The electrical distribution circuit should be equipped with a waterproof medical symbol. The symbol should be the same as shown in Figure 1a) and Figure 1h). "Electric shock hazard" "Fire hazard"! ! The recommended pipes are all checked and replaced with electric shock and fire-proof diameters to reduce the risk of small sections. Before connecting to the shore power source, the shore power cable should be disconnected immediately. The power supply should be turned off gradually. The power supply should be turned off after the power is turned off. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. The power supply should be turned off immediately. Installation is only appropriate when the situation requires it. For permanent wires, there is no requirement for the first type and the fifth type. 5.3 The switch and the control device shall not be marked with a mark to indicate the prohibited function. The use of the switch is not allowed to cause a dangerous situation under normal operating conditions. 5.4 Electrical equipment shall be marked or marked to indicate: a) the marking of the device: h) the type or brand; d) the electrical rating expressed in volt (V) and ampere (A) or in volt (V); e) the number of phases and frequency (applicable): e! If the equipment is used for anti-ignition, it shall be marked with GB/T17726. 6 Ignition source
Installed in a compartment that normally uses petrol gas (L.PG) or gasoline gas, for example, a gasoline wheel cabinet, an engine compartment and an LG cabinet. The electrical components shall be specified to comply with GB/T17726 or GB3836.1, and shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of ISO 911.
7 Overcurrent protection
7.1 Requirements
7.1.1 In a non-polarized system, a dual-core circuit breaker that can disconnect the power conductor and the neutral conductor at the same time is required. 7.1.2 Fuses shall not be installed in non-polarized systems. 7.1.3 The overcurrent protection device for motor loads shall have a predetermined current rating that is coordinated with the characteristics of the sensitive protection circuit.
7.1.1 Each AC motor enclosure and each motor in a motor operating device shall be protected by integral overcurrent protection or thermal protection in accordance with the requirements of 7.1.3. Exceptions shall be made for motors which will not overheat under continuous rotor rotation. 7.1.5 The rated current of the overcurrent protection shall not exceed the maximum current carrying capacity of the conductor to be protected. Table A, 1.7.2 Main Supply Circuits
7.2.1 The conductors of the main supply circuits shall be provided with a disconnect strap 7.2.2 A manually reset, self-tripping circuit breaker shall be provided within 0.5 m of the conductors or, if impracticable, the conductors of the main supply switchboard circuit breaker shall be enclosed in a protective enclosure such as a junction box, switch box, enclosed switchboard, etc. or in an isotropic cable or equivalent protective enclosure. If the distance between the main shore power supply circuit breaker and the shore power supply connection point or the electrical connection point of the permanent digital flexible cord exceeds 3m, it should be measured along the conductor from the connection point or connection point to the electrical system in the boat! Fuses or circuit breakers are installed.
7.2.3 Isolating transformers and polarity transformers, including transformer groups implemented as a device, should be provided with overcurrent protection. Each transformer is protected by a single overcurrent discharge device with a rating of not more than 125% of the transformer primary rated current on its primary side.
7.3 Branch circuits
7.3.1 The live conductors of each branch circuit in the polarity system should be provided with overcurrent protection, i.e. fuses, at the connection point of the main switchboard busbar.
7.3.2 In a non-alarm system, both conductors of a branch circuit shall be provided with overcurrent protection provided by a double-pole circuit breaker and a double-pole switch (if used) at the main switchboard connection point. Ground fault protection/earth leakage protection
8.G self-tripping type
8.2 The following ground slip protection GB/T 18814—2002
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a) with a maximum nominal tripping sensitivity of 30mA and a maximum tripping time of 100ms, and the setting position shall comply with 7.2.2 The required double-pole RCD, or
b) Each socket located in the kitchen, toilet, machinery space or open deck is protected by a GFCI (RCE) with a maximum sensitivity of 10mA.
8.3 The GFCI (RCr) device is to have an internal circuit for manually testing the function of the release. In parallel, the GFCIRCJ)> double-pole plug-in device can be installed as part of a two-outlet device, with a single outlet or with a composite "locking wire" through a series of sockets connected in parallel to connect the devices: so that the first CFCI (RCD) protects all parts of the circuit. 9 Appliances and equipment
Unless the device is only a double-insulated structure, the appliances and fixed AC electrical equipment installed on the boat are to have exposed conductive parts connected to the protective conductor:
Integral overcurrent protection is to be provided.
10 System wiring
10.1 The minimum rating of conductors shall be 300/500V. The minimum rating of flexible cords shall be 300/300V. 10.2 Conductors and flexible cords shall be stranded copper wires and their cross-sectional area shall not be less than that determined by reference to Table A.1. Note: When referring to Table A-1, equipment grounding conductors are not considered to be current-carrying conductors. 10.3 The insulation temperature rating of conductors and flexible cords outside the engine space shall be at least 60C. 10.4 The cross-sectional area of conductors shall be at least 1mm. As an exception, for internal wiring in distribution boxes, the minimum cross-sectional area may be used. 10.5 The insulation temperature rating of wires in the engine space shall be at least 70°C. These wires shall be oil resistant or protected by insulating conduits or sleeves, and the permissible current carrying capacity shall be reduced in accordance with Appendix A. 10.6 The cross-sectional area of the protective conductor shall not be less than the cross-sectional area of the current-carrying conductor in the supply circuit. 10.7 The current-carrying conductors, neutral conductors and protective conductors of the AC system shall be marked. They may be marked by insulation color, number or other methods (such as the system wiring diagram indicating the marking method has been provided with the boat). The insulation color used Color (in accordance with IEC60446): Current conductor: black or brown; Neutral conductor: white or light brown; Protective conductor: green or green with yellow stripes (see 4.1). Note: For the insulation of current-carrying conductors and neutral conductors, color stripes can be added for identification in the system. Current-carrying conductors and neutral conductors in AC systems should not use yellow, green or green with yellow stripes. 11 Installation
11.1 The connection of the conductors should be in a weatherproof location or in an area with an insulation level of at least GB 42U8. Connections above decks exposed to water shall be made in enclosures with a protection level of at least IP67 in accordance with the requirements of GB4208. 11.2 The conductors shall be supported for their entire length in conduits, cable trays or trays or fixed in separate supports with a maximum spacing of 450 mm.
11.3 AC circuits shall not be included in the same wiring system as DC circuits unless they are separated by one of the following methods: a) For multi-core cables or cords, the cores of the AC circuits are separated from the cores of the DC circuits by a grounded metal screen with a current carrying capacity equal to that of the largest core in the AC circuit. h) The cables are insulated according to their system voltage and laid in separate compartments of the cable conduit or cable tray system. c) The cables are laid on trays or ladders with physical separation provided by partitions. d) Separate conduit, sheath or cable tray systems are used. 6
e) The converter and DC conductors shall be directly fixed on the same surface with a minimum spacing of 100 mm. GB/T 18814—2002
11.4 The current-carrying conductors of the DC system shall be laid above the expected water level in the bilge or other areas where water may accumulate, or at least 25 mm above the water level where the automatic bilge switch operates. If the conductors must be laid in the bilge or other areas where water may accumulate, their wiring and connections shall be made in an enclosure with a protection level of at least 1P67 in accordance with the requirements of GB4208, such as a continuous conduit, and there shall be no connection below the expected water level. 11.5 The metal used for the terminals, nuts and washers shall be corrosion-resistant and compatible with the metal of the conductors and terminals in terms of galvanic corrosion. Lead and unplated steel shall not be used for terminals, nuts or pads in the circuit. 11.6 Solderless crimping terminals and connectors shall be connected with crimping tools designed for wire terminals and the connections formed shall meet the requirements of 11.13.
11.7 All conductors shall have suitable terminals, that is, bare wires shall not be connected to terminals or screws. 11.8 Terminals clamped with screws or without screws shall comply with the requirements of (GB140/8. Other terminals shall be annular or anti-slip fan-shaped, and the latter shall not be retained on the screws or terminals only by the pressure of the screws or screw nuts. Anti-slip tripod terminals shall be self-locking.
As an exception, if the connection does not separate when subjected to a force of 21N, a friction-type lug may be used in a circuit with a current not exceeding 20A.
11.9 Joints (wire nuts) shall not be used. 11.10 For terminals Bare necks shall be protected by insulating plates or sleeves to prevent external short circuits, but this may be an exception for terminals in the protective conductor system.
11.11 The conductors shall be routed away from exhaust nodes and other heat sources that may damage their insulation. Unless an equivalent heat plate is provided, the minimum distance between the conductor and water-cooled exhaust components is 50 mm; the minimum distance from dry exhaust components is 253 mm. 11.12 Conductors that can avoid physical damage shall be protected by sheaths, conduits or other equivalent means. Conductors made by insulation or structures shall be protected from insulation damage caused by abrasion. 11.13 For each connection between wires and wires, wires and terminals, the thinnest wire in the connection should be able to withstand the tensile force listed in Table 1 without breaking.
Table 1 Tensile force value of joints
Wire cutting area
Search wire cross-sectional area
11.14 The number of wires connected on the same terminal should not exceed 4. 12 Distribution box
12.1 An AC system distribution box should be installed with a light bulb to indicate that the system is *connected/disconnected\, with a grade of paste area
, tensile force
12.2 If the system is designed to supply power to the motor circuit or to cover the onboard generator, a system voltage meter should be installed on the switchboard. 12.3 The switchboard should be permanently marked with the system voltage. For example: 230V or 230V, 50Hz.
12.4 The front of the switchboard, that is, the working surface of the switches and circuit breakers, should be easily accessible, and the back of the switchboard, the foot terminals and the connection side should be accessible.
12.5 Electrical connections and components should be located in a windproof and rainproof position, and according to GB4208 requirements: - If exposed to water for a short period of time, the minimum barrier is 1P 67; GB/T 18814± 2002
-. If exposed to water, at least IP56 - if located in a protected position inside the boat, at least IP20. 12.6 Small boats equipped with DC and AC electrical systems should be equipped with two independent distribution boxes: one for DC and one for AC distribution, or a distribution box with a switchboard or other reliable facilities for distribution, as long as the DC and AC parts are clearly separated and clearly marked. There should be a wiring diagram on the boat to identify the circuits, components and wires. 13 Sockets
13.1 The sockets and matching plugs used in the boat for the AC system should not be interchangeable with the sockets and plugs used for the DC system. 13.2 Sockets installed in locations exposed to rain, water spray or splashing should be able to be enclosed in an enclosure of at least 1P55 that meets the requirements of GB 134298 when not in use. The socket after the corresponding plug is inserted shall also remain sealed according to G134208. 13.3 Sockets installed in areas subject to water injection or momentary immersion shall be in enclosures with a degree of protection of at least [IF56] in accordance with the requirements of (iD4208). This requirement shall also be met when used together with electrical plugs. 13.4 Plugs shall be of the grounding type and shall be provided with a terminal for a protective conductor. 13.5 The location of sockets in the kitchen area shall be such that the cords of various appliances do not need to cross over stoves or sinks or pass through traffic areas when plugged into these sockets.
13.6 Sockets shall only have a voltage consistent with the power supply voltage. Voltage rating. 14 Selection of power supply
14.1 The power supply for the AC system should be one of the following solutions: 8) one shore power cable, power access device line and components, whose capacity can supply power to the required design system load + b) multiple shore power cables, shore power access devices, lines and components, whose capacity can supply power to the required design system load: ) AC power is supplied from the onboard DC system through a transformer; d) onboard AC generator supplies power to the selected system load + e) high-efficiency cable and onboard generator are used together, as long as the circuit of the power cable is connected to 4.6. The design is required so that the load connected to each power source is equal to the load of the power source.
14.2 The capacity of the outgoing power cable alone or the sum of the capacity of the outgoing power cable and the onboard generator shall be at least as large as the required system load. 14.3 If an AC generator is installed, it shall be connected to the distribution system as required in 4.6 or protected as required in 4.7. 14.4 The power feeder conductor from the AC generator shall have a cross-sectional area at least sufficient to transmit the maximum rated output of the generator. The generator side of the conductor shall be protected by an overcurrent protection device, the rating of which shall not exceed 120% of the rated output of the generator.
As an exception, for white-limited (self-regulating) generators whose maximum overcurrent does not exceed 120% of their rated current output, no additional external overcurrent protection is required.
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Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Requirements for conductors
CB/T 18814—2002
Table A.1 shows the continuous current rating (A) allowed for conductors at different temperature levels and the minimum number of strands of the conductors. These numbers are determined based on an ambient temperature of 30°C and are applicable to single conductors and/or bundles of no more than three conductors. For conductors in the cabin (ambient temperature 60°C) or when more than three conductors are bundled together, the maximum current rating in A.1 should be reduced by the following factors: Temperature level of the conductors
S0 CC
Number of bundled conductors
Multiply by the maximum current rating factor in Table A.1
. 0.89
multiplied by the maximum current in Table A, 1: The minimum rated power supply caused by the change of the conductor is the cumulative installation A.1
conductor cross-sectional area, allowable continuous current and the maximum continuous current of a single conductor of the cable/A
product/mmt
absolute rated power
minimum safety factor
general purpose lines should use the least number of conductors with A devices, and in other cases where the commercial frequency is used, the conductors with the least number of B type should be used.
Note: The conductors between the standard and the standard should also be obtained by the method of summing up the equipment. .
GR/T18814-2002
Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Should be included in the Owner's Manual\(ISO 10240) in the instructions KAoNiKAca
If an AC electrical system is installed on the boat, the instructions for the use and maintenance of the system should be listed in the "Owner's Manual", including a wiring diagram with wire identification, and should include at least the following contents. a) The electrical system or related drawings of the boat shall not be modified. Installation, replacement and maintenance shall be carried out by qualified ship electricians, and the system shall be inspected at least every two years.
h) Disconnect the shore power connection when the system is not in use. :) Connect the metal base or external connection of the installed electrical equipment to the dirty protective conductor system (green or green wire with yellow stripes).
d) Use electrical appliances with double-pole insulation or grounding. e) If the reverse polarity indicator is triggered, do not use this electrical system. Before using the electrical system on the boat, the polarity should be eliminated. ↑) Warning
g) Warning
It is not allowed to put the end of the shore power cable into the water. This may produce an electric field that may cause injury or death to nearby swimmers. To minimize the risk of electric shock and fire, turn on the disconnect button before connecting or disconnecting the shore power cable; before connecting the shore power supply, the shore power cable should be connected to the power supply on the boat: first disconnect the shore power cable at the upper power supply; -·--If the reverse polarity indicator is triggered, disconnect the cable immediately; tightly close the shore power connection device.
The connector of the power cable must not be changed, only the corresponding connector should be used. 2) For the non-reactive system, a polarity indicator is required. 3) There is no such requirement for the permanently connected shore power cable installation. 4) The reverse polarity indicator is only required for the system.
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