GB 16796-1997 Safety requirements and test methods for security alarm equipment
Some standard content:
GB16796-1997
In international trade, safety certification is a must. When designing, producing, using, and installing equipment or systems, safety requirements and test methods should be considered first. Since the past, industries such as household appliances, household electronics, medical electrical equipment, electronic measuring instruments, information technology equipment, and electronic flash equipment for photography have formulated national standards for safety requirements. This industry is also in urgent need of formulating similar standards to unify the safety requirements of this industry and lay the foundation for safety certification
Since IECTC79, which is the counterpart of this industry, has not yet formulated a standard corresponding to this standard, and the safety standards of other industries, such as IEC65, IEC950, and IEC348, have not been able to include the safety requirements of this industry, such as lightning protection and laser irradiation protection. Without these requirements, many devices have been damaged by lightning interference in actual use. Therefore, this standard refers to IEC65 and IEC345 in terms of protection against electric shock, overheating, implosion, and ionizing radiation. In terms of laser irradiation protection, IEC825 is used as a reference. In terms of lightning protection, the recommendation K.21 of the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) is adopted as a reference; if the manufacturer has experience in the test according to GB3482 and can determine the appropriate severity level, it can also be implemented according to GB3482. Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D of this standard are all appendices of the standard. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Security Alarm System Standardization Technical Committee. This standard was drafted by the Beijing Chemical Safety Electronic Equipment Factory of the Second Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Chemical Defense Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard: Li Qing
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety requirements and test methodsfor security alarm equipment
Safety requirements and test methodsfor security alarm equipmentGB 16796---1997
This standard specifies the safety requirements and test methods for security alarm equipment, and is the basic basis for the design, manufacture, installation, use and formulation of safety requirements for various types of security alarm equipment. This standard applies to various general and special security alarm devices used in financial, cultural, museum, shops, residences, vehicles and other places. 2 Reference standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB2828-89 Sampling procedures and sampling tables for batch inspection (applicable to inspection of continuous batches) GB3482-83 Lightning test methods for electronic equipment GB4064-83 Guidelines for safety design of electronic equipment GB4208--93 Enclosure protection degree (IP code) GB4706.1-92 General safety requirements for household and similar electrical appliances GB4793-84 Safety requirements for electronic measuring instruments GB5169.7--85 Fire hazard test for electrical and electronic products Bunsen burner type flame test method GB 7247-1995
Radiation safety, equipment classification, requirements and user guide for laser products GB8898-88 Safety requirements for household and similar general purpose electronic and related equipment powered by mains power supply GB/T 14162-93
SJ3270-90
SJ 3271—90
SJ 3272--90
SJ 3273--90
SJ 3274—90
SJ3275—90
SJ 3276—90
Safety requirements for isolation transformers
Safety requirements for isolation capacitors
Safety requirements for resistors
Safety requirements for high-voltage components and assemblies
Safety requirements for single-phase AC power switches
Safety requirements for single-sided paper printed circuit boardsSafety requirements for plugs and power cords
) Cartridge fuse links for small fuseswww.bzxz.net
SJ 3277—90
3 Definitions and symbols
The following definitions are adopted in this standard.
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on May 27, 1997 698
Implemented on March 1, 1998
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 Accessible part accessible part GB 16796--1997
Part that can be touched by standard test finger [see Appendix A (Standard Appendix) (2.6.1 in GB4793--84). 3.1.2 Live part
Part that can cause obvious electric shock when touched (2.6.2 in GB4793--84). 3.1.3 Protective earth terminal protectiveearth terminal A terminal connected to the conductive parts of the instrument for safety, used to connect an external protection system (2.2.3 in GB4793). 3.1.4 Clearance
The shortest distance between conductive parts measured in space (2.4.1 in GB4793-84). 3.1.5 Safety extra-low voltage (SELV) A voltage with an AC effective value not exceeding 50V between conductors or between a conductor and the ground. In a circuit, a safety isolation transformer or a transformer with independent windings is used to isolate it from the power supply (2.3.5 in GB4793-84). 3.1.6 Creepage distance The shortest distance between conductive parts measured along the insulating surface (2.4.2 in GB4793-84). 3.2 Symbols
For safety symbols, see Appendix B (Appendix to the standard). 4 Technical requirements and test methods
4.1 Classification
According to different protection principles, the safety classification of electric shock protection is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 11
4.2 General requirements
4.2.1 Components and materials
The isolation transformers, isolation capacitors, resistors, high-voltage components and assemblies, AC power switches, printed circuit boards, plug power cords, small fuses and other components used in the equipment must be safety certified and comply with the safety requirements of SJ3270, SJ3271, SJ3272, SJ3273, SJ3274, SJ3275, SJ3276, SJ3277. The insulation of the equipment is not allowed to use hygroscopic insulating materials and flammable materials, such as felt, wool, jute, leather, linen, ordinary paper, wood, asbestos, plastics with linen as filler, asbestos fiberboard, etc. 4.2.2 Safety Design Principles
a) Through safety analysis, safety design, and material selection, the system can avoid or reduce various possible dangers; b) All dangers that are difficult to eliminate should be reduced or controlled to meet technical requirements; c) Factors that may cause the system to fail to work, damage equipment, and endanger personal safety should be eliminated as much as possible or protective measures should be added; d) Parts that may be approached during operation cannot have high voltage, burrs, or radioactive substances; dangerous places should be marked or equipped with safety protection devices, and noted in the instruction manual; e)
f) In the event of an accident, measures should be taken to minimize the degree of equipment and personnel losses, and the relevant principles specified in GB4064 should be followed when designing products.
4.2.3 Structural Requirements
The enclosure protection level of security alarm equipment should not be lower than the IP21 requirement in GB4208. The mechanical structure of the equipment should be strong enough to meet the requirements of the use environment and prevent injuries to personnel caused by mechanical instability, movement, protrusions and sharp edges.
4.3 Signs
4.3.1 Marking content
The equipment should have clear markings:
Model or specified code;
Manufacturer's name or trademark;
Rated input voltage,
Rated input power;
Rated current of fuse tube:
Polarity of DC power supply;
Safety class level;
h) Safety symbol.
GB 16796-1997
If the above content cannot be marked on the equipment, it should be given in the manual. Test method: Visual inspection.
4.3.2 Abrasion resistance of marking
The marking should not be easily erased.
Test method: Wipe with a cotton ball dipped in water for 15s, and then wipe with a cloth soaked in gasoline for 15s. After wiping, the marking should not be illegible. 4.4 Protection against electric shock
4.4.1 Accessible parts
Accessible parts (including operating shafts, handles, terminals and housings, etc.) should not be charged, and live parts must be protected by covering materials or insulating materials. Test method: Use a voltmeter (or oscilloscope) with an internal resistance of not less than 50kα for detection, with one end of the meter connected to the ground and the other end connected to the accessible part. If the measured conditions meet the following conditions, they are considered to be non-charged: a) The voltage does not exceed 50V, and the discharge at the antenna terminal does not exceed 4.5uC; b) When the voltage exceeds 50V, the current flowing through the 2ka non-inductive resistor is measured, and its AC value does not exceed 0.7mA, and the products used in tropical areas do not exceed 0.3mA, and the apparent:
-For a voltage of 450V (peak), the capacitance to ground does not exceed 0.10644μF (rated value); for a voltage of 450V to 15kV (peak), the discharge does not exceed 45pC; -For a voltage exceeding 15kV (peak), the electrical energy does not exceed 350mJ. The discharge to ground should be measured immediately after shutting down. When the frequency exceeds 1kHz, the maximum safe current should be the product of 0.7mA (peak) and the kilohertz rate, but the maximum value is 70mA (peak).
The current value or voltage value between two accessible parts should also meet the above requirements. 4.4.2 Creepage distance and clearance
1. The creepage distance and clearance of circuit components of Class I equipment that are conductively connected to the mains power supply or to the measurement and control circuit shall at least comply with the provisions of Table 1 according to the rated voltage during normal operation. If they do not comply with the provisions, they shall be subjected to the test of 4.4.11. Table 1 Electrical distances and electrical clearances Rated voltage, V DC or sine Effective value >24~60 >60~130 AC peak or AC/DC combined voltage >34~85 >85~184 Class 1 equipment Clearance Creepage distance Rated voltage, V DC or sine Effective value >130~250 >250~450 >450~660 >660~1 000
≥>1 000～1 500
>1 500~～2 000
AC peak value or AC/DC
combined voltage
184～350
>350~630
>630~933
>933～1400
≥1 400～2 100
2 100~2 800
GB16796—1997
Table 1 (end)
【Class equipment
Electrical clearance
Creep distance
Class 1 equipment
Electrical clearance
4(3)
Creep distance
Note: The values in brackets are applicable to small components (printed circuit boards, micro-components) and parts that do not have a large spacing distance in design and manufacturing, and this value is only allowed when the structure can strictly ensure that the gap will not be reduced after the components and parts are installed in the equipment. Test method: Measure with a measuring tool.
4.4.3 Dielectric strength
The power plug or power input terminal of the security alarm equipment and the exposed metal parts of the shell should be able to withstand the 45~65Hz AC voltage dielectric strength test specified in Table 2, and there should be no breakdown or arcing after 1 minute. Table 2 Dielectric strength
Rated voltage Ui, V
DC or sine effective value
0~60
61~125
126250
251~500
AC peak or synthetic voltage
0~85
177~354
355~707
2Ui ten dry volts
Test method: The test sample is kept at a relative humidity of 91%~95%, After pre-treatment with moisture at 28℃～30℃ for 48h (products used in tropical areas at 40℃±2℃ for 120h), take it out of the humidity box immediately. When the power plug is not inserted into the power supply and the power switch is turned on, gradually apply the test voltage at a rate of 200V/min between the power plug or the power input terminal and the shell or the exposed metal parts of the shell. The maximum output current of the test equipment shall not be less than 5mA. Keep it at the specified value for 1min. No arcing or breakdown shall occur, and then it shall drop steadily to zero. If there is no conductive part in the shell, a layer of metal conductor shall be wrapped around the shell of the equipment. The test voltage applied between the metal conductor and the power input terminal shall meet the above requirements.
4.4.4 Insulation resistance
a) The insulation resistance between the power plug or the power input terminal of the security alarm equipment and the shell or the exposed metal parts of the shell shall not be less than 5MQ for reinforced insulation products and not less than 2MQ for ordinary insulation products (1MQ for Class II). For equipment with a working voltage exceeding 500V, the above insulation resistance value shall be multiplied by a coefficient equal to the working voltage divided by 500 V.
Test method: When the power plug is not inserted into the power supply and the power switch is turned on, a 500V (100V for class) DC voltage is applied between the power plug or the power input terminal and the exposed metal parts of the shell for 5s, and then the insulation resistance is measured immediately. If there is no conductive part in the shell, a layer of metal conductor is wrapped around the shell of the equipment, and the insulation resistance value between the metal conductor and the power input terminal is measured. b) The insulation resistance after the surge test is carried out in accordance with the provisions of 10.1 of GB8898-88 shall not be less than 2MΩ. Test method: Carry out in accordance with the provisions of 10.1 of GB8898-88. Note: Equipment without antenna connection terminals shall not be subject to test b). 701
GB16796—1997
4.4.5 Protective earthing terminal
There should be a good direct connection between the protective earthing terminal of Class 1 equipment and the accessible conductive parts, and the contact resistance should not be greater than 0.52. Test method: Use visual inspection to check and measure the resistance value between the accessible conductive parts and the protective earthing terminal. The current should be 10A during measurement. The voltage drop between the two ends measured by a voltmeter should not exceed 5.0V. The power-on duration is 1min. 4.4.6 Leakage current
1. The leakage current value of Class II equipment during operation should not exceed the provisions of Table 3. Sub-class equipment is not subject to leakage current test. Table 3 Leakage current
Direct connection
Protective earthing terminal
Indirect connection
Protective earthing terminal
Leakage current!
AC 5mA(PP)
DC 5mA
AC 5mA(PP)
Note: See Appendix C (Standard Appendix) for the measurement circuit diagram. Leakage current 12
AC 0.7 mA(PP)
DC 0.7 mA(PP)
AC 0.7 mA(PP)
DC 2mA
Measurement circuit
Connect as shown in Figure C1
Connect as shown in Figure C2
Connect as shown in Figure C3
Test method: The test sample is placed on an insulating table and powered with 1.1 times the maximum rated power supply voltage until the temperature reaches equilibrium. The measurement conversion switch and the power switch can be combined arbitrarily to read the indication of the ammeter. The internal resistance of the ammeter is 2k2 (including the external series resistance of the ammeter). 4.4.7 Automatic protection
When the voltage exceeds 4.4 during operation.1b) The high-voltage circuit specified should have an automatic discharge circuit. When the high voltage is cut off, it should be discharged to below 24V within 2s.
Test method: After the equipment has been working for 30min, the high voltage is cut off or the AC power plug is unplugged, and the time is measured with a digital stopwatch. After 2s, the voltage at that point or the voltage between the two pins of the plug is immediately measured with a multimeter. 4.4.8 Power cord
The power cord of Class 1 safety equipment must use a three-core power cord, and the ground wire must be firmly connected to the protective grounding terminal of the equipment. Other requirements for the power cord should comply with the requirements of SJ3276. Test method: Visual inspection and test according to SJ3276. 4.4.9 Fuse
Safety alarm equipment should have a fuse or measures to limit the input current. When the fuse blows, the protective grounding should not be disconnected. The rated current of the fuse should ensure that the circuit can be safely cut off when the predetermined temperature is reached. Test method: Check during the fault condition test. 4.4.10 High-voltage marking
If the current at the moment of connection is greater than 2.0mA and the high voltage is above 1.5kV in the safety alarm equipment, the high-voltage symbol and the value should be indicated at the appropriate position (see Appendix B). Test method: visual inspection.
4.4.11 Test under fault conditions
Based on the structure and schematic diagram of the equipment, determine the fault conditions that are likely to cause damage. According to the most convenient principle, the following fault conditions should be applied in sequence without damaging the equipment, causing combustion or electric shock. a) Reverse polarity of power supply;
b) Short circuit of output terminal;
c) Touching input terminal by hand;
GB16796-1997
d) Misconnection between leads (except for leads that are not misconnected due to structural limitations); e) Stop forced cooling of electric fan;
f) Short circuit of secondary winding of transformer, short circuit of primary winding and secondary winding, if there is iron core and shield, each winding is short circuited with iron core and shield;
g) Short circuit of two poles of capacitor, if there is shell, each pole is short circuited with metal shell. If there is fault display in the above test, test for 2 minutes; if there is no fault display, test for 4 hours. During the test, the equipment should not be damaged, cause burning or electric shock.
Note: Fuse disconnection or failure to work normally is considered as fault display. 4.5 Lightning protection
a) The equipment should be installed within the range of lightning protection to prevent direct lightning strikes; b) For equipment equipped with antennas, there should be a 5.1MQ resistor or lightning protection device between the indoor antenna socket and the ground; c) At the entry end of the mains power line, antenna feeder, remote control line and long lines connecting probes, controllers, etc., protective measures should be taken and there should be a protective grounding terminal.
Test method: Visual inspection and test according to the test method of GB3482. The severity level is specified by the product standard; when the product standard does not specify the severity level, the test method specified in CCITT Recommendation K.21 shall be used, see Appendix D (Appendix to the standard). 4.6 Overheating protection
The equipment should be able to work safely under normal working conditions, should not catch fire after being heated; should not spread when ignited; and there should be no danger of burns when the operator touches the accessible parts.
4.6.1 Temperature rise
4.6.1.1 For manned equipment, when the ambient temperature is 25°C ± 2°C, the temperature of the front panel and operating controller of the equipment should not exceed 49°C, and the exposed parts including the equipment housing should not exceed 65°C. Test method: Use a spot thermometer to measure the surface temperature. 4.6.1.2 The temperature rise of the power transformer, relay and other heat-generating parts in the equipment should not exceed the specified value of the part after continuous operation for 4 hours under high temperature working conditions.
Test method: For copper windings, use a digital milliohmmeter to measure the winding resistance at the beginning and end of the test, and use a thermometer to measure the ambient air temperature at the beginning and end of the test. The temperature rise △t is calculated according to the following formula: At=RR(234. 5 +t) -(ta -t)
Wherein: R2
Winding resistance at the end of the test, 2;
Winding resistance at the beginning of the test, ;
t—Ambient air temperature at the beginning of the test, ℃; t2—Ambient air temperature at the end of the test, C. For aluminum windings, 225 should be used instead of 234.5 in the formula. 4.6.2 Flame retardant
Equipment with non-metallic casing should have flame retardant casing. After being burned 5 times with a flame, each time for 5 seconds, it should not burn or catch fire. Test method: Use a Bunsen burner, the combustion gas is methane or natural gas, the flame diameter is 9.5mm, of which the blue flame height is 20mm, and use this flame to burn the sample 5 times (burn 3 times when the angle between the flame and the sample surface is 45°, and burn 2 times when it is 90°). Burn for 5s each time, and there should be no burning. Refer to GB5169.7 for implementation.
4.7 Prevention of implosion and explosion
For safety alarm equipment, devices that are prone to implosion or explosion due to overheating or overload should have safety measures to prevent implosion and mechanical impact.
Test method: Check by visual method.
4.8 Laser irradiation protection
4.8.1 Safety threshold
GB 16796—1997
For equipment with laser radiation, the light radiation energy entering the human eye during operation shall not exceed one of the following safety thresholds: Continuous wave CW laser: 1×10-6W/cm2; Non-Q-switched laser: 1×10-°J/cm2. Test method: According to the radiation band of the light source, select the corresponding irradiance meter and laser power meter. For the non-light-transmitting working area at a distance of 5cm from the equipment, the irradiance value of the leaked light shall not exceed the allowable value; for the light-transmitting working area, the irradiance value shall be measured at a distance of 1m from the equipment. If it exceeds the allowable value, protective measures shall be taken according to GB7247. 4.8.2 Protective measures
a) There should be a good light shield to prevent the leakage of scattered light radiation exceeding the allowable value; b) Laser light sources above 5mW should be equipped with an alarm device to issue a warning or indication during operation; c) The light port of laser light sources above 0.5W should be equipped with a light valve; d) Necessary information should be provided in the manual: wavelength or wavelength range; beam diameter and divergence angle; maximum average output power; maximum beam emission intensity; safe use guidance.
Test method: visual inspection.
4.9 Protection against ionizing radiation
Unless otherwise specified, the exposure rate at any position 5cm away from the outer surface of the equipment shall not exceed 50μSv/h. Test method: Measured with an exposure rate meter. 4.10 Protection against microwave radiation
Unless otherwise specified, the average power density of microwave radiation at any position 5cm away from the outer surface of the microwave radiation equipment shall not exceed 0.01mW/cm2, and shall not exceed 5mW/cm2 on the main window. This requirement applies to spurious radiation with a frequency between 10MHz and 100GHz, but does not apply to components used to transmit microwave radiation, such as waveguide output ends.
Test method: Measure with a microwave leakage energy meter. 4.11 Anti-ultrasonic pressure
The ultrasonic pressure at each point near the equipment where the operator is located shall not exceed the limit value. The provisional limit value for frequencies in the range of 20~100kHz is 110dB (based on 10-12W/m2). Test method: Check with an ultrasonic power meter. 5 Inspection rules
5.1 Test classification
All tests specified in this standard are identification tests, and the number of samples to be drawn is 2~~5 sets. 4.3, 4.4.3, 4.4.4, 4.4.5, and 4.4.7 specified in this standard are quality consistency inspections, and the number of samples to be drawn is randomly drawn according to GB2828.
When a third party independently conducts a supervised sampling inspection on the product, it shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T14162. Except for 4.3, which is a Class C failure, the rest are Class A failures. The supervision quality levels of Class A, B, and C are 1, 4, and 10 respectively, and random sampling is carried out according to the inspection level I or II. 5.2 Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the test is usually carried out under the following conditions: temperature: 15℃~～35℃;
Relative humidity: 20%~80%;
Air pressure: 86~106kPa.
The test sample is in the normal use position, the power supply voltage is within the rated range of the product standard, and the power supply value is arbitrarily selected according to the most unfavorable combination.
5.3 Test evaluation
GB16796-1997
All items of the identification test must be qualified before it is considered passed. If one item or one machine does not meet the requirements, the cause should be analyzed and measures should be taken to test the item again. If it still fails, it is considered that the identification test has not passed; if it passes, it is considered to have passed. For the evaluation of quality consistency tests, the continuously produced products shall be judged according to the judgment numbers specified in GB2828. When a third party independently conducts supervisory sampling inspection on the products, the judgment shall be made in accordance with the provisions of GB/T14162. 705
Dimension unit: mm
Tolerance:
Angle±5″
Linear dimension
Less than 25mm
Greater than 25mm2±0.2
Insulating material
GB 16796--1997
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Articulated test finger
Cylindrical
GB16796-1997
Appendix B
(Appendix to the standard)
Safety signs and symbols
AC and DC
1A fuse tube
Protective ground terminal
Measurement ground terminal
Ionizing radiation
Strong light or laser
Note: The above signs can be used in combination, and text can also be added, such as 1kv reserve
Border symbol black
Background yellow
GB16796-1997
Appendix C
(Appendix to the standard)
Leakage Current measuring device
1. Touchable conductive parts or metal foil wrapped around the instrument; 2-Mains power supply; 3--Changeover switch; 4-Protective earthing terminal; 5--Measurement earthing terminal 6-Switch; 7-Protective insulation Appendix D
(Standard Appendix)
Capacity of user terminals to withstand overvoltage and overcurrent (Urbonne, 1988)
CCITT Study Group V has developed this recommendation to meet the urgent needs of the competent authorities and manufacturers who use or design user equipment. Please note that CCIIT is further studying the following topics: - Rise of ground potential;
-Fast transients of electricity;
-Various operating tests of barriers between mains ports and telecommunication ports; Surges of high-frequency power voltage;
Short interruptions of mains voltage.
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.