This standard applies to the design, production, use, maintenance, management, scientific research, teaching and publishing of all fields related to electronic computers and information processing. GB/T 5271.5-1987 Data Processing Vocabulary 05 Part 1 Data Representation GB/T5271.5-1987 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net

1 Overview
1.1 Introduction
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Data processing --Vocabulary-Section os:Representation of data
Part 05
Data processing --Vocabulary-Section os:Representation of dataUDC 621.3: 00 1.4
GB 5271·587
This vocabulary consists of about ten parts. This part describes some of the most important concepts in data representation. This part of the vocabulary is equivalent to the international standard ISO2382/5-1974 "Data processing-Vocabulary-Part 05: Representation of data".
1.2 Scope
This vocabulary selects the terms and concise definitions of some concepts in the field of data processing, and clarifies the relationship between different concepts, so as to facilitate internal and external communication.
The standard involves all major aspects of data processing, including the main processing processes and the types of equipment used, data representation, data organization, data description, computer programming and operation, peripheral equipment, data communication and other special applications. 1.3 Scope of application
This standard applies to the design, production, use, maintenance, management, scientific research, teaching and publishing of various fields related to electronic computers and information processing.
Principles and rules to be followed
The following rules have been detailed in Part 1 (Part 01). They are also applicable to this part and are not repeated here. Only the titles of each item are listed as follows:
Definition of terms
Composition of terms
Classification of terms
Selection of terms and definition terms
Polysemic terms
Use of parentheses
Use of square brackets
Boldface terms and asterisks in definitions 2.10
Compilation of index tables
3 Terms and definitions
05 Data representation
05.01 Types of data representation
Approved by the National Bureau of Standards on March 16, 1987
Implementation on December 1, 1987
05.01.01 Notation
notation
GB 5271.5---87
The set of symbols used to represent data and their usage rules. 05.01.02 Number system
Numeration system
Numeral system
Any number representation system used to represent numbers.
Numerical representation
Numeration
The representation of a number in a certain number system.
Discrete representation
discrete representation
A character representation method for data, where each character or group of characters marks an individual in the selected object. 05.01.05 Discrete data
discrete data
Data represented by characters.
Numeral
A number represented by discrete representation.
Example: Four different digits representing the same number (i.e., one dozen) are as follows: +.:
Represented by Chinese numerals
Represented by decimal system
Represented by Roman numerals
Represented by pure binary system
Binary numbers
binary numeral
A small number represented by pure binary*digits.
Example: 101 is the binary equivalent of the Roman numeral V. 05.01.08decimal
decimal tumera!
A number represented by decimal*digits.
Numerical representation (method)
numeric representation
A discrete representation of data by digits.
Numerical data
numeric data
A small number represented by digits.
Digital representation (method)
digital representation
·A discrete representation of the quantized value of a variable, that is, using digits and possibly also special characters and spacing characters to represent the number.
Digital data
digital data
GB 5271.5-87
Data represented by numeric characters and possibly special and spacing characters. 05.01.13 Alphanumeric data
alphanumeric data
Data represented by alphanumeric characters and possibly special and spacing characters. 05.01.14
analog representation
the representation of the value of a variable by a physical quantity that is considered to be continuously variable and whose magnitude is proportional to the value of the variable or to the value of an appropriate function of the variable.
05.01.15 Analog data
analog data
data represented by a physical quantity that is considered to be continuously variable and whose magnitude is proportional to the value of the variable or to the value of an appropriate function of the variable.
digital
to digitize
To represent or describe non-discrete data in the form of numeric characters. Example: To obtain a digital representation of a physical quantity from an analog representation of that quantity. Number system (general term)
A number in a number system commonly used in scientific literature that is raised to the power indicated by the exponent and then multiplied by the mantissa to determine the real number to be represented.
Example: The number 6.25 in the following equation is the base. 2.7 × 6.25 t.5 = 42.1875
Sign position
sign position
Usually located at one end of a digit, an indicator may be placed in this position to indicate the algebraic sign of the number represented by the digit.
Sign character [digit Jrbinary digit]05.02.03
sign character [digit Jrbinary digit]A character [digit Jrbinary digit] in the sign position that indicates the algebraic sign of the number represented by the digital number to which it is attached.
Significant digit
Significant digit
In a number, the digit required for a certain application, especially the digit that must be retained to maintain a certain degree of accuracy or precision.
05.03Positional representation system
Positional representation (system)positional notation
A number system that uses an ordered set of characters to represent real numbers: the value provided by each character depends on both its own value and its position.Positional representation (method)
GB 5271+5—87
positional representation
The representation of real numbers in a bitwise representation system. 05.03.03
digit place
digit position
In bitwise representation, each position where a character may be placed can be identified by an ordinal number or an equivalent identifier. 05.03.04 weight
weight
significance
In bitwise representation, a factor associated with a digit that, when multiplied by the value represented by the character for that digit, yields the value to be accumulated in the real number representation provided by that digit. 05.03.05radix numeration system
radix notation
A bitwise representation in which the ratio of the weight of any digit to the weight of the next adjacent digit is a positive integer. Note: The allowed values ​​of the character in any digit are from 0 to an integer less than 1 of the cardinality of the number. 05.03.06 Radix
In a radix number system, the positive integer that should be multiplied by the weight of any digit to obtain the weight of the digit above it. Examples: ① In the decimal system, the cardinality of each digit is 10. ② In the binary system, the cardinality of each digit is 2. 05.03.07 Decimal point
Radix point
In a radix number system, the position that separates the characters representing the integer part from the characters representing the decimal part. 05.03.08
Mixed radix numeration system
mixed radix notation
A radix number system in which the digits do not necessarily have the same cardinality. Example: In a number system that uses three consecutive numerals to represent hours, ten minutes, and minutes, if 1 minute is taken as the unit, the weights of the three digits are 60, 10, and 1 respectively, and the cardinal numbers of the second and third digits are 6 and 10 respectively. Note: ① A numeration system that uses one or more digits to represent "day" and a 10-digit digit to represent "hour" does not meet the definition of a cardinal number system. This is because the ratio of the weights of the digits for "day" and "10 hours" is not an integer. ② See note 0 of 05.03.15.
fixed radix numeration system
fixed radix notation
·A cardinal number system in which all digits have the same radix, with the possible exception of the digit with the highest weight. Note: ①) The weights of successive digits are successive integer powers of a single radix (each multiplied by the same factor), and negative integer powers of the radix are used to represent decimals.
②The fixed radix number system is a special case of a mixed radix number system, see note ② of 05.03.15. Decimal numeration
05.03.10-
decimal numeration (system)
A fixed-radix number system using the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and base 10, in which the lowest integer has a weight of 1.
GB 5271.5-87
Example: In this number system, the number 576.2 is represented by: 5×102+7×101+6×10°+2×10-105.03.11 Decimal point
decimal point
The decimal point in the decimal number system.
Note: According to various conventions, the decimal point is represented by a trailing sign, a lower dot, or a middle dot. 05.03.12
Pure binary numeration
pure binary numeration A fixed-point representation system is a number system that uses the numeral characters 0 and 1 and the base 2. For example, the digits 110.01 represent six and a quarter, that is, 1×222+1×221+1×2-2
05.03.13 Fixed-point representation system A radix number system in which the position of the decimal point in a set of digits is implicitly fixed by convention. 05.03.14 Variable-point representation system A radix number system in which the position of the decimal point is explicitly indicated by a specific character. 05.03.15 Mixed base numeration system notation
A number system in which a number can be expressed as the sum of several terms, each consisting of a mantissa and a base. The base of a term is constant for a given application, but the ratio of the bases is not necessarily an integer. Example: A number with bases b3, b2, b, and mantissas 6, 5, 4 is expressed as: 663+ 562+ 461
Note: ① The mixed radix number system is a special case of the mixed radix number system. In this case, when the bases of each term are sorted in descending order, the ratios between adjacent bases are integers, but not all have the same ratio. If the smallest base is b, and the sum! is an integer, then the digital number 654 in this number system represents the number given by the following formula: 6 ryb + 5 αb + 4b
② The fixed-radix number system is a special case of the mixed-radix number system. In this case, when the bases of each term are arranged in descending order, the ratios between the bases of each pair of adjacent terms are the same integer. If b is the smallest base and is an integer, then the digital number 654 in this number system is represented by the number given by the following formula: 6 x2b+ 5 zb+ 4b
05.04Floating-point representation system
05.04.01Floating-point representation (system)
floating-point representation (system) A number system that uses a logarithmic number to represent real numbers that are the product of the fixed-point part (indicated by one of the numbers) and the implicit floating-point base raised to the power of n (n indicated by another number). 05.04.02 floating-point representation (method)
floating-point representation The representation of a real number in floating-point representation.
Example: The floating-point representation of 0.0001234 is:
0.1234—3
Where 0.1234 is the fixed-point part and ~3 is the order. 05.04.03 fixed-point part
fixed-point part
mantissa (in a floating-point representation)
GB 5271.5—87
mantissa (in a floating-point representation) A number in a floating-point representation that, when multiplied by the power of the implicit floating-point base, determines the real number represented. Example: See the example in 05.04.02.
Exponent (in a floating- point representation)A number in a floating-point representation whose implicit floating-point base is multiplied by itself and then by the fixed-point portion to determine the real number represented.
Example: See example 05.04.02.
05.04.05Characteristic (in a floating- point representation)A number that represents the exponent in a floating-point representation. Note: The exponent often differs from the exponent of the floating-point representation by a constant. For example, if the band number is 50, the floating-point representation of the number in entry 05.04.02 is:
05.04.06floating-point base
floating-point radix
floating-point radixIn floating-point representation, an implicit fixed integer base greater than 1, which, when raised to the power indicated by the explicit exponent or digit in the floating-point representation, is multiplied by the fixed-point portion to determine the real number to be represented. Example: In the example in entry 05.04.02, the implicit floating-point base is 10.05.04.07normalized form (in a floating-point representation)standard form
A form of floating-point representation that restricts the fixed-point portion to a specified range. The range is selected so that any given real number can be represented by a unique pair of digits. 05.05 Notation for representing discrete data
05.05.01 Decimal notation
decimal notation
A notation that uses ten different characters (usually the characters for decimal numbers). Example: ① The string 196912312359 can be parsed as the date and time one minute before the start of 1970. ② The notation for index numbers used in the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). Note: These examples use decimal notation, but none of them meet the definition of a decimal system. 05.05.02 Binary notation
binary notation
Any notation that uses: ten different characters (usually the binary characters 0 and 1). Example: Gray code is a binary notation, but it is not a pure binary system. 05.05.03Bit position
bit position
In binary notation, the position of a character in a word. 05.05.04Binary coded notation
binary coded notation
GB 5271.587
A binary notation in which each character is represented by a binary number. 05.06Numbering method for representing decimal numbers
Binary coded decimal notation
binary coded decimal notationBCD (abbreviation)
binary coded decimal representationbinary coded decimal code
A binary coded notation in which each decimal character is represented by a binary number. Example: In the vigesimal notation with a weight of 8--4-21, the number "23" is represented by 00100011 (compare it with its pure binary representation "10111"). 05.06.02 excess three code
excess three code
A binary notation in which each decimal character is represented by the binary digit (n+3). 05.06.03 two-out-of-five code
a ... Note: These two digits are often represented by a sequence of two binary digits. 05.07 Two's complement
05.07.01 Two's complement
complement
A number in a fixed radix number system that is obtained by subtracting the corresponding digit of the digital representation of a given number from each digit of the digital representation of that number. 05.07.02
Two's complement base
complement base
A specific number in a fixed radix number system whose digital representation contains multiple digits from which the corresponding digits of the given number are subtracted. 05.07.03
radix complement
radix complement
A complement code obtained by subtracting the digit corresponding to a given number from a number one less than the radix of the digit corresponding to the given number, adding 1 to the least significant digit of the result, and performing necessary carries. Example: 830 is the radix complement code for the three-digit decimal number 170. 05.07.04
tens complement
complement on ten
radix complement code for the decimal number system.
05.07.05 twos complement
twos complement
radix complement code for the pure binary number system.
radix -minus complement
radix -minus complement
radix -complement
GB 5271.5—87
diminished radix complement
The complement obtained by subtracting the digit of the corresponding digit of a given number from a number which is one less than the radix of the corresponding digit.
Nines complement
complement on nine
The complement of the radix minus one in the decimal system.
Ones complement
complement on one
The complement of the radix minus one in the pure binary system. Bitwise representation
Bitwise representation
Variable-point representation
Two's complement base
Pure binary system·
Base·
Fixed-point representation·
Fixed-point part
Two's complement
Nine's complement·
Tens' complement
One's complement·
Binary coded number Method
Binary notation
Binary number·
Binary bit position·
Binary-decimal notation·
Mixed binary-five notation code·
Floating-point representation (method)
Floating-point representation (system)
Floating-point base
Floating-point radix
Normalized form·
Fixed radix number system
GB 5271.5--87
Appendix A
Chinese Index
(reference)
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...05.04.01
Mixed-base number system·
Mixed-base number system
Radix's complement·
Radix's inverse code·
Radix minus 1's complement
Radix number system
Number method
Discrete representation (method)
Discrete data·
Numerology·
Analog representation (method)
Analog data·
Decimal notation
Decimal number (system)
Decimal number·
Decimal point…．
Numerical representation (method)
Numerical data·
Digital representation (method)
Digitalization··
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Digital data,
Digit·
Manustix·
Two out of five codes
Decimal point·
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·05.03.07
Significant digit
Remainder 3 code··
Sign position
Positive and negative characters [numeric characters] [binary
numeric characters]
：05.06.02
.. 05.02.02
........ 05.02.03
Alphanumeric data
... 05.01.13
alphanumeric data
analog data..
analog representation
service
binary- coded decimal code
GB 5271.5-87
Appendix B
English index
(reference)
binary-coded decimal notationbinary-coded decimal representation .binary-coded notation ..
binary notation
binary numeral ...
biquinary code ...
bit position
characteristic
complement
complement base
complement on nine
complement on one
complement on ten
decimal notation
decimal numeral
decimal numeration (system)
decimal point ...
digit place ....
digit position .....
digital data
digital representation ...
diminished radix complement
discrete data
discrete representation
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excess three code
exponent
fixed point part
fixed- point represen tation system...fixed radix notation .....
fixed radix numeration system......floating- point base +
floating- point radix .....
floating- point representation ...GB 5271.5—87
...
floating- point representation (system)M
mantissa
mixed base notation:
mixed base numeration system......mixed radix notation ...
mixed radix numeration systemN
nines complement .
normalized form
notation
number representation ..
number representation system..........numeraf ..................
numeral system-
numeration
numeration system...
numeric data ....
numeric representation
ones complement
positional notation
positional representation
positionaf representation ( system)pure binary numeration system.200
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normalized form
notation
number representation ..
number representation system.....numeraf ..................
numeral system-
numeration
numeration system...
numeric data ....
numeric representation
ones complement
positional notation | |tt | 05.04.06
*05.04.06
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normalized formwww.bzxz.net
notation
number representation ..
number representation system.....numeraf ..................
numeral system-
numeration
numeration system...
numeric data ....
numeric representation
ones complement
positional notation | |tt | 05.04.06
*05.04.06
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