This standard specifies the requirements for indicating relevant safety information to exposed personnel by visual, auditory and tactile methods at the human-machine interface. It specifies colors, safety signs, markings and other warning methods designed to indicate dangerous conditions, health hazards and deal with accidents. In order to promote the safe use and monitoring of machinery, it also specifies the coding methods of visual, auditory and tactile signals used by indicators and operating parts. This standard is based on IEC 60073 coding by color and replacement methods, but is not limited to the field of electrical engineering. GB 18209.1-2000 Machinery safety instructions, signs and operations Part 1: Requirements for visual, auditory and tactile signals GB18209.1-2000 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB18209.1—2000
This standard is equivalent to the international standard IEC61310-1:1995 "Safety of machinery - Instructions, signs and operations - Part 1: Requirements for visual, auditory and tactile signals". This standard, under the general title "Safety of machinery - Instructions, signs and operations", includes the following three parts: Part 1: Requirements for visual, auditory and tactile signals Part 2: Sign requirements, Part 3: Requirements for the location and operation of operating parts. This standard was proposed by the State Bureau of Machinery Industry. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Industrial Machinery Electrical Systems. This standard was drafted by the Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are: Huang Lin and Li Xinghua. 1
GB18209.1—2000
IEC Foreword
1) EC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a world standardization organization composed of national electrotechnical committees (EC national committees). The purpose of the EC is to promote international cooperation on all issues related to standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. For this purpose and other activities, the IEC publishes international standards. The formulation of standards is entrusted to technical committees, and any EC national committee interested in the subject may participate in its formulation. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations in contact with the IEC may also participate in the formulation of standards. IEC and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) cooperate closely under the conditions agreed upon by the two organizations. 2) EC decisions or agreements on technical issues are made by technical committees attended by representatives of all national committees that are particularly concerned with these issues, and express international consensus on the issues mentioned as much as possible. 3) Documents are published in the form of standards, technical reports or guidelines for international use in a recommended manner and are accepted by national committees in this sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC national committees have the responsibility to apply IEC international standards to their national and regional standards to the greatest extent possible. Any differences between IEC standards and their corresponding national or regional standards should be clearly stated in the national or regional standards. 5) The EC does not provide a marking method to indicate approval or is not responsible for any equipment that claims to comply with IEC standards. The international standard EC61310-1 was originally developed as EN50099-1 by CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) Technical Committee 44X in cooperation with CEN (European Committee for Standardization) Technical Committee 114 and has been adopted. This standard was developed by IEC/TC44 "Safety of Machinery - Electrotechnical Field" under the "Fast Track Procedure". This standard has the status of a horizontal standard and can be used, for example, as a reference standard in ISO and IEC technical committees developing machinery product series standards or special product standards. Machinery suppliers can also adopt the technical requirements of this standard for machinery that does not have a product series standard or special product standard. Where there is a product series standard or special product standard, it will be adopted first. The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
44(CO)66
Voting report
44/68/RVD
Full information on the approval of this standard can be found in the voting report shown in the table above. IEC61310 is titled "Safety of machinery - Indication, marking and actuation Part 1: Requirements for visual, auditory and tactile signals Part 2: Marking requirements Part 3: Requirements for the location and operation of operating parts I National Standard of the People's Republic of China Safety of machinery Indication, marking and actuation Part 1: Requirements for visual, auditory and tactile signals GB 18209.1—2000 IEC61310-1:1995 In order to enable exposed personnel and operators to use and monitor machinery safely, the safety-related meanings of warning and danger signals must be transmitted through the human-machine interface. In an open-loop system (see Figure 1), the operator communicates with the machine or performs processing via the human-machine interface. The human-machine interface consists of operating elements and indicating devices, with the help of which the operator starts work and receives information. In many applications, coded signals are used to represent information. The coded signals are coded using special set rules, and the operator interprets the signals according to these rules. Different types of codes such as color, shape or time are usually used as work instructions for operators.
Reasons for using codes:
Allowing the machine to be separated from the centralized control station in space: - To increase the amount of perceptible information given by the indicator, such as per unit of display area, per unit of time; - To reduce the mental burden of the operator and/or exposed personnel. Operator
Indicator Human-machine interface
Operating element
Evaluation code Action
Figure 1 Open-loop control, action and information system
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements for indicating relevant safety information to exposed personnel using visual, auditory and tactile methods at the human-machine interface. It specifies colors, safety signs, markings and other warning methods, which are designed to indicate dangerous conditions, health hazards and deal with accidents. In order to promote the safe use and monitoring of machinery, it also specifies the coding methods of visual, auditory and tactile signals used by indicators and operating parts. This standard is based on EC60073 coding with colors and replacement methods. But it is not limited to the field of electrical engineering. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were all approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on October 17, 2000 and implemented on July 1, 2001
GB18209.1-2000
as valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T2900.18—1992 Electrical terminology Low voltage electrical appliances (eqvIEV50 (441): 1984) GB/T5226.1-1996 Electrical equipment for industrial machinery: Part I: General technical requirements (eqvIEC60204.1) GB/T5465.1—1996 Principles for drawing graphic symbols for electrical equipment (eqvIEC60416: 1992) GB/T5465.2—1996 Graphic symbols for electrical equipment (idtIEC60417: 1973) 5 Basic concepts and general principles for design of mechanical safety Part I: Basic terms and methodology GB/T15706.1—1995
(eqvISo12100-1: 1992)
GB/T15706.2 1995 Basic concepts and general design principles for machinery safety Part 2: Technical principles and specifications (eqvISO12100-2:1992)
GB16754—1997 "Design principles for emergency stop safety in machinery" (eqvISO/IEC13850:1995) EC60050 (845):1987 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 845: Lighting IEC60073:1991 Marking indicators and operating parts with colors and auxiliary methods ISO3864:1984 Safety colors and safety signs ISO70001989 Graphic symbols for equipment - Index and list EN457:1992 Safety of machinery - Auditory signals of hazardous situations - General requirements, design and testing 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Machinery: A machine is composed of several parts and components, at least one of which is movable and has appropriate mechanical operating parts, control and power circuits, etc. Their combination has a certain application purpose, such as material processing, handling, handling or packaging. The term machinery also includes a combination of machines, that is, several machines with the same application purpose are arranged and controlled to perform their functions as a complete machine. (See 3.1 in GB/T15706.11995)
Machinery also refers to replaceable devices that can change the function of a machine. The purpose of these devices being put on the market is for the operator to assemble them with a machine or some different machines or with traction equipment. This device is not a spare part or tool. 3.2 Man-machine interface: This device provides a means of direct communication between the operator and the equipment, which enables the operator to monitor the operation of the equipment. Note: This type of component includes manual operating parts, indicators and screens. 3.3 Danger zone
An area inside and/or around a machine that may expose people to injury or health hazards. (See GB/T15706.1-1995, 3.10)
3.4 ​​Hazard
The source of possible damage or harm to health. (See 3.5 in GB/T15706.1-1995) 3.5 Hazardous situation A state that exposes people to one or more hazards. (See 3.6 in GB/T15706.1-1995) 3.6 Risk
The combination of the probability and degree of possible damage or harm to health in a hazardous state. (See 3.7 in GB/T15706.1-1995) 3.7 Exposed person
A person who is completely or partially in the danger zone. (See Appendix A in GB/T15706.1-1995) 3.8 Operator
A person who installs, uses, adjusts, maintains, cleans, repairs or transports machinery. (See 3.21 in GB/T15706.1-1995) 3.9 Active signal Active signal GB18209.1-2000 Information provided by a device that can change state rapidly, indicating a change in the state of the machine or an alarm for a dangerous change. 3.10 Passive signal Passive signal Information provided by a device that gives permanent information about the machine or its environment. 3.11 Auditory signal Information transmitted by changes in the tone, frequency and intervals of the sound source. 3.12 Tactile signal Information transmitted by means of surface roughness, contour or position. 3.13 Visual signal Information transmitted by means of the brightness, contrast, color, shape, size or arrangement of a device. 3.14 Brightness
The visual attribute corresponding to the amount of luminescence that an appearance appears. (IEV845-02-28) 3.15 Contrast
1) In a perceptual sense: the evaluation of the apparent difference between two or more parts of the visual field that are seen simultaneously or successively. Note 1: For example, types of contrast include brightness contrast, color contrast, simultaneous contrast, and sequential contrast. 2) In a physical sense: a quantity related to brightness contrast that is usually defined by one of several formulas. These formulas take into account the stimulus brightness.
Note 2: For example, △L/L is used to approximate the brightness reading or L/L2 corresponds to a higher brightness given contrast. (IEV845-02-47, modified) 3.16 Hue
A visual attribute that appears on a surface similar to one of the perceptible colors such as red, yellow, green, blue, or a combination of any two of them. (IEV845-02-35, modified)
3.17 Cursor operating part illuminated actuator An operating part with an integral light source that can give a visible indication signal through the cursor. The light source control may be related to or independent of the operation of the operating part. (See 3.6 in IEC60073)
3.18 Light emitting diode light emitting diode (LED) A solid device with a pn junction that emits light when excited by current. (IEV845-04-40) 3.19 (Vision) Saturation saturation Judge the monochromatic or polychromatic state of a surface according to the ratio of brightness. Note: In the range of bright vision, for given field conditions and brightness, the saturation of color stimuli of a given chromaticity is basically constant for various brightnesses, except when the brightness is very strong. (IEV845-02-41) 3.20 Indicator indicating device
A mechanical, optical, electrical or electronic device that provides visual or audible information. (See 3.1 in IEC60073) 3.21 Actuator
Actuating part that is activated by human action. (IEV441-15-22, modified) Note: The operating part can be in the form of handwheel, knob, pedal, button, roller, push rod, mouse, light pen, keyboard, touch screen, etc. 3.22 Coding
System representation of a specific signal or other set value of a signal that conforms to the defined rules. 3.23 Graphical symbol
Visual graphics used to independently convey language information. Graphical symbols can be produced by drawing, printing or other methods. (See 3.1 in GB/T5465.11996)
3.24 Safety signsafetysign
A sign used to express specific safety information, consisting of a graphic symbol, safety color, geometric shape (frame) or text. (See 3.2 of ISO 3864-1:1984)
4 Notes on safety information
4.1 General
In order to reduce the risk to potentially exposed persons: GB 18209.1—2000
Machines shall have means of giving safety signals to provide appropriate safety information; an operating part can be used safely and is distinguished by suitable signs on or near the operating part. Active signals shall be provided to signal danger and call people to take a specified course of action. Passive signals shall be provided to warn of permanent dangers and give information, such as safe passages, the location of emergency stop operating parts. Note 1: Examples of active and passive signals are shown in Table 1. The meaning of all safety signals designed for the intended users shall be clear and unambiguous. Ergonomic principles shall be taken into account in the design and installation of machinery. For this reason, such signals and related codes shall always be applicable to the machinery. The selection of equipment to be used shall take into account the consequences of equipment failure (e.g. filaments and color guns in video display units (VDUs) will cause signal loss). NOTE 2 The measures to be taken should be determined by risk assessment. The method used to present safety-related information should be consistent with the capabilities of the operator and/or exposed persons. Visual signals should be used whenever possible. In places where there may be sensory impairments, such as blind areas, color blind areas, deaf areas or where personal protective equipment is used, it is necessary to perceive safety-related signals. To ensure this, special attention should be paid to the use of the following auxiliary methods: - Use of multiple senses (vision, hearing, touch); - Use of multiple codes (see 5.2.2)
Auxiliary methods should be selected for visual signals and used in the following situations: a) excessive other information will make the signal difficult to perceive, b) visual signals alone are not sufficient because: 1) the operator needs to look elsewhere when handling/operating the control device; 2) the exposed person is out of the operator's line of sight; 3) the exposed person cannot see the warning signal.
Table 1 Signal examples
Vision (see 4.2)
On/off or change of the following items:
-Color
Brightness
Contrast
(Vision) Saturation
Position change
Safety signs
Auxiliary signs
Marking
Shape, color
4.2 Visual signals
4.2.1 General
Visual signals should be:
-Place within people's field of vision,|| tt||Hearing (see 4.3)bZxz.net
On/off or change of the following:
Intensity (sound level)
Type of sound
- Appropriate brightness and color contrast compared to the backgroundTactile (see 4.4)
Change of position
Locking pin/snap
Rigid brake positioning
Surface roughness
Relative position
Note: Steady light is often used for indicator lights and cursor operating parts. For further identification and information, especially for additional emphasis, a flash light should be used. 4
4.2.2 Field of view
GB18209.1—2000
For stable detection, visual signals should comply with the following provisions: a) The location of the signal and light source should be selected so that the display can be seen from all positions where it is required to be observed; b) Active safety signals should be placed where the operator can see them from the working position, with as wide a viewing angle as possible for exposed personnel; c) Displays with limited viewing angles should be placed in appropriate locations; d) Passive visual signals such as safety signs, auxiliary markings and signs should be properly placed so that the personnel who need to be informed and/or others can see these signals without moving when there is an increased risk to them. Note
1 Figures 2 and 3 show the recommended range and allowable range of vertical and horizontal fields of view respectively. 2 Requirements for the height, width and stroke width of text information characters ISO/TC159 is under consideration. 25
Zone A: Recommended
Zone B: Permissible
Zone C: Unsuitable
Zone D: Natural (middle) line of sight
2 Vertical field of vision
Zone A: Recommended
Zone B: Permissible
Zone C: Unsuitable
Zone D: Natural (middle) line of sight
Figure 3 Horizontal field of vision
4.2.3 Brightness, color and contrast
GB18209.1—2000
The brightness, color and contrast of visual signals shall comply with the following provisions: a) Safety signs shall comply with the brightness and color requirements of ISO3864; b) The brightness contrast ratio of illuminated displays shall not be less than 6:1; c) The display image quality shall be high under all normal and emergency viewing conditions; d) All expected (such as emergency) viewing conditions shall be provided in accordance with the illumination required for non-illuminated displays. 4.2.4 Graphic symbols
Graphic symbols should be simple, clear and logical so that they are easy to understand and have clear meanings. Where applicable, the graphic symbols given in ISO7000 and GB/T5465.2 should be used. Note: The general principles for the design of graphic symbols for machinery are given in GB/T5465.1. 4.3 Auditory signals
Audio signals warn of impending dangers and indicate the onset and duration of dangerous situations. Where the operator is in control or can intervene, the signal should last at least until the operator intervenes. Auditory signals should
--the sound level is significantly higher than the level of ambient noise so that it can be heard clearly, not too strong or difficult to hear;--easy to identify, especially the duration and interval between pulses or groups of pulses, which are clearly different from other auditory signals and ambient noise;--the requirements for identification, audibility, resolution and clarity of meaning should comply with the provisions of EN457. 4.4 Tactile signals
The information transmitted by the operator through touch can identify and distinguish the various operating elements of different functional machinery, generally considering surface roughness, surface contour, three-dimensional shape of various elements and their relative positions, without relying on vision and hearing. Note
1 When a part of the human body such as fingers, hands, and feet is used to transmit tactile signals, it intentionally contacts the three-dimensional surface of the operating parts such as buttons and levers. In certain situations, such as reduced visibility, only tactile signals can be relied on.
2 The ability to recognize and interpret tactile signals indicates that the operator understands the function of the signal. 5 Information coding
5.1 General
Information coding should be used. The code should be selected in the early stage of mechanical design and consistent with the provisions of EC60073. The coding method shall be selected from the following methods, but not limited to these methods, and can be used alone or in combination (auxiliary method): - color tone (visual);
-contrast (visual);
-symbol (visual);
-frequency (stability/repetition rate) (visual, auditory);
-position (visual, tactile);
-shape (visual, tactile);
-structure (tactile).
The code description shall be placed in the equipment-related documents and/or marked on the machine. Sufficient information shall be provided to the personnel who respond to these codes so that they can get adequate instructions. 5.2 Visual signal coding
5.2.1 Use of color
The relevant information to be conveyed shall be selected in relevant colors. The colors of indicators and operating parts shall be determined in accordance with Table 2 and IEC60073. The use of colors for mechanical electrical equipment shall be in accordance with Chapter 10 of GB/T5226.1-1996, and the use of contrasting colors shall be consistent with ISO3864. The contrasting colors used for emergency stop operating parts shall be consistent with the provisions of 4.4.3 of GB16754-1997. 6
White, gray, black
Personnel safety
Danger/prohibition
2 Coding with auxiliary methods for colors
GB18209.1-2000
Meaning of colors used for coding-General
Machinery/process conditions
Mandatory
No specific meaning is given
In safety applications, where color coding is used, other coding methods can be used to supplement it. The meaning of the auxiliary code should be obvious to the intended user and comply with the provisions of Table 3. Table 4 lists examples of safety signs coded with colors and using shapes as an auxiliary method of coding. 3 pairs of colors are encoded using auxiliary methods
Auxiliary methods
Visual code
Figure (alphanumeric, graphic symbols, lines)Shape
Sound type
-Form (font, size, line width)
-Structure (line type, light and dark, dotted lines)
-Position (absolute, relative)
Orientation (with or without a reference system)
Change of elements:
-Color versus time Change of (flash)
-Change of shape over time (flash)
Change of position over time (flash)
Audio code
-Noise
Selected frequency
Change of element
-Change of frequency component over time
Change of sound pressure over time
-Change of total duration
Equipment status
No general meaning
GB 18209.1—2000
Table 4 Example of coding of safety signs with colors and auxiliary methods A
For detailed information on color coding of operating parts (including cursor operating parts), please refer to IEC60073. Note: For operating requirements, please refer to Part 3 (under preparation) of this standard. 5.3 Coding of auditory signals
Firefighting facilities
No danger
Rescue equipment
Information or prompt
The auditory signal coding used for safety information and other information represented by sound intensity, duration, pitch, timbre, pulse repetition frequency, two-tone sound, etc. is used for status indications and notification information such as danger, caution, and all-clear. The coding should comply with the provisions of Table 5. Table 5 Auditory signals
Message classification
Urgent action for rescue or warning
Warning for action as directed when necessary
All clear
Wired broadcast
Notification information
Available characteristics:
One sweep tone
One burst tone
Sound signal
Alternating tone for actions that must be followed or taken as a priority (2 or 3 frequency ranges) Fixed tone segment pattern, the shortest is at least 0.3 s, the largest of the two different segment lengths in the instantaneous pattern, preferably the first is longer. When all segments are equal, the repetition frequency is at least 0.4 Hz Continuous sound, fixed tone lasting at least 30 s
Two-tone harmonic tone, high-low without looping (followed by a notification or message) 1) Fast rhythm or disharmony may cause emergency. Note: The sound signal system includes the definition, composition, principle and sound quality of the sound signal, which is proposed by EN457. 5.4 Tactile signal coding
Tactile signal coding (see Table 1) can clearly distinguish the various operating elements used for mechanical operation with different functions. As shown in the example given in Figure 4, in one application, no more than 5 different shapes are used. Tactile signals related to safety should be explained on or near the operating elements and in the operating instructions. Note: Information on tactile signal coding with relative position is given in Part 3 of this standard (under preparation). 8
6 Graphic symbols for operating parts
GB18209.1—2000
Figure 4 Examples of shapes that can be recognized by touch only
Graphic symbols for operating parts should be selected from GB/T5465.2. Commonly used examples are shown in Table 6. These symbols are mainly used in electrotechnical technology, and are also used for other types of operating parts, such as mechanical and hydraulic operating parts that use the same function. Table 6 Graphic symbols for operation of operating parts
Standards and symbols
417-IEC-5007
(GB/T5465.2—1996 5007)
417-IEC-5008
(GB/T5465.2—1996 5008)
Power on
Power off
Indicates the switch or switch position that connects the power to the machine1) Indicates the switch or switch position that disconnects the power to the machineStandards and symbols
417-IEC-5009
(GB/T5465.2—1996 5009)
417-IEC-5010
(GB/T5465.2—1996 5010)||t t||417-IEC-5011
(GB/T5465.2—5011 of 1996)
417-IEC-5104
(GB/T5465.2—51 of 1996) 04)
417-IEC-5110
(GB/T5465.2—1996 of 5110)
417-IEC-5111
(GB/T5465.2—1 996's 5111)
417-IEC-5177
(GB/T5465.2—1996's 5177)
417-IEC-5178
(GB/T5465.2—1996's 5178)
GB18209.1—2000
Table 6 (continued)
Indicates that part of the machine has been connected (closed), and the machine is in a waiting state
Power on/off
(Push/push switch)
Power on/off
(Push button switch)
(Action or operation
) Start
(Action or operation
) Stop
(Action or operation
) Interrupt
Quick start
Quick stop
Switch or switch position in the state
Indicates a switch that turns the power on/off of the machine with the same operating member. The commonly used button symbol has two stable positions Indicates a switch that turns the power on/off of the machine with the same operating member. The commonly used button symbol has one stable position. The off position is a stable position, and the on position is maintained in the on position only when the button is pressed (hold to run)) Indicates a switch or switch position that starts the operation of the machine Indicates a switch or switch position that stops the operation of the machine. For simple machines, the power supply
starts running as soon as it is turned on
indicates a switch or switch position that stops a machine that is in continuous operation. It indicates a switch or switch position that starts the operation and reaches the operating speed without delay. Symbol 5177 should be used with 5104 to indicate a switch or switch position that stops the operation without delay. Symbol 5178 should be used with 5110
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