Specifications for oceanographic survey—Part 9:Guidelines for marine ecological survey
other information
Release date:2007-08-13
drafter:Chen Shang, Li Ruixiang, Zhu Mingyuan, Wang Zongling, Zhang Zhaohui, Lü Ruihua, Ding Dewen, Tang Senming
Drafting unit:The First Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, the Third Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, etc.
Focal point unit:National Marine Standards and Metrology Center
Proposing unit:State Oceanic Administration
Publishing department:General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
competent authority:State Oceanic Administration
Some standard content:
ICS 01.140.20; 07.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T12763.92007
Specifications for oceanographic surveyPart 9: Guidelines for marine ecological survey2007—08—13Issued
2008—02—01Implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
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1Scope
2Normative references
3Terms and definitions
4General provisions
4.1Technical design and preparation of survey plan
4.2Survey content
4.3General provisions for marine survey operations
4.4Quality Quality control management.
4.5 Data collation, exchange and acceptance of results, 5 Marine biological element survey
5.1 Marine biological community structure element survey
5.2 Marine ecosystem function element survey, 6 Marine environmental element survey.
6.1 Marine hydrological element survey
6.2 Marine meteorological element survey.
6.3 Marine optical element survey
6.4 Seawater chemical element survey
6.5 Marine bottom element survey
7 Human activity element survey Check
7.1 Survey of production factors of marine aquaculture
7.2 Survey of production factors of marine fishing,
7.3 Survey of pollution factors entering the sea
7.4 Survey of production factors of offshore oil fields
7.5 Survey of other human activity factors
8 Analysis and evaluation of marine biological community structure, 8.1 Unit method analysis
8.2 Multivariate analysis.
9 Evaluation of marine ecosystem functions
9.1 Evaluation of primary production functions
9.2 Evaluation of new production functions.
9.3 Evaluation of bacterial production function
10 Evaluation of marine ecological pressure.
GB/T12763.92007
GB/T12763.92007
10.1 Evaluation of eutrophication pressure
10.2 Evaluation of pollution pressure
10.3 Evaluation of aquaculture pressure
10.4 Evaluation of fishing pressure,
11 Preparation of marine ecological survey report
11.1 Contents of marine ecological survey report
11,2 Preparation requirements, completion time and acceptance of survey results Appendix A Record table format (informative appendix) References
Table 1 Evaluation standard of seawater eutrophication
Table A.1 Record table of thermocline characteristic values in the surveyed sea areaTable A.2 Record table of halocline characteristic values in the surveyed sea areaTable A.3 Record table of suspended particulate matter and particulate organic matter in the surveyed sea areaTable A.4
Record table of particulate organic carbon determination at different particle sizes in the surveyed sea areaRecord table of particulate nitrogen determination at different particle sizes in the surveyed sea areaTable A.5
G B/T12763 "Marine Survey Specification" is divided into nine parts: Part 1: General Principles: Part 2: Marine Hydrological Observation; Part 3: Marine Meteorological Observation; Part 4: Marine Chemical Element Survey; Part 5: Marine Sound and Light Element Survey; Part 6: Marine Biological Survey; Part 7: Marine Survey Data Exchange; Part 8: Marine Geological and Geophysical Survey: Part 9: Marine Ecological Survey Guide. Part 9: Marine Ecological Survey Guide is a new part corresponding to GB/T12763-1991. GB/T12763.92007 This part is used in conjunction with Part 1 to Part 7 of GB/T12763 and Part 4, Part 5 and Part 7 of GB/T17378. Appendix A of this part is an informative appendix.
This part is proposed by the State Oceanic Administration.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Center for Marine Standards and Metrology. This part was drafted by the First Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, and the Third Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration participated in the drafting. The main drafters of this part are: Chen Shang, Li Ruixiang, Zhu Mingyuan, Wang Zongling, Zhang Zhaohui, Lv Ruihua, Ding Dewen, Tang Senming. III
GB/T12763.92007
Marine ecological survey and research involves the main fields of marine science and has developed rapidly since 1990. my country's existing "Marine Survey Specifications" and "Marine Monitoring Specifications" are mainly aimed at the investigation and monitoring of marine natural elements, which cannot meet the requirements of marine ecological surveys. Marine ecological surveys are different from traditional marine biological surveys and have their own unique requirements, focusing on ecological processes and ecosystem evaluation. Considering the impact of high-intensity human activities on marine ecosystems, these are beyond the framework system of existing marine biological survey specifications. However, other countries have not yet issued similar marine ecological survey guidelines, and there are no ready-made guidelines to learn from. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a guiding technical document for marine ecological survey and establish a framework system for marine ecological survey to guide my country's marine ecological survey and research and promote the rapid development of marine ecological science in my country and even the world.
The compilation of marine ecological survey guidelines is a need for my country to implement integrated marine management. The essence of integrated marine management is based on the management of marine ecosystems, including survey/monitoring of marine ecosystems, ecosystem assessment, management plan formulation, implementation of management measures, and management effectiveness evaluation. my country's marine ecosystems have unique ecological characteristics and face severe ecological and environmental problems. It is necessary to strengthen investigation, assessment,
management and protection. Therefore, my country's first marine ecological survey guide was compiled to meet the needs of marine management, marine ecological protection and marine biological resource management, and actively promote the development of long-term positioning monitoring of my country's marine ecosystems. The main purpose of my country's implementation of marine ecological surveys is to understand the basic community structure and ecological functions of marine ecosystems and their important influencing factors, and to grasp the health of the ecosystem, including understanding the current status of the ecosystem and grasping future trends. Marine ecological survey involves many elements and contents. In view of the current technical level, methods and funding limitations, we should select those elements and evaluation contents that best reflect the characteristics of my country's marine ecosystem. This guideline mainly provides a guiding framework system and methods for general marine ecological survey and research work, and mainly adopts simple, easy-to-implement and mature methods. In addition, considering that the guideline should be forward-looking and guiding, it also adopts relatively mature and advanced methods, which will be improved during use and perfected in future revisions. IV
1 Scope
Marine Survey Specification
Part 9: Marine Ecological Survey Guide
GB/T12763.92007
This part of GB/T12763 specifies the content, methods, technical requirements and data processing of marine ecological survey. This part applies to marine ecological surveys in coastal waters, bays and estuaries under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, and can be used as a reference for ocean ecological surveys. 2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this part through reference in this part of GB/T12763. All subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions of dated referenced documents are not applicable to this part. However, parties reaching an agreement based on this part are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated referenced documents, the latest versions apply to this part. GB/T12763.1 Marine Survey Specification Part 1: General GB/T12763.2 Marine Survey Specification Part 2: Marine Hydrological Observation GB/T12763.3 Marine Survey Specification Part 3: Marine Meteorological Observation GB/T12763.4 Marine Survey Specification Part 4: Seawater Chemical Element Survey GB/T12763.5 Marine Survey Specification Part 5: Marine Sound and Light Element Survey GB/T12763.6 Marine Survey Specification Part 6: Marine Biological Survey GB/T12763.7 Marine Survey Specification Part 7: Marine Survey Data Exchange GB/T12763.8 Marine Survey Specification Part 8: Marine Geological and Geophysical Survey GB/T17378.4 Marine Monitoring Specification Part 4: Water Quality Detection and Analysis GB/T17378.5 Marine Monitoring Specification Part 5: Sediment Analysis GB/T17378.7 Marine Monitoring Specifications Part 7: Ecological Survey and Biological Monitoring of Coastal Pollution 3 Terms and Definitions
The relevant terms and definitions established in GB/T15919-1995 and GB/T12763 and the following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T12763.
Marine ecosystemmarineecosystem
A natural system composed of the interaction between the biological community and the surrounding environment in a certain sea area, an ecological unit with relatively stable functions and self-regulation.
[GB/T15919-1995, definition 2.94]
Marine biological community structuremarinebioticcommunitystructureGB/T12763.92007
Species composition, spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of marine biological communities. 3.3
Marine ecosystem functionmarineecosystemfunction Material circulation, energy flow, information transmission and its regulatory role in marine ecosystems. 3.4
Marine ecosystem healthmarine ecosystem healthMarine ecosystems are vigorous and can maintain their organizational structure and autonomy over time, and can easily recover under external stress. 3.5
Dominant speciesdominant species
Species that control communities and reflect community characteristics and have a relatively large proportion of populations [GB/T15919-1995, definition 2.88]
Indicated speciesindicated species
Species that appear in a certain state in a certain sea area in a marine communityWc
Keystone specieskeystonespecies
Species that play a controlling role in the key links of the food web. 3.8
Species diversityspeciesdiversity
The richness of species in a community and the distribution of their individual numbers. 3.9
Community evenness
The degree of uniformity of the number distribution of species in a biological community. 3.10
Temporal change of community structure The change over time in a biological community. 3.11
Spatial pattern of community structure
The distribution pattern formed by the change of the structure of marine biological communities along certain environmental gradients (such as latitude gradient, water depth, temperature gradient, salinity gradient, nutrient gradient, bottom type, etc.). 3.12
Ecological stress
The stress on marine ecosystems caused by natural disturbances from land, sea and atmosphere and human activities. 3.13
Eutrophication
The natural or artificial increase of nutrients in seawater and the ecological effects caused by it. Pollution stress
The stress of pollutants entering the sea on the structure and function of marine ecosystems. Aquaculture stress
The stress of substances output from aquaculture production on the material cycle of marine ecosystems. Fishing stressfishing stress
The threat to the material cycle of marine ecosystems through the output of fishing production 4 General provisions
4.1 Technical design and preparation of survey plan
4.1.1 Technical design
GB/T12763.9-2007
After accepting the survey project, the undertaking unit shall, according to the requirements of the task book or contract, make a detailed technical design before the start of the survey work. The content shall include:
a) Survey objectives and tasks;
b) Survey sea area and sampling level, which shall refer to the provisions of GB/T12763.2, GB/T12763.4 and GB/T12763.6; c) Station layout principles:
1) In areas where the spatial distribution of the research objects varies greatly, more stations shall be arranged; in areas with small spatial differences, fewer stations shall be arranged. 2) More stations are set up in sea areas with high intensity of human activities, more stations are set up in coastal sea areas, more stations are set up in inner bays, and more stations are set up in sea areas with complex environments.
3) The interval between survey stations in bays and nearshore areas shall not be less than one station every 10 minutes, and stations should be appropriately increased in estuaries and sewage outlets. The interval between survey stations in the open sea shall not be less than one station every 1 degree. The specific station interval should be determined according to the objectives and objects of the survey. 4) Stations are set up along the gradient of changes in survey elements (such as salinity, temperature, depth, nutrients, pollutants, current direction, tidal zone, etc.).
5) Consider funding and time.
6) Other special requirements.
d) Survey time and frequency:
1) The survey time should take into account the long-term effects of the environment on organisms and ensure the continuity of data. The survey time and frequency should be appropriately adjusted according to the specific survey objects. In principle, the time interval between survey frequencies should be less than the life (change) cycle of the survey objects. 2) For continuous observations at night, it is recommended to take samples once every 3 hours, and a total of nine times for one night. In sea areas with regular semi-diurnal tides, the tidal cycle should be considered, and the sampling time should include high tide and low tide. The use of on-site automatic recorders can encrypt observations. 3) It is recommended that large-scale and cross-sectional surveys be conducted once every 1 to 3 months, and the time intervals between surveys in each month should be as equal as possible. Surveys of bays, estuaries, and harbors should be conducted at the same tidal period, and the survey frequency should be appropriately increased. 3
GB/T12763.92007
4) Quarterly surveys should be arranged in February, May, August, and November. If there are special needs, the survey months should be adjusted according to different sea areas. 5) For emergencies, such as red tide disasters, oil spills, pollutant emissions, etc., the survey frequency should be increased. 6) For environmental impact surveys of marine and coastal projects, the survey frequency and time should be arranged according to management needs. e) Survey elements, methods, and technical requirements;) Determination methods and quality control;
g) Onboard personnel, instruments, reagents, and forms; h) Indoor analysts, instruments, reagents, and forms: Requirements for survey vessels and their main equipment; i
Survey data quality requirements and data collation and acceptance k) Survey results to be submitted and completion time;) Other special requirements.
4.1.2 Survey plan preparation
A survey plan should be prepared on the basis of technical design and implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB/T12763.1. 4.2 Survey content
4.2.1 Survey of marine ecological elements
4.2.1.1 Survey of marine biological elements
The survey of marine biological elements includes:
ap Survey of marine biological community structure elements: b Survey of marine ecosystem function elements.
4.2.12 Survey of marine environmental elements
Survey of marine environmental elements includes:
a) Survey of marine hydrological elements:
b) Survey of marine meteorological elements;
c) Survey of marine optical elements:
d) Survey of seawater chemical elements;
e) Survey of marine bottom elements.
4.2.1.3 Survey of human activity elements
Survey of human activity elements includes:
a) Survey of marine aquaculture production elements;
b) Survey of marine fishing production elements;
c) Survey of marine pollution elements;
d) Survey of offshore oil field production elements:
e) Survey of other human activity elements.
4.2.2 Marine Ecological Assessment
4.2.2.1 Assessment Objects
Assessment objects include:
a) microorganisms;
b) phytoplankton;
c) zooplankton:
d) swimming animals;
e) benthic organisms:
f) intertidal zone organisms;bZxz.net
g) fouling organisms.
4.2.2.2 Assessment Contents
Assessment contents include:
a) assessment of marine biological community structure;
b) assessment of marine ecosystem function;
c) assessment of marine ecological pressure.
4.3 General Provisions for Marine Survey Operations
General provisions for marine survey operations shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB/T12763.1. 4.4 Quality Control Management
GB/T12763.92007
Quality control includes the establishment of a quality control system, quality control of the entire investigation process, and requirements for investigation and analysis personnel. The details of quality control management shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB/T12763.1. 4.5 Data collation, exchange and results acceptance 4.5.1 Data recording, sorting, exchange and acceptance The recording, sorting, exchange and acceptance of data shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T12763.1 and GB/T12763.7. 4.5.2 Voyage report preparation
After each voyage, a voyage report shall be prepared in a timely manner in accordance with the contract or task book and the provisions of GB/T12763.1. 4.5.3 Precision
The precision requirements are as follows:
a) The precision of phytoplankton, zooplankton and small benthic organisms sample counting is expressed as standard error: b) The comparison of community structure differences requires a significant statistical test. If a certain null hypothesis already exists before sampling, it can be tested according to several types of experimental designs. It is recommended that the minimum significance level of pairwise comparison should not exceed 10% for 3 replicates, 3% for 4 replicates, and 1% for 5 replicates. If a significant difference is to be obtained at the 5% level, at least 4 replicates are generally required. 4.5.4 Data filing
Data filing shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T12763.1. 5
..comGB/T12763.92007
5. Marine biological element survey
5.1 Marine biological community structure element survey
5.1,1 Microorganism, chlorophyll a, swimming animals, benthic organisms, intertidal zone organisms and fouling organisms survey Microorganism, chlorophyll a, swimming animals, benthic organisms, intertidal zone organisms and fouling organisms survey shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T12763.6.
5.2 Phytoplankton survey
5.1.2.1 Collection and processing of net samples and water samples Collection and processing of net samples and water samples shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T12763.6. 5.4.2.2 Identification and counting of water samples
Water samples are divided into three particle sizes for microscopic identification and counting: less than 20um, 20um to 200um, and greater than 200um. The particle size is calculated based on the maximum length of the cell. For groups formed by multiple cells, the maximum length of the group is used for classification. It is difficult to identify phytoplankton smaller than 20um to species or genus. If there is no inverted microscope or fluorescence microscope, it is difficult to measure and count cells. This can be handled as appropriate according to the requirements of the survey task.
5.1.23 Draw distribution maps
Draw distribution maps and particle size structure maps of total phytoplankton and phytoplankton cell density of each particle size, respectively. The value standard of the contour line of phytoplankton cell density of each particle size shall refer to GB/T12763.6, and may also be increased or decreased as appropriate according to the specific situation. 5.1.3 Zooplankton survey
5.1.31 Net-collected zooplankton
Net-collected zooplankton survey shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T12763.6.
5.1.32 Water-collected zooplankton
5.1.3.2.1 Technical requirements
The sampling technical requirements are as follows:
a) Sampling level: in accordance with the provisions of GB/T12763.6; b) Classification: 20μm~200μm, 200μm~500μm, greater than 500μm; c) Water sampling volume: 30dm2~70dm2, depending on the conditions of different sea areas; d) Continuous observation sampling frequency: sampling once every 3 hours, a total of nine times in one stack night. 5.1.3.2.2 Sample processing
The sample processing steps are as follows:
a) Filtration: Take 20dm~60dm water samples, filter them through 500um, 200um, and 20um sieves in turn, and rinse them into small bottles respectively. The sieves of various specifications can also be designed into small nets with different diameters. The net diameter is generally 15cm, 20cm, and 25cm. The net length is 15cm, 20cm, and 30cm respectively. The fixation of the filtered samples is the same as the net sampling samples specified in GB/T12763.6; b) Sample numbering: According to the provisions of GB/T12763.6 zooplankton, but the number should be added with 020, 200 and 500 at the end, indicating filtration through 20um, 200μum, and 500um sieves respectively. 5.1.3.2.3 Identification and counting
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