SY/T 0316-1997 Recommended Practice for Field Inspection of New Line Pipe
Some standard content:
ICS23.040.10:19.100
Registration No.: 1095-1998
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China SY/T 0316--1997
Recommended practice for field inspection of new line pipe
Recommended practice for field inspection of new line pipe1997-12-28 Issued
China National Petroleum Corporation
199806-01 Implementation
SY/T 0316-1997
API Foreword
Referenced Standards
Inspection Entrustment Documents
Definition of Common Terms for Field Inspection of New Line Pipe Quality Assurance
Qualification Review of Inspectors
General Inspection Procedures
Acceptance Basis, Disposal Measures and Responsibilities
Appearance Inspection and Dimensional Inspection
Hardness Test
Magnetic Particle Inspection
Electromagnetic Inspection·
Residual Magnetism and Demagnetization
Gamma Ray Wall Thickness Measurement
Electromagnetic Steel Grade Comparison·.
Ultrasonic Inspection
Evaluation of Defects and Deviations
SY/ T 0316-1997
This standard is a revision of the American Petroleum Institute standard "Recommended Practice for Field Inspection of New Line Pipe" (AP1 RP 5L8-1990) was converted and compiled in accordance with the provisions of GB/T1.1: This standard is equivalent to APIRP5L8-1990 in terms of technical content and writing rules. In the process of converting APIRP5SL8 to this standard, some common sense or repetitive terms in the original standard were deleted: and the remaining terms were reordered; on the basis of retaining the reference standards of the original standard, "my country's corresponding applicable standards" were added. Since the writing rules of APIRP5L8 should comply with the provisions of GB/T1.1 when converting it into the oil and gas industry standard, the chapter number of APIRP5L was changed accordingly. The scope is to be the first chapter of this standard, and "2 reference standards" are added. The first chapter "application" in the original standard and the numbers of subsequent chapters are added with "2" as the chapter numbers of this standard. The article numbers in the chapters are changed accordingly: the order of the articles remains unchanged or slightly changed. According to the provisions of GB/TI.1, the foreword of APIRPSL8 standard is retained. This standard shall be implemented from June 1, 1998. This standard is proposed and managed by the Engineering and Technology Research Institute of China National Petroleum Corporation. Drafting unit of this standard: Engineering and Technology Research Institute of China National Petroleum Corporation. Who are the main drafters of this standard? Shi Jieling, Zheng Yugang, Wu Wanhuan, Wang Lichun V
SY/T 0316-1997
API Foreword
(a) The American Petroleum Institute (API) recommends practices to facilitate the widespread use of proven, good engineering technology and operating practices. These recommended practices are not intended to eliminate the need for correct judgment on when and where these recommended practices should be adopted. (b) The development and publication of API recommended practices are not intended in any way to restrict anyone from adopting alternative practices. (c) API recommended practices are available for use by anyone who wishes to implement them. The Institute has made unremitting efforts to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in these recommended practices; however, the Institute makes no representations, warranties, or guarantees regarding any API recommended practices published, and expressly disclaims any liability for damages or losses resulting from the use of these recommendations. The Institute assumes no liability or responsibility for any violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation that may be inconsistent with the use of these recommended practices, or for any patent infringement resulting from the use of these recommended practices.
(1) This standard is effective as of the date printed on the cover, but may be adopted voluntarily from the date of distribution. 1 Scope
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China Recommended Practice for Field Inspection of New Line Pipe
SY T 0316-1997
Recommended practice for field inspection of new line pipe This recommended practice covers the recommended methods for field inspection and testing of new plain-end line pipe. This recommended practice is formulated for the methods and techniques used in field inspection of line pipe. Some parts of it are not applicable to factory inspection. This recommended practice is intended as a guide for inspection and/or rapid testing. It should not be interpreted as prohibiting the use of self-explanatory solutions, inspection with other techniques, promotion of existing technologies, or re-testing certain pipes. This recommended practice includes the qualification review of inspectors, the description of inspection methods, and the calibration and calibration procedures of instruments used in various inspection methods. It also includes the evaluation of defects and the marking of new line pipe after inspection. This recommended practice should be used as a guide for field inspection methods, but should not be used as a basis for acceptance or rejection. Acceptance or rejection of new pipelines with API logo shall be determined based on whether they comply with GB/T9711.1 or API Spec5L. 2 Reference standards
The provisions contained in the underlined standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard: This international standard is published for, and the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T9711.1-1997 Technical conditions for delivery of steel pipes for petroleum and natural gas transportation Part 1: Grade A steel pipes GB/T19001-1996 Quality system design, development, quality assurance model for production, installation and service API Spec 5L-1995 Specification for pipeline steel pipes (41st edition) API Snec Q1-1994
Quality outline specification
API Bullit 11988 Bulletin of defect terms
3 Application
3.1 Basis of inspection
This recommended practice contains methods for inspecting newly manufactured pipeline pipes. The basis for a particular inspection may be GB/T9711.1, API Spec 5L or supplementary specifications or a contract established by the user. The inspections listed in this recommended practice may be one of the following three categories:
3.1.1 Inspections specified in GB/T 9711.I and API Spec 5L. 3.1.2 Inspections specified in GB/T 3.1.3 Any optional test specified in GB/T 9711.1 or API Spec 5L. 3. Applicability of Tests
3.2.1 Some of the practices in this recommended practice are applicable to pipes of various sizes or types, while some practices are limited in application. Table 1 shows the tests applicable in the field and included in this recommended practice, which are related to the pipe type. When filling out the consignment information (see Chapter 4) as the basis for the inspection contract, the pipe owner may specify which tests are to be used to complete the inspection contract. 3.3 Repeatability of Inspection Results
3.3.1 Sources of Error
Every inspection and measurement process is characterized by inherent variability in the results. The damage inspection and measurement methods in this recommended practice are characterized by other inherent variability caused by the following factors. GB / T 9711.1, API Spec 5L It is permitted to select the inspection practices for specific inspections 3.3.1, 1
Table 1 Applicable field inspections
Full-length visual inspection
Pipe end diameter and groove inspection
Magnetic particle inspection of the inner surface of the weld for the full length
Magnetic particle inspection of the outer surface of the weld for the full length
Magnetic particle inspection of the inner surface for the full length
Magnetic particle inspection of the outer surface for the full length
End inspection
Electromagnetic inspection
Residual magnetism measurement
Shemar-ray wall thickness measurement
Steel grade comparisonbZxz.net
Ultrasonic inspection of pipe body layer and wall thickness
Longitudinal: transverse and oblique ultrasonic and medium-wave inspection of pipe body Ultrasonic inspection of welds
Ultrasonic lamination inspection of pipe ends
Handheld ultrasonic measurement
Note: The abbreviations of the applicable inspections are explained as follows: ALL: The inspection applies to the entire diameter range. Continuous furnace welded pipe
EQ: The inspection is applicable to the entire diameter range, but is limited by the equipment. N: The inspection is usually not applicable to this type of pipe. NA: Not applicable, because there is no continuous pipe and no weld seamless pipe
Pipe type
Electric welded pipe
Submerged arc welded pipe
3.3.1.2 Within the scope of the single--inspection practice, GB/T 9711, 1.API Spec 5L allows the calibration standard to be selected arbitrarily, 3.3.1.3 Each NDT system manufacturer uses different mechanical and electronic designs. 3.3.1.4 Some of the practices in this recommended practice are based on the operation of high-sensitivity or even maximum-sensitivity systems, rather than using the reference standards specified in GB/T 9711.1 and API Spec 5L. 3.3.1.5 Within the performance range of a single NDT system, its measurement results cannot be completely repeated. 3.3.1.6 Radiographic Inspection For double submerged arc coal (DSAW) pipes, GB/T 9711.1 and API Spec 5L contain many provisions for inspection using radiographic methods, which are neither included nor specifically mentioned in this recommended practice; however, there may be such a situation: pipes listed as unqualified according to this recommended practice SY/T 0316-1997
may have been inspected by the manufacturer using the online inspection or re-inspection method in accordance with GB/T 9711.1 and API SnecSL, and marked as qualified products.
3.4 Volatility of Results
3.4.1 Disposition
For the reasons described in 3.3.1, the results of field inspections may not be able to replicate the results of future inspections. It is expected that the results of the various inspection methods included in this recommended practice will also have volatility. When the field inspection results determine that a tube is a nonconforming product, it should not be inferred that the material is defective. The final disposition instructions can only be determined after evaluation in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 18. 3.4.2 Responsibility for Rejection
In some cases, even if the manufacturer inspects the root canal according to GB/T 9711.1 and API Spec. 5L and classifies it as a qualified product of GB/T 971.1 and API Spec. 5L, the tube may fail when inspected using this recommended practice. The acceptance responsibility shall be determined based on the acceptance basis in GB/T 9711.1 and API Spec. 5L or other basis previously agreed with the manufacturer or more binding basis. If there is no evidence, that is, if the material is evaluated and classified as defective according to the provisions of Chapter 18 of the recommended practice, the results of on-site non-destructive testing must not be used as the basis for rejection. If there is a dispute between the party and the manufacturer on the treatment of the problem, it should be resolved in accordance with the provisions of GR/T0711.1-997F4 or API Spec 5L1995 H.4. 4 Inspection entrustment information
4.1 When applying this recommended practice to issue an inspection entrustment for new pipeline pipe: The pipe owner should issue the following entrustment information for each size and type of pipe.
4.1.1 The inspection to be used.
4.1.2 The sampling rate of the inspection.
4.1.3 Relevant standards (when used).
4.1.4 Acceptance basis.
4.1.5 Permissible treatment methods for each type of pipe (see Supporting 2). 4.1.6 Marking instructions,
4.2 According to GB/T9711.1 and API Spec 5L, the application of various methods and steps included in the wood hanging recommended practice refers to the application clauses in Chapter 10 and Chapter 17. Some inspection steps in this recommended practice exceed the scope of the inspection requirements of GB/T9711.1 API 5Jcc 5L.
5 Definitions of common terms for field inspection of new pipelines This recommended practice adopts the following definitions.
5.1 General terms
5.1.1 Inspection authority
An organization that inspects new pipelines using specified methods and criteria: s.1.2 Process capability The ability of a nondestructive inspection method to repeatedly detect a defect under normal variable conditions. Sometimes it is related to confidence. 5.1.3 Calibration
The instrument is adjusted before use according to a known reference, which can often be found in national standards or government epidemiological research institutes.
5.1.4 Grading
The activity of grading the tubes according to the degree of compliance with the test requirements specified in the contract. 5.1.5 Interpretation
The process of determining the nature of an indication,
5.1.6 Evaluation
SY/ T 03161997
The process of determining the severity of defects. Determine the acceptance or rejection of the pipe according to the corresponding specifications. 5.1.7 Disposition
The treatment measures taken for the defects of a new pipeline pipe in accordance with GB/T9711.1 and API Spec 5L. The defects can be removed, repaired by welding, cut off or rejected. For relevant restrictions, see G4 in GB/T9711.1--1997 or 9,7.5.4 in API Spec 5L-1995.
5.1.8 Owner
The entity that owns the new pipeline pipe has the right to specify the type of inspection or test to be performed when signing the inspection contract, and has the right to approve the test results. The owner can be the actual owner. 5.1.9 Purchaser
The entity that purchases the new pipeline pipe to be inspected directly from the manufacturer. The buyer can be the owner, 5.1.10 Defect
is a defect. According to the provisions of the latest version of the applicable standard, the size and nature of the defect meet the requirements for acceptance. 5.1.11 Imperfection
A defect is a discontinuity or irregularity in the product. The exact definition and illustration of specific defects can be found in API Bull5T1, sometimes called scars.
5.1.12 Discontinuity
Irregularities in the pipe, such as folds, cracks, pits and interlayers. It can also be called 5.1.13 Planar imperfection This term refers to an imperfection located on a geometric plane. This plane is usually parallel to the inner and outer surfaces of the tube and is located between the inner and outer surfaces of the tube. 5.1.14 Oblique imperfection An imperfection that is at a certain angle to the longitudinal or lateral directions. 5.1.15 Standard weight standard weight A series of wall thicknesses for pipes of different sizes. It can be abbreviated as STD. 5.1.1G Extra strong A series of wall thicknesses for pipes of different sizes, abbreviated as XS. 5.1.17 Double extra strong A series of wall thicknesses for pipes of different sizes, abbreviated as xXS. 5.1.18 Single length single and double length A term that indicates the length of the pipe. When shipping single-length pipes, the minimum average length of the whole batch of pipes is 5.33m. 5.1.19 Double length doublerardom length A term for pipe length: When shipping double-length pipes, the minimum average length of each batch of pipes ordered is 10.6611. 5.1.20 Probes
Transducers or detection devices.
5.1.21 Search probes
Small coils or wire windings placed on or near the surface of a pipe, used to detect scratches and defects. 5.1.22 Detectors shoe
A device that may carry one or more transducers and is used to protect the transducer from mechanical damage such as the surface of the pipe. 5.1.23 Transducer
A device that converts the state of a pipe into an electrical signal. It includes all ultrasonic probes, detection coils, eddy current probes and other high-density detectors.
5.1.24 Scanner
seannen
A detection device equipped with one or more transducers, used to detect defects in pipes. Usually, the scanner is matched with a magnetizer and becomes a component of the magnetizer.
5.1.25 Scanning speedsurface speed
The speed at which the probe shoe moves on the surface of the pipe. 5.1.26 Calibrationstandardization
SY/T 03161997
The operation of adjusting the instrument to any reference value before use. 5.1.27 Calibration checksandaidizalion checkThe calibration adjustment is checked to ensure correctness. 5.1.28 Reference standardA pipe or pipe section containing one or more reference reflectors, used as a comparison reference or calibration reference for inspection equipment. 5.1.29 Test block
A specially made precision module used as a standard for rapid calibration of test instruments. 5.1.30 indication
a response of a nondestructive test that requires interpretation to determine its meaning, such as a peak signal on a recorder or a magnetic particle accumulation on a tube, the authenticity of which requires analysis.
5.1.31 indicator (or readout) a device that displays status, current or potential. Commonly used test equipment include an ammeter, De Arscnvsl dial or digital meter, cathode ray tube or alarm lamp, etc. 5.1.32 relevant indication an indication caused by a discontinuity in the tube. 5.1.33 faise indication an indication that may be mistakenly interpreted as a defect or flaw. This is an irrelevant indication, sometimes called a false alarm. 5.1.34 log
a record on a bar chart card or digital readout of defects detected by electromagnetic or other electronic test equipment.
5.1.35 reject level (to do evaluated) The value established as a baseline test signal to determine whether a test piece (above or below this reference value) can be rejected or distinguished from other test pieces.
5.1.36 plain-cnd
For line pipe, this term refers to the treatment of each end of the pipe, which can be either flat or beveled, depending on the size and type of pipe or the requirements of the buyer. 5.1.37 tally
The length of a single line pipe (usually measured to an accuracy of 301111), which can record the total length of an order or batch of line pipe. 5.1.38 full hody
This term refers to the inspection range that can be covered within the effective limits of the inspection equipment used. For example, electromagnetic inspection equipment cannot usually cover the length range of 150 to 300 mm at both ends of the pipe. 5.1.39 Toating
Non-metallic layer bonded to the inner or outer surface of the pipe. The outer coating is usually used for corrosion protection, while the inner coating is usually used for corrosion protection or to improve the efficiency of liquid flow. The pipe can be coated with a chemical conversion coating to delay rust during storage and transportation. 5.1.40 Seamless pipe
A weldless rolled steel pipe product, which is made by hot rolling of steel. If necessary, it can be cold worked after hot rolling to achieve the required shape, size and performance.
5.1l.41 Cold expanded pipe cold expanded pipe is a pipe that obtains the final diameter size through internal mechanical or hydraulic expansion methods. 5
5.1.4z Electric-weld pipeSY/ T 0316-1997
A pipe with a longitudinal weld seam, welded by electric resistance welding (ERW) or electric induction welding, and without adding extra metal (filler).5.1.43 Continuous weld pipe (butt weld pipe) Continuous weld pipe A longitudinal weld pipe with a weld seam joined by mechanical pressure. The weld edge is heated to the welding temperature before welding.5.1.44 Welded butt pipe Welded joint is a pipe of standard length formed by welding two pipes together.5.1.45 Spiral weld pipe Spiral weld pipe A pipe with a spiral weld seam, welded by automatic submerged arc welding. The inner and outer weld seams are not less than one.5.1,46 Submerged-arc welded pipe Submerged-arc welled pipe A pipe with a longitudinal weld seam, welded by automatic submerged arc welding. The inner and outer weld seams of the pipe are not less than one. 5.1.47 Double arc welded pipe A pipe with two longitudinal welds, welded by submerged arc welding or gas metal arc welding or both: the positions of the two weld chains are approximately 180" apart.
5.l.48 Gas metal arc welded pipe A pipe with a longitudinal weld formed by continuous gas metal arc welding. The inner and outer welds of the pipe shall be no less than one each. 5.2 Terms for appearance inspection and dimensional inspection
5.2.1 Borescope
A long optical instrument with a lighting lamp, used to inspect the inner surface of the pipe. 5.2.2 Bevel
On plain end pipeline. The processing angle of the pipe end is measured from a straight line perpendicular to the pipe axis (excluding right angles). 5.2.3 Blunt edge 1oot face
On plain-end line pipe (with a beveled end for welding), the blunt edge is the plane perpendicular to the axis of the pipe between the bevel face and the inner surface of the pipe.
5.2.4 Bevel gage
A term for any instrument used to measure the angle of a pipe bevel. An angle gage may be a template type with a fixed angle or an adjustable angle type.
5.2.5 Diallleter tape A measuring device with a thin, flexible metal tape that can be used to measure the diameter of a pipe. The tape has graduations on the surface of the tape that indicate the diameter of the pipe. Diameter tapes are also called circumference tapes. 5.2.6 Precision caliper A measuring device, usually with two legs or jaws, that can be adjusted to determine thickness, true diameter, and distance between two surfaces. The device may be equipped with a vernier scale or a dial gauge.
5.2.7 Precision ruler A straight ruler (usually made of wood or metal) with units of length marked on it and an accuracy of up to 0.25 mn (1/100 in) for measurement.
5.2.8 Ring gauge A hand-held instrument, usually a flat plate with a bore of a specified diameter. This device is used to check the outer diameter of the pipe end:
5.3 Terminology of magnetic particle inspection and electromagnetic inspection
5.3.1 Circular (circumferential) magnetic fieldcircular(circumfercntialmagneticfield) The magnetic field around or inside a current-carrying conductor or a pipe containing a current-carrying rod. 3.3.2 Circular (circumferenlial) magnetizationCircular magnetization is the product of the magnetic field in the pipe wall, and this magnetic field is circumferential. 6-
5.3.3 DC magnetic fieldDC ficld
The measuring magnetic field or exciting magnetic field generated by direct current. SY/ T 03161997
5.3,4 Longitudinal magnetic fieldlongitudinal imnagnetic field refers to the magnetic field whose magnetic lines are basically parallel to the axis of the pipe. 5.3.5 Short-time pulse magnetic fieldshot field
Magnetic field induced by a short pulse of magnetizing current. This magnetic field is usually generated by the discharge of electricity from a battery or capacitor. 5.3.6 Fluorescence
Visible light released by a substance after absorbing ultraviolet radiation. 5.3.7 Dry magnetic powder powderdry
Refers to fully dry magnetic powder. The magnetic powder is sprinkled on the surface of a fully dry pipe and can be blown away without leaving any residue. 5.3.8 Wetting agentwettingagentcnt
A substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid. 5.3.9 Pole piece
The ferromagnetic part of a magnetic circuit that is connected to the magnetic core and is used to determine the shape of the magnetic field and direct the magnetic field through the air gap to the wall of the pipe being inspected. 5.3.10 Coil pulse coilhol
A short pulse magnetizing current passed through a coil around the pipe, used for longitudinal magnetization. 5.3.11 Diffuse indications(magretic powder) 5.3.12 Fuzring
Magnetic powder accumulated or filled at both ends of the longitudinally magnetized tube (i.e. the magnetic poles of the tube). 5.3.13 Magnetic particle indicator magnetic particle indicator1 An instrument containing artificial defects, using a small magnetic field to test the direction of the magnetic field. 5.3,14 Fluorescent magnetic particle inspection fluorescercc magnetic partiele inspection A magnetic particle inspection method. It uses very fine fluorescent ferromagnetic inspection media, which can emit fluorescence after being irradiated and excited by ultraviolet light (wavelength 3200-4000).
5.3.15 Coil method
A method of magnetizing a tube by wrapping it with a current-carrying coil. 5.3.16 Contact method (through-the-center method)
ccntact iellod (current flow mercury scraping) A method of magnetizing a pipe by passing an electric current through the pipe wall with a round rod electrode or a handheld contact. 5.3.17 Residual magnetism method
An inspection method that uses the residual magnetism retained in the magnetized pipe to obtain indications. 5.3,18 Dry method
A magnetic particle inspection method. Dry powdered magnetic particles are used. 5.3.19 Wet method
A magnetic particle inspection method that uses ferromagnetic particles suspended in a liquid for inspection. 5.3.20 Electromagnetic inspection General term: Mainly includes eddy current method and magnetic flux leakage method for detecting defects. On-site electromagnetic "inspection system may include equipment for performing other inspections or operations.
5.3,21 Central conductor (shooting sample)
central conductor (shooting sample) rod) is a conductor that passes through the pipe. The purpose is to produce a circular magnetic field in the pipe, that is, a circumferential magnetic field: this term does not mean that the current-carrying rod must be placed in the center of the pipe
5.3.22 Electrode rod prods
SY/ T 0316-1997
A hand-held electrode connected to a wire that can transmit the magnetizing current from the power supply to the pipe being inspected. 5.3.23 Pulse generator pulser
An electronic device that produces controllable magnetic pulses for calibrating the transducer. 5.3.24 Search coil searchcoil
A small coil or coil winding mounted on the probe shoe. 5.3.25 Flux leakage
Due to the discontinuity of the pipe: the pipe is deformed in the internal magnetic field and leaks into the air, 5.3.26 Leakage magnetic field Jcakagc field
Magnetic field that escapes from the material into the air, caused by the deformation of the magnetic field caused by the discontinuity inside the material. 5.3.27 Eddy current
Circular current generated in the tube body due to the change of magnetic field. 5.3.28 Electrode magnetization method prodmagnetizaton The process of magnetizing the tube by direct contact, that is, using electrodes to pass current through the tube to remove part or all of the existing residual magnetism from the tube. 5.3.29 Demagnetization denagnctization
The process of removing part or all of the existing residual magnetism from the tube. 5.3.3U end effect
Due to the influence of the demagnetization of the magnetic poles at both ends of the tube, the magnetic field strength near the two ends of the magnetized tube is weakened. 5.3.31 Differential wiring differential wiring The circuit connected by coils in opposite directions so that the output of one coil effectively cancels the output of the other coil. In the detection circuit, when the magnetic field changes in each coil are the same, the differential wiring produces voltages of equal magnitude and opposite direction, so there is no net voltage output. 5.4 Gamma-ray wall thickness measurement terminology
5.4.1 Backscatter
The secondary radiation produced by the interaction of the initial gamma rays from the effective radiation source with the tube wall. 5.4.2 Radiography
The process of photographically recording an object: allowing X-rays or radioactive rays to pass through the object and enter the film to produce a photograph. 5.4.3 Licensed material Radioactive source material. Only with a license issued by the relevant department can it be owned, used or transferred. 5.4.4 Penetrameter (radiography) A device used to determine the image quality in radiography. There are many types of penetrameters: from linear to stepped wedge type. However, the most commonly used is the fan-shaped type, which is preferably made of the same material as the test piece, with a thickness that is a fixed percentage of the test piece thickness, and has many small holes with a fixed aperture ratio to the thickness of the penetrameter.
5.4.5 Controlled area controlledarea
is a designated area in which full-time staff are exposed to radioactive materials or radioactive materials under the supervision of radiation protection personnel (meaning that for the sake of radiation protection, access, occupancy and working conditions in this area must be controlled). 5.4.6 Dosimeter
A device for measuring radiation dose. Such as film dosimeter or ionization chamber, 5.4.7 Dose rate dose rate
The ionizing radiation energy absorbed by the irradiated material per unit mass and time. 5.4.8 Ionization chamber ionization chamber An instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. The method is to observe the current generated when the gas in the ionization chamber is ionized by radiation and becomes a conductor:
5.4.9 Film doseifilrlbadg
A film like a badge, worn by some workers in the inspection industry to measure the amount of ionizing radiation. The absorbed dose can be measured by 83 Licensed material Radioactive source material. Possession, use or transfer of a material is subject to a license issued by the relevant department. 5.4.4 Penetrameter (radiography) A device used in radiography to determine the image quality. There are many types of penetrameters: from linear to stepped wedges. However, the fan-shaped type is commonly used. The material is preferably the same as the specimen, with a thickness that is a fixed percentage of the specimen thickness, and many small holes, with the apertures being a fixed ratio to the thickness of the penetrameter.
5.4.5 Controlled area controlledarea
A designated area in which full-time staff are exposed to radioactive materials or radioactive materials under the supervision of radiation protection personnel (for the sake of radiation protection, it is required to implement control over entry, occupation and working conditions in this area). 5.4.6 Dosimeter dosimeter
A device for measuring radiation dose. Such as film dosimeter or ionization chamber, 5.4.7 Dose rate dose rate
The ionizing radiation energy absorbed by the irradiated material per unit mass and time. 5.4.8 Ionization chamber ionization chamber An instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. The method is to observe the current generated after the gas in the ionization chamber is ionized by radiation and becomes a conductor:
5.4.9 Film dose ifilrlbadg
A film like a badge, worn by some workers in the inspection industry to measure the amount of ionizing radiation. The absorbed dose can be measured by 83 Licensed material Radioactive source material. Possession, use or transfer of a material is subject to a license issued by the relevant department. 5.4.4 Penetrameter (radiography) A device used in radiography to determine the image quality. There are many types of penetrameters: from linear to stepped wedges. However, the fan-shaped type is commonly used. The material is preferably the same as the specimen, with a thickness that is a fixed percentage of the specimen thickness, and many small holes, with the apertures being a fixed ratio to the thickness of the penetrameter.
5.4.5 Controlled area controlledarea
A designated area in which full-time staff are exposed to radioactive materials or radioactive materials under the supervision of radiation protection personnel (for the sake of radiation protection, it is required to implement control over entry, occupation and working conditions in this area). 5.4.6 Dosimeter dosimeter
A device for measuring radiation dose. Such as film dosimeter or ionization chamber, 5.4.7 Dose rate dose rate
The ionizing radiation energy absorbed by the irradiated material per unit mass and time. 5.4.8 Ionization chamber ionization chamber An instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. The method is to observe the current generated after the gas in the ionization chamber is ionized by radiation and becomes a conductor:
5.4.9 Film dose ifilrlbadg
A film like a badge, worn by some workers in the inspection industry to measure the amount of ionizing radiation. The absorbed dose can be measured by 8
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