Some standard content:
ICS19.120
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T38517—2020
Bioaerosol sampling and analysis
ParticulateBioaerosols sampling and analysis-General principles2020-03-06Promulgated
State Administration for Market Regulation
National Administration of Standardization
2020-06-01Implementation
GB/T38517—2020
Normative reference documents
Terms and definitions
Bioaerosol sampling
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Bioaerosol sampling methods
Choice of bioaerosol sampling methods
Bioaerosol Selection of sampler
Sampling auxiliary equipment
Sampling procedure
5 Bioaerosol analysis
Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol
5.2 Quantitative analysis of bioaerosol
Appendix A (Informative Appendix) Performance and selection principles of bioaerosol sampler Appendix B (Informative Appendix) Sampling and quantitative analysis of bioaerosol (culture analysis method) Record references
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This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. GB/T38517—2020
This standard was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Particle Characterization and Sorting and Screen Standardization (SAC/TC168). Drafting units of this standard: Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Qingdao Zhongrui Intelligent Instrument Co., Ltd., Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Health-related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China Institute of Inspection and Quarantine, Shandong Agricultural University, Fudan University, Anhui Binken Electric Co., Ltd., Beijing Top Tiancheng Technology Development Co., Ltd., and Tianjin Chunxin Purification and Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard: Li Jinsong, Li Na, He Chunlei, Li Zhaojun, Zhou Lan, Hu Lingfei, Yang Wenhui, Liu Fan, Hu Kongxing, Chai Tongjie, Sui Guodong, Zhang Ke, Jin Aijun, Ye Jia, Zhu Yang, Li Qiushi1
GB/T38517—2020
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This standard provides sampling methods and analysis of bioaerosols (also known as airborne microorganisms) with different characteristics such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and toxins in ambient air. The sampling method includes the sampling principle, the selection of samplers and the issues that should be paid attention to during the sampling process; the analysis method includes the type of analysis method, the applicability of the method and the expression of the analysis results. Appendix A provides the principles of sampler performance and selection; Appendix B provides a record form for the entire process of bioaerosol sampling ac
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Particle bioaerosol sampling and analysis
GB/T38517—2020
Warning: Hazardous biological components, operations and equipment may be involved in the use of this standard. This standard does not include biosafety issues that should be noted when using this standard. Before using this standard, users should take appropriate biosafety protection measures based on the sampling purpose and the biohazard risk of the sampling environment. 1 Scope
This standard specifies the general principles for the sampling and analysis methods of bioaerosols with different characteristics such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and toxins in ambient air.
This standard applies to the sampling and analysis of bioaerosols in ambient air Normative reference documents
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For all dated referenced documents, only the dated version applies to this document. For any undated referenced document, its latest version (including all amendments) shall apply to this document GB/T16293 Test method for floating bacteria in clean rooms (areas) for pharmaceutical industry GB/T16294 Test method for settling bacteria in clean rooms (areas) for pharmaceutical industry GB/T18203 Hygienic standard for hemolytic streptococci in indoor air GB/T18204.3 Hygiene inspection methods for public places Part 3: Air microorganisms GB50591 Clean room construction and acceptance specifications
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document
Microorganism microorganism
A general term for all tiny organisms that are difficult to observe with the naked eye. Note 1: Cited from "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Committee for the Examination of Scientific and Technological Terminology. Note 2: The microorganisms referred to in this standard only include bacteria, fungi, and viruses. 3.2
Bacteria
A general term for prokaryotes whose main characteristics are that their cell walls contain muramic acid, membrane lipids are ester bonds, and RNA polymerase has no type II promoter. Note: Cited from the "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Review Committee. 3.3
A large class of simple microorganisms composed of RNA or DNA and proteins, specializing in intracellular infection and replication. Note: Cited from the "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Review Committee. 3.4
Fungi
Eukaryotic organisms without chlorophyll, with cell walls, and capable of absorbing nutrients. Generally, they reproduce by producing spores in sexual and asexual ways. GB/T38517—2020
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They are usually filamentous and branched somatic cell structures, and generally have cell walls. Note: Cited from the "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Review Committee. 3.5
Spores
A tiny reproductive unit in fungi or bacteria that can directly develop into a new individual. Note: Cited from the "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Review Committee. 3.6
Toxins
Products produced by organisms that are toxic to other organisms. Note 1: Rewritten from the "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Review Committee. Note 2: Toxins are divided into three categories according to their sources: microbial toxins, plant toxins, and animal toxins. 3.7
Bioaerosol bioaerosol
Stable dispersion system formed by solid or liquid particles containing biological components suspended in a gas medium. Note: Biological components include bacteria, viruses, fungi, spores, toxins, etc. The particle size of bioaerosol particles is between 0.01m100m. 3.8
Particle aerodynamic diameter particleaerodynamicdiameter A certain particle, regardless of its shape, size and density, has the same settling velocity in the air as a spherical particle with a density of 1g/cm. 3.9
collectionmedia
Sampling medium
Material used to capture and carry bioaerosol particles. Note: Sampling media generally have basic properties such as stability, adhesion, non-toxicity, anti-evaporation, and water solubility. 3.10
Colony
A group of microorganisms of the same species that live closely together and are visible to the naked eye, or a group of cells derived from the same cell, formed on the surface or inside of a solid matrix.
Note: Cited from the "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Review Committee. 3.11
Colony forming unit colony forming unit; CFU is a unit for measuring the concentration of live bacteria in a sample based on the number of colonies formed on a solid culture medium. Note 1: Cited from the "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Review Committee. Note 2: Two colony forming units can be formed from a single microorganism, or they can be aggregates of multiple microorganisms or one or more microorganisms attached to two particles.
Note 3: The number of colonies grown depends on the culture conditions. 3.12
Total number of colonies coloniesnumber
Total number of colony growth
The number of microbial growths that can be identified by the naked eye and grown from a unit mass or unit volume of a sample under certain conditions (such as aerobic conditions, nutritional conditions, pH, culture temperature and time, etc.) 3.13
Plaque
The cell lysis zone produced by a single virus particle after the virus infects the artificially cultured monolayer cells Note: Cited from the "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Review Committee. 2
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Plaque forming unit; PFU The number of plaques that can be formed by a virus suspension per unit volume or weight. Note: Cited from the "Microbiology Terminology" (Second Edition) published by the National Science and Technology Terminology Review Committee 4 Bioaerosol sampling
4.1 Overview
GB/T38517-—2020
The concentration, particle size, and activity of bioaerosols are uncertain and unstable. Different biological components have very different tolerance to the sampling process, and the analysis methods of biological components are also different. Therefore, in addition to fully considering the above characteristics of bioaerosols, the sampling method and the type of sampler selected should be determined in combination with the sampling environment and sampling purpose. For the performance and selection principles of bioaerosol samplers, see Appendix A4.2 Bioaerosol Sampling Methods
4.2.1 Impact Sampling
An aerosol collection method that uses inertia to collect bioaerosol particles on the surface of a solid medium through the acceleration of a nozzle, orifice or crack.
4.2.2 Impact Sampling
An aerosol collection method that enables bioaerosol particles with sufficient inertia to impact a liquid and enter the liquid medium4.2.3 Filter Sampling
When bioaerosol particles pass through various filter materials, the filter material pores retain the particles or/and the filter material's electrostatic attraction and retention of the particles capture the particles on the filter material4.2.4 Centrifugal Sampling
A collection method that allows the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of gas to separate bioaerosol particles from the airflow and impact them on the surface of a solid medium or enrich them in a liquid medium. Note: Centrifugal sampling of liquid media is also called cyclonic sampling. 4.2.5 High-flow sampling
Sampling method of collecting bioaerosols into liquid or solid medium at a sampling flow rate of more than 200L/min 4.2.6 Electrostatic adsorption sampling
A collection method of using various methods to charge bioaerosol particles and collecting bioaerosol particles by electrostatic adsorption under the action of an electric field.
4.2.7 Natural sedimentation sampling
A collection method in which bioaerosol particles naturally sink to the sampling surface (i.e., the surface of a microbial nutrient agar plate) under the action of gravity. 3
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4.3 Selection of bioaerosol sampling methods
4.3.1 Bacterial aerosol sampling method
4.3.1.1 Qualitative analysis sampling method of bacterial aerosol Qualitative analysis of bacterial aerosols, i.e., analysis of bacterial biological characteristics. You can choose impact sampling, impact sampling, filter membrane sampling, centrifugal sampling, electrostatic adsorption sampling and other methods. 4.3.1.2 Sampling method for quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosol G
Quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosol, that is, analysis of the total number of bacteria in bacterial aerosol. You can choose impact sampling, impact sampling, centrifugal sampling, electrostatic adsorption sampling, natural sedimentation sampling and other methods. Among them, the natural sedimentation sampling method is limited to sampling in clean environments or environments with little external interference.
4.3.2 Sampling method for fungal aerosol
4.3.2.1 Qualitative analysis sampling method for fungal aerosol Qualitative analysis of fungal aerosol. That is, analysis of fungal biological characteristics. You can choose impact sampling, impact sampling, filter membrane sampling, centrifugal sampling and other methods
4.3.2.2 Sampling method for quantitative analysis of fungal aerosol Quantitative analysis of fungal aerosol, that is, analysis of the total number of fungi. You can choose impact sampling, impact sampling, filter membrane sampling, centrifugal sampling, natural sedimentation sampling and other methods.
4.3.3 Virus aerosol sampling method
4.3.3.1 Qualitative analysis sampling method for virus aerosol Qualitative analysis of virus aerosol, that is, analysis of the biological characteristics of the virus. You can choose impact sampling, filter sampling, centrifugal sampling (liquid medium), electrostatic adsorption sampling, impact sampling and other methods. When choosing impact sampling, a thin layer of water-soluble mucus should be applied on the surface of agar.
4.3.3.2 Quantitative analysis sampling method for virus aerosol Quantitative analysis of virus aerosol, that is, analysis of the total number of viruses. You can choose impact sampling, filter sampling, centrifugal sampling (liquid medium), electrostatic adsorption sampling, impact sampling and other methods. When choosing impact sampling, a thin layer of water-soluble mucus should be applied on the surface of agar. 4.3.4 Toxin aerosol sampling method
4.3.4.1 Qualitative analysis sampling method for toxin aerosol Qualitative analysis of toxin aerosol, that is, analysis of the biological characteristics of toxins. You can choose impact sampling, centrifugal sampling (liquid medium), filter membrane sampling and other methods. When choosing impact sampling, a thin layer of water-soluble mucus should be applied on the surface of the agar. 4.3.4.2 Sampling method for quantitative analysis of toxin aerosols Quantitative analysis of toxin aerosols, that is, toxin mass analysis. You can choose impact sampling, centrifugal sampling (liquid medium), filter membrane sampling, impact sampling and other methods. When selecting impact sampling, a thin layer of water-soluble mucilage should be applied on the surface of agar4
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4.4 Selection of bioaerosol samplers
4.4.1 Requirements for samplers
GB/T38517-—2020
The sampler should have clear physical sampling efficiency, biological sampling efficiency, and aerodynamic size range of particles for collecting bioaerosols, and should indicate the type of sampling medium and its effect on microbial survival4.4.2 Sampler types
4.4.2.1 Impact sampler
A sampler that collects bioaerosol particles onto the surface of a solid or semi-solid medium through the acceleration of a nozzle, orifice or crack. It is usually divided into sieve-type and slit-type impact samplers. For measuring the particle size distribution of bioaerosols, it is advisable to select a six-stage impact sampler, etc. 4.4.2.2 Impact sampler
A sampler that captures bioaerosol particles in the air in a liquid medium based on the principle of using airflow to impact, clean or atomize liquids. Usually, all-glass liquid impact samplers, cyclone impact samplers, etc. can be selected. This type of sampler has a small sampling flow rate and is suitable for sampling high-concentration bioaerosols: for bioaerosols with particularly low concentrations, a day flow sampler can also be selected. 4.4.2.3 Filter sampler
A sampler that captures bioaerosol particles on a filter membrane. The filter membrane is selected according to the needs of the subsequent sample analysis method. 4.4.2.4 Centrifugal sampler
A collection device that separates bioaerosol particles from the airflow through the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the gas and impacts them on the surface of the solid medium or enriches them in the liquid medium.
4.4.2.5 High-flow sampler
A sampling device that uses a large sampling flow rate to separate and concentrate target particles into the sampling medium. This sampler is suitable for collecting low-concentration target bioaerosols in ambient air. 4.4.2.6 Electrostatic adsorption sampler
A sampling device that uses a variety of methods to charge bioaerosol particles and uses the principle of electrostatic adsorption to collect bioaerosol particles under the action of an electric field. This type of sampler is suitable for collecting viral aerosols and has no significant reduction in the viability of viral aerosols; high-flow electrostatic adsorption samplers are suitable for collecting low-concentration viral aerosols. 4.4.2.7 Natural sedimentation sampling
A method for roughly measuring the sedimentation of air microbial particles. Nutrient agar is generally used to measure the total number of bacteria, and Sabouraud culture medium is generally used to measure the total number of fungi.
4.5 Sampling auxiliary equipment
4.5.1 Overview
Sampling auxiliary equipment includes sterile sampling media, containers, equipment, etc. required in the sampling process. 4.5.2 Sampling medium
4.5.2.1 Use sterile sampling media in the bioaerosol sampling process. GB/T38517—2020
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4.5.2.2 Solid sampling media include various solid nutrient agars, semi-solid nutrient agars and various filter membranes. 4.5.2.3 Liquid sampling media include various liquids such as physiological saline, phosphate buffer, nutrient solution, etc. 4.5.2.4 When sampling, considering the activity of biological components in bioaerosol particles, the medium used should be solid or semi-solid culture medium, liquid containing nutrients, neutral liquid, etc.
During sampling, the activity of biological components in bioaerosol particles is not considered, only the sampling efficiency of bioaerosol particles is considered. A variety of sampling media can be selected, such as solid or semi-solid culture medium, liquid containing nutrients, neutral liquid, filter membrane, etc. 4.5.3 Sample packaging equipment
4.5.3.1 The packaging equipment for collecting samples of ordinary bioaerosols should meet the requirements of anti-pollution, anti-breakage and anti-overflow. 4.5.3.2 Bioaerosol samples contain pathogenic microorganisms, and the packaging (equipment) for collecting samples should meet the packaging requirements of the state or ministries for pathogenic microorganism samples.
4.5.4 Personal protective equipment
4.5.4.1 When collecting bioaerosols containing pathogenic microorganisms, the sampling personnel should wear personal protective equipment of the corresponding protection level in accordance with the protection requirements of the state or ministries for the hazard level of pathogenic microorganisms. 4.5.4.2 When sampling bioaerosols in ordinary environments, the sampling personnel should wear general personal protective equipment. 4.5.4.3 When sampling bioaerosols in specific environments (such as clean environments), the sampling personnel should wear personal protective equipment in accordance with relevant national standards such as GB/T16293, GB/T16294 or the sampling environment requirements. 4.5.5 Disinfection and sterilization equipment
4.5.5.1 Disinfectants should be selected in accordance with the methods and technologies required by the sanitary disinfection technical specifications and should be time-effective. 4.5.5.2 Before sampling, the sampling head and related equipment of the sampler should be sterilized, and the hands of the operator should be disinfected. 4.5.5.3 After sampling, the sampling head and sample packaging container of the sampler should be sterilized, and the hands of the operator should be disinfected. 4.6 Sampling procedures
4.6.1 Preparation before sampling
4.6.1.1 Determine the type of sampler, accessories, auxiliary equipment and their corresponding quantity according to the sampling task and sampling plan. 4.6.1.2 Equipment used for bioaerosol sampling should be sterile. 4.6.1.3 Before sampling, the influencing factors such as ambient humidity, ambient temperature, and the type of colony collected should be considered to determine the sampling time. Note: The main factors affecting the efficiency of biological sampling are environmental factors. 4.6.2 Sampler verification
4.6.2.1 The sampler should be inspected and maintained according to the instruction manual. 4.6.2.2 Before use, the sampler should be checked to ensure that it is operating normally and the sampling flow rate is within the allowable error range. 4.6.3 Sampling point setting
4.6.3.1 For sampling of ordinary bioaerosols in outdoor environments, the corresponding sampling points and number of sampling points should be set according to the source location, wind direction, wind speed and surrounding environmental characteristics of the bioaerosols. 4.6.3.2 For specific environments (such as clean environments), sampling points should be set in accordance with national or other relevant standards such as GB/T16293, GB/T16294, GB/T18203, GB/T18204.3, GB50591, etc. 4.6.3.3 When collecting bioaerosols of pathogenic microorganisms, the location and number of sampling points should be set according to the purpose of sampling and the characteristics of the on-site environment.
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GB/T38517—2020
4.6.3.4 During general environmental monitoring, the sampling inlet installation height of the bioaerosol sampler should be 1.2m~1.6m. Note: If there is a suspected intentional release of biological hazards or an accidental leak, the sampler can be directly installed at the location closest to the suspected bioaerosol hazard source.
4.6.4 Sampling time setting
4.6.4.1 General requirements for sampling time setting
When setting the sampling time, the type of bioaerosol collected, the sampling method, the type of sampler, the type of sampling medium, the sampling environmental factors, the subsequent analysis method, etc. should be fully considered to set a reasonable sampling time. 4.6.4.2 Solid sampling medium
The sampling time of impact sampler should be ≤15min, and the sampling time of centrifugal sampler should be ≤8min4.6.4.3 Liquid sampling medium
The sampling time of impact sampler should be ≤30min, and the sampling time of dry environment should be ≤20min. 4.6.4.4 Filter membrane sampling medium
The sampling time of filter sampler should be ≤10min. If the collected samples are only analyzed by nucleic acid method, the sampling time is not limited. 4.6.4.5 Sedimentation sampling
General indoor sampling time should be ≤30min, and clean environment sampling time should be ≤24h. 4.6.4.6 Set sampling time according to bioaerosol type Usually, the sampling time of bacterial aerosol is 5min~15min, the sampling time of viral aerosol is 15min~30min, and the sampling time of fungal and spore aerosol is 0.5h24h. 4.6.5 Control Setting
4.6.5.1 Overview
Set up corresponding analytical blank control samples and field blank control samples 4.6.5.2 Analytical Blank Control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire analytical process, a negative control sample covering the entire analytical process should be set up. The negative sample includes analytical steps, including high pressure, plate preparation, suspension and extraction, dilution, cultivation, counting and other processes. 4.6.5.3 Field Blank Control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire test step, a blank sample should be used to verify the quantitative level of the operator's ability to undertake the task. The blank sample includes all test steps, including preparation, sampling, transportation and analysis. Note: Field blank samples are collected at the same time as the sampling process, but air is not drawn through the sampler. The field blank control result represents the number of microorganisms that enter the sample through the operation of the sampling medium during the sampling process. The field blank control value is not used to correct the test results, but is used to check sampling errors. 4.6.6 Sampling process
4.6.6.1 Load the sampler with the medium, and avoid contamination during operation. 4.6.6.2 Start the sampler to avoid airflow interference caused by human factors around the sampler GB/T38517—2020
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4.6.6.3 After sampling, when retrieving the sampling medium, check its integrity and then seal it to avoid secondary contamination 4.6.7 Sample packaging and transportation
4.6.7.1 The collected samples should be sent to the analytical laboratory within 10 hours 4.6.7.2 The collected samples should be protected from various interferences (such as light, moisture, dryness, heat, live dust, etc.). The disposable plate sample should be kept with the sampling surface facing down during transportation, the liquid sample should be kept with the container mouth facing up during transportation, and the filter membrane sample should be kept with the sampling surface facing up during transportation.
Note: Different samples are placed in different sealed containers. 4.6.7.3 Packaged samples should be stored at 0℃～10℃. Storage conditions should be recorded. 4.6.7.4 Temperature during transportation ≤10℃. All parameters of the transportation process (temperature, humidity, duration) should be recorded. 4.6.8 Sampling records
Before and during sampling, sampling records should be filled in. The records should have a corresponding description of the environment of the test site (see Appendix B for an example of a sampling report).
The adopted records include but are not limited to the following: 4.6.8.2
Unique identification of each sample.
Sampling date and time.
Name of the sampling personnel
Sampling content and sampling point location (geographic coordinates). d)
Equipment name, model, status, etc.
Records of sampling process and environmental disturbance (e.g. dust caused by passing vehicles) g)
Environmental meteorological parameters: temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction and air pressure h) Name of sample custodian
5 Bioaerosol analysis
Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol
Note: Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol refers to the analysis of microbial species in collected bioaerosol samples through analysis methods such as microbial morphology, biochemical reaction, serology, PCR and gene sequence sequencing. 5.1.1 Morphological analysis
By staining and microscopic observation, the morphological characteristics of bacteria and fungi are determined and classified. Morphological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of bacteria and fungi cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national or industry standards for implementation. 5.1.2 Biochemical reaction analysis
Biochemical reaction analysis is applicable to the identification and analysis of various bacteria cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national, industry standards or currently effective mature methods for implementation.
5.1.3 Serological analysis
Serological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of various bacteria and viruses cultured from bioaerosol particles. It shall be carried out in accordance with national and industry standards or currently effective mature methods.2 When sampling bioaerosols in general environments, sampling personnel should wear general personal protective equipment. 4.5.4.3 When sampling bioaerosols in specific environments (such as clean environments), sampling personnel should wear personal protective equipment in accordance with relevant national standards such as GB/T16293, GB/T16294 or the sampling environment requirements. 4.5.5 Disinfection and sterilization equipment
4.5.5.1 Disinfectants should use methods and techniques that meet the requirements of sanitary disinfection technical specifications and should be time-effective. 4.5.5.2 Before sampling, the sampling head and related equipment of the sampler should be sterilized, and the operator's hands should be disinfected. 4.5.5.3 After sampling, the sampling head of the sampler, sample packaging container, etc. should be sterilized, and the operator's hands should be disinfected. 4.6 Sampling Procedure
4.6.1 Preparation before sampling
4.6.1.1 Determine the type of sampler, accessories, auxiliary equipment and their corresponding quantity according to the sampling task and sampling plan. 4.6.1.2 The equipment used for bioaerosol sampling should be sterile. 4.6.1.3 Before sampling, the influencing factors such as environmental humidity, ambient temperature, and the type of colonies collected should be considered to determine the sampling time. Note: The main factors affecting the efficiency of biological sampling are environmental factors. 4.6.2 Sampler Verification
4.6.2.1 The sampler should be inspected and maintained according to the instruction manual. 4.6.2.2 Before use, check that the sampler is operating normally to ensure that the sampling flow is within the allowable error range. 4.6.3 Sampling point setting
4.6.3.1 For sampling of ordinary bioaerosols in outdoor environments, the corresponding sampling points and number of sampling points should be set according to the source location, wind direction, wind speed and surrounding environmental characteristics of the bioaerosols. 4.6.3.2 For specific environments (such as clean environments), sampling points should be set in accordance with the requirements of national or other relevant standards such as GB/T16293, GB/T16294, GB/T18203, GB/T18204.3, GB50591, etc. 4.6.3.3 When collecting bioaerosols of pathogenic microorganisms, the location and number of sampling points should be set according to the purpose of sampling and the characteristics of the on-site environment.
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GB/T38517—2020
4.6.3.4 For general environmental monitoring, the installation height of the sampling inlet of the bioaerosol sampler should be 1.2m~1.6m. Note: If there is a suspected intentional release of biological hazards or an accidental leak, the sampler can be directly installed at the location closest to the suspected bioaerosol hazard source.
4.6.4 Sampling time setting
4.6.4.1 General requirements for sampling time setting
When setting the sampling time, the type of bioaerosol collected, the sampling method, the type of sampler, the type of sampling medium, the sampling environment factors, the subsequent analysis method, etc. should be fully considered to set a reasonable sampling time. 4.6.4.2 Solid sampling medium
The sampling time of the impact sampler should be ≤15min, and the sampling time of the centrifugal sampler should be ≤8min4.6.4.3 Liquid sampling medium
The sampling time of the impact sampler should be ≤30min, and the sampling time of the dry environment should be ≤20min. 4.6.4.4 Filter membrane sampling medium
The sampling time of the filter sampler should be ≤10min. If the collected samples are only analyzed by nucleic acid methods, the sampling time is not limited. 4.6.4.5 Sedimentation sampling
Generally, the indoor sampling time should be ≤30min, and the clean environment sampling time should be ≤24h. 4.6.4.6 Set the sampling time according to the type of bioaerosol. Usually, the sampling time for bacterial aerosol is 5min~15min, the sampling time for viral aerosol is 15min~30min, and the sampling time for fungal and spore aerosol is 0.5h24h. 4.6.5 Control setting
4.6.5.1 Overview
Set the corresponding analytical blank control samples and field blank control samples. 4.6.5.2 Analytical blank control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire analytical process, a negative control sample covering the entire analytical process should be set. The negative sample includes analytical steps, including high pressure, plate preparation, suspension and extraction, dilution, culture, counting and other processes. 4.6.5.3 Field Blank Control
In order to ensure that no significant contamination occurs during all test steps, a blank sample should be used to verify the quantitative level at which the operator can undertake the task. The blank sample includes all test steps, including preparation, sampling, transportation and analysis. Note: The field blank sample is sampled simultaneously during the sampling process, but air is not drawn through the sampler. The field blank control result represents the number of microorganisms that enter the sample through the operation of the sampling medium during the sampling process. The field blank control value is not used to correct the test results, but is used to check sampling errors. 4.6.6 Sampling Process
4.6.6.1 The sampler is loaded with the medium, and the operation should avoid contamination. 4.6.6.2 Start the sampler to avoid airflow interference caused by human factors around the sampler GB/T38517—2020
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4.6.6.3 After sampling, when retrieving the sampling medium, check its integrity and then seal it to avoid secondary contamination4.6.7 Sample packaging and transportation
4.6.7.1 The collected samples should be sent to the analytical laboratory within 10 hours4.6.7.2 The collected samples should be protected from various interferences (such as light, moisture, dryness, heat, live dust, etc.). The disposable plate collected samples should be kept with the sampling surface facing down during transportation, the liquid collected samples should be kept with the container mouth facing up during transportation, and the filter membrane collected samples should be kept with the sampling surface facing up during transportation.
Note: Different collected samples are placed in different states in sealed containers4.6.7.3 The packaged samples should be stored at 0℃～10℃. The storage conditions should be recorded. 4.6.7.4 The temperature during transportation is ≤10℃. The parameters of the transportation process (temperature, humidity, duration) should be recorded. 4.6.8 Sampling Records
Before and during sampling, a sampling record should be filled in, and the record should have a corresponding description of the environment of the test site (see Appendix B for an example of a sampling report).
The adopted records include but are not limited to the following: 4.6.8.2
Unique identification of each sample.
Sampling date and time.
Name of the sampling personnel
Sampling content and sampling point location (geographic coordinates). d)
Equipment name, model, status, etc.
Records of sampling process and environmental disturbance (e.g. dust caused by passing vehicles) g)
Environmental meteorological parameters: temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction and air pressure h) Name of sample custodian
5 Bioaerosol analysis
Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol
Note: Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol refers to the analysis of microbial species in collected bioaerosol samples through analysis methods such as microbial morphology, biochemical reaction, serology, PCR and gene sequence sequencing. 5.1.1 Morphological analysis
By staining and microscopic observation, the morphological characteristics of bacteria and fungi are determined and classified. Morphological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of bacteria and fungi cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national or industry standards for implementation. 5.1.2 Biochemical reaction analysis
Biochemical reaction analysis is applicable to the identification and analysis of various bacteria cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national, industry standards or currently effective mature methods for implementation.
5.1.3 Serological analysis
Serological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of various bacteria and viruses cultured from bioaerosol particles. It shall be carried out in accordance with national and industry standards or currently effective mature methods.2 When sampling bioaerosols in general environments, sampling personnel should wear general personal protective equipment. 4.5.4.3 When sampling bioaerosols in specific environments (such as clean environments), sampling personnel should wear personal protective equipment in accordance with relevant national standards such as GB/T16293, GB/T16294 or the sampling environment requirements. 4.5.5 Disinfection and sterilization equipment
4.5.5.1 Disinfectants should use methods and techniques that meet the requirements of sanitary disinfection technical specifications and should be time-effective. 4.5.5.2 Before sampling, the sampling head and related equipment of the sampler should be sterilized, and the operator's hands should be disinfected. 4.5.5.3 After sampling, the sampling head of the sampler, sample packaging container, etc. should be sterilized, and the operator's hands should be disinfected. 4.6 Sampling Procedure
4.6.1 Preparation before sampling
4.6.1.1 Determine the type of sampler, accessories, auxiliary equipment and their corresponding quantity according to the sampling task and sampling plan. 4.6.1.2 The equipment used for bioaerosol sampling should be sterile. 4.6.1.3 Before sampling, the influencing factors such as environmental humidity, ambient temperature, and the type of colonies collected should be considered to determine the sampling time. Note: The main factors affecting the efficiency of biological sampling are environmental factors. 4.6.2 Sampler Verification
4.6.2.1 The sampler should be inspected and maintained according to the instruction manual. 4.6.2.2 Before use, check that the sampler is operating normally to ensure that the sampling flow is within the allowable error range. 4.6.3 Sampling point setting
4.6.3.1 For sampling of ordinary bioaerosols in outdoor environments, the corresponding sampling points and number of sampling points should be set according to the source location, wind direction, wind speed and surrounding environmental characteristics of the bioaerosols. 4.6.3.2 For specific environments (such as clean environments), sampling points should be set in accordance with the requirements of national or other relevant standards such as GB/T16293, GB/T16294, GB/T18203, GB/T18204.3, GB50591, etc. 4.6.3.3 When collecting bioaerosols of pathogenic microorganisms, the location and number of sampling points should be set according to the purpose of sampling and the characteristics of the on-site environment.
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GB/T38517—2020
4.6.3.4 For general environmental monitoring, the installation height of the sampling inlet of the bioaerosol sampler should be 1.2m~1.6m. Note: If there is a suspected intentional release of biological hazards or an accidental leak, the sampler can be directly installed at the location closest to the suspected bioaerosol hazard source.
4.6.4 Sampling time setting
4.6.4.1 General requirements for sampling time setting
When setting the sampling time, the type of bioaerosol collected, the sampling method, the type of sampler, the type of sampling medium, the sampling environment factors, the subsequent analysis method, etc. should be fully considered to set a reasonable sampling time. 4.6.4.2 Solid sampling medium
The sampling time of the impact sampler should be ≤15min, and the sampling time of the centrifugal sampler should be ≤8min4.6.4.3 Liquid sampling medium
The sampling time of the impact sampler should be ≤30min, and the sampling time of the dry environment should be ≤20min. 4.6.4.4 Filter membrane sampling medium
The sampling time of the filter sampler should be ≤10min. If the collected samples are only analyzed by nucleic acid methods, the sampling time is not limited. 4.6.4.5 Sedimentation sampling
Generally, the indoor sampling time should be ≤30min, and the clean environment sampling time should be ≤24h. 4.6.4.6 Set the sampling time according to the type of bioaerosol. Usually, the sampling time for bacterial aerosol is 5min~15min, the sampling time for viral aerosol is 15min~30min, and the sampling time for fungal and spore aerosol is 0.5h24h. 4.6.5 Control setting
4.6.5.1 Overview
Set the corresponding analytical blank control samples and field blank control samples. 4.6.5.2 Analytical blank control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire analytical process, a negative control sample covering the entire analytical process should be set. The negative sample includes analytical steps, including high pressure, plate preparation, suspension and extraction, dilution, culture, counting and other processes. 4.6.5.3 Field Blank Control
In order to ensure that no significant contamination occurs during all test steps, a blank sample should be used to verify the quantitative level at which the operator can undertake the task. The blank sample includes all test steps, including preparation, sampling, transportation and analysis. Note: The field blank sample is sampled simultaneously during the sampling process, but air is not drawn through the sampler. The field blank control result represents the number of microorganisms that enter the sample through the operation of the sampling medium during the sampling process. The field blank control value is not used to correct the test results, but is used to check sampling errors. 4.6.6 Sampling Process
4.6.6.1 The sampler is loaded with the medium, and the operation should avoid contamination. 4.6.6.2 Start the sampler to avoid airflow interference caused by human factors around the sampler GB/T38517—2020
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4.6.6.3 After sampling, when retrieving the sampling medium, check its integrity and then seal it to avoid secondary contamination4.6.7 Sample packaging and transportation
4.6.7.1 The collected samples should be sent to the analytical laboratory within 10 hours4.6.7.2 The collected samples should be protected from various interferences (such as light, moisture, dryness, heat, live dust, etc.). The disposable plate collected samples should be kept with the sampling surface facing down during transportation, the liquid collected samples should be kept with the container mouth facing up during transportation, and the filter membrane collected samples should be kept with the sampling surface facing up during transportation.
Note: Different collected samples are placed in different states in sealed containers4.6.7.3 The packaged samples should be stored at 0℃～10℃. The storage conditions should be recorded. 4.6.7.4 The temperature during transportation is ≤10℃. The parameters of the transportation process (temperature, humidity, duration) should be recorded. 4.6.8 Sampling Records
Before and during sampling, a sampling record should be filled in, and the record should have a corresponding description of the environment of the test site (see Appendix B for an example of a sampling report).
The adopted records include but are not limited to the following: 4.6.8.2
Unique identification of each sample.
Sampling date and time.
Name of the sampling personnel
Sampling content and sampling point location (geographic coordinates). d)
Equipment name, model, status, etc.
Records of sampling process and environmental disturbance (e.g. dust caused by passing vehicles) g)
Environmental meteorological parameters: temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction and air pressure h) Name of sample custodian
5 Bioaerosol analysis
Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol
Note: Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol refers to the analysis of microbial species in collected bioaerosol samples through analysis methods such as microbial morphology, biochemical reaction, serology, PCR and gene sequence sequencing. 5.1.1 Morphological analysis
By staining and microscopic observation, the morphological characteristics of bacteria and fungi are determined and classified. Morphological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of bacteria and fungi cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national or industry standards for implementation. 5.1.2 Biochemical reaction analysis
Biochemical reaction analysis is applicable to the identification and analysis of various bacteria cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national, industry standards or currently effective mature methods for implementation.
5.1.3 Serological analysis
Serological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of various bacteria and viruses cultured from bioaerosol particles. It shall be carried out in accordance with national and industry standards or currently effective mature methods.3 Before sampling, factors such as environmental humidity, ambient temperature, and the type of colonies collected should be considered to determine the sampling time. Note: The main factors affecting the efficiency of biological sampling are environmental factors. 4.6.2 Sampler verification
4.6.2.1 The sampler should be inspected and maintained according to the instruction manual. 4.6.2.2 Before use, the sampler should be checked for normal operation to ensure that the sampling flow rate is within the allowable error range. 4.6.3 Sampling point setting
4.6.3.1 For outdoor environment sampling of ordinary bioaerosols, the corresponding sampling points and number of sampling points should be set according to the source location, wind direction, wind speed and surrounding environmental characteristics of the bioaerosols. 4.6.3.2 For specific environments (such as clean environments), sampling points should be set in accordance with the requirements of national or other relevant standards such as GB/T16293, GB/T16294, GB/T18203, GB/T18204.3, GB50591, etc. 4.6.3.3 When collecting bioaerosols of pathogenic microorganisms, the location and number of sampling points should be set according to the purpose of sampling and the characteristics of the on-site environment.
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GB/T38517—2020
4.6.3.4 During general environmental monitoring, the sampling inlet installation height of the bioaerosol sampler should be 1.2m~1.6m. Note: If there is a suspected intentional release of biological hazards or accidental leakage, the sampler can be directly installed at the location closest to the suspected bioaerosol hazard source.
4.6.4 Sampling time setting
4.6.4.1 General requirements for sampling time setting
When setting the sampling time, the type of bioaerosol collected, sampling method, sampler type, sampling medium type, sampling environmental factors, subsequent analysis methods, etc. should be fully considered to set a reasonable sampling time. 4.6.4.2 Solid sampling medium
The sampling time of impact sampler should be ≤15min, and the sampling time of centrifugal sampler should be ≤8min4.6.4.3 Liquid sampling medium
The sampling time of impact sampler should be ≤30min, and the sampling time of dry environment should be ≤20min. 4.6.4.4 Filter membrane sampling medium
The sampling time of filter sampler should be ≤10min. If the collected samples are only analyzed by nucleic acid method, the sampling time is not limited. 4.6.4.5 Sedimentation sampling
General indoor sampling time should be ≤30min, and clean environment sampling time should be ≤24h. 4.6.4.6 Set sampling time according to bioaerosol type Usually, the sampling time of bacterial aerosol is 5min~15min, the sampling time of viral aerosol is 15min~30min, and the sampling time of fungal and spore aerosol is 0.5h24h. 4.6.5 Control SettingwwW.bzxz.Net
4.6.5.1 Overview
Set up corresponding analytical blank control samples and field blank control samples 4.6.5.2 Analytical Blank Control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire analytical process, a negative control sample covering the entire analytical process should be set up. The negative sample includes analytical steps, including high pressure, plate preparation, suspension and extraction, dilution, cultivation, counting and other processes. 4.6.5.3 Field Blank Control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire test step, a blank sample should be used to verify the quantitative level of the operator's ability to undertake the task. The blank sample includes all test steps, including preparation, sampling, transportation and analysis. Note: Field blank samples are collected at the same time as the sampling process, but air is not drawn through the sampler. The field blank control result represents the number of microorganisms that enter the sample through the operation of the sampling medium during the sampling process. The field blank control value is not used to correct the test results, but is used to check sampling errors. 4.6.6 Sampling process
4.6.6.1 Load the sampler with the medium, and avoid contamination during operation. 4.6.6.2 Start the sampler to avoid airflow interference caused by human factors around the sampler GB/T38517—2020
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4.6.6.3 After sampling, when retrieving the sampling medium, check its integrity and then seal it to avoid secondary contamination 4.6.7 Sample packaging and transportation
4.6.7.1 The collected samples should be sent to the analytical laboratory within 10 hours 4.6.7.2 The collected samples should be protected from various interferences (such as light, moisture, dryness, heat, live dust, etc.). The disposable plate sample should be kept with the sampling surface facing down during transportation, the liquid sample should be kept with the container mouth facing up during transportation, and the filter membrane sample should be kept with the sampling surface facing up during transportation.
Note: Different samples are placed in different sealed containers. 4.6.7.3 Packaged samples should be stored at 0℃～10℃. Storage conditions should be recorded. 4.6.7.4 Temperature during transportation ≤10℃. All parameters of the transportation process (temperature, humidity, duration) should be recorded. 4.6.8 Sampling records
Before and during sampling, sampling records should be filled in. The records should have a corresponding description of the environment of the test site (see Appendix B for an example of a sampling report).
The adopted records include but are not limited to the following: 4.6.8.2
Unique identification of each sample.
Sampling date and time.
Name of the sampling personnel
Sampling content and sampling point location (geographic coordinates). d)
Equipment name, model, status, etc.
Records of sampling process and environmental disturbance (e.g. dust caused by passing vehicles) g)
Environmental meteorological parameters: temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction and air pressure h) Name of sample custodian
5 Bioaerosol analysis
Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol
Note: Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol refers to the analysis of microbial species in collected bioaerosol samples through analysis methods such as microbial morphology, biochemical reaction, serology, PCR and gene sequence sequencing. 5.1.1 Morphological analysis
By staining and microscopic observation, the morphological characteristics of bacteria and fungi are determined and classified. Morphological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of bacteria and fungi cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national or industry standards for implementation. 5.1.2 Biochemical reaction analysis
Biochemical reaction analysis is applicable to the identification and analysis of various bacteria cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national, industry standards or currently effective mature methods for implementation.
5.1.3 Serological analysis
Serological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of various bacteria and viruses cultured from bioaerosol particles. It shall be carried out in accordance with national and industry standards or currently effective mature methods.3 Before sampling, factors such as environmental humidity, ambient temperature, and the type of colonies collected should be considered to determine the sampling time. Note: The main factors affecting the efficiency of biological sampling are environmental factors. 4.6.2 Sampler verification
4.6.2.1 The sampler should be inspected and maintained according to the instruction manual. 4.6.2.2 Before use, the sampler should be checked for normal operation to ensure that the sampling flow rate is within the allowable error range. 4.6.3 Sampling point setting
4.6.3.1 For outdoor environment sampling of ordinary bioaerosols, the corresponding sampling points and number of sampling points should be set according to the source location, wind direction, wind speed and surrounding environmental characteristics of the bioaerosols. 4.6.3.2 For specific environments (such as clean environments), sampling points should be set in accordance with the requirements of national or other relevant standards such as GB/T16293, GB/T16294, GB/T18203, GB/T18204.3, GB50591, etc. 4.6.3.3 When collecting bioaerosols of pathogenic microorganisms, the location and number of sampling points should be set according to the purpose of sampling and the characteristics of the on-site environment.
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GB/T38517—2020
4.6.3.4 During general environmental monitoring, the sampling inlet installation height of the bioaerosol sampler should be 1.2m~1.6m. Note: If there is a suspected intentional release of biological hazards or accidental leakage, the sampler can be directly installed at the location closest to the suspected bioaerosol hazard source.
4.6.4 Sampling time setting
4.6.4.1 General requirements for sampling time setting
When setting the sampling time, the type of bioaerosol collected, sampling method, sampler type, sampling medium type, sampling environmental factors, subsequent analysis methods, etc. should be fully considered to set a reasonable sampling time. 4.6.4.2 Solid sampling medium
The sampling time of impact sampler should be ≤15min, and the sampling time of centrifugal sampler should be ≤8min4.6.4.3 Liquid sampling medium
The sampling time of impact sampler should be ≤30min, and the sampling time of dry environment should be ≤20min. 4.6.4.4 Filter membrane sampling medium
The sampling time of filter sampler should be ≤10min. If the collected samples are only analyzed by nucleic acid method, the sampling time is not limited. 4.6.4.5 Sedimentation sampling
General indoor sampling time should be ≤30min, and clean environment sampling time should be ≤24h. 4.6.4.6 Set sampling time according to bioaerosol type Usually, the sampling time of bacterial aerosol is 5min~15min, the sampling time of viral aerosol is 15min~30min, and the sampling time of fungal and spore aerosol is 0.5h24h. 4.6.5 Control Setting
4.6.5.1 Overview
Set up corresponding analytical blank control samples and field blank control samples 4.6.5.2 Analytical Blank Control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire analytical process, a negative control sample covering the entire analytical process should be set up. The negative sample includes analytical steps, including high pressure, plate preparation, suspension and extraction, dilution, cultivation, counting and other processes. 4.6.5.3 Field Blank Control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire test step, a blank sample should be used to verify the quantitative level of the operator's ability to undertake the task. The blank sample includes all test steps, including preparation, sampling, transportation and analysis. Note: Field blank samples are collected at the same time as the sampling process, but air is not drawn through the sampler. The field blank control result represents the number of microorganisms that enter the sample through the operation of the sampling medium during the sampling process. The field blank control value is not used to correct the test results, but is used to check sampling errors. 4.6.6 Sampling process
4.6.6.1 Load the sampler with the medium, and avoid contamination during operation. 4.6.6.2 Start the sampler to avoid airflow interference caused by human factors around the sampler GB/T38517—2020
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4.6.6.3 After sampling, when retrieving the sampling medium, check its integrity and then seal it to avoid secondary contamination 4.6.7 Sample packaging and transportation
4.6.7.1 The collected samples should be sent to the analytical laboratory within 10 hours 4.6.7.2 The collected samples should be protected from various interferences (such as light, moisture, dryness, heat, live dust, etc.). The disposable plate sample should be kept with the sampling surface facing down during transportation, the liquid sample should be kept with the container mouth facing up during transportation, and the filter membrane sample should be kept with the sampling surface facing up during transportation.
Note: Different samples are placed in different sealed containers. 4.6.7.3 Packaged samples should be stored at 0℃～10℃. Storage conditions should be recorded. 4.6.7.4 Temperature during transportation ≤10℃. All parameters of the transportation process (temperature, humidity, duration) should be recorded. 4.6.8 Sampling records
Before and during sampling, sampling records should be filled in. The records should have a corresponding description of the environment of the test site (see Appendix B for an example of a sampling report).
The adopted records include but are not limited to the following: 4.6.8.2
Unique identification of each sample.
Sampling date and time.
Name of the sampling personnel
Sampling content and sampling point location (geographic coordinates). d)
Equipment name, model, status, etc.
Records of sampling process and environmental disturbance (e.g. dust caused by passing vehicles) g)
Environmental meteorological parameters: temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction and air pressure h) Name of sample custodian
5 Bioaerosol analysis
Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol
Note: Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol refers to the analysis of microbial species in collected bioaerosol samples through analysis methods such as microbial morphology, biochemical reaction, serology, PCR and gene sequence sequencing. 5.1.1 Morphological analysis
By staining and microscopic observation, the morphological characteristics of bacteria and fungi are determined and classified. Morphological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of bacteria and fungi cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national or industry standards for implementation. 5.1.2 Biochemical reaction analysis
Biochemical reaction analysis is applicable to the identification and analysis of various bacteria cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national, industry standards or currently effective mature methods for implementation.
5.1.3 Serological analysis
Serological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of various bacteria and viruses cultured from bioaerosol particles. It shall be carried out in accordance with national and industry standards or currently effective mature methods.4 Filter sampling medium
The sampling time of the filter sampler should be ≤10min. If the collected samples are only analyzed by nucleic acid method, the sampling time is not limited. 4.6.4.5 Sedimentation sampling
General indoor sampling time should be ≤30min, and clean environment sampling time should be ≤24h. 4.6.4.6 Set sampling time according to bioaerosol type. Usually, the sampling time of bacterial aerosol is 5min~15min, the sampling time of viral aerosol is 15min~30min, and the sampling time of fungal and spore aerosol is 0.5h24h. 4.6.5 Control Setting
4.6.5.1 Overview
Set up corresponding analytical blank control samples and field blank control samples 4.6.5.2 Analytical Blank Control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire analytical process, a negative control sample covering the entire analytical process should be set up. The negative sample includes analytical steps, including high pressure, plate preparation, suspension and extraction, dilution, cultivation, counting and other processes. 4.6.5.3 Field Blank Control
In order to prevent significant contamination during the entire test step, a blank sample should be used to verify the quantitative level of the operator's ability to undertake the task. The blank sample includes all test steps, including preparation, sampling, transportation and analysis. Note: Field blank samples are collected at the same time as the sampling process, but air is not drawn through the sampler. The field blank control result represents the number of microorganisms that enter the sample through the operation of the sampling medium during the sampling process. The field blank control value is not used to correct the test results, but is used to check sampling errors. 4.6.6 Sampling process
4.6.6.1 Load the sampler with the medium, and avoid contamination during operation. 4.6.6.2 Start the sampler to avoid airflow interference caused by human factors around the sampler GB/T38517—2020
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4.6.6.3 After sampling, when retrieving the sampling medium, check its integrity and then seal it to avoid secondary contamination 4.6.7 Sample packaging and transportation
4.6.7.1 The collected samples should be sent to the analytical laboratory within 10 hours 4.6.7.2 The collected samples should be protected from various interferences (such as light, moisture, dryness, heat, live dust, etc.). The disposable plate sample should be kept with the sampling surface facing down during transportation, the liquid sample should be kept with the container mouth facing up during transportation, and the filter membrane sample should be kept with the sampling surface facing up during transportation.
Note: Different samples are placed in different sealed containers. 4.6.7.3 Packaged samples should be stored at 0℃～10℃. Storage conditions should be recorded. 4.6.7.4 Temperature during transportation ≤10℃. All parameters of the transportation process (temperature, humidity, duration) should be recorded. 4.6.8 Sampling records
Before and during sampling, sampling records should be filled in. The records should have a corresponding description of the environment of the test site (see Appendix B for an example of a sampling report).
The adopted records include but are not limited to the following: 4.6.8.2
Unique identification of each sample.
Sampling date and time.
Name of the sampling personnel
Sampling content and sampling point location (geographic coordinates). d)
Equipment name, model, status, etc.
Records of sampling process and environmental disturbance (e.g. dust caused by passing vehicles) g)
Environmental meteorological parameters: temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction and air pressure h) Name of sample custodian
5 Bioaerosol analysis
Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol
Note: Qualitative analysis of bioaerosol refers to the analysis of microbial species in collected bioaerosol samples through analysis methods such as microbial morphology, biochemical reaction, serology, PCR and gene sequence sequencing. 5.1.1 Morphological analysis
By staining and microscopic observation, the morphological characteristics of bacteria and fungi are determined and classified. Morphological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of bacteria and fungi cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national or industry standards for implementation. 5.1.2 Biochemical reaction analysis
Biochemical reaction analysis is applicable to the identification and analysis of various bacteria cultured in bioaerosol particles. Refer to national, industry standards or currently effective mature methods for implementation.
5.1.3 Serological analysis
Serological analysis is applicable to the qualitative analysis of various bacteria and viruses cultured from bioaerosol particles. It shall be carried out in accordance with national and industry standards or currently effective mature methods.4 Filter sampling medium||t
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