Revision survey specifications for the national primary scale topographic maps
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Revision survey specifications for the national primary scale topographic maps 1 Subject content and scope of application
GB 14268--93
This standard specifies the principles, plans, methods and accuracy requirements for the revision and survey of five national primary scale topographic maps (hereinafter referred to as basic maps), namely 1:5000, 1:10000, 1:25000, 1+50000 and 1:100000. This standard is applicable to the revision and survey of basic maps. 2 Reference standards
GB/T 1397715000, 1:10000 topographic map aerial photogrammetry field specifications GB/T139901:5000, 1:10000 topographic map aerial photogrammetry internal specifications GB 57911:5000.1:10000 topographic map diagram GB123411:25000.1:50000.1:100000 topographic map aerial photogrammetry field specifications GB123401:25000, 1:50000.1:100000 topographic map aerial photogrammetry internal specifications GB123421:25000.1:50 000.1:100000 topographic map format GB123431:25000, 1:50000 topographic map compilation specification GH123441:100000 topographic map compilation specification ZBA75002 Inspection and acceptance rules for surveying and mapping products 3 Terminology
3.1 Topographic map revision survey To revise and supplement the changed topographic elements in the topographic map according to the actual situation on the ground. 3.2 Complete revision survey To survey and map all the landform elements and attributes that should be shown on the topographic map, and to revise and survey the landform elements that have changed accordingly due to the change of the landform.
3.3 Partial revision survey To revise and survey some of the topographic elements in the topographic map. 3. 4 Fast revisian survey Fast revisian survey is to conduct revising of some important land features in a relatively short period of time. 4 General Principles
4. 1 Basic map revising The purpose of basic map revising is to improve the timeliness and practicality of topographic maps on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of basic maps, so as to meet the needs of various economic construction departments.
Approved by the State Administration of Inspection and Technical Supervision on April 2, 1993 and implemented on November 1, 1993
4.2 Basic map revising plan
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Basic map revising plan can be divided into the following three types according to the size of the change rate of terrain elements: comprehensive revising;
b. Partial revising:
Fast revising.
4. 3 Basis and requirements for basic map revising The basic map to be revising is referred to as the original basic map. The basic map after revising is referred to as the revising map. 4.3.1 The accuracy, specifications and contents of the revised maps after comprehensive or partial revision shall meet the requirements of GB/T13977, GB/T13990, GB12341, GB12340 (the four specifications are referred to as the current specifications) and GB5791, GB12342 (the two drawings are referred to as the current drawings). 4.3.2 The accuracy, specifications and contents of the revised maps after rapid revision shall adopt the specifications and drawings implemented when surveying the original basic maps. 4.3.3 The operation requirements and tolerance regulations mentioned in this standard shall be based on the current specifications of the corresponding scale topographic maps. 4.4 Basic map revision according to
4. 4.1 When the basic map has any of the following situations, revision work should be carried out. 4.4.1.1 The change rate of the terrain elements of the original map exceeds 20%, but is less than 50%. 4.4.1.2 Although the change rate of the terrain elements of the basic map does not exceed 20%, some important features in the map have undergone significant changes. 4.4.1.3 The basic map revision cycle may be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Table 1. Table 1
Economically developed areas
Economically medium-developed areas
Economically underdeveloped areas
Quick revision
As needed
As needed
As needed
Note: Table 1 represents 1:5000, 1:1000 topographic map; 1 represents 1/25006, 150000 topographic map and 1 represents 1:1000 topographic map.
4.4.1.4 The needs of the map-using departments.
Overall
1 center～15
20 or more
4.4.2 When the change rate of local elements exceeds 50%, no revision shall be carried out. 4.5 Number of revisions of basic map
4. 5. 1 Only one quick revision is allowed for the same map. 4.5.2 The overall revision and peripheral revision of the same map shall not exceed 3 times. 4.6 Requirements for plane coordinate conversion and elevation conversion 10-15
20 and above
Local survey
15~-20
20 and above
When conducting comprehensive survey or local survey, the plane coordinate system of the original basic map marked with "1951 Beijing coordinate system\ and\1956 Yellow Sea elevation system" shall be converted to "1980 Xi'an coordinate system"; the elevation system shall be converted to\1985 National Elevation System. Cheng Jiya". 4.6.1 When revising the original basic map annotated with "1954 Beijing Coordinate System", the revised map should be based on the "1980 Xi'an Coordinate System", and the outline points and kilometer grid points and various control points and encryption points should be displayed, and the whole area should be renovated and measured (edited). 4.6.2 When revising the original basic map annotated with "1956 Yellow Sea Elevation System", it is necessary to compare the "1956 Yellow Sea Elevation System" with the "1985 National Elevation Base":
a. If the difference between the two is less than or equal to 10rm (referring to the actual, the same below), the original map elevation system can be directly changed to "the elevation adopts the 1985 National Elevation Datum\
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h. If the difference between the two is greater than 10cm, it is necessary to perform elevation conversion and uniformly change to the "1985 National Elevation Datum". The elevation system note is changed to "The elevation adopts the 1985 National Elevation Standard". 4.7 Requirements for aerial photographic data
4.7.1 The aerial photographic data used for survey and revision shall meet the requirements of the current aerial photography specifications for the corresponding scale. 4.7.2 The current requirements for the aerial photographic data provided for survey and revision are: a. Economically developed areas shall not exceed 2 years;
Economically moderately developed areas shall not exceed 3 years; and economically underdeveloped areas shall not exceed 6 years.
5 Principles for selecting survey and revision plans
5.1 Comprehensive survey and revision plan
When the original basic map has the following situations, the survey and revision shall be carried out according to the comprehensive survey and revision plan: a. The change rate of the ground feature elements is between 30% and 50%, and there is no substantial change in the landform elements b. The number of revisions does not exceed the provisions of Articles 4, 5, and 2, but the comprehensive survey and revision cycle has been reached. 5.2 Local Survey and Revision Plan
When the original basic map has any of the following situations, the local survey and revision plan shall be used for survey and revision; 9. The change rate of terrain elements is 20%-30% or the change rate of terrain elements is 20%-50% 1. The number of survey and revisions does not exceed the provisions of Article 4.5.2, but the local survey and revision cycle has been reached. 5.3 Rapid Survey and Revision Plan
When the change rate of terrain elements in the original basic map is less than 20%, but one of the following situations occurs, the rapid survey and revision plan can be used for survey and revision: a. A certain important feature in the map has undergone a significant change; h. A new important feature has been added.
6 Survey and Revision Operation Method
After the survey and revision plan is determined, the best operation method shall be selected based on the data, instrument settings, and personnel technical level, with the principle of low investment and short mapping cycle.
6.1 Plane meter measurement method
6.7.1 Use the plane meter measurement method to directly map the changed terrain elements on the base map. 6.1.2 The centering deviation of the measuring station shall not be greater than 0.1mm on the map, and the distance in the direction of the target plate shall not be less than 8cm on the map. After orientation, it shall be checked with more than two different directions of unchanged topographic points. The measurement can only be carried out when the difference in plane and elevation is not greater than 2 times the error in the current specification.
6.2 Photogrammetry method
Aerial photography is required before measurement, and then the conventional aerial survey operation method is used for measurement according to the measurement plan, instruments and equipment, data conditions and other factors.
6.2.1 Image plane map measurement method
6.2.1.1 Use the image plane map to make a terrain plate. According to different process flow, it can produce hard-backed paper image plane, transparent film image plane, engraved film image plane, etc. Then, according to the complexity of the landform, transfer drawing, masking, etc. can be used.The topographic map can be revised by methods such as carbon paper transparencies, overprinting, and combined printing.
6.2.1.2 Surveying with a single orthophoto. The topographic elements to be surveyed are transposed and transferred, and projected onto the survey base map. 6.2.2 Transfer and mosaic method
6.2.2.1 Transfer method: Use a projector or a special transfer device to transfer the topographic elements from the photo to the survey base map. 6.2.2.2 Mosaic method: Use multiple orthophotos of the surveyed topographic elements to splice them into a landform plate: A single photo can be used for GB 14268--93
survey, and the correction mosaic method can be used. Or if a local survey is being conducted, remove the part to be surveyed from the base map, and then inlay the newly surveyed part. 6.2.2.3 When using the transfer and mosaic method, the correction and mosaic point, edge limit requirements, projection error correction formula, belt distance calculation formula, etc. shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the current specifications of the corresponding scale topographic map for the correction instrument to compile the image plane map. 6.2.2.4 When using the transfer instrument to transfer topographic elements, the transfer error shall not exceed 0.5mm, and some shall not exceed 0.7mm; the error of the landform overlay shall not exceed n.7mm.
6.2.3 Stereo mapping method
6.2.3.1 On the physical mapping instrument, according to the requirements of the solid mapping operation, the terrain elements are measured on the base map, and the measurement map is drawn after clearing (engraving). 6.2.3.2 The stereo mapping method is applicable to the measurement and repair operations of various types of terrain. The mapping orientation points shall be field control points or internal encryption points. If the local survey and repair scope is small, the obvious topographic points shall be judged on the topographic map or other professional map of the large-scale survey and repair map as the mapping orientation points.
6.3 Revision method
Use the topographic map pieces larger than the mapping scale, the digital data of the survey and repair map and its text materials to reduce and repair the survey and repair map. 6.3.1 Reduction of topographic map
6.3.1.1 Use the topographic map with good currentness and larger than the mapping scale, and adopt the method of reducing first and then editing (equal-size editing and drawing), editing first and then reducing (releasing editing and drawing), and continuous editing and section drawing (carving) to revise the original basic map. 6.3.1.2 The requirements for reduction shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB12343 and GB12344. 6.3.2 Digital reduction
6.3.2.1 Digital mapping and analytical mapping of the scale of the map. The digitalized mapping data recorded by the special program can be edited on the computer screen using the graphic reduction workstation, and the revised map can be directly engraved using the CNC plotter (table), or the mapping manuscript can be drawn and then the revised map can be drawn after being cleared (engraved).
6.3.2.2 Topographic maps of the scale of the map ... If the line drawing is revised by digital mapping method, the terrain elements to be revised need to be collected according to the prescribed coding system, and the line drawing is output after processing by the graphic operating system.
6.4.1 Data Collection
a Field measurement acquisition
The geodetic coordinates and elevations of various points are obtained through the field measurement data collection system. The accuracy requirements are: the half-surface position error of various points to the nearest field control point shall not be greater than 0.1mm on the map, and the elevation error shall not be greater than 1/4 of the equal height interval. . Collect from aerial photographs
Use the stereo coordinate base survey instrument to connect the aerial triangulation data, and the measurement of the image point coordinates, relative positioning, relative positioning, residual error of the orientation point and the discrepancy value of the Dole control point shall comply with the relevant provisions of the analytical method aerial triangulation in the current specifications of the corresponding scale. Use analytical mapping instruments (including modified folding analog mapping instruments) to collect data, and implement relevant provisions of analytical mapping instruments in the current specifications of corresponding scales and topographic maps, such as internal orientation, relative orientation, and absolute orientation. When collecting data, the three-dimensional model measurement sighting error, the plane error is not more than 0.3mm on the map, and the elevation error is not more than 1/2 times the error of the elevation of the elevation annotation point.
. Collect from the topographic map
Select topographic maps or professional maps with good currentness, larger than the mapping scale, and directly measured as basic data. Data records are determined based on comprehensive considerations such as the complexity of the terrain and the scale of the basic data. 6.4.2 Digital processing
The information data of the acquisition frame is input into the digital mapping computer system for data processing, public data editing, graphic editing, etc., and the mapping work is completed:
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6.4.3 Use a single-photo topographic map revision system for revision This method is only applicable to the revision of ground elements. 6.4.3.1 Each photo has no less than 9 correction points (orientation points), and the correction points must be determined by the indoor control encryption method. Before the photo is digitized, the photo must be enlarged to a scale close to the mapping scale. 6.4.3.2 Use the original basic map to trace the contour lines on the digitizer to generate a digital terrain model (DTM). In addition, a certain number of terrain feature points must be collected to improve the accuracy of the DTM. 6.4.3.3 Establish graphic data and complete the revision of ground objects through the graphic operating system. 6.5 Using satellite images for surveying and repairing (space remote sensing data) 6.5.1 Select appropriate satellite images or mapping satellite images. After technical processing (image processing, geometric correction), when the ground resolution of the image can meet the mapping accuracy requirements, it can be used for local surveying and repairing of topographic maps. 6.5.2 When satellite images are small in scale and cannot fully meet the requirements for mapping the extraction of important smaller ground features (such as small water systems, roads, settlements and other cultural elements), field adjustment or supplementary survey is required. Since the corresponding field area contained in satellite images is relatively large, systematic errors caused by the curvature of the earth must be corrected. 6.5.3 Satellite images with 55-65% overlap can be used for stereo mapping. The operation method and requirements shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current standard stereo mapping. When mapping with an analytical mapping instrument, an additional systematic error correction program can be used to correct the systematic errors of the measured image points (or curves). When mapping with a precision stereo mapping instrument, the block method can be used to limit the elevation error caused by the influence of the earth's curvature. The side length of the block operation range is calculated by formula (1):
r = ((VA -2R)/ms] × 1 000
In the formula: r-
side length of the film working range.mm;
mean error of the first contour line, I
R——radius of earth curvature.m:
"Denominator of satellite film scale.
As shown in Figure 1, the spacing between each control point of the block shop should be less than, value, and the control points of the four corners of the block are determined by encryption method. Small can be read on the topographic map.
Main point type) - flat high point
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6.5.4 Use satellite images to make image plane maps and conduct local survey and measurement of land features. The control points required for making image plane maps can be determined by using topographic maps with a larger scale than the map or other professional maps and other materials to interpret obvious topographic points. Use special software programs to collect segmented data of satellite images on the analytical mapping instrument. You can also interpolate the necessary points from the contour lines on the original basic map, and then convert the image section data. 6.6 Other survey and measurement operation methods can be used on the premise of meeting the accuracy requirements of topographic map survey and measurement. 7 Principles for handling map surfaces during topographic map survey and measurement 7.1 Requirements for survey and measurement base maps
For the copied survey and measurement base maps, the difference between the outline length and the theoretical value shall not be greater than 0.2mm, and the difference between the diagonal length and the theoretical value shall not be greater than 0.3mm. When it is necessary to add various control points on the base map, The error of the secondary orientation of the restored plate shall not exceed 0.15mm. The error of the spread point shall not exceed 0.1mm, and the error of the two spread points of the same control point shall not exceed 0.2mm. 7.2 Treatment of the difference of various control points
7.2.1 The newly measured basic control points shall be based on the position of the new spread point. When there is a contradiction between the elevation and the contour line, the contour line shall be modified to eliminate the contradiction. 7.2.2 When the position of the new photo film control point needs to be recorded on the map, the position of the spread point shall be based on the contradiction between the elevation and the contour line. When the flat land is less than or equal to 1 basic contour interval; the hilly land is less than or equal to 1.5 basic contour intervals; the mountainous land and the commercial mountainous land are less than or equal to 2 basic contour intervals, the contour line can be modified with reference to the stereo model to make it reasonable and coordinated. When it exceeds the above provisions, the contour line should be measured on the instrument. When the point position needs to be noted on the map, within the above tolerance, the old map shall still be used as the standard. When it exceeds the above provisions, the reason should be found out and the measurement should be revised. 7.2.3 When the internal work points have corresponding points in the original basic map, the surface matching error is less than 0.6 mm for flat hills and less than 1.0 mm for high mountains. The elevation matching error is less than or equal to 1 basic contour interval for flat land and less than or equal to 1 basic contour interval for hills.When the mountainous and high mountainous areas are less than or equal to 2 basic contour intervals, the point position and elevation annotation shall be based on the Qiong basic map. When it exceeds the above provisions, the cause should be found out. If there is a systematic error, the systematic error value should be subtracted. If the error is not greater than the above provisions, the original basic map shall still be used as the basis. When it exceeds the above provisions, it is necessary to check and measure on the instrument.
When there is no corresponding point on the original basic map, and the elevation of the newly encrypted point needs to be annotated on the map, the newly encrypted elevation shall be used as the basis. When the new point conflicts with the contour line, the contour line shall be reasonably modified within the above-mentioned limit difference. When it exceeds the above-mentioned limit difference, it should be checked and measured. 7.3 Handling of the difference between the newly surveyed and mapped features and the original map topography 7.3.1 The difference between the newly surveyed and mapped features and the original basic map topography shall not exceed 2 times the error in the plane position of the feature point, and some shall not exceed 2 times. Within the limit difference, refer to the stereo image to reasonably modify the features and contour lines. When it exceeds the limit difference, it should be measured on the instrument. 7.3.2 If the landform is changed due to the addition of new features, the contour line shall be modified by referring to the 7-body image if the landform change is within 2 basic contour intervals: if it is greater than 2 basic contour intervals, the contour line shall be revised. 7.3.3 When modifying and revising landforms and landforms, the correctness of the relevant positions of landforms and landforms shall be maintained. 7.4 Handling of contradictions in deformed landforms
Deformed landforms refer to landforms formed by changes in the land surface morphology due to crustal movement, wind erosion, water erosion, etc., such as scoops, rain cracks, slopes, and large open channels
7.4.1 If the deformed landforms shown in the new data are inconsistent with the deformed landforms shown in the original basic map, the new data results shall prevail in principle. 7.4.2 If the deformed landforms shown by contour lines on the original basic map can still accurately show the landform features, the new data shall still be based on the original basic map although the new data are shown by landform symbols.
7.4.3 The contradiction between the original map and the new data results due to comprehensive selection and other reasons. If the original basic map can still show its characteristics, it can be left unchanged.
7.5 The treatment of contradictions caused by different techniques. The comprehensive survey and revision scheme and the local survey and revision scheme shall be used. The representation of terrain elements in the map sheet shall be carried out according to the requirements of the current diagram and specification. The rapid survey and revision scheme shall be based on the diagram specification implemented when surveying the original basic map. 7.6 Treatment of the edge connection problem of the survey and revision map sheets
7.6.1 When the 1980 Xi'an coordinate system survey and revision map is connected with the 1954 Beijing coordinate system map, the 1954 Beijing coordinate system map points shall be added to the survey and revision map at the connection point, and the survey and revision map and the topographic map shall be connected according to the map point coincidence method. If the topographic map points are located outside the survey and revision map distance CB 1426893
line, the terrain elements of the survey and revision map shall be drawn to the topographic map line. 7.6.2 Requirements for splicing: If the difference between the edges of unchanged terrain elements is within the tolerance limit specified in the current specification, the newly measured position shall prevail. If it exceeds the tolerance limit, the cause shall be found out and the situation shall be handled. The changed terrain elements shall not be spliced. 8 Preparation work
Before determining the area or some maps to be revised, careful preparation work shall be done to ensure the smooth progress of the revision and survey work. 8.1 Data collection
8.1.1 Topographic map data
. The original printed map or aerial survey map of the topographic map; h. The newly published topographic map of the corresponding scale + e
The topographic map with a scale larger than the survey map.
8.1.2 Photographic data
Old aerial photographs include control photographs and adjustment photographs: a.
When the original meter uses fixed-scale photographs for mapping, the original surveyed photographs should be collected; new aerial data, including qualified aerial photographs, various record data: satellite image data.
8.1.3 Results data
Earth control results, distribution map of human points: field control results used in the original mapping: encrypted results of the original aerial survey internal mapping, results quality inspection and evaluation, and evaluation of the original mapping quality!
Technical summary of the survey area;
Digital Ninghua mapping data.
8.1.4 Auxiliary materials
various current professional maps, such as: traffic maps, water conservancy maps, road maps, etc.; b,
other relevant documents, documentary records, place names, etc. 8.2 Data processing
8.2.1 Material sorting
Classify the collected maps, texts, data and other materials, and set up special document archives and register them for backup: H
h. Transfer the control points on the old control photos to the new aerial photos: c. Mark the publication year of the various professional maps and large-scale topographic maps collected. 8.2.2 Data analysis
8.2.2.1 According to the publication year of the professional maps and the analysis of their professional content, determine the degree of their data availability. 8.2.2.2 According to the year of drawing and publication of the large-scale topographic map, analyze its terrain elements and determine the degree of its data availability.
8.2.2.3 Analyze the control data of the photographs to determine the usability of the control results. 8.2.2.4 Analyze the results of the internal encryption of the aerial survey. Fully understand the accuracy and reliability of the encrypted results. 8.2.2.5 Analyze the existing topographic maps of corresponding scales, combine the collected professional maps and larger scale topographic maps, and compare with the new aerial photographs, etc., to understand the changes in the topographic elements and put forward conclusive opinions. If necessary, field visits should be carried out as the basis for selecting the revision plan.
8.2.3 Statistics of the change rate of terrain elements
8.2.3.1 Features that have a great impact on the national economy and people's lives or have obvious directional significance are regarded as important features. 8.2.3.2 The change rate of terrain elements is generally counted with equal weights. When necessary, terrain elements can be divided into geomorphic elements, general features and important features GB1426893
elements, and weighted statistics can be carried out. The specific weights can be determined by the technical management department according to the actual situation. 8.2.3.3 The statistical method of terrain element change rate can refer to Appendix A. The same statistical method should be used for the map sheets of the same survey area. 8.2.4 Original map inspection
8.2.4.1 The original map shall be inspected as follows: a. The error of the map side length shall not exceed 0.2 mm
h. The error of the diagonal line shall not exceed n. 3 mm; c. The difference between the distance between the kilometer grid points and the theoretical value shall not exceed 0.2 mm. 8.2.4.2 The original basic map is drawn according to the corresponding scale specifications of the aerial survey, and there is an inspection and acceptance procedure. If the quality of the map sheet results meets the requirements, it will be considered as a qualified base map after the layout inspection in 8.2.4.1 and used for the revision and survey work. 8.2.4.3 All topographic maps that have not been through the quality inspection and acceptance procedures after being drawn shall be subject to precision inspection. No less than 30 obvious topographic points shall be uniformly selected in the map sheet for measurement and inspection. Formulas (2) and (3) are the accuracy estimation formulas: mg = ± /dd//2n
m = I/[44]/n
Where: m. Mean error in equal-precision inspection, half-plane: mm; elevation m; ma—Mean error in high-precision inspection, plane: mm; elevation: md—Poor homonymous point, plane; mm; elevation: m; Z—Discordance value of homonymous point plane: mm; elevation: m;—Number of inspection points.
Inspection by the field measurement method specified in the inspection or the aerial two-angle measurement method of internal analysis is considered as high-precision inspection, while inspection by the stereo mapping method is considered as equal-precision inspection.
The mean error obtained by inspection shall not exceed the requirements of the mean error of the corresponding item in the current specification. When the analytical aerial triangulation method is used for inspection, the mean error obtained shall not exceed 1.2 times the error in the corresponding item of the current specification.
After the accuracy inspection, the original map that meets the requirements is considered as a qualified original map and can be used for repair and measurement operations; the original map that does not meet the requirements is considered as an unqualified original map and cannot be used for repair and measurement operations.
8.2.5 Write a written report
B.2.5.1 Based on the analysis of the data, write a written report and put forward suggestions on the use of the data. 8.2.5.2 Based on the inspection of the original map, write a written report and put forward suggestions on the use of the original map. 8.3 Preparation of Technical Design Document
In addition to being prepared in accordance with relevant regulations, the technical design document should also focus on the following contents: analysis and research on the changes in terrain elements in the survey area, data collection, distribution and utilization of various control points, the quality of the original basic map, aerial photography data, and the use of professional maps. a.
Conclusions drawn from the analysis and research: selected survey and repair scheme:
Adopted survey and repair operation method:
Propose relevant technical requirements or supplementary regulations based on the survey area situation: d.
Cost quota:
f. Quota, TT work quantity.
91 : 5 000, 1 : 10 000 topographic map revision 9.1 Adjustment
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9.1.1 Adjustment and supplementary survey shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the current specifications and drawings. The adjustment method can be full field adjustment or in-depth indoor and outdoor comprehensive adjustment.
9.1.2. According to the survey and measurement operation method selected in the survey and measurement plan, formulate a practical and feasible survey and mapping operation implementation method and steps. a: Adopt a comprehensive survey and measurement plan. When using image planes or orthophotos to draw survey and measurement feature plates, the photo mapping shall be carried out according to the requirements of photo mapping. When using the vertical survey method to survey and make feature plates, use a single photo to conduct mapping according to the conventional operation method! b. When adopting a local survey and measurement plan, the survey and measurement range must be marked on the mapping data. Within the survey and measurement range, the original basic map is taken as the core, and the photos are checked and corrected by the field inspection. The disappeared terrain elements are marked on the original basic map with specific symbols, and the newly added and changed terrain elements are adjusted on the photos. Finishing is carried out according to the mapping requirements. Deal with the edge connection problem of new and old data. No mapping is done outside the survey and measurement range:. Regardless of the method used, the changes in the landform caused by the newly added features and other factors should be marked. The part of the two basic contour intervals should be marked to facilitate the internal survey and measurement of the landform. 9.1.3 When photographs are adjusted and mapped, important newly added terrain elements after aerial photography need to be supplemented and remeasured. 9.1.4 When digital mapping is used to revise the survey, when field measurements are used to collect data, data should be collected in accordance with the prescribed coding system and adjusted with cultural information. When aerial photographs are used for collection, the image adjustment is the same as that of photogrammetry. When topographic maps are used for collection, the original basic map or new aerial photographs should be used for necessary supplementary adjustments and remeasurements. 9.2 Determination of mapping control points (orientation points) and image correction points Mapping control points and image correction points can be obtained by field measurements, indoor control additions, and interpretation on topographic maps larger than the mapping scale.
Make full use of existing control points and adopt indoor control encryption method. The main method for determining mapping orientation points in Nixiu mapping 9.2.1 Indoor control encryption plan
9.2.1.1Use new aerial photographs to encrypt. The old photo control points should meet the requirements of the new aerial area city network or route network. For a small amount of insufficient parts, go out to make up for the field survey.
If one of the following conditions is met, the field survey of photo control points is no longer required: The position conditions of the horizontal and vertical control points at the four corners of the regional network on the film meet the requirements of the specifications. The horizontal and vertical points and elevation control points in other parts of the network and the number of points meet the requirements of the specifications. The point film conditions can be relaxed to the point distance from the azimuth line greater than 1.5cm (18cm×18cm image frame) and 2.5cm (23cm×23cm image frame). A small number of points may not even meet the relaxed film condition requirements. However, the connecting points between the routes are selected in a diamond shape, as shown in Figure 2. The first and last image pairs of each route must be selected in a diamond shape. In the middle of the route, a diamond pair of points is selected every 2 to 1 baselines (23cm×23cm image frame) or 4 to 6 baselines (18cm×18m image frame). The distance between the points on the film should be less than 2 cm (18 cm×18 cm image frame) or 3When drawing, the difference between the plates shall not exceed 0.1mm. 12.3 Edge joining:
12.3.1 The edge joining of the revised survey map and the topographic map of the Beijing coordinate system in 1954 shall comply with the provisions of Article 7.6. 12.3.2 In the vertical coordinate system, when the edge joining between the revised survey map and the unrevised survey map is within the tolerance limit specified in the current specifications, only the revised survey map shall be changed. If the tolerance limit is exceeded, the cause shall be found out and a treatment shall be made. The terrain elements with changes at the edge shall not be joined, and the revised survey map shall prevail.
12.3.3 The edge joining between the revised survey maps shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations and drawings. The revised survey map and the rapid revised survey map shall not be joined. 12.4 The rapid revised survey map shall be cleared (engraved) and decorated in accordance with the specifications and drawings implemented by the original published map. The revised part shall be specially made into a revised version and printed in purple on the original published map. And note × year × month for rapid revision in the additional notes at the bottom corner outside the map. 13 Inspection, acceptance and submission of materials
13.1 Inspection and acceptance of revised maps shall be carried out in accordance with ZBA75002. 13.2 Clean up, register and submit in accordance with the data management regulations. A1 Statistical unit of change in topographic element plan
Let the unit of change be "", defined as:
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Appendix A
Statistics and calculation methods of terrain element change rate (reference)
1 is a point feature represented by an independent symbol: 1 is a surface feature represented by an independent symbol; 1 g is a linear feature 1 cm long on the map;
1 is a surface feature 1 cm on the map.
A2 Calculation of terrain element change rate a
a. Comprehensive statistical method
-(n/N)+100
In the formula, n is the total amount of comprehensive changes in terrain elements within the map, including newly added features, changed features, disappeared features, etc. That is, n=n, ++3 + ... +
the sum of the total amount of original terrain elements N on the old map and the total amount of changed terrain elements. That is, N=N+n
. By the above definition, or (A1) can be written as
= +(n + n +++ + +;)/[Ni+(m+n2 +na +-.+)]) 100% -.(A2) In order to meet the common requirements of various professional departments for topographic maps, formula (A2) does not consider the "importance" weight coefficient of terrain elements. b Map grid statistical method
Use the existing kilometer grids on the topographic map as the statistical unit, and each kilometer grid is 1 "C". When counting, it is measured at 1/1G, and the accumulated calculation is calculated as an integer.
α grid = (a/A)- 100%
The total number of common single grids for terrain element changes within the map sheet: cbZxz.net
A-the theoretical total number of grids in the map sheet (A≥a). (A3)
G in formula (A3) can be replaced by the number of grids of the corresponding aerial photographs, that is, a 2mm×2mm (small-scale aerial photographs) or 5mm×5mm (large-scale aerial photographs) grid template is placed on the photograph, and the change rate of terrain elements in the map sheet is calculated according to the public grid method of the map, and then calculated according to formula (A3).
The change rate of terrain elements calculated by formulas (A2) and (A3) is ≤100%, and the change rate of terrain elements between each map sheet is a relative ratio, which is comparable.
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