This standard specifies the visual field of the human eye and the visual zone division of signal layout in visual operations. This standard applies to dispatching control centers at all levels, various control rooms, and also to the layout design of the equipment therein. DL/T 575.2-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 2: Visual field and visual zone division DL/T575.2-1999 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the visual field of the human eye and the visual zone division of signal layout in visual operations. This standard applies to dispatching control centers at all levels, various control rooms, and also to the layout design of the equipment therein.

DL/T575.21999
This standard is compiled with reference to the contents of visual field and visual zone division in the domestic and foreign human-machine engineering standardization achievements (see Appendix B). It is a revised version of DL/T575.1-1995.
During the revision of this standard, according to the new IS09335-2, the original Chapter 4 "Division of Visual Zone" was greatly changed, the definitions of "normal sight" and "natural sight" were interchanged, and the definition of "normal sight" was made consistent with the provisions of GJB/T2873-1997 "Human-machine Engineering Design Guidelines for Military Equipment and Facilities", and the corresponding chapter and article numbers were also changed. In addition, some contents related to visual operations were supplemented in Appendix A.
This series of standards DIL/T575 is titled "Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers" and includes 12 sub-standards: DI./T575.1 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 1: Terms and Definitions; DL/T575.2 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers DL/T575.3 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers DL/T575.4 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers DI./T575.5 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers DL/T575.6 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers DL/T575.7 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers DL/575.8 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers DI./T575.9 Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Guidelines Part 2: Field of view and division of viewing area:
Part 3: Division of hand reach and operation area; Part 4: Dimensions of confined space;
Part 5: Design principles of control center;
Part 6: Principles of overall layout of control center; Part 7: Layout of control room;
Part 8: Layout and dimensions of workstations; Part 9: Displays, controllers and interactions; DIL./T575.10 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 10: Principles of environmental requirements;
DL/T575.11 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center DL./T575.12 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are both suggestive appendices. This standard was proposed by the former Ministry of Electric Power Industry of the People's Republic of China. Part 11: Evaluation principles of control room; Part 12: Visual display terminal (VDT) workstation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Power Automation Research Institute of State Power Corporation. The main drafting units of this standard are: Power Automation Research Institute of State Power Corporation, Labor Protection Science Research Institute of State Power Corporation, and China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding. The main drafters of this standard are: Tong Shizhong, Li Zhiguang, Zhang Mingxu, Ma Changshan, Zhang Jinhua, Hua Donghong, and Liu Wei 1234
1 Scope
Electric Power Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centres
Part 2: Visual fields and zones of field of vision
Ergonomic principles for the design of control centresPart 2:Visual fields and zones of field of vision This standard specifies the scope of human eye's visual field and the division of visual zones for signal arrangement in visual work. DL/T 575.2
Replaces 1T573.11993
This standard is applicable to dispatching control centres at all levels, various control rooms, and also to the layout design of the equipment therein. 2 Referenced standards
The clauses contained in the following standards constitute the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards DI./T575.1-1999 Control center ergonomic design guidelines Part 1: Terms and definitions 3 Definitions
The definitions adopted in this standard are shown in DL/T 575.1-1999. 4 Line of sight
The line between the sharpest focus point in the eye (center of the macula) and the fixation point. Two commonly used typical lines of sight are shown in Figure 2. The characteristics and applications of these lines of sight are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Characteristics and applications of several lines of sight
Head axis
Line of sight name
Horizontal line of sight
Normal line of sight
Natural line of sight
Line of sight for sitting operationbzxz.net
Relaxed standing
Relaxed sitting
Forward tilt angle
Downward tilt angle of sight relative to horizontal
Effective relaxation part
Eyes, head
Eyes, head, back
Application examples
Vertical reference line of sight
Common line of sight for sitting and standing observation
Common line of sight for sitting control console, sitting reading, standing operation Common line of sight for sitting operation
Note: If the downward tilt angle of sight when the eyes are in a relaxed state is 8 (0-15°), then there is 3α+0, that is, when the eyes are in a relaxed state, the relaxation of the head and back leads to an increase in the downward tilt angle of sight.
4.1 Horizontal line of sight
The line of sight when the head is kept vertical and the eyes are looking straight ahead, see Figure 1. The horizontal line of sight is the basic line of sight in the sagittal plane of the human body, see Figure 2 (a). In the horizontal line of sight state, the head and eyes are both in a relatively tense state.
4.2 Normal line of sight
Approved by the State Economic and Trade Commission of the People's Republic of China on February 24, 2000, and implemented on July 1, 2000
DL/T575.21999
The line of sight when the head is kept vertical and the eyes are in a relaxed state, see Figure 2 (b). The normal line of sight is about 15° (i.e. 15°) below the horizontal line of sight: 4.3 Natural line of sight
The line of sight when the head and eyes are both in a relaxed state, see Figure 2 (c). The natural line of sight is about 30° (i.e. -30°) below the horizontal line of sight. 4.4 Sight line of sight in sitting position
Sight line when the eyes, head and back are all in a relaxed state during sitting position operation, see Figure 2 (d), the sight line of sight in sitting position operation is about 40 (i.e. -40°) below the horizontal sight line t
Figure 1 Horizontal sight line
(a) Horizontal sight line: (b) Normal sight line: (c) Natural sight line: (t) Standing sight line The sight lines shown in Figures (a), (b) and (c) are in the standing position state. It is also applicable to the sitting position Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of several typical commonly used sight lines
5 Field of vision
All spatial ranges within the horizontal and vertical planes that can be perceived by the human eye under specified conditions of the head and eyes. 5.1 Direct field of vision
When the head and eyes are still. All spatial ranges within the horizontal and vertical planes that can be perceived by the human eye can be divided into monocular and binocular direct vision. The direct field of vision range is as follows:
a) Direct field of vision of the left eye, right eye and both eyes under light stimulation, see Figure 3.
b) Direct visual field of both eyes (natural visual state), see Figure 4.
5.2 Eye movement visual field
When the head is kept in a fixed position and the eyes move to focus on the target, all the spatial ranges in the horizontal and vertical planes that can be perceived in sequence can be divided into monocular and binocular eye movement visual fields.
90/80170605040/30121
Figure 3 Direct visual field of the left eye, right eye and both eyes under light stimulation
DL/T 575.2--1999
(a) Optimal horizontal direct visual field: (h) Optimal vertical direct visual field; (c) Maximum horizontal direct visual field: (d) Maximum vertical direct visual field Figure 4 Direct visual field (binocular)
In fact, the eye movement visual field is the range of the fixation point that can be observed by rotating the eyeball in the above posture, superimposed with the corresponding direct visual field centered on the fixation point to form the range of observation space,
The eye movement visual field of both eyes (natural line of sight state), see Figure 5. 0°
(a) Optimal horizontal-eye movement visual field; (b) Optimal vertical eye movement visual field; (c) Maximum horizontal eye movement visual field; (d) Maximum vertical eye movement visual field Figure 5 Eye movement visual field (binocular)
5.3 Observation visual field
DL/T 575.2—1999
When the body remains in a fixed position and the head and eyes turn to look at the target, the whole space range in the horizontal and vertical planes can be perceived in turn, which can be divided into the single-eye and binocular observation fields. In fact, the observation field is the range of the gaze point that can be observed in the above posture, and the corresponding indirect field of view centered on the gaze point is superimposed to form the spatial range.
The observation field of binoculars is shown in Figure 6,
(a) The best horizontal observation field; (b) The best vertical observation field; (c) The maximum horizontal observation field; (d) The best vertical observation field Figure 6 Observation field (binocular)
5.4 Color vision field
Human eye's vision of different colors.
Human eye's color vision field is as follows,
a) Right eye's color vision field, see Figure 7) Both eyes' color vision field (natural vision state), see Figure 8.
C) Both eyes' color vision field (natural vision state), see Figure 9,
i) Both eyes' color vision field, see Figure 10. /Yellow
Figure 7 Right's color vision field
101121
6 Visual zone division
32° Green
36° Red
47° Blue/yellow
DL/T 575. 2 ---1999
blue/yellow
(a) Maximum horizontal color vision direct visual field (b) Maximum vertical color vision direct visual field Figure 8 Color vision direct visual field (binocular vision)
347° Green
+51° Red
62° Blue/yellow
Blue/yellow
(a) Maximum horizontal color vision eye movement visual field: (b) Maximum vertical color vision eye movement visual field Figure 9 Color vision eye movement visual field (binocular vision) (for both eyes)
blue/yellow
blue/yellow
green
-90-—89°
(a) Maximum horizontal color vision observation field, (b) Maximum vertical color vision observation field Figure 10 Color vision observation field (for both eyes) 6.1 Types of visual work and visual areas
6.1.7 Types of visual work
There are many different types of visual work:
DL/T 575. 2—1999
a) Detection work: The operator actively looks for and observes signals, such as various operating condition signals b) Monitoring work: The operator receives signals that require attention. For example, early warning and alarm signals, various signals that require operator vigilance.
6.1.2 Division of visual zones
Based on the usage function, when the head is still and the eyes are in normal activity, the visual zones can be divided into three zones according to the quality of the human eye's perception of visual signals: good visual zone (A), effective visual zone (B), and conditional visual zone (C). See Figures 11 and 12. 6.2 Division of visual zones for perceptual tasks
The division of visual zones for perceptual tasks is shown in Figure 11. In the figure, S is the line of sight of the fixation point (required by visual work). 6.3 Division of visual zones for monitoring work
Division of visual zones for monitoring work, as shown in Figure 12, where Sv is the normal line of sight C30
B-15°
(a) Vertical direction observation visual zone; (b) Horizontal direction observation visual zone Figure 11 Observation work
Division of color vision (perception) visual zone
(a) Vertical direction monitoring visual zone; (b) Horizontal direction monitoring visual zone Figure 12
Monitoring work
The sensitive range of human vision to different colors is smaller than the sensitive range to natural light. The division of color vision (perception) visual zone is shown in Figure 13. 6.5 Arrangement of visual signals
Visual signals should generally be arranged in area A as much as possible. When there are more signals, they should be expanded from area 2 to area 3 in sequence (according to the principles listed in Appendix A5). Suggestions for the arrangement of visual signals are shown in Table 2. White
Area A: Good vision area
Area B: Effective vision area
Area C: Conditional vision area
Normal vision
(a) Vertical direction; (b) Horizontal direction
Figure 13 Division of color vision area
Table 2 Suggestions for visual signal layout
Appropriate signals
The most important or frequently observed display signal. This is the priority layout area of ​​the signal. Infrequently observed or secondary signals
Only used in the case of last resort, some signals that are not directly related to safety A1 Perception of visual signals
DL/T575.2 -- 7999
Appendix A
(Suggestive appendix)
Factors affecting visual work
Human perception of visual signals is the process of human body's perception, transmission and processing of signals, and even the perception, recognition and interpretation of the overall understanding. All kinds of visual signals should be easy to perceive. Visual signals can be divided into the following levels according to the degree of perception: a) Perception: The operator discovers the existence of the signal. b) Recognition: The operator distinguishes the perceived signal. c) Interpretation (or decoding): The operator understands the meaning of the recognized signal A2 The relationship between fixation point, line of sight, and visual field (or visual zone) A2.1 The fixation point refers to the target to be observed. The direct visual field, eye movement visual field and visual zone division are all centered on these observation targets (fixation points). There may be several main observation targets on the display screen of a console or a control room. When determining the fixation point, the corresponding visual field or visual zone range should be considered. For example, the main visual signal (main observation day mark) should be placed at the center of the relevant visual signal. A2.2 Within the visual field, the visual signal is clear only in a very narrow range around the fixation point. As the distance from the fixation point increases, the perception effect of the visual signal gradually weakens. If the visual acuity (visual acuity) of the image at the fixation point is 1.0, it may be only 0.5 at a distance of 2.5° from the fixation point. At the edge of the visual field, people can only vaguely perceive whether there is a signal, but cannot identify it. A2.3 In this standard, the line of sight is the center line of the horizontal and vertical visual field (direct visual field, eye movement visual field) or visual area (good visual area, effective visual area). If these visual fields or visual areas are approximately regarded as cones with the line of sight as the center line, the cone will move to where the line of sight moves. Figures 12 and 13 show the visual area range under normal visual state; Figures 1, 5, 8 and 9 show the visual field range under natural visual state; and the visual field range shown in Figures 3, 7 and 11 is applicable to any visual state. The visual state of video screen operation can be 0° to -20°.
A2.4 Line of sight and visual field (or visual zone) are also related to sitting posture. Their relationship with two typical sitting postures is as follows:
a) Upright sitting posture: a sitting posture with a straight trunk line and a hip angle of 85°-90° (see Figure 8.1). Its state is close to the posture when working and studying while sitting. The parameters provided in the main text of this standard are all based on the upright sitting posture.
b) Forward-leaning sitting posture: a sitting posture with a forward-leaning trunk line and a hip angle of less than 85°. This forward-leaning sitting posture will temporarily appear when using hands to operate controls far ahead (outside the reach of hand functions) or to conduct precise monitoring. The forward-leaning sitting posture has no significant effect on the visual field and visual area:
c) Backward-leaning sitting posture: The front line is tilted backward, and the hip angle is 100°~105° (see Figure 1). It is consistent with the sitting posture taken when the body is in a relaxed state to observe the surrounding objects. When the relative position of the head and the body remains unchanged, when the upright sitting posture is changed to the backward-leaning sitting posture, the line of sight rotates upward, and the observed visual field (or visual area) range also moves upward with the line of sight (see A2.5 in D1./T 575.8).
Figure A1 Upright and tilted postures
Note: The position of the display signal on the neutral screen in the control room is mostly higher than the horizontal line of sight, and the backward-leaning sitting posture is often used for monitoring; in the work of the workbench, people often use intermittent backward-leaning sitting posture to improve the fatigue caused by long-term upright sitting posture. 4
A3 Relationship between visual field and visual zone
A3.1 Visual field
DL/T 575. 2-1999
Visual field (including direct visual field, eye movement visual field, and observation visual field) is the spatial range of signals that the human eye can perceive, reflecting the visual physiological function of human beings. Direct visual field is the spatial range that the eyeball itself can directly perceive signals; eye movement visual field is the basic way for people to observe things; only when they have to, they can turn their heads to observe things, and the spatial range that can perceive signals at this time is the observation visual field. Direct visual field is the basis of visual field; eye movement visual field and observation visual field are the spatial range that can be observed after the direct visual field is superimposed on the eyeball and head rotation. A3.2 Visual zone
Visual zone (good visual zone, effective visual zone, conditional visual zone) is a division of the visual signal arrangement area (position) within the eye movement visual field based on the degree of easy perception of visual signals. In the design of visual display systems, the data of visual zone division should be used as the main basis for arranging visual signals, supplemented by the data of direct visual field and observation visual field for comprehensive application. For visual signals mainly based on color recognition, color visual zone or color visual field should be used.
A3.3 Factors affecting direct visual field
a) Maximum direct visual field range of light stimulation (see Figure 3 and Figure 4). Applicable to situations with sufficient luminous intensity (greater than 60cd/m2), sufficiently large images (viewing angle exceeding 20°) and high contrast (for example, the feeling of a small incandescent lamp). b) Color direct visual field range (see Figure 7 and Figure 8).It is measured based on an object with a luminous intensity of 30cd/m2 and a size of 25 (angle of view).
c) The clarity of a luminous object in the field of view depends on the characteristics of the luminous object (size, luminous intensity, color and instantaneous characteristics, such as flash) and the environmental characteristics of the luminous object (average brightness of the direct visual field, changes in the background of the luminous object in time and space, such as glare). d) Adverse environmental factors (such as vibration) and individual factors (such as fatigue and decreased alertness) will affect the range of direct visual field. e) There are individual differences in the spatial range of visual field. A4 Other visual factors in work
A4.1 Visual acuity (visual acuity)
Visual acuity is a physiological measure that characterizes the ability of the human eye to recognize the details of an object. It is defined as the reciprocal of the critical angle of view: Visual acuity Critical angle of view
In practical terms, it refers to the ability to recognize two very close points. If the two points are in a critical state of just being able to recognize or not being able to recognize, the angle formed by the line connecting the two points and the human eye is the critical angle of view, and its reciprocal is equal to visual acuity. According to the regulations of the International Ophthalmology Association, the visual acuity chart with the Landauer ring (black ring at the bottom of the eye) is used for measurement. It is stipulated that when an opening of 1 can be distinguished at a viewing distance of 5m, the visual acuity is 1.0 (see Figure A2). Generally, the reciprocal of the visual angle (minutes) of the opening on the Landauer ring that can be just recognized is used as the visual acuity. For example, the visual acuity shown in Figure A2 is 1.0. If a sight mark twice as large as this can be just recognized, the visual acuity is 0.5. The visual acuity of the human eye can also be measured in the direction of the opening of the letter "E". FFELF
A4.2 Visual Angle
Figure A2 Landauer ring sight mark
The angle formed by the recognition object to the observation point is shown in Figure A3. The minimum recognition angle of the palm symbol is 15'～18, and the recommended recognition angle is 18°～22'. A4.3 Viewing distance
DL/T 575.2—1999
The distance or distance range between the recognition object and the operator's eyes, as shown in Figure A3, d. The viewing distance that can correctly recognize the observed object is called the recognition viewing distance. In fact, the determining condition for whether the observed object can be correctly recognized is the viewing angle. When the observation distance increases, the size of the corresponding characters should be increased.
The minimum design viewing distance is 300mm~500mm, depending on the observed object. A4.4 Angle of incidence
The angle between the line of sight and the normal line of the display screen surface (0), as shown in Figure A4. The human angle of incidence should not be greater than 40°Normal
d-visual distance; a-angle of view; h-character height
W---character width; S-character stroke width
Figure A3 Visual identification elements of characters
A5 Principles of visual signal layout
Display screen
Figure A4 Human angle of incidence
A5.1 Suggestions on visual signal layout are given in Article 6.5. The most frequently observed and (or) most important signals should have high priority and be arranged in the area closest to the operator's normal line of sight (if this is the main line of sight for monitoring operations); signals with lower priority can be gradually arranged toward the periphery. The significance of placing visual signals in good visual areas and effective visual areas is that the operator can be permanently in an environment where he can perceive the signals, or be placed in a position where he can receive the signals. A5.2 Visual signals should generally not be arranged outside the effective visual area. If there are many visual signals, visual signals that are rarely observed, secondary, auxiliary, and do not affect safety can be placed in the conditional visual area. At this time, it is necessary to observe with the help of the rotation of the head. The spatial range should generally be within the best observation field of view and not exceed the maximum observation field of view. A5.3 For visual signals that need to be observed in a larger spatial range, it is advisable to use a swivel chair that can change the observation direction. At this time, the line of sight moves with the rotation direction, and its maximum observation range is the human body rotation angle superimposed on the maximum observation field of view. A5.4 Early warning signals and alarm signals should generally be set in a good visual area or an effective visual area. In order to make the early warning and alarm signals attract people's attention in time, some auxiliary means can be taken. For example, a flashing display or an audio-visual combined alarm display can be used. Note: In the power system control room, the light-emitting signs used for alarms are sometimes concentrated in a certain area of ​​the simulation screen (for example, the upper part). A5.5 The layout of visual signals should be divided into several groups, so that each group forms a functional focus point (area) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of recognition. The grouping method should be consistent with the user's way of thinking. The principles for combining area groups are: a) according to the functions in the system; b) according to the logical relationship of use; c) according to the primary and secondary functional divisions; d) according to the frequency of use; e) according to the function of the display itself. A5.6 Considering the principle of the shortest route, displays that are more interconnected should be arranged close to each other so that the relevant parts can be seen clearly in the direct field of vision as much as possible. A5.7 The display should be arranged so that the head and eyes can be seen when the head and eyes are relaxed as much as possible, so as to avoid the head and eyes being in a relatively tense state for a long time. Some auxiliary means are allowed, such as providing some conditions that are easy to change postures. A6 Explanation of various parameter values ​​The parameters of various sight lines, fields of view and viewing areas specified in this standard are only measured statistical values, not strict numerical definitions. For example, the natural visual line is specified as a downward tilt angle of 30° in this standard, but in application, 25° to 35° (i.e. 30° + 5°) can be regarded as the range of natural visual line. Similarly, it is not appropriate to make the division values ​​of good visual area and effective visual area absolute. Appendix B (Suggestive Appendix) Main references DIN 334141 (1985) Ergonomic design of control room, terminology, definitions, principles, dimensions of sitting workbench [2] IS 9355-2 (1997) Ergonomic requirements for signal and controller design Display _37 GB/T 12984---91 Human.T Basic terms of visual information operation 4 GJB 2873-97 (e qvMILSTD-1472D, 1989) Human-machine engineering design criteria for military equipment and facilities 5 (I3/T13630-92 (eqIFC964, 1989) Design of control room of nuclear power plant [67H Illumination Society, "Lighting Volume", China Building Industry Press, 198517 Cao Qi, chief editor, "Human-machine Engineering", Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 19918] Zhu Zuxiang, chief editor, "Ergonomics", Zhejiang Education Press, 199412144 Human angle of incidence
The angle between the line of sight and the normal line of the display screen surface (0), as shown in Figure A4. Human angle of incidence should not be greater than 40°Normal
d-viewing distance; a-angle of view; h-character height
W---character width; S-character stroke width
Figure A3 Visual recognition elements of characters
A5 Principles of visual signal layout
Display screen
Figure A4 Human angle of incidence
A5.1 Recommendations on visual signal layout are given in Article 6.5. The most frequently observed and (or) most important signals should have a high priority and be arranged in the area closest to the operator's normal line of sight (if this is the main line of sight for monitoring operations); signals with lower priorities can be gradually arranged toward the periphery. The significance of placing visual signals in good viewing areas and effective viewing areas is that the operator can be permanently in an environment where he can perceive the signal, or be placed in a position where he can receive the signal. A5.2 It is generally not advisable to arrange visual signals outside the effective visual area. If there are many visual signals, visual signals that are rarely observed, secondary, auxiliary, and do not affect safety can be set in the conditional visual area. At this time, it is necessary to observe with the help of the rotation of the head. The spatial range should generally be within the best observation field of view and not exceed the maximum observation field of view. A5.3 For visual signals that need to be observed in a larger spatial range, it is advisable to use a swivel chair that can change the observation direction. At this time, the line of sight moves with the rotation direction, and the maximum observation range is the human body rotation angle superimposed on the maximum observation field of view. A5.4 Early warning signals and alarm signals should generally be set in a good visual area or an effective visual area. In order to make the early warning and alarm signals attract people's attention in time, some auxiliary means can be taken. For example, a flashing display or an audio-visual combined alarm display can be used. Note: In the power system control room, the light-emitting signs used for alarm are sometimes concentrated in a certain area of ​​the simulation screen (for example, the upper part). A5.5 The layout of visual signals should be divided into several groups, so that each group forms a functional focus point (area) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of recognition. The grouping method should be consistent with the user's way of thinking. The principles of grouping are: a) according to the functions in the system; b) according to the logical relationship of use; c) according to the primary and secondary functional divisions; d) according to the frequency of use; e) according to the function of the display itself. A5.6 Considering the principle of the shortest route, the displays that are more interconnected should be arranged close to each other so that the relevant parts can be seen clearly in the direct field of vision as much as possible. A5.7 The display should be arranged so that the head and eyes can be seen when the head and eyes are relaxed as much as possible, so as to avoid the head and eyes being in a relatively tense state for a long time. Some auxiliary means are allowed, such as providing some conditions that are easy to change postures. A6 Explanation of various parameter values ​​The parameters of various sight lines, visual fields and visual areas specified in this standard are only measured statistical values, not strict numerical definitions. For example, the natural visual line is specified as a downward tilt angle of 30° in this standard, but in application, 25° to 35° (i.e. 30° + 5°) can be regarded as the range of natural visual line. Similarly, it is not appropriate to make the division values ​​of good visual area and effective visual area absolute. Appendix B (Suggestive Appendix) Main references DIN 334141 (1985) Ergonomic design of control room, terminology, definitions, principles, dimensions of sitting workbench [2] IS 9355-2 (1997) Ergonomic requirements for signal and controller design Display _37 GB/T 12984---91 Human.T Basic terms of visual information operation 4 GJB 2873-97 (e qvMILSTD-1472D, 1989) Human-machine engineering design criteria for military equipment and facilities 5 (I3/T13630-92 (eqIFC964, 1989) Design of control room of nuclear power plant [67H Illumination Society, "Lighting Volume", China Building Industry Press, 198517 Cao Qi, chief editor, "Human-machine Engineering", Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 19918] Zhu Zuxiang, chief editor, "Ergonomics", Zhejiang Education Press, 199412144 Human angle of incidence
The angle between the line of sight and the normal line of the display screen surface (0), as shown in Figure A4. Human angle of incidence should not be greater than 40°Normal
d-viewing distance; a-angle of view; h-character height
W---character width; S-character stroke width
Figure A3 Visual recognition elements of characters
A5 Principles of visual signal layout
Display screen
Figure A4 Human angle of incidence
A5.1 Recommendations on visual signal layout are given in Article 6.5. The most frequently observed and (or) most important signals should have a high priority and be arranged in the area closest to the operator's normal line of sight (if this is the main line of sight for monitoring operations); signals with lower priorities can be gradually arranged toward the periphery. The significance of placing visual signals in good viewing areas and effective viewing areas is that the operator can be permanently in an environment where he can perceive the signal, or be placed in a position where he can receive the signal. A5.2 It is generally not advisable to arrange visual signals outside the effective visual area. If there are many visual signals, visual signals that are rarely observed, secondary, auxiliary, and do not affect safety can be set in the conditional visual area. At this time, it is necessary to observe with the help of the rotation of the head. The spatial range should generally be within the best observation field of view and not exceed the maximum observation field of view. A5.3 For visual signals that need to be observed in a larger spatial range, it is advisable to use a swivel chair that can change the observation direction. At this time, the line of sight moves with the rotation direction, and the maximum observation range is the human body rotation angle superimposed on the maximum observation field of view. A5.4 Early warning signals and alarm signals should generally be set in a good visual area or an effective visual area. In order to make the early warning and alarm signals attract people's attention in time, some auxiliary means can be taken. For example, a flashing display or an audio-visual combined alarm display can be used. Note: In the power system control room, the light-emitting signs used for alarm are sometimes concentrated in a certain area of ​​the simulation screen (for example, the upper part). A5.5 The layout of visual signals should be divided into several groups, so that each group forms a functional focus point (area) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of recognition. The grouping method should be consistent with the user's way of thinking. The principles of grouping are: a) according to the functions in the system; b) according to the logical relationship of use; c) according to the primary and secondary functional divisions; d) according to the frequency of use; e) according to the function of the display itself. A5.6 Considering the principle of the shortest route, the displays that are more interconnected should be arranged close to each other so that the relevant parts can be seen clearly in the direct field of vision as much as possible. A5.7 The display should be arranged so that the head and eyes can be seen when the head and eyes are relaxed as much as possible, so as to avoid the head and eyes being in a relatively tense state for a long time. Some auxiliary means are allowed, such as providing some conditions that are easy to change postures. A6 Explanation of various parameter values ​​The parameters of various sight lines, visual fields and visual areas specified in this standard are only measured statistical values, not strict numerical definitions. For example, the natural visual line is specified as a downward tilt angle of 30° in this standard, but in application, 25° to 35° (i.e. 30° + 5°) can be regarded as the range of natural visual line. Similarly, it is not appropriate to make the division values ​​of good visual area and effective visual area absolute. Appendix B (Suggestive Appendix) Main references DIN 334141 (1985) Ergonomic design of control room, terminology, definitions, principles, dimensions of sitting workbench [2] IS 9355-2 (1997) Ergonomic requirements for signal and controller design Display _37 GB/T 12984---91 Human.T Basic terms of visual information operation 4 GJB 2873-97 (e qvMILSTD-1472D, 1989) Human-machine engineering design criteria for military equipment and facilities 5 (I3/T13630-92 (eqIFC964, 1989) Design of control room of nuclear power plant [67H Illumination Society, "Lighting Volume", China Building Industry Press, 198517 Cao Qi, chief editor, "Human-machine Engineering", Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 19918] Zhu Zuxiang, chief editor, "Ergonomics", Zhejiang Education Press, 19941214
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