Some standard content:
Q8/1 2270—1996
This standard is made up of the original professional standard ZBY11019—1988 with HPb60-2 lead brass plate and dining set. The main differences between this standard and the original 2.BY11019-1988 are as follows: 1. The writing format and expression method are in accordance with GB/T 1.1-1993 Standardization Work Guidelines Unit 1: Drafting and Expression Rules of Standards Part 1, Basic Regulations for Standard Writing\Implementation: The content of Chapter 3 has been reorganized, and the original Table 1. Table 2 internal thickness series size has been changed to all sizes from 0.10~5.00mm--5.6 has added the average grain size estimation method:--Chapter 6 has been changed to a new article, including the following: 6.1 Inspection and acceptance
6.2 Batch
6.3 Inspection items
6.4 Sampling quantity
6.5 Unqualified judgment
Appendix A of this standard is the appendix of the standard. This standard is proposed by the Quality Standards Department of China Light Industry Federation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Clock and Watch Standard Promotion Center. The drafting unit of this standard: Shanghai Clock and Watch Copper Factory. The main drafters of this standard are Gao Beizhu, Wu Jinrong, and Zhao Weiyu. The professional standard ZBY11019-1988 HPb60-2 lead brass plates and strips for table use issued by the former Ministry of Light Industry will be invalidated from the date of implementation of this standard.
1 Scope
Light Industry Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China
HPb60-2 Lead Brass Plates and Strips for Table Use
QB/T 2270-1996
This standard specifies the product classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, etc. of HPb60-2 lead brass plates and strips for use as substitutes for HPb60-2 lead brass plates and strips.
This standard is applicable to HPb60-2 lead brass plates and strips for manufacturing hand-made parts. 2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard by being referenced in this standard. The versions shown are all valid when the standard is published. All standards are subject to revision. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB/T228-1987 Metal tensile test method GB/T4340-1984 Metal Vickers hardness test method GB/T4342-1991 Metal micro Vickers hardness test method G13/T5122.11985 Yellow steel chemical analysis method Electrolytic determination of copper content GB/T5122.2-1985 Brass chemical analysis method Electrolytic separation-EITA titration method for lead content G13/T8888-1988 Heavy non-ferrous metal processing products packaging, marking, transportation and storage GH/T10610-1989 Stylus instrument measurement of surface roughness rules and methods JSO 2624:1990 Copper and copper alloys--Estimation of average grain size (system and copper alloy
3 Product classification, specifications and marking
3.1 Classification
8) According to the shape of the material, it is divided into plates and strips;: average grain size estimation method)
b) According to the state of the material, it is divided into (Y) and extra hard (T). 3.2 Specifications
3.2.1 The overall dimensions and limit deviations of the plates are shown in Table 1. Approved by China Light Industry General Association on January 27, 1997
KAONKAa
Implemented on September 1, 1997
Basic size
Limit deviation
-- 0, 15
QB/T 2270---1996
Basic size
Strip dimensions and limit deviations are shown in Table 2. 3.2.2
Basic size
Limit deviation
0, 03
Basic size
Limit deviation
Uneven edge
Limit tolerance
Untough edge
Basic size
800~1000
Basic size
3.2.3 Delivery regulations for plates and strips
a) For each batch of short-length materials that can be delivered, the weight of the plate shall not exceed 20% of the total weight, and the length shall not be less than 400mm. The weight of the strip shall not exceed 15% of the total weight. The length shall not be less than 2000mm. h) The inner diameter of the strip coil shall not be less than 300mm.
3.3 Marking
3.31 The product brand is HPb60-2.
3.3.2 Marking example
Hard plate made of HPb602 with a thickness of 0.65mm, a width of 60mm and a length of 1000mm, and a thickness limit deviation of Level 1, is marked as:
Plate HPb60-2Y0.65X60×1000Level 1QB/T2270—1996397
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Chemical composition
The chemical composition of plates and strips shall comply with the requirements of Table 3. Alloy code
Main components
HPb50-259.0--61.01.90--2.6c4.2 Mechanical properties
OB/T 2270
Element content (not more than)
0,005
4.2.1 Mechanical properties are evaluated based on the hardness test results. Whether the tensile test is carried out depends on the needs of the user. 4.2.2
The hardness test and tensile test results of plates and strips shall comply with the provisions of Table 4. Table 4
Mechanical properties
Supply status
Hard (Y)
Extra hard (T)
4.3 Appearance quality
Vickers
160~180
175~230
Tensile strength
529637
4.3.1 The surface of the plate and strip should be smooth and no defects such as cracks, peeling, inclusions and folds are allowed. %
Elongation%
Not less than
4.3.2 The depth of local slight scratches, pits, embossing, spots and other defects shall not exceed half of the thickness limit deviation of the plate and strip. 4.3.3 Slight oxidation color, oil stains, water stains and other defects that cannot be removed after pickling are not allowed. 4.4 Appearance quality
4.4.1 The dimensions (length, width, thickness) of plates and strips and their limit deviations shall comply with the requirements of 3.2.1 and 3.2.2. 4.4.2 The transverse flatness of plates and strips shall not exceed 1% of the width dimension. 4.4.3 The side straightness of plates and strips shall not exceed 4tmim per meter. 4.4.4 Waves that cannot be removed after straightening are not allowed. 4.4.5 For trimmed plates and strips, cracks and curling are not allowed, and burrs with a length and width greater than 0.5mn are not allowed. 4.5 Surface roughness
The surface roughness R of plates and strips shall not exceed 1.6um. 4.6 Metallographic structure
4.6.1 The metallographic structure is a phase plus a small amount of phase and lead phase. 4.6.2 The grains should be uniform. The g phase must have Li crystals, and the average grain size of the α phase should not exceed 0.04mm. 4.6.33 Phase distribution should be uniform and should not be connected into a network. 46.4 Lead phase distribution should be uniform and fine, and a certain length of elongation is allowed along the rolling direction. 5 Test method
5.1 Chemical composition
The arbitration analysis of chemical composition is mainly based on the main components, and the content of other elements is not assessed, but the supplier should ensure that their total is not greater than the limit value.
The chemical composition measurement of the system shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T5122.1. 5.1+1
5.1.2 The chemical composition measurement of lead shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T5122.2. 5.2 Mechanical properties
KAONKAA
QB/T2270---1996
5.2.1 The hardness test shall be carried out using a Vickers hardness tester or a micro Vickers hardness tester in accordance with the provisions of GB/T4340 or GB/T4342. 5.2.2 The tensile strength and elongation tests shall be conducted using a tensile testing machine in accordance with the provisions of GB/T228. 5.3 Appearance quality
The appearance quality of plates and strips shall be visually inspected with normal vision. 5.4 Appearance quality
Use a universal measuring tool to measure the dimensions, use a standard plug and ruler to measure the flatness deviation, and use a ruler and angle ruler to measure the side straightness. The thickness of uncut strips shall be measured at a distance of not less than 3mm from the edge, and the thickness of cut plates and strips shall be measured at a distance of 2mm from the edge. 5.5 Surface roughness
The surface roughness test shall be conducted using a comparison method or a wheel mill with normal vision in accordance with the provisions of GB/T10610. 5.6 The average grain size determination method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of IS(>2624, and the lead phase length shall be determined by agreement between the two parties. 6 Inspection rules
6.1 Inspection and acceptance
6.1.1 Plates and strips shall be inspected by the supplier's technical inspection department. The products shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4 and provide a product quality guarantee. 6.1.2 The buyer shall complete the inspection within two months from the date of receipt. 6.2 Batch
Plates and strips shall be inspected in batches. Each batch shall consist of materials of the same brand, specification and state. 6.3 Inspection items
The inspection items for each batch of plates and strips shall comply with the provisions of Table 5. Table 5
Inspection items
Chemical composition analysis
Hardness test
Tensile test
Appearance quality
Appearance qualitybZxz.net
Surface roughness viscosity test
Metallurgical structure analysis
Note: () indicates a required inspection item; △ indicates an inspection item determined by negotiation. 6.4 Sampling quantity
6.4.1 Chemical composition analysis. Take one sample at random for each batch of plates and strips. Plate and Strip
6.4.2 Hardness test: no less than three samples shall be taken from each batch, and no less than 2 test points shall be taken for each sample. 6.4.3 For tensile strength, elongation, surface roughness test and grain size determination, one sample shall be randomly taken from each batch. 6.4.4 Appearance and shape quality shall be inspected sheet by sheet (roll). 6.5 Determination of failure
For each test in the test method, if two samples fail the test results, double samples shall be taken from the batch for retesting of the item. If one sample still fails the retesting result, the item shall be regarded as a failed product. 7 Packaging, marking, transportation and storage
The packaging, marking, transportation and storage of plates and strips shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T8888. 399
ISO 2624:1990
QB/T 2270—1996
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Copper and copper alloys—…Evaluation of average grain size before
15() (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS) member bodies. The work of developing international standards is usually done by IS) technical committees. Each member body interested in a project established by a technical committee has the right to participate in the committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental organizations in liaison with IS() may also participate in the work of ISO. In all electrotechnical standards, ISO works closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Draft international standards adopted by the technical committee must be circulated to member bodies for voting before being formally approved as ISO standards by the ISO Council. According to ISO procedures, at least 75 of the relevant member bodies must vote to pass. International Standard ISO (ISO) 2621 is a method for evaluating the average grain size of copper and copper alloys, prepared by Technical Committee ISO (ISO)/TC 26. The second edition makes some changes to the first edition (ISO) 2624:1973), cancels and replaces the first edition. Annex A is an integral part of this International Standard. 100
YKAoNrKca
0 Reference
QB/T 2270-1996
On a grinding disc of metal, a grain is the area within the crystal boundary. For the purposes of the methods described in this International Standard, a disintegration and its twin band are considered to be a grain. In estimating the grain size, subgrains, minor component phases, intercalations and additions are not considered. In using these methods, it is important to recognize that the grain size estimate is not an exact determination. Metallic structures are a collection of three-dimensional crystals of different sizes and shapes. Even if the size and shape of all crystals are the same, the cross-sectional area of each grain on any plane (observation plane) will have an area distribution from maximum to zero, which is related to where the plane cuts the crystals. Obviously, there cannot be two measurement fields that are completely interlaced. The reason for this failure is that the number of grains that can be reasonably estimated is less than the statistically expected number. 1 Specification
This International Standard specifies three methods of estimation and expression for the average grain size of steel alloys that are, in principle, single-phase. These methods are the comparison method, the variable line method and the plane calorimetry method. The comparison method (comparing the specimen with the standard diagram) is the most convenient for most industrial applications and has considerable accuracy. The estimation of grain size by the intersection method (Htyn) or the plane measurement method (Jeffries) can obtain higher accuracy. In controversial cases, it is recommended that the parties concerned agree on which of these methods to use. For materials with non-equiaxed grain structure, the intersection method is usually used. 2 Symbols and explanations
3 Sample
The Jeffrius number used when determining the number of grains per 1 mm* by plane measurement method Due to the number of crystal snakes per 1 mm
Average grain diameter\, mtn, arbitrary quantity, defined as 1/√mAverage interlacing length
Sensitivity multiple
3.1 Grain size should be estimated on three or more representative fields of view on each specimen grind. For known equiaxed grain structure, only one representative grind should be taken from the specimen; for non-equiaxed grains or unknown grain structure, three grinds at right angles to each other should be prepared.
3.2 The specimen should be carefully prepared to show the grain boundaries, using contrast etching for comparison with the standard map. 4 Methods
4. 1 Comparison method
Grain size estimation is: directly compare the projected image of the microphotograph of the representative field of view of the sample with the standard grain size microphotograph, or with an appropriate replica (see Appendix for standard grain size diagrams): When the projection microscope is not available, a table microscope can be used. In order to facilitate comparison, it is recommended to make some mechanical devices that can move the standard microphotograph to a position adjacent to the projection image. 4.2 Intersection glass
4.2.1 Grain estimation is: on the glass screen of the projection microscope Count the number of grains intercepted by one or more lines on the image of a table microscope equipped with a graduated mirror, on a photomicrograph of a representative field of view, or on the specimen itself. For general purposes, at least 10 grains should be intercepted by each line, and not less than 50 grains should be intercepted by all lines. For seeding purposes, not less than 200 grains should be intercepted by all lines. Grains intersected by the ends of the lines are counted as half a grain. The length (mm) of a true line or lines on the surface of the abrasive disc divided by the number of grains intersected by the lines gives the average intersection length1. For practical purposes, the average intersection length may be considered equal to the average grain diameter. 4.2.2 For non-equiaxed grain structures, measurements should be made on longitudinal and transverse specimen discs along lines in the three cardinal directions of the specimen. For each direction, the average grain diameter\ is calculated as in 4.2.1. 4.3 Plane measurement method
4.3.1 In the plane measurement method, a circle or rectangle of known area (5000 mm* is generally used to simplify the calculation) is projected onto the glass screen of the microphotograph or projection microscope. Choice of magnification: For general purposes, at least 50 grains, for arbitration purposes at least 200 grains, are included in the field to be counted, and the number of grains within this area is counted when the image is focused. The sum of the number of grains completely contained in the known area plus the number of grains cut by 1/2 of the area circle is taken as the equivalent number of all grains in this area at this magnification. If this equivalent number is multiplied by the Jeffries factor f, the product will be the number of grains per 1 mm m+ The second column in Table 1 shows the correspondence between magnification and factor.
Table 1 Jeffries factor, magnification used for area 5000 mm?
The Jeffries factor for the number of grains per mm2 is 0.0002
*At 75° diameter magnification, if the area is 5625 mm2 (ring diameter is 84.5 mm), the Jeffries factor will be equal to 1. 4.3.2 The average grain diameter d (in cubic meters) in each field of view can be calculated by the following formula: d
5 Test Report
5.1 Comparison Method
The grain size measured for each field of view should be reported according to the grain size of the closest standard grain size diagram (see Appendix A). When only one data is required, the median of these results can be reported. The standard diagram is reproduced at 75° magnification and is generally suitable for steel and copper alloys. If other magnifications are used, please refer to I 2 and report the corresponding grain size. The values in the table have been rounded to the approximate values required for commercial applications. Table 2 can be compared with other magnifications using appropriate factors: for example, when the grain size at 250 μm is divided by 10, the length of the intersection line should be multiplied by a factor of 1 in order to achieve a grain "diameter" consistent with that obtained by the surface measurement method or the comparison method.13.402
KAONKAa
QB/T 2270—1996
or 400 times, divide the grain size at 200 times by 2. Thus, the grain size at 250 corresponding to the 0.050 grain size at 75 times is 4.015mm (0.150 at 25 times divided by 10). It is understood that it is not uncommon for operators to convert the standard figure once more when determining the grain size of the base field. 5.2 Intersection method or plane measurement method
In equiaxed crystal materials, each result of three or more representative fields of view that have been measured should be reported. In other cases, when only one data is required, the median of these results is reported. Table 2 The corresponding relationship between the actual particle size of the sample observed at various magnifications and the standard image of the microphotograph Imaging magnification
X75 (standard)
Particle size when the adult and the standard are compared,rm0.0100.0150.0200.0250.0350.0450.0500.060|0.0700,0905.1200.1500.2000.0300.0450,0600.080
0.0150.0200
0,2100.270
9.0500.070
0.0080.0100.0150.0200.0250.0350.0050.0070. 0100.012
0900100
10.03510.
a.008/0.009
0.0050.007
o.0950.119
In non-equiaxed materials, when the intersection method is used, the results should be reported in three directions, either taking separate fields or reporting the median value in each direction.
5.3 Mixed grain size
This is sometimes encountered, for example, in hot-worked gold. Mixed grain size can be expressed by contrast or by giving the percentage of area occupied by the two grain sizes, or by giving two ranges of grain sizes. 4.03
ISO 2624:1990
QB/T 2270—1996
Appendix A
Standard grain size diagram (×75)
Figure A1 Average grain with a diameter of 0.200 mm
Note: The reference metallographic film provided in this appendix is taken from the ^5TM standard E112-1985 Standard method for determining average grain size, Figure 1. 404
YYKAONKAa
QB/T 2270--1996
Figure A2 Average grain with a diameter of 0.15 mm
QB/T 2270--1996
Figure A3 Average grain with a diameter of 0.120 mm average grain Figure A5 has an average grain diameter of 0.070 mm
Figure A4 has an average grain diameter of 0.090 mm
Figure A6 has an average grain diameter of 0.060 mm
YKAONKAa
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.