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Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
50179-93
Code for Liquid Flow Measurment in Open Channels
1993-07-19
1994-02-01
State Bureau of Technical Supervision
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Jointly Issued
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
River Flow Measurment
GB50179-93
Editor Department: Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China Standard department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China February 1, 1994
Effective date:
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Notice on the release of the national standard
"River Flow Measurement Specification"
Jianbiao [1993] No. 544
According to the requirements of the State Planning Commission's Document No. Jizong [1986] 250, the "River Flow Measurement Specification" jointly formulated by the Ministry of Water Resources and relevant departments has been reviewed by relevant departments. The "River Flow Measurement Specification" GB50179-93 is now approved as a mandatory national standard and will be implemented from February 1, 1994.
This specification is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources, and its specific interpretation and other work is the responsibility of the Hydrological Bureau of the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, and its publication and distribution is organized by the Standard and Quota Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction.
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
July 19, 1993
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Preparation Statement
This specification is compiled by the Hydrological Bureau of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources in conjunction with relevant units in accordance with the requirements of the State Planning Commission's Document No. 250 [1986]. During the compilation of this specification, the specification compilation team conducted extensive investigations and studies, carefully summarized the practical experience of flow measurement in my country, referred to relevant international standards and advanced foreign standards, carried out scientific research and experimental verification work on major technical issues, and widely solicited opinions from relevant units across the country. Finally, our ministry and relevant departments reviewed and finalized the draft.
Since this specification is compiled for the first time, in the process of implementation, we hope that all units will combine engineering practice and scientific research, carefully summarize experience, and pay attention to accumulating data. If you find that there is a need for modification and supplementation, please send your opinions and relevant materials to the Hydrological Bureau of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission of our Ministry (No. 1155, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Postal Code 430010) for reference in future revisions.
Ministry of Water Resources
December 1991
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Selection of Test River Sections and Establishment of Sections Section 1
Section 2
Chapter 3
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Chapter 4
Section 1||t t||Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Chapter 5
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Selection of the test section
Survey and section layout of the test section
Section measurement
Large cross-section measurement
Waterway cross-section measurement
Error sources and control
Flow measurement by velocity meter
General provisions·
Layout of vertical line for velocity measurement.
Velocity measurement
Flow direction deviation measurement·
Other project observations
Inspection and maintenance of main velocity measurement instruments
Flow measurement in dry season.
Calculation of measured flow…
Error sources and control|| tt||Float method for flow measurement
General provisions
Surface buoy method·
Deepwater buoy and floating rod method
Small buoy method..
Section 5
Other project observations.
Test and determination of buoy coefficient
Section 6
Calculation of measured flow
Section 7
Engineering construction standard full text information system
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Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Error Source and Control
Section 8
Chapter 6
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Chapter 7
Section 1
Section 2
Section Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Chapter 8
Section 1
Section 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
High flood flow measurement
General provisions.
Special power electricity charges
Optimal selection of high flood flow measurement scheme
High flood flow measurement by gradient-area method
Error sources and control
Total uncertainty of flow measurement Accuracy estimation
General provisions
Flow measurement error
Flow measurement error test using velocity meter method
Estimation of random uncertainty of each component of flow measurement Determination of uncertainty of each component
Total uncertainty of flow measurement
Inspection and analysis of flow measurement results
Inspection and analysis of single measurement test results
Analysis of measuring station characteristics·
Methods for measuring width and depth of sections
Deflection angle processing method
Methods for determining the direction of flow measurement sections
Velocity meter Allowable error of flow measurement and scheme selection…Optimal selection of high flood flow test scheme
Terms used in this specification
Additional explanation
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Engineering 2 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Chapter 1 General
Article 1·0·1 This specification is formulated to unify the technical requirements of flow measurement methods and analysis and calculation of hydrological stations across the country, ensure the accuracy of flow measurement, and provide reliable basic data.
This specification is applicable to flow measurement of natural rivers, lakes, reservoirs, artificial rivers, tidal and evening influences, and river sections near construction projects. Article 1·0·3 National basic hydrological stations should be divided into three categories according to the accuracy of flow measurement. The classification of hydrological stations of different accuracy should comply with the provisions of Table 1·0·3. Classification of hydrological stations of various types of accuracy Hydrological stations of various types of accuracy Hydrological stations of various types of accuracy Hydrological stations of various types of accuracy Test accuracy requirements Hydrological stations should reach the possible accuracy that can be obtained by existing test means and methods. According to the test conditions, they should reach the requirements of station setting tasks for use accuracy. The main tasks of the measuring station are to collect and explore the long series of samples required for exploring the changing laws of hydrological characteristic values over time and along the length of the river and the data required for flood control. Collect and explore the water Representative series of sample data required for the variation patterns of characteristic values along the river and in the region should be collected to explore the production and confluence patterns and runoff variation patterns of small rivers under various underlying surface conditions, as well as the representative requirements for series in hydrological analysis and calculation. Table 1·0·3 Catchment area (km2) Humid area<10000≥200Arid and semi-arid area<10000When a hydrological station needs to be adjusted due to restrictions on the station control and test conditions, the accuracy category can be reduced by one.
Article 1·0·4 For hydrological stations with a catchment area equal to or greater than 10,000 km2 of Class I precision engineering construction standard full text information system
Engineering construction standard full text information system
, and hydrological stations with a catchment area of less than 10,000 km2 of various precision that do not meet the conditions of patrol measurement and intermittent measurement, flow measurement should be carried out through annual station measurement or flood season station measurement. Article 1·0·5 For hydrological stations with a catchment area of less than 10,000 km2 of various precision that meet one of the following conditions, the flow measurement can be carried out through patrol measurement: 1. The relationship between water level and flow is a single line, the flow determination line can reach the specified accuracy, and it is not necessary to measure the peak flow and flood flow process. 2. The measuring station that implements intermittent measurement and carries out testing during the suspension period. 3. The relationship between water level and flow in the dry and ice seasons is relatively stable or the flow changes slowly, and the flow is estimated using patrol measurement data, and the error of annual runoff is within the allowable range. 4. Regular flow measurement is carried out during the dry season.
5. For stations where the relationship between water level and flow is not in a single line, when they are close to the patrol base, have convenient transportation and communication, and can measure flow in time according to changes in water conditions. Article 1.0.6 For hydrological stations of various precisions with a catchment area of less than 10,000 km2, if there is data for more than 10 years to prove that the water level fluctuation of the measured flow has controlled the water level fluctuation of previous years (including flood and dry years) by more than 80%, and the water level-flow relationship in previous years is a single line, and if one of the following conditions is met, intermittent measurement may be implemented: 1. The maximum deviation between the annual water level-flow relationship curve and the comprehensive relationship curve of previous years does not exceed the allowable error range. 2. If the maximum deviation between the curves of each adjacent year does not exceed the allowable error range, measurement may be stopped for one year.
3. Within part of the annual water level fluctuation range, when the water level-flow relationship is a single line and meets the conditions specified in the first paragraph of this article, intermittent measurement may be implemented within part of the water level level of the year.
4. The relationship between water level and flow is a compound loop, and the conditions specified in the first or second paragraph of this article can be met by processing the relationship between water level and flow in a single value. 5. During the dry season, the flow does not change much, the total amount of dry runoff accounts for less than 5% of the total annual runoff, and there is no need to measure the flow process during this period. According to the analysis of many years of data, it is proved that the relationship between monthly runoff and its previous runoff or precipitation and other factors can be established and reach the specified accuracy.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
6. For tidal current stations, when there are many years of data proving that the relationship between tidal elements and tidal current is relatively stable.
Article 1·0·7 During the inter-measurement period, when rare floods or dry seasons occur, or when it is found that human activities such as water conservancy project measures have a significant impact on the control conditions of the measuring station, normal flow measurement work should be resumed. For those who carry out testing during the inter-measurement period, when the test results exceed the allowable error range, the reasons should be checked immediately, and the number of tests should be increased or normal flow measurement should be restored. Article 1.0.8 The arrangement of the number of flow tests should comply with the following provisions: 1. The number of flow tests at the hydrological station in a year must be reasonably distributed at the turning points of each water level and water regime change process based on the water flow characteristics of high, medium and low water levels, the control conditions of the measuring station and the test accuracy requirements, so as to grasp the changes in water conditions in each period. The number of measurements at the measuring station with a stable water level-flow relationship should not be less than 15 times a year. The number of measurements at the measuring station with an unstable water level-flow relationship should meet the requirements for calculating daily flow and various characteristic values. When the water level of floods and low waters exceeds the measured flow in previous years, the number of measurements should be increased for the excess part. 2. The tidal flow test should be arranged according to the representative tidal periods determined by the test data. The number of tidal flow velocity measurements in each tidal period should be appropriately distributed according to the size and urgency of the flow velocity changes at each measuring station, so as to accurately grasp the turning point of the flow velocity change during the whole tidal process.
3. The distribution of flow measurement times for frozen rivers should be based on the principle of controlling the flow change process or the ice age correction coefficient change process. If the drifting ice period is less than five days, the flow measurement should be carried out once every 1-2 days, and if it exceeds five days, the flow measurement should be carried out once every 2-3 days. The number of measurements during the stable freezing period can be appropriately reduced compared with the drifting ice period. Additional measurements can be made before freezing and after thawing. For stations with large daily flow changes, the representative measurement time within a day should be determined through experimental analysis of increased measurements. 4. The number of flow measurements at the initial stage of a newly established station should be increased compared with the provisions of the first paragraph of this article.
Article 1·0·9 For the various accuracies specified in this specification, representative stations should be selected to collect and accumulate test data for a long time for inspection. Article 1·0·10 The instruments used for inspection and other flow inspection methods other than those specified in this specification should comply with the provisions of the relevant current national standards. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Selection of Test River Section and Establishment of Section
Second Grass
Section 1 Selection of Test River SectionwwW.bzxz.Net
Article 2·1·1 The test river section shall meet the purpose of station establishment, ensure the accuracy of test data, and meet the requirements of convenient observation and easy calculation and collation of test data. And shall comply with the following provisions:
, the test river section shall be selected in the upstream river section where stone beams, rapids, bends, checkpoints and artificial weirs are easy to form section control. Among them, the upstream river section of stone beams, rapids and checkpoints should be 5 times the width of the river away from the section control, or be selected in the river section where the bottom slope, section shape, roughness and other factors of the river channel are relatively stable and are easily affected by the resistance along the river channel to form the river channel control. There are no huge rocks blocking the water in the river section, and there are no huge vortices, turbulence and other phenomena. 2. When the section control and the river channel control occur at different locations in a certain river section, the section controlled by the section should be selected as the test section. In the river sections with the same control characteristics, the narrow and deep river section with larger water depth should be selected as the test section. Article 2.1.2 The test river section should be straight, stable, with concentrated water flow, without diversion, oblique flow, backflow, dead water and other phenomena. The length of the straight river section should be greater than 3 times the width of the main river channel during floods. It is advisable to avoid the influence of large tributaries or large water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs that produce variable backwater. And it should meet the following regulations: 1. On the river in the plain area, the river section is required to be straight and uniform, the whole river section should have a roughly consistent river width, water depth and gradient, and the single river channel riverbed should not be overgrown with aquatic plants. When it is necessary to set up a station in a wandering river section, it is advisable to avoid choosing places where the river bank is prone to collapse and near variable sandbars. 2. On tidal rivers, it is advisable to choose river sections with narrower river surface, good visibility, simpler cross-section and less affected by wind and waves. If conditions permit, test stations can use bridges and weirs to arrange tests.
3. The test river section for weir stations at the outlet of reservoirs and lakes should be selected downstream of the building to avoid large fluctuations and abnormal turbulence of the water flow. When it is difficult to test downstream and there is a long straight river section upstream of the building, the test river section can be selected upstream of the building.
4. The test river section of frozen rivers should not be selected in places with ice accumulation, ice jams, and ice dams. For layers of ice and waterFor river sections with multiple ice layers, the sections with simpler ice conditions should be carefully visited and observed. For special terrain and geographical conditions, the sections without ice should be selected as the test sections.
Article 2.1·3
When the measuring station adopts other flow measurement methods other than the current meter method, the selection of the test river section should comply with the following provisions: 1. For the river section measured by the buoy method, the length of the straight section should be greater than twice the distance between the upper and lower buoy sections. The section in the buoy should be representative, without large cross-channels or backflows. There should be signal connection and good visibility between the sections. 2. For the river section measured by the gradient-area method, the straight section should meet the length required for the gradient observation accuracy, the slope contour lines on both sides are close to parallel, the horizontal gradient of the water surface is very small, the vertical gradient is uniform without obvious turning points, and the islands, shoals, river sections with divided Han and obvious diffusion-type river sections must be avoided.
2. The length of the straight river section for the flow measurement method of the water measuring structure should be greater than 5 times the maximum water surface width of the river channel. The water flow in the river channel section should be smooth, the river channel section should be regular, the flow velocity distribution in the section should be symmetrical and uniform, and there should be no rocks, mounds, water plants and other water obstructions on the riverbed and the bank. When the natural river channel cannot meet the above requirements, it must be artificially regulated to meet the hydraulic conditions of the flow measurement of the water measuring structure, and the river sections with steep and rapid water flow should be avoided.
4. The test river section for the dilution method can be selected on the river sections with bends, narrows, shoals, reefs, waterfalls, no water plants and dead water areas. There should be no increase or loss of water in the test river section, and tributaries should be avoided from entering, diverting or overflowing the river bank. The length of the test river section should allow the tracer injected into the water flow to be fully mixed naturally. Article 2·1·4 The test river section should always maintain good flood discharge and visibility conditions within a certain range of upstream and downstream of the river beach on both sides below the highest flood level near the measurement marks and test facilities.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Section 2 Survey and Section Layout of Test River Section Article 2·2·1 When determining the location of the test river section and laying out the sections, the basin geology, landforms, landforms, river characteristics, engineering measures and resource development planning should be carefully surveyed and investigated. The river flow should also be surveyed to understand the length of the curved and straight sections of the river channel, the ability of the two banks and levees to control floods, and whether there are overflow gaps. Article 2·2·2 The survey of river characteristics should include the following basic contents: 1. Investigate the location of the control section and identify the stability of the section control or river channel control.
2. Investigate whether the diversion, cross-ditch, backflow, dead water and the width of the beach are convenient for arranging test facilities. Survey several river sections in the initially selected river section and map the velocity distribution of one of the sections.
Third, understand the riverbed composition, cross-sectional shape, scouring and silting changes, the history of riverbed rise and fall, and the history of river channel changes, as well as the main channel, velocity, flow direction and changes of each water level, and survey the distribution of rocks, gravel, pebbles, boulders, sand, loam, clay, silt, etc. on the borehole bed along the test river section.
Fourth, understand the season and range of aquatic plant growth, the time of freezing and drifting ice, the location of ice dams and ice jams, and the height of water congestion.
Article 2·2·3 The test river section for non-tidal stations should be selected outside the range of variable backwater, and the probability of occurrence and propagation distance of variable backwater downstream should be determined in accordance with the following provisions: 1. When there are hydraulic structures downstream of the test river section, the backwater calculation data under the highest designed flood level of the hydraulic structure at the nearest location downstream should be referred to determine whether it is affected, and the project management unit or individual should be asked about the backwater propagation distance that has been seen or observed. 2. When there are rivers or lakes converging within a certain distance downstream of the test river section, the probability of backwater occurrence, the maximum propagation distance, etc. should be learned from the local people. Article 2·2·4 When selecting the test plan and equipment, the degree of flood rise and fall, the highest and lowest water levels in history and the maximum floodplain boundary should be understood, the maximum and minimum flow rates should be roughly estimated, and the source of the flood and the causes of soil erosion and debris flow should be investigated. Article 2·2·5 The investigation of the natural geographical conditions of the basin should include the following contents: Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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