GB 4785-1998 Regulations for the installation of external lighting and signaling devices for motor vehicles and trailers
Some standard content:
GB4785-1998
This standard has revised GB4785-1984 "Number, Position and Color of External Lighting and Signaling Devices for Motor Vehicles and Trailers" in accordance with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ECE No. 48 Regulation (E/ECE324E/ECE/TRANS/505Rev.1/Add.47/RevAmend.1August31, 1995). According to national conditions, except for deleting and modifying some contents, its main technical requirements are equivalent to the above regulations, and compared with GB4785--84, circuit connection, indicators, other requirements, test methods, inspection procedures and other contents are added. Although the chromaticity characteristics in GB4785-84 are not listed in ECE No. 48, they are consistent with the relevant regulations of ECE, and the above requirements are cited by many national standards, so this standard continues to be listed after revision. The drawings in the standard are only a kind of illustration and do not contain all the contents of the standard. From the date of implementation of this standard, GB4785-84 will be replaced. The provisions of the standard on side marker lamps and rear fog lamps will be implemented from January 1, 2000. Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D of this standard are all appendices of the standard. Appendix E of this standard is a reminder appendix.
This standard was proposed by the State Machinery Industry Bureau and drafted by the Shanghai Automotive Lighting Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard: Xu Mouhe.
This standard was first issued in November 1984. 196
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Prescription for installationof the external lighting and light signallingdevices for motor vehicles and their trailersGB4785—1998
Replaces GB4785---84
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods and inspection rules for the installation of external lighting and light signallingdevices for motor vehicles and their trailers. This standard is applicable to M, N and O category motor vehicles and trailers. 2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T3977--1997 Method of expressing color GB/T3978--1994 Standard lighting objects and lighting observation conditions GB/T7922-1987 Method of measuring the color of lighting sources 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Vehicle certification
Certification of a certain vehicle model in terms of the number and manner of installation of external lighting and light signal devices. 3.2 Cross section
Vertical plane orthogonal to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. 3.3 Unladen vehicle
Vehicle without driver, crew, passengers or load, but with sufficient fuel, spare wheel and common tools. 3.4 Loaded vehicle
Vehicle loaded with the maximum technically permitted mass determined by the manufacturer. And distributed on the axles according to the loading conditions in Appendix A (Standard Appendix).
3.5 Lamps
Device designed to illuminate the road or send light signals to other road users. License plate lamps and reflectors are also lamps. 3.5.1 Equivalent lamps
Lamps with the same functions and approved by the competent authorities may have different characteristics from the lamps installed for vehicle certification approval, provided that the requirements of this standard are met. 3.5.2 Independent lamps
Devices with separate luminous surfaces (for license plate lamps and Class 5 and 6 turn signal lamps, when the luminous surface does not exist, it is replaced by a light-transmitting surface), separate light sources and lamp bodies.
3.5.3 Combination lamps
GB 4785—1998
Devices with separate luminous surfaces (for license plate lamps and Class 5 and 6 turn signal lamps, when the luminous surface does not exist, it is replaced by a light-transmitting surface), separate light sources and a common lamp body.
3.5.4 Composite lamp
A device having separate light-emitting surfaces (for license plate lamps and category 5 and 6 turn signal lamps, when the light-emitting surface does not exist, it is replaced by a light-transmitting surface), a common light source and a lamp body.
3.5.5 Hybrid lamp
A device having separate light sources or a single light source that operates under different conditions (such as optical, mechanical, electrical differences), a light-emitting surface that is fully or partially shared (for license plate lamps and category 5 and 6 turn signal lamps, when the light-emitting surface does not exist, it is replaced by a light-transmitting surface) and a lamp body. 3.5.6 Retractable lamp
A lamp that can be partially or completely hidden when not in use by moving a cover, or lamp, or by other appropriate means. The term retractable refers specifically to retractable lamps that are hidden inside the vehicle body by moving themselves. 3.5.7 High beam lamp
A lamp that illuminates the road ahead of the vehicle for a long distance. 3.5.8 Low beam lamp
A lamp that illuminates the road ahead of the vehicle without causing dazzle or discomfort to oncoming drivers and other road users. 3.5.9 Turn signal lamp
A lamp used to indicate to other road users that the vehicle is about to turn right or left. 3.5.10 Brake lamp
A lamp that indicates to other road users behind the vehicle that the vehicle is braking. The brake lamp may be illuminated by a retarder or a similar device.
3.5.11 License plate lamp
A device used to illuminate the space behind the license plate, which may consist of several optical elements. 3.5.12 Front position lamp
A lamp that indicates the presence and width of the vehicle when viewed from the front of the vehicle. 3.5.13 Rear position lamp
A lamp that indicates the presence and width of the vehicle when viewed from the rear of the vehicle. 3.5.14 Retroreflector
A device that indicates the presence of a vehicle to an observer near the light source by reflecting light from an external light source. This standard stipulates that retroreflective license plates, various retroreflective signals related to the transportation of hazardous materials, and other retroreflective plates and signals that must be used on certain types of vehicles or operating methods according to national regulations are not retroreflectors. 3.5.15 Danger warning signal
Simultaneously turn on all the turn signal lights on the vehicle to indicate to other road users that the vehicle temporarily poses a special hazard. 3.5.16 Front fog lamp
A lamp used to improve road lighting in fog, snow, rain or dust. 3.5.17 Rear fog lamp
A lamp that makes the vehicle more visible when observed from the rear of the vehicle in heavy fog. 3.5.18 Reversing lamp
A lamp that illuminates the road behind the vehicle and warns other road users that the vehicle is or is about to reverse. 3.5.19 Parking lights
Lights used to draw people's attention to the presence of a stationary vehicle in a certain area. In this case, the parking lights replace the front position lights and rear position lights.
3.5.20 Clearance lights
GB 4785—1998
Lights installed at the outermost edge of the vehicle and as close to the highest top as possible to indicate the width of the vehicle; for some vehicles and trailers, they are used to supplement the front and rear position lights to draw special attention to the whole. 3.5.21 Side marker lights
Lights that indicate the presence of a vehicle when viewed from the side. 3. 6 Luminous surface [See Appendix B (Appendix 3.6.1 of the Standard) Luminous surface of a lighting device (3.5.7, 3.5.8, 3.5.16 and 3.5.18): The vertical projection of the entire aperture of the reflector on a cross section. Or, for a headlamp with an ellipsoidal reflector, the vertical projection of the projection lens on a cross section. If the lighting device does not have a reflector, the definition in 3.6.2 applies. If the light-transmitting surface of the lamp occupies only part of the reflector aperture, only the projection of that part is considered. For a low-beam lamp, the luminous surface is limited by the apparent pattern of the light-dark cutoff on the photometric lens. If the reflector and the photometric lens can be adjusted, they should be in the average adjustment position.
3.6.2 The luminous surface of the signal device other than the retro-reflector (3.5.9~3.5.13, 3.5.15, 3.5.17, 3.5.19~3.5.21): The signal device is vertically projected on a plane perpendicular to the reference axis and tangent to the light-transmitting surface (outer surface). The periphery of the projection is determined by the edges of the shielding frames located on the projection plane. Only 98% of the luminous intensity can be emitted in the direction of the reference axis at a time. In order to determine the upper, lower and lateral edges of the luminous surface, the edges of the shielding frame must be horizontal or vertical. 3.6.3 The luminous surface of the retro-reflector (3.5.14) The projection of the surface of the retro-reflector enclosed by a set of planes on a plane perpendicular to its reference axis. The set of planes is parallel to the reference axis of the retro-reflector and passes through the outermost edge of its optical components. In order to determine the upper, lower and lateral edges of the retro-reflector, only horizontal and vertical planes are considered.
3.7 Apparent surface (see Appendix B)
The apparent surface in a specific viewing direction is, as required by the manufacturer, either the vertical projection of the boundary of the luminous surface projected on the outer surface of the photometric lens on a plane (ab) or the vertical projection of the light-transmitting surface on a plane (cd), which is perpendicular to the viewing direction and tangent to the outermost point of the photometric lens.
3.8 Reference axis
The characteristic axis of the luminaire specified by the manufacturer is used as the reference direction of the angular field of view (H0°, V=0) during photometric measurement and luminaire installation.
3.9 Reference center
The intersection of the reference axis and the external light-transmitting surface is determined by the manufacturer. 3.10 Geometric visibility
The minimum solid angle at which the apparent surface of the luminaire is visible. This solid angle is determined by a portion of a sphere, the centre of which is located at the reference centre of the luminaire and the equator is parallel to the ground. With reference to the reference axis, the horizontal angle β represents the longitude and the vertical angle α represents the latitude. When observed from a distance, there should be no obstacles within the geometric visibility that would hinder the propagation of the light emitted by the apparent surface. If the measurement is made close to the luminaire, the viewing direction must be shifted parallel to obtain the same accuracy. If the luminaire was previously type-approved with obstructions, these obstructions within the geometric visibility may be disregarded. If the luminaire is installed with its apparent surface partially obscured by vehicle components, proof should be provided that the light distribution values required for approval are still met in this case.
3.11 Outer edge end faces
Outer edge end faces on both sides of the vehicle are planes parallel to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle and in contact with the lateral outer edges of the vehicle. This standard specifies the following protrusions as exceptions:
3.11.1 The part of the tire that contacts the ground (deformation) and the connector of the tire pressure sensor. 3.11.2 Various anti-skid devices on the tire. 3.11.3 Rearview mirror.
3.11.4 Side turn signal lights, corridor lights, front and rear position lights, parking lights, retro-reflectors and side marker lights. 199www.bzxz.net
GB 4785—1998
3.11.5 Customs seals fixed on the vehicle, and devices for protecting and fixing these seals. 3.12 Vehicle width
The distance between the two vertical planes defined in 3.11 above. 3.13 Single lamp
refers to a device or a part of a device, which has a function, a luminous surface on its reference axis, and one or more light sources. For vehicle installation, a single lamp also refers to a combination of two independent lamps or combination lamps, whether they are the same or not, have the same function and after installation, the projection of the visible surface on the reference axis is not less than 60% of the minimum rectangular area enclosed by the visible surface in the above reference direction.
In the above case, when each lamp in such a single lamp requires certification, it shall be certified as a "D" type lamp. However, the above combination does not apply to high beam lamps, low beam lamps and front fog lamps. 3.14 Double lamps or even-numbered lamps
A device with a strip-shaped light-transmitting surface. The light-transmitting surface is symmetrical to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle, the distance between its two ends and the outer edge end face of the vehicle is not more than 400mm, the length of the light-transmitting surface is not less than 800mm, and there are not less than two light sources, which are as close as possible to the two ends of the light-transmitting surface; the light-transmitting surface can also be composed of several parallel light-emitting units. In this case, the projection of several parallel light-transmitting surfaces on a cross section is not less than 60% of the minimum rectangular area of the projection of the above single light-transmitting surface.
3.15 Spacing between two lamps
The spacing between two lamps in the same direction is the shortest distance between two visible surfaces in the direction of the reference axis. If the spacing obviously meets the requirements of this standard, it is not necessary to determine the exact edge of the visible surface. 3.16 "Work" indicator
An indicator light or buzzer (or any equivalent signal) used to indicate that a device has been turned on and whether it is working properly. 3.17 "On" indicator
An indicator light (or any equivalent signal) used to indicate that a device has been turned on, but does not indicate whether it is working properly. 3.18 Optional lamp
A lamp that is installed or not at the discretion of the manufacturer. 3.19 Translucent surface (see Appendix B)
The translucent surface of a lighting, signaling device or retro-reflector is the entire or partial outer surface of a transparent material, which is marked by the device manufacturer in the drawing attached to the certification application. 3.20 Ground
The essentially horizontal vehicle parking surface.
3.21 Movable parts of a vehicle
means a body panel or other vehicle part that can be changed in position by tilting, turning or sliding without the use of tools. However, it does not include the tiltable cab of a truck.
3.22 Normal use position of movable parts
The position of movable parts when the vehicle is in normal use and parked, as specified by the manufacturer. 3.23 Normal use position of a vehicle
3.23.1 For a motor vehicle, it means that the vehicle is ready to drive, the engine is started, and the movable parts are in the normal positions specified in 3.22 above.
3.23.2 For a trailer, it means that the vehicle is connected to the towing motor vehicle, the latter is in the state of 3.23.1 above, and its movable parts are also in the normal positions specified in 3.22 above.
3.24 Parked position of a vehicle
3.24.1 For a motor vehicle, it means that the vehicle is stationary, its engine is stopped, and the movable parts are in the normal positions specified in 3.22 above. 3.24.2 For trailers, it means connected to the towing motor vehicle in the state of 3.24.1 above, with the movable parts in the normal position in 3.22 above.
3.25 Device
GB4785-1998
Parts or assemblies used to perform one or more functions. 3.26 Light source for filament lamps
The filament itself. If the lamp has several filaments, each filament is a light source. 3.27 Single-function lamp
The part of the device that performs a single lighting or signaling function. 4 Technical requirements
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 Lighting and signaling devices must comply with the relevant standards and pass product certification. They must be installed in such a way that, under the normal use conditions defined in 3.23.1 and 3.23.2 above, even if subjected to vibration, they should still maintain the characteristics required by this standard, especially the initial adjustment cannot be changed, and the vehicle also complies with the requirements of this standard. 4.1.2 The lighting devices described in 3.5.7, 3.5.8 and 3.5.16 must be installed so that they can be easily adjusted to the correct direction. 4.1.3 All signal devices installed on the side of the vehicle should have their reference axes parallel to the vehicle's parking surface on the road when installed. In addition, for side retro-reflectors and side marker lights, their reference axes must be perpendicular to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle, while the reference axes of all other signal devices are parallel to it. The tolerance in each direction is ±8°. If the manufacturer has other special installation instructions, they must be followed. 4.1.4 If there are no special instructions, when checking the installation height and direction of the lamps, the vehicle under test must be unloaded and placed on a level ground. The vehicle should be in the conditions specified in 3.23.1 and 3.23.2 of 3.23 above. 4.1.5 Unless otherwise specified, lamps in pairs must: 4.1.5.1 be symmetrically mounted on the vehicle relative to the longitudinal plane of symmetry (as judged by the shape of the lamps, not the edge of the luminous surface in 3.6);
4.1.5.2 be symmetrical relative to the longitudinal plane of symmetry. This requirement does not apply to the internal structure of the lamps; 4.1.5.3 meet the same chromaticity requirements;
4.1.5.4 have the same photometric performance.
4.1.6 For vehicles with asymmetrical shapes, the above requirements should also be met as much as possible. 4.1.7 As long as each lamp meets its own light color, installation position, direction, geometric visibility, circuit connection and other requirements, they can be combined, compounded or mixed with each other.
4.1.8 The maximum and minimum heights above the ground should be measured from the highest and lowest points of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis, respectively. For low beam headlights, the minimum height from the ground shall be measured from the lowest point of the effective aperture of the optical system (such as reflectors, photometric lenses, and projection lenses). If the (maximum and minimum) height from the ground clearly meets the requirements of this standard, it is not necessary to determine the exact edge of any surface. Transverse mounting position, for full width: determined by the edge of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. For the spacing between lamps, it is determined by the inner edges of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis. If the transverse mounting position clearly meets the requirements of this standard, it is not necessary to determine the exact edge of any surface. 4.1.9 Unless otherwise specified, only turn signal lights and hazard warning signs are flashing. 4.1.10 For the lamps in 3.5, no red light should be observed from the front of the vehicle, and no white light should be observed from the rear of the vehicle (except for the reversing lamp), except for the vehicle interior lamp. If there is any objection, it should be tested in the following way: 4.1.10.1 Invisibility of red light in front view: When the observer moves and observes in Zone 1 of the cross section 25m in front of the vehicle [see Appendix C (Standard Appendix)], the light-transmitting surface of the red lamp should not be directly visible. 4.1.10.2 Invisibility of white light in rear view: When the observer moves and observes in Zone I of the cross section 25m behind the vehicle (see Appendix C), the light-transmitting surface of the white lamp should not be directly visible. 4.1.10.3 In the above two cross sections, the scope of Zone 1 and Zone 1 for visual detection by the observer is as follows: 4.1.10.3.1 Height: defined by two horizontal planes with a height of 1m and 2.2m from the ground respectively; 4.1.10.3.2 Lateral: defined by two vertical planes in front of the vehicle and behind the vehicle respectively. The two vertical planes form an angle of 15° outwards with the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle and pass through the contact points with the vertical plane that defines the width of the vehicle and is parallel to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. If there are multiple contact points, the front of the vehicle intersects at the frontmost contact point and the rear of the vehicle intersects at the rearmost contact point. 4.1.11 The circuit connection should ensure that the front position lamps, rear position lamps, corridor lamps (if installed), side marker lamps (if installed) and license plate lamps can only be turned on or off at the same time. However, when the front position lamps, rear position lamps and side marker lamps are used as parking lamps (compound or mixed), the above situation does not apply. 4.1.12 The circuit connection should ensure that the high beam, low beam and front fog lamp can only be turned on when the lights in 4.1.11 above are turned on. However, the above situation does not apply when the high beam and low beam are giving warning signals (i.e., the high beam or low beam is turned on intermittently, or the high beam and low beam are turned on alternately and intermittently).
4.1.13 Indicator
The "on" indicator in this standard may be replaced by the "working" indicator. 4.1.14 Concealable lighting
4.1.14.1 Except for the high beam, low beam and front fog lamp, which can be concealed when not in use, other lamps shall not be concealed. 4.1.14.2 If the control device of the concealable lighting in use fails, the lamp must still be in the use position or can be moved to the use position without the use of tools.
4.1.14.3 The concealable lighting can be moved to the use position and turned on or not turned on by a control switch. However, when the high beam and low beam are combined, the above control switch is only required to turn on the low beam. 4.1.14.4 The control switch at the driver's seat shall not be able to stop the movement of the switched-on lamp before reaching the use position. If the movement will cause dazzle to other road users, the lamp shall be switched on only when the use position is reached. 4.1.14.5 The headlamp shall reach the use position within 3 seconds once the control switch is turned on, provided that the device is within the range of -30 to +50°C. 4.1.15 Except as provided in 4.1.16, 4.1.17 and 4.1.18 below, lamps may be mounted on movable parts. 4.1.16 Rear position lamps, rear turn signal lamps, triangular and non-triangular retro-reflectors shall not be mounted on movable parts unless the requirements for mounting position, geometric visibility and photometric performance are met in all fixed positions of the movable parts. If the above functions are performed by a two-lamp assembly marked with a "D" (3.13), only one of the lamps needs to meet the above requirements.
4.1.17 When viewed from the reference axis, any movable part (whether or not equipped with a signal device) in any of its fixed positions shall not obscure more than 50% of its visible surface, including the front and rear position lamps, front and rear turn signal lamps and front and rear retro-reflectors. If the above requirements are not applicable, then:
4.1.17.1 In the remarks column of the certification notice, it shall be stated that in the reference axis direction, the movable part may obscure more than 50% of the visible surface.
4.1.17.2 In the above cases, there shall be notices on the vehicle to inform the user that in certain positions of the movable part, a warning triangle or other device prescribed by the relevant road use country shall be used to warn other road users of the presence of the vehicle. 4.1.18 When the movable part is not in the normal use position referred to in 3.22 above, the device installed on the part shall not cause excessive discomfort to other road users.
4.1.19 When a lamp is mounted on a movable part and the latter is in the normal use position as specified in 3.22 above, the lamp shall always be able to return to the position specified by the manufacturer in accordance with the requirements of this standard. For dipped beam lamps and front fog lamps, if the movable part is moved from the normal use position and returned 10 times, the deviation between the measured inclination angle relative to its support and the average value of the 10 times is not greater than 0.15%, the above requirements are met.
If the deviation is greater than 0.15%, when the vehicle is inspected in accordance with Appendix D (Standard Appendix), in order to reduce the allowable range of inclination, each limit specified in 4.3.2.6.1.1 below shall be modified according to the deviation. 4.1.20 Except for retro-reflectors, all lamps (including lamps with certification marks) shall be able to operate normally after their own bulbs are installed.
4.1.21 The number of lamps installed on the vehicle shall be equal to the corresponding provisions in 4.3.1 to 4.3.18. 4.2 Light color and chromaticity characteristics
4.2.1 The light color adopts the GB/T3977 system.
GB 4785—1998
4.2.2 The light color measurement adopts the GB/T 3978 standard illuminant A. 4.2.3 The light color of the lamp shall be as specified in Table 1.
Table 1 Light color
Lamp name
High beam
Low beam
Turn signal lamp
Brake lamp
License plate lamp
Front position lamp
Rear position lamp
Non-triangular rear retro-reflector
Triangular rear retro-reflector
Non-triangular front retro-reflector
(i.e. white or colorless retro-reflector)
Non-triangular side retro-reflector| |tt||Hazard warning signal
Front fog lamp
Rear fog lamp
Reversing lamp
Parking lamp
Side marker lamp
Amber
Same as human-radiated light
Amber, if combined with rear position lamp, rear corridor lamp, rear fog lamp, brake lamp or rearmost red side marker lamp, or share a light-transmitting surface, it can be red
Amber
White or yellow
White at the front and red at the rear. If mixed with side turn signal lamp and side marker lamp, it can be amber. White at the front and red at the rear
Amber. If combined, compounded, or mixed with rear position lamp, rear corridor lamp, rear fog lamp, brake lamp, or combined with rear retro-reflector or share a light-transmitting surface, the rearmost side marker lamp can be red. The chromaticity characteristics shall be as specified in Table 2, and the measurement method of GB/T7922 shall be adopted. 4.2.4
Table 2 Chromaticity characteristics
Amber
Yellow limit
Purple limit
Blue limit
Yellow limit
Green limit
Green limit
Purple limit
Red limit
Yellow limit
Red limit
White limit
Red limit
Green limit
White limit
Hyperspectral trajectory limit
2≤0.008
r≥0.310
y≤0.150+0.640z
y≥0. 050+0. 750r
y≥0.382
y≥0.398
z≤0.007
y≥0.138+0.580x
≤1.29±—0.100
y≥—2+0.940
y≥0.440
—±+0.992
Chromaticity characteristics
4.3 Special provisions
4.3.1 High beam
GB 4785—1998
4.3.1.1 Equipment: Must be equipped for vehicles, and trailers are prohibited from using them. 4.3.1.2 Quantity: Two or four. When a vehicle is equipped with four concealable headlamps, two of the additional headlamps are only approved for emitting intermittent flashing warning signals during the day.
4.3.1.3 Layout: No special requirements.
4.3.1.4 Position
4.3.1.4.1 Horizontal: No special requirements.
4.3.1.4.2 Height: No special requirements.
4.3.1.4.3 Longitudinal: Installed in front of the vehicle, the emitted light must not directly or indirectly pass through the rearview mirror or other reflective surfaces of the vehicle to cause discomfort to the driver.
4.3.1.5 Geometric visibility: The visibility of the luminous surface (including the visibility of the area that does not seem to emit light from the viewing direction) must be guaranteed within the diffusion area formed by the multiple generatrixes on its perimeter. The angle between this area and the reference axis of the headlamp is not less than 5°. The projection boundary of the luminous surface in the cross section of the frontmost part of the light distribution mirror is the beginning of the geometric visibility angle, see Figure 1. 4.3.1.6 Direction: Forward. In addition to the need to maintain the correct adjustment of the device, when there are two pairs of headlamps, one pair that only functions as high beam can be rotated around the vertical axis according to the steering angle. 4.3.1.7 Circuit connection
4.3.1.7.1 High beam lamps can be turned on simultaneously or in pairs. When changing from low beam to high beam, at least one pair of high beam lamps must be turned on. When changing from high beam to low beam, all high beam lamps must be turned off at the same time. 4.3.1.7.2 When the high beam is on, the low beam is also allowed to be on. 4.3.1.7.3 When four stowable headlamps are installed, their raised position should prevent any auxiliary headlamps from working at the same time. The latter are only used to emit intermittent light signals during the day.
Figure 1 Geometric visibility of high beam
4.3.1.8 Indicator: an on indicator must be provided. 4.3.1.9 Other requirements: When all headlamps are turned on at the same time, the total maximum high beam luminous intensity should not exceed 225,000 cd. 204
4.3.2 Low beam
GB 4785—1998
4.3.2.1 Configuration: Must be equipped for motor vehicles, and prohibited for trailers. 4.3.2.2 Quantity: Two.
4.3.2.3 Layout: No special requirements.
4.3.2.4 Position
4.3.2.4.1 Transversely: The distance from the outer edge of the visible surface in the direction of the reference axis farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle to the outer edge end face of the vehicle shall not be greater than 400 mm; in the direction of the reference axis, the distance between the adjacent edges of the two visible surfaces shall not be less than 600 mm. If the width of the vehicle is less than 1300 mm, the above spacing may be reduced to 400 mm. 4.3.2.4.2 Height: The height from the ground shall not be less than 500 mm and not more than 1200 mm. 4.3.2.4.3 Longitudinal: Installed in front of the vehicle. The requirement is met if the emitted light does not cause discomfort to the driver directly or indirectly due to the rearview mirror or other reflective surfaces of the vehicle.
4.3.2.5 Geometric visibility: Determined by the α and β angles defined in 3.10. α: 15° upwards and 10° downwards;
β: 45° outwards and 10° inwards.
Since the required light distribution value of the low beam does not cover the entire geometric field of view, the minimum luminous intensity requirement in the remaining space for type inspection is 1cd. The presence of other components adjacent to the headlamp should not cause discomfort to other road users. See Figure 2. Figure 2 Geometric visibility of low beam
4.3.2.6 Direction: forward.
4.3.2.6.1 Vertical direction
4.3.2.6.1.1 The manufacturer shall specify the initial downward inclination of the low beam cut-off line under the condition of an unladen vehicle with one person in the driver's seat with an accuracy of 0.1%, and mark this value on the manufacturer's nameplate of each vehicle or near the headlamp with the specified symbol [see Appendix E (Suggestive Appendix)]. This mark shall be clear and durable. 4.3.2.6.1.2 The determination of the downward inclination value depends on the installation height h (unit: m) of the lower edge of the apparent surface of the low beam headlight in the direction of the reference axis. When measuring a stationary vehicle in each loading condition in Appendix A of this Standard, the vertical inclination of the low beam cut-off line shall be kept within the following limits, and the initial aiming shall also be within the following range: 205
0.8≤h≤1.0
or according to the manufacturer's regulations:
GB4785-1998
Limit: -0.5% ~～ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ -1.5%
Limit: 0.5% ~ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ 1.5%
Limit: 1.0% ~～ —3. 0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
In this case, which value is used when submitting the vehicle model approval should be stated h>1.0
Limit: -1. 0%～--3.0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
The above requirements for limit and initial aiming values are shown in Figure 3. hmf
Figure 3 Determination of the downward inclination value of the low beam
3.0 main, %
4.3.2.6.2 Measurement method: After the initial inclination adjustment, the vertical inclination of the low beam expressed as a percentage should be measured under static conditions of all loading conditions determined in Appendix A. 4.3.2.7 Circuit connection: When changing the low beam, all high beams must be turned off at the same time. When the high beam is on, the low beam is allowed to be turned on as well. 4.3.2.8 Indicator: Optional.
4.3.2.9 Other requirements: The requirements of 4.1.5.2 do not apply to dipped beams. Dipped beams should not rotate with the steering angle. 4.3.3 Turn signal lamps
4.3.3.1 Configuration: Must be equipped on vehicles and trailers. Layout A is applicable to all kinds of vehicles, and layout B is only applicable to trailers. 4.3.3.2 Quantity: Depends on the layout.
4.3.3.3 Layout: See Figure 4.
Layout A
GB 4785--1998
The upper limit of the rearward visibility blind spot of the turn signal lamp is 5°, d<1.80m. Layout B
Figure 4 Turn signal lamp layout
4.3.3.3.1 Layout A: Applicable to all kinds of vehicles. Category 2a, 2b
Category 2a, 2b
4.3.3.3.1.1 Two front turn signal lamps: If the distance between the visible surface edge of the turn signal lamp and the visible surface edge of the adjacent side beam lamp or front fog lamp in the reference axis direction is greater than 40mm, two Category 1, or Category 1a, or Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped; if the above spacing is greater than 20mm and less than 40mm, two Category 1a, or Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped; if the above spacing is not greater than 20mm, two Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped. 4.3.3.3.1.2 Two (Category 2a or Category 2b) rear turn signal lamps 4.3.3.3.1.3 Two Category 5 or Category 6 side turn signal lamps (minimum requirement): Category 5 applies to Mi vehicles, as well as Ni, M2 and M vehicles with a length not exceeding 6m. Category 6 applies to vehicles of categories N2 and N:; and vehicles of categories Ni, M2 and M: with a length of more than 6m. In all cases, Category 6 side turn signal lamps are permitted to replace Category 5. When the turn signal lamps are equipped with both the functions of front turn signal lamps (category 1, 1a, 1b) and side turn signal lamps (category 5 or 6), two additional side turn signal lamps (category 5 or 6) may be equipped to meet the visibility requirements of 4.3.3.5. 4.3.3.3.2 Layout B: Applicable to trailers only. Two (category 2a or 2b) rear turn signal lamps. 4.3.3.4 Installation position
4.3.3.4.1 Transverse: In the direction of the reference axis, the distance between the edge of the visible surface farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle and the outer end face of the vehicle shall not be greater than 400mm.
In the reference direction, the distance between the inner edges of two adjacent visible surfaces shall not be less than 600mm. If the width of the vehicle is less than 1300 mm, the above spacing may be reduced to 400 mm. 4.3.3.4.2 Ground clearance
4.3.3.4.2.1 The ground clearance of the light-transmitting surface of a Category 5 or 6 side turn signal lamp shall not be less than 500 mm when measured from the lowest point, or not more than 1.500 mm when measured from the highest point. 4.3.3.4.2.2 The ground clearance of a Category 1, 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b turn signal lamp shall not be less than 350 mm and not more than 1500 mm when measured in accordance with the provisions of 4.1.8.
4.3.3.4.2.3 If the vehicle structure cannot guarantee the above upper limits of the ground clearance, the ground clearance of Category 5 and 6 side turn signal lamps shall not be more than 2300 mm, and the ground clearance of Category 1, 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b turn signal lamps shall not be more than 2100 mm. 2076 Direction: forward. In addition to the need to maintain the correct adjustment of the device, when there are two pairs of headlamps, one pair of which only functions as high beam can be rotated around the vertical axis according to the steering angle. 4.3.1.7 Circuit connection
4.3.1.7.1 The high beam lamps can be turned on simultaneously or in pairs. When changing from low beam to high beam, at least one pair of high beam lamps must be turned on. When changing from high beam to low beam, all high beam lamps must be turned off at the same time. 4.3.1.7.2 When the high beam lamp is turned on, the low beam lamp is allowed to be turned on as well. 4.3.1.7.3 When four retractable headlamps are installed, their raised position should prevent any auxiliary headlamp from operating simultaneously, the latter is only used to send intermittent light signals during the day.
Figure 1 High beam lamp geometric visibility
4.3.1.8 Indicator: A switch-on indicator must be provided. 4.3.1.9 Other requirements: When all headlamps are turned on at the same time, the total maximum high beam luminous intensity shall not exceed 225,000 cd. 204
4.3.2 Low beam
GB 4785—1998
4.3.2.1 Equipment: Must be equipped for vehicles, and prohibited for trailers.
4.3.2.2 Quantity: Two.
4.3.2.3 Layout: No special requirements.
4.3.2.4 Position
4.3.2.4.1 Transverse: The distance from the outer edge of the visible surface in the direction of the reference axis farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle to the outer edge end face of the vehicle shall not be greater than 400 mm; in the direction of the reference axis, the distance between the adjacent edges of the two visible surfaces shall not be less than 600 mm. If the width of the vehicle is less than 1,300 mm, the above spacing may be reduced to 400 mm. 4.3.2.4.2 Height: not less than 500mm and not more than 1200mm above the ground. 4.3.2.4.3 Longitudinal: installed in front of the vehicle. The requirement is met if the emitted light does not cause discomfort to the driver directly or indirectly due to the rearview mirror or other reflective surfaces of the vehicle.
4.3.2.5 Geometric visibility: determined by the angles α and β defined in 3.10. α: 15° upwards and 10° downwards;
β: 45° outwards and 10° inwards.
Since the required light distribution value of the low beam does not cover the entire geometric field of view, the minimum luminous intensity in the remaining space for type inspection is required to be 1cd. The presence of other components adjacent to the headlamp should not cause discomfort to other road users. See Figure 2. Figure 2 Geometric visibility of low beam
4.3.2.6 Direction: forward.
4.3.2.6.1 Vertical direction
4.3.2.6.1.1 The manufacturer shall specify the initial downward inclination of the low beam cut-off line with an unladen vehicle with one person in the driver's seat with an accuracy of 0.1%, and mark this value on the manufacturer's nameplate of each vehicle or near the headlamp with the specified symbol [see Appendix E (Suggestive Appendix)]. This mark shall be clear and durable. 4.3.2.6.1.2 The determination of the downward inclination value depends on the installation height h (unit: m) of the lower edge of the apparent surface of the low beam headlight in the direction of the reference axis. When measuring a stationary vehicle in each loading condition in Appendix A of this Standard, the vertical inclination of the low beam cut-off line shall be kept within the following limits, and the initial aiming shall also be within the following range: 205
0.8≤h≤1.0
or according to the manufacturer's regulations:
GB4785-1998
Limit: -0.5% ~～ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ -1.5%
Limit: 0.5% ~ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ 1.5%
Limit: 1.0% ~～ —3. 0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
In this case, which value is used when submitting the vehicle model approval should be stated h>1.0
Limit: -1. 0%～--3.0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
The above requirements for limit and initial aiming values are shown in Figure 3. hmf
Figure 3 Determination of the downward inclination value of the low beam
3.0 main, %
4.3.2.6.2 Measurement method: After the initial inclination adjustment, the vertical inclination of the low beam expressed as a percentage should be measured under static conditions of all loading conditions determined in Appendix A. 4.3.2.7 Circuit connection: When changing the low beam, all high beams must be turned off at the same time. When the high beam is on, the low beam is allowed to be turned on as well. 4.3.2.8 Indicator: Optional.
4.3.2.9 Other requirements: The requirements of 4.1.5.2 do not apply to dipped beams. Dipped beams should not rotate with the steering angle. 4.3.3 Turn signal lamps
4.3.3.1 Configuration: Must be equipped on vehicles and trailers. Layout A is applicable to all kinds of vehicles, and layout B is only applicable to trailers. 4.3.3.2 Quantity: Depends on the layout.
4.3.3.3 Layout: See Figure 4.
Layout A
GB 4785--1998
The upper limit of the rearward visibility blind spot of the turn signal lamp is 5°, d<1.80m. Layout B
Figure 4 Turn signal lamp layout
4.3.3.3.1 Layout A: Applicable to all kinds of vehicles. Category 2a, 2b
Category 2a, 2b
4.3.3.3.1.1 Two front turn signal lamps: If the distance between the visible surface edge of the turn signal lamp and the visible surface edge of the adjacent side beam lamp or front fog lamp in the reference axis direction is greater than 40mm, two Category 1, or Category 1a, or Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped; if the above spacing is greater than 20mm and less than 40mm, two Category 1a, or Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped; if the above spacing is not greater than 20mm, two Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped. 4.3.3.3.1.2 Two (Category 2a or Category 2b) rear turn signal lamps 4.3.3.3.1.3 Two Category 5 or Category 6 side turn signal lamps (minimum requirement): Category 5 applies to Mi vehicles, as well as Ni, M2 and M vehicles with a length not exceeding 6m. Category 6 applies to vehicles of categories N2 and N:; and vehicles of categories Ni, M2 and M: with a length of more than 6m. In all cases, Category 6 side turn signal lamps are permitted to replace Category 5. When the turn signal lamps are equipped with both the functions of front turn signal lamps (category 1, 1a, 1b) and side turn signal lamps (category 5 or 6), two additional side turn signal lamps (category 5 or 6) may be equipped to meet the visibility requirements of 4.3.3.5. 4.3.3.3.2 Layout B: Applicable to trailers only. Two (category 2a or 2b) rear turn signal lamps. 4.3.3.4 Installation position
4.3.3.4.1 Transverse: In the direction of the reference axis, the distance between the edge of the visible surface farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle and the outer end face of the vehicle shall not be greater than 400mm.
In the reference direction, the distance between the inner edges of two adjacent visible surfaces shall not be less than 600mm. If the width of the vehicle is less than 1300 mm, the above spacing may be reduced to 400 mm. 4.3.3.4.2 Ground clearance
4.3.3.4.2.1 The ground clearance of the light-transmitting surface of a Category 5 or 6 side turn signal lamp shall not be less than 500 mm when measured from the lowest point, or not more than 1.500 mm when measured from the highest point. 4.3.3.4.2.2 The ground clearance of a Category 1, 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b turn signal lamp shall not be less than 350 mm and not more than 1500 mm when measured in accordance with the provisions of 4.1.8.
4.3.3.4.2.3 If the vehicle structure cannot guarantee the above upper limits of the ground clearance, the ground clearance of Category 5 and 6 side turn signal lamps shall not be more than 2300 mm, and the ground clearance of Category 1, 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b turn signal lamps shall not be more than 2100 mm. 2076 Direction: forward. In addition to the need to maintain the correct adjustment of the device, when there are two pairs of headlamps, one pair of which only functions as high beam can be rotated around the vertical axis according to the steering angle. 4.3.1.7 Circuit connection
4.3.1.7.1 The high beam lamps can be turned on simultaneously or in pairs. When changing from low beam to high beam, at least one pair of high beam lamps must be turned on. When changing from high beam to low beam, all high beam lamps must be turned off at the same time. 4.3.1.7.2 When the high beam lamp is turned on, the low beam lamp is allowed to be turned on as well. 4.3.1.7.3 When four retractable headlamps are installed, their raised position should prevent any auxiliary headlamp from operating simultaneously, the latter is only used to send intermittent light signals during the day.
Figure 1 High beam lamp geometric visibility
4.3.1.8 Indicator: A switch-on indicator must be provided. 4.3.1.9 Other requirements: When all headlamps are turned on at the same time, the total maximum high beam luminous intensity shall not exceed 225,000 cd. 204
4.3.2 Low beam
GB 4785—1998
4.3.2.1 Equipment: Must be equipped for vehicles, and prohibited for trailers.
4.3.2.2 Quantity: Two.
4.3.2.3 Layout: No special requirements.
4.3.2.4 Position
4.3.2.4.1 Transverse: The distance from the outer edge of the visible surface in the direction of the reference axis farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle to the outer edge end face of the vehicle shall not be greater than 400 mm; in the direction of the reference axis, the distance between the adjacent edges of the two visible surfaces shall not be less than 600 mm. If the width of the vehicle is less than 1,300 mm, the above spacing may be reduced to 400 mm. 4.3.2.4.2 Height: not less than 500mm and not more than 1200mm above the ground. 4.3.2.4.3 Longitudinal: installed in front of the vehicle. The requirement is met if the emitted light does not cause discomfort to the driver directly or indirectly due to the rearview mirror or other reflective surfaces of the vehicle.
4.3.2.5 Geometric visibility: determined by the angles α and β defined in 3.10. α: 15° upwards and 10° downwards;
β: 45° outwards and 10° inwards.
Since the required light distribution value of the low beam does not cover the entire geometric field of view, the minimum luminous intensity in the remaining space for type inspection is required to be 1cd. The presence of other components adjacent to the headlamp should not cause discomfort to other road users. See Figure 2. Figure 2 Geometric visibility of low beam
4.3.2.6 Direction: forward.
4.3.2.6.1 Vertical direction
4.3.2.6.1.1 The manufacturer shall specify the initial downward inclination of the low beam cut-off line with an unladen vehicle with one person in the driver's seat with an accuracy of 0.1%, and mark this value on the manufacturer's nameplate of each vehicle or near the headlamp with the specified symbol [see Appendix E (Suggestive Appendix)]. This mark shall be clear and durable. 4.3.2.6.1.2 The determination of the downward inclination value depends on the installation height h (unit: m) of the lower edge of the apparent surface of the low beam headlight in the direction of the reference axis. When measuring a stationary vehicle in each loading condition in Appendix A of this Standard, the vertical inclination of the low beam cut-off line shall be kept within the following limits, and the initial aiming shall also be within the following range: 205
0.8≤h≤1.0
or according to the manufacturer's regulations:
GB4785-1998
Limit: -0.5% ~～ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ -1.5%
Limit: 0.5% ~ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ 1.5%
Limit: 1.0% ~～ —3. 0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
In this case, which value is used when submitting the vehicle model approval should be stated h>1.0
Limit: -1. 0%～--3.0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
The above requirements for limit and initial aiming values are shown in Figure 3. hmf
Figure 3 Determination of the downward inclination value of the low beam
3.0 main, %
4.3.2.6.2 Measurement method: After the initial inclination adjustment, the vertical inclination of the low beam expressed as a percentage should be measured under static conditions of all loading conditions determined in Appendix A. 4.3.2.7 Circuit connection: When changing the low beam, all high beams must be turned off at the same time. When the high beam is on, the low beam is allowed to be turned on as well. 4.3.2.8 Indicator: Optional.
4.3.2.9 Other requirements: The requirements of 4.1.5.2 do not apply to dipped beams. Dipped beams should not rotate with the steering angle. 4.3.3 Turn signal lamps
4.3.3.1 Configuration: Must be equipped on vehicles and trailers. Layout A is applicable to all kinds of vehicles, and layout B is only applicable to trailers. 4.3.3.2 Quantity: Depends on the layout.
4.3.3.3 Layout: See Figure 4.
Layout A
GB 4785--1998
The upper limit of the rearward visibility blind spot of the turn signal lamp is 5°, d<1.80m. Layout B
Figure 4 Turn signal lamp layout
4.3.3.3.1 Layout A: Applicable to all kinds of vehicles. Category 2a, 2b
Category 2a, 2b
4.3.3.3.1.1 Two front turn signal lamps: If the distance between the visible surface edge of the turn signal lamp and the visible surface edge of the adjacent side beam lamp or front fog lamp in the reference axis direction is greater than 40mm, two Category 1, or Category 1a, or Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped; if the above spacing is greater than 20mm and less than 40mm, two Category 1a, or Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped; if the above spacing is not greater than 20mm, two Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped. 4.3.3.3.1.2 Two (Category 2a or Category 2b) rear turn signal lamps 4.3.3.3.1.3 Two Category 5 or Category 6 side turn signal lamps (minimum requirement): Category 5 applies to Mi vehicles, as well as Ni, M2 and M vehicles with a length not exceeding 6m. Category 6 applies to vehicles of categories N2 and N:; and vehicles of categories Ni, M2 and M: with a length of more than 6m. In all cases, Category 6 side turn signal lamps are permitted to replace Category 5. When the turn signal lamps are equipped with both the functions of front turn signal lamps (category 1, 1a, 1b) and side turn signal lamps (category 5 or 6), two additional side turn signal lamps (category 5 or 6) may be equipped to meet the visibility requirements of 4.3.3.5. 4.3.3.3.2 Layout B: Applicable to trailers only. Two (category 2a or 2b) rear turn signal lamps. 4.3.3.4 Installation position
4.3.3.4.1 Transverse: In the direction of the reference axis, the distance between the edge of the visible surface farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle and the outer end face of the vehicle shall not be greater than 400mm.
In the reference direction, the distance between the inner edges of two adjacent visible surfaces shall not be less than 600mm. If the width of the vehicle is less than 1300 mm, the above spacing may be reduced to 400 mm. 4.3.3.4.2 Ground clearance
4.3.3.4.2.1 The ground clearance of the light-transmitting surface of a Category 5 or 6 side turn signal lamp shall not be less than 500 mm when measured from the lowest point, or not more than 1.500 mm when measured from the highest point. 4.3.3.4.2.2 The ground clearance of a Category 1, 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b turn signal lamp shall not be less than 350 mm and not more than 1500 mm when measured in accordance with the provisions of 4.1.8.
4.3.3.4.2.3 If the vehicle structure cannot guarantee the above upper limits of the ground clearance, the ground clearance of Category 5 and 6 side turn signal lamps shall not be more than 2300 mm, and the ground clearance of Category 1, 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b turn signal lamps shall not be more than 2100 mm. 2071. Equipment: It must be equipped for vehicles, and trailers are prohibited from using it. 4.3.2.2. Quantity: Two.
4.3.2.3. Layout: No special requirements.
4.3.2.4. Position
4.3.2.4.1. Transverse: The distance from the outer edge of the visible surface in the direction of the reference axis farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle to the outer edge end face of the vehicle should not be greater than 400mm; in the direction of the reference axis, the distance between the adjacent edges of the two visible surfaces should not be less than 600mm. If the width of the vehicle is less than 1300mm, the above spacing can be reduced to 400mm. 4.3.2.4.2. Height: The height from the ground should not be less than 500mm and not more than 1200mm. 4.3.2.4.3. Longitudinal: Installed in front of the vehicle. If the emitted light does not cause discomfort to the driver directly or indirectly due to the rearview mirror or other reflective surfaces of the vehicle, the requirements are met.
4.3.2.5 Geometric visibility: Determined by the angles α and β defined in 3.10. α: 15° upwards and 10° downwards;
β: 45° outwards and 10° inwards.
Since the required light distribution value of the low beam does not cover the entire geometric field of view, the minimum luminous intensity requirement in the remaining space for type inspection is 1cd. The presence of other components adjacent to the headlamp should not cause discomfort to other road users. See Figure 2. Figure 2 Geometric visibility of low beam
4.3.2.6 Direction: forward.
4.3.2.6.1 Vertical direction
4.3.2.6.1.1 The manufacturer shall specify the initial downward inclination of the low beam cut-off line with an unladen vehicle with one person in the driver's seat with an accuracy of 0.1%, and mark this value on the manufacturer's nameplate of each vehicle or near the headlamp with the specified symbol [see Appendix E (Suggestive Appendix)]. This mark shall be clear and durable. 4.3.2.6.1.2 The determination of the downward inclination value depends on the installation height h (unit: m) of the lower edge of the apparent surface of the low beam headlight in the direction of the reference axis. When measuring a stationary vehicle in each loading condition in Appendix A of this Standard, the vertical inclination of the low beam cut-off line shall be kept within the following limits, and the initial aiming shall also be within the following range: 205
0.8≤h≤1.0
or according to the manufacturer's regulations:
GB4785-1998
Limit: -0.5% ~～ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ -1.5%
Limit: 0.5% ~ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ 1.5%
Limit: 1.0% ~～ —3. 0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
In this case, which value is used when submitting the vehicle model approval should be stated h>1.0
Limit: -1. 0%～--3.0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
The above requirements for limit and initial aiming values are shown in Figure 3. hmf
Figure 3 Determination of the downward inclination value of the low beam
3.0 main, %
4.3.2.6.2 Measurement method: After the initial inclination adjustment, the vertical inclination of the low beam expressed as a percentage should be measured under static conditions of all loading conditions determined in Appendix A. 4.3.2.7 Circuit connection: When changing the low beam, all high beams must be turned off at the same time. When the high beam is on, the low beam is allowed to be turned on as well. 4.3.2.8 Indicator: Optional.
4.3.2.9 Other requirements: The requirements of 4.1.5.2 do not apply to dipped beams. Dipped beams should not rotate with the steering angle. 4.3.3 Turn signal lamps
4.3.3.1 Configuration: Must be equipped on vehicles and trailers. Layout A is applicable to all kinds of vehicles, and layout B is only applicable to trailers. 4.3.3.2 Quantity: Depends on the layout.
4.3.3.3 Layout: See Figure 4.
Layout A
GB 4785--1998
The upper limit of the rearward visibility blind spot of the turn signal lamp is 5°, d<1.80m. Layout B
Figure 4 Turn signal lamp layout
4.3.3.3.1 Layout A: Applicable to all kinds of vehicles. Category 2a, 2b
Category 2a, 2b
4.3.3.3.1.1 Two front turn signal lamps: If the distance between the visible surface edge of the turn signal lamp and the visible surface edge of the adjacent side beam lamp or front fog lamp in the reference axis direction is greater than 40mm, two Category 1, or Category 1a, or Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped; if the above spacing is greater than 20mm and less than 40mm, two Category 1a, or Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped; if the above spacing is not greater than 20mm, two Category 1b front turn signal lamps shall be equipped. 4.3.3.3.1.2 Two (Category 2a or Category 2b) rear turn signal lamps 4.3.3.3.1.3 Two Category 5 or Category 6 side turn signal lamps (minimum requirement): Category 5 applies to Mi vehicles, as well as Ni, M2 and M vehicles with a length not exceeding 6m. Category 6 applies to vehicles of categories N2 and N:; and vehicles of categories Ni, M2 and M: with a length of more than 6m. In all cases, Category 6 side turn signal lamps are permitted to replace Category 5. When the turn signal lamps are equipped with both the functions of front turn signal lamps (category 1, 1a, 1b) and side turn signal lamps (category 5 or 6), two additional side turn signal lamps (category 5 or 6) may be equipped to meet the visibility requirements of 4.3.3.5. 4.3.3.3.2 Layout B: Applicable to trailers only. Two (category 2a or 2b) rear turn signal lamps. 4.3.3.4 Installation position
4.3.3.4.1 Transverse: In the direction of the reference axis, the distance between the edge of the visible surface farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle and the outer end face of the vehicle shall not be greater than 400mm.
In the reference direction, the distance between the inner edges of two adjacent visible surfaces shall not be less than 600mm. If the width of the vehicle is less than 1300 mm, the above spacing may be reduced to 400 mm. 4.3.3.4.2 Ground clearance
4.3.3.4.2.1 The ground clearance of the light-transmitting surface of a Category 5 or 6 side turn signal lamp shall not be less than 500 mm when measured from the lowest point, or not more than 1.500 mm when measured from the highest point. 4.3.3.4.2.2 The ground clearance of a Category 1, 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b turn signal lamp shall not be less than 350 mm and not more than 1500 mm when measured in accordance with the provisions of 4.1.8.
4.3.3.4.2.3 If the vehicle structure cannot guarantee the above upper limits of the ground clearance, the ground clearance of Category 5 and 6 side turn signal lamps shall not be more than 2300 mm, and the ground clearance of Category 1, 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b turn signal lamps shall not be more than 2100 mm. 2071. Equipment: It must be equipped for vehicles, and trailers are prohibited from using it. 4.3.2.2. Quantity: Two.
4.3.2.3. Layout: No special requirements.
4.3.2.4. Position
4.3.2.4.1. Transverse: The distance from the outer edge of the visible surface in the direction of the reference axis farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle to the outer edge end face of the vehicle should not be greater than 400mm; in the direction of the reference axis, the distance between the adjacent edges of the two visible surfaces should not be less than 600mm. If the width of the vehicle is less than 1300mm, the above spacing can be reduced to 400mm. 4.3.2.4.2. Height: The height from the ground should not be less than 500mm and not more than 1200mm. 4.3.2.4.3. Longitudinal: Installed in front of the vehicle. If the emitted light does not cause discomfort to the driver directly or indirectly due to the rearview mirror or other reflective surfaces of the vehicle, the requirements are met.
4.3.2.5 Geometric visibility: Determined by the angles α and β defined in 3.10. α: 15° upwards and 10° downwards;
β: 45° outwards and 10° inwards.
Since the required light distribution value of the low beam does not cover the entire geometric field of view, the minimum luminous intensity requirement in the remaining space for type inspection is 1cd. The presence of other components adjacent to the headlamp should not cause discomfort to other road users. See Figure 2. Figure 2 Geometric visibility of low beam
4.3.2.6 Direction: forward.
4.3.2.6.1 Vertical direction
4.3.2.6.1.1 The manufacturer shall specify the initial downward inclination of the low beam cut-off line with an unladen vehicle with one person in the driver's seat with an accuracy of 0.1%, and mark this value on the manufacturer's nameplate of each vehicle or near the headlamp with the specified symbol [see Appendix E (Suggestive Appendix)]. This mark shall be clear and durable. 4.3.2.6.1.2 The determination of the downward inclination value depends on the installation height h (unit: m) of the lower edge of the apparent surface of the low beam headlight in the direction of the reference axis. When measuring a stationary vehicle in each loading condition in Appendix A of this Standard, the vertical inclination of the low beam cut-off line shall be kept within the following limits, and the initial aiming shall also be within the following range: 205
0.8≤h≤1.0
or according to the manufacturer's regulations:
GB4785-1998
Limit: -0.5% ~～ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ -1.5%
Limit: 0.5% ~ —2.5%
Initial aiming: -1.0% ~ 1.5%
Limit: 1.0% ~～ —3. 0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
In this case, which value is used when submitting the vehicle model approval should be stated h>1.0
Limit: -1. 0%～--3.0%
Initial aiming: -1.5%～-2.0%
The above requirements for limit and initial aiming values are shown in Figure 3. hmf
Figure 3 Determination of the downward inclination value of the low beam
3.0 main, %
4.3.2.6.2 Measurement method: After the initial inclination adjustment, the vertical inclination of the low beam expressed as a percentage should be measured under static conditions of all loading conditions determined in Appendix A. 4.3.2.7 Circuit connection: When changing the low beam, all high beams must be turned off at the same time. When the high beam is on, the low beam is allowed to be turned on as well. 4.3.2.8 Indicator: Optional.
4.3.2.9 Other requirements: The requirements of 4.1.5.2 do not apply to dipped beams. Dipped beams should not rotate with the steering angle. 4.3.3 Turn signal lamps
4.3.3.1 Configuration: Must be equipped on vehicles and trailers. Layout A is applicable to all kinds of vehicles, and layout B is only applicable to trailers. 4.3.3.2 Quantity: Depends on the layout.
4.3.3.3 Layout: See Figure 4.
Layout A
GB 4785--1998
The upper limit of the rearward visibility blind spot of the turn signal lamp is 5°, d<1.80m. Layout B
Figure 4 Turn signal lamp layout
4.3.3.3.
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