GBJ 125-1989 Basic terminology standard for water supply and drainage design
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Standard for Basic Terminology of Water Supply and Drainage Design
GBJ125-89
Editor: Shanghai Construction Committee
Approval Department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China Effective Date: October 1, 1989
5-6-1
Notice on the Issuance of the National Standard "Standard for Basic Terminology of Water Supply and Drainage Design"
(89) Jianbiaozi No. 63
Based on the requirements of the original National Construction Committee (82) Jianshezi No. 20 and the State Planning Commission's [1984] No. 305, the "Standard for Basic Terminology of Water Supply and Drainage Design" compiled by the Shanghai Construction Committee and relevant departments has been reviewed by relevant departments and is now approved as a national standard with the number: GRJ125-89, which will be implemented on October 1, 1989.
This standard is managed by the Shanghai Construction Committee, and its specific interpretation is the responsibility of the Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute. The publication and distribution is the responsibility of China Architecture & Building Press.
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
February 16, 1989
Preparation Instructions
This standard was prepared by Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute together with relevant units in accordance with the requirements of the former State Construction Commission (82) Construction No. 20 and the State Planning Commission's [1984] No. 305. During the preparation process, opinions were widely solicited in various ways from relevant professional circles across the country, and several supplements, revisions and deletions were made according to the opinions raised by various parties. Finally, our committee and relevant departments reviewed and finalized the draft.
The terms included in this standard are basically the commonly used terms in the water supply and drainage profession that appear in the seven national standards for water supply and drainage professional design specifications. These seven national standards are: Outdoor Water Supply Design Specification, Industrial Water Softening and Desalination Design Specification, Industrial Circulating Water Cooling Design Specification, Industrial Circulating Cooling Water Treatment Design Specification, Outdoor Drainage Design Specification, Electroplating Drainage Design Specification and Building Water Supply and Drainage Design Specification. This standard is divided into nine chapters, including general toilets, general terms, outdoor water supply terms, industrial water softening and desalination terms, industrial circulating water cooling terms, industrial circulating cooling water treatment terms, outdoor drainage terms, electroplating drainage terms and building water supply and drainage terms. This standard strives to make the terms scientifically reflect their essential characteristics and be generally accepted by the public. The definitions of this term are as modern as possible to illustrate the main meaning of the terms in the scope of water supply and drainage. The English terms corresponding to the terms are recommended for use. In the field of water supply and drainage, it is the first time to compile such a national standard. Due to lack of experience, it is inevitable that there are deficiencies. During the implementation of this standard, please send relevant questions and opinions to Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (No. 3 Guokang Road, Shanghai) at any time for reference in future revisions.
Shanghai Construction Committee
November 1988
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
General terms
Outdoor water supply terms
5-6-4
Terms for softening and desalting industrial water.··5-6-7Terms for industrial circulating water cooling
Terms for industrial circulating cooling water
Treatment terms
.... 5-6-8
5--6—9
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Outdoor drainage terms
Terms for electroplating drainage
·5-6-10
5-6—13
....... 56-13
Terms for building water supply and drainage
Appendix Explanation of terms used in this standard
Additional notes: The main editing unit,
participating units and main
5—6—15
List of drafters
.... 56-15
Chapter 1 General Provisions
Article 1.0.1 This standard is formulated in order to reasonably unify the basic terminology of water supply and drainage engineering design in my country and to facilitate scientific and technological cooperation, exchange and development in this field.
This standard applies to the design of water supply and drainage engineering and its related fields. Article 1.0, 2
Chapter II General Terms
Article 2.1, 1 The general terms and general meanings of water supply and drainage engineering shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Water supply engineering
water supply engincening
Engineering for collecting and treating raw water and distributing finished water, 2. Drainage engineering
sewerage, wastewater engineeringEngineering for collecting, conveying, treating and disposing of wastewater. 3. Water supply system
water supply system
The overall combination of water supply facilities such as water intake, water conveyance, water quality treatment and water distribution in a certain way.
4. Sewerage system
Sewerage system
The collection, transportation, treatment and discharge of drainage are combined in a certain way.
5. Water source
Water source
Water source: The source water used in the process. 6. Raw water
Rawwater
Raw water taken from the water source.
7. Surface water
Surface water
Water existing on the surface of the earth's crust and exploding in the atmosphere. 8. Groundwater
Graund water
Water existing in the cracks of the earth's crust or in the air of the soil. 9. Brackish water, alkaline waterWater with alkalinity greater than hardness and containing a large amount of neutral salts, with a pH value greater than 7. 10. Fresh ice water
Fresh water
Water with a salt content of less than 500mg/L,
11.Cooling water
cooling water
Water used to reduce the temperature of the object being cooled,
12.Wastewater
wastewater
The general term for water discharged during residents' activities and runoff rainwater. It includes domestic sewage, industrial water, initial rain runoff and other water flowing into the sewer pipe. sewage, wastewater
13.Sewage
Water discharged from production and production with a certain degree of pollution, 14.Water consumption
water consumption
The amount of water actually used by the water user.
15.Water supply
output
The amount of water provided to water users,
16.Wastewater flow
wastewater flow, sewage flowThe amount of water discharged into the sewage system by the drainage object, 17.Water consumption norm
water consumption norm
For different water users, a relatively reasonable unit water consumption value is formulated within a certain period.
18.Drainage quota
wastewater flow norm
For different drainage objects, a relatively reasonable unit drainage value is formulated within a certain period.
19.Water quality
water quality
In water supply and drainage projects, the physical, chemical, biological and other properties of water5-6-4
20.Channel
channel, condnit
A water channel that is artificially excavated, regulated or built. 21. Main pipe
Main pipeline for conveying water,
22. Pumping station
Pumping house
House where water pump units, electrical equipment, pipelines, gate valves, etc. are installed, 23. Pumping station
Pumping station
General term for pump house and its supporting facilities.
24. Water treatment
Water treatment
The process of improving the water quality of water that does not meet the water quality requirements of the water user. 25. Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment, wastewater treatment The process of purifying sewage to make it meet the water quality requirements for discharge into a certain water body or reuse,
26.Wastewater disposal
wastewater disposal
General final arrangement for wastewater. Generally, wastewater is discharged into surface water bodies, discharged to land, and reused.
bar sereen
27.bar sereen
A bar-shaped pollution-blocking device used to intercept larger floating objects or other debris in the water.
28.aeration
aeration
The process of contacting water with air to dissolve oxygen or disperse dissolved gases and volatile substances in the water.
29.sedimentation
The process of removing debris from water by gravity settling. 30.clarification
clarification
The process of removing debris from water by contact with a high-concentration sediment layer. 31.Filtration
Filtration
The process of removing impurities from water with the help of granular materials or porous media. ion exchange
32.Ion exchange
The process of removing certain salt ions from water using ion exchangers. 33.Disinfection
disinfection
The process of eliminating pathogens by physical, chemical or biological methods. 34.Chlorination
The process of adding chlorine or chlorine oxides to water to achieve the purpose of oxidation and disinfection. 35.Residual chlorine
The sum of free and bound fluorine remaining in water after a certain period of contact.
36.,Free residual fluorine
free residual chlorine
Residual ammonia in water in the form of hypochlorite and hypochlorite. 37.Combined residual
combinative residual chlorineResidual nitrogen in water in the form of diamine and monochloramine. 38.Sludge
sludge
Mixture of solids and water or colloids produced during water treatment and deposited in drainage pipes.
39.Sludge disposal
sludge tneatment
The process of thickening, adjusting, dehydrating, stabilizing, drying or burning sludge.
40.,Sludge disposal
The final arrangement of sludge. Generally, sludge is used as fertilizer, building materials, landfill and dumping, etc.
41.Head loss
Energy consumption caused by water flowing through pipes and structures. 42.Storage tank
Head loss
Energy consumption caused by water flowing through pipes and structures. Storage reservoir, storage tank A water structure designed for a certain purpose. 43.River crossing
River crossing
A pipeline crossing a river. A pipeline crossing a river can be overhead or can be placed under the riverbed.
44. Inverted siphon
Inverted siphon
A type of inverted siphon used when a pipeline is lost in a river, railway or other obstacle and cannot be buried at the original elevation, but bypasses the obstacle. 45. Stabilization
stabilization
(1) In water treatment systems, it refers to the biological or chemical process of converting degradable organic matter (dissolved or suspended) into inorganic matter or non-degradable substances. (2) In cooling water systems, it refers to the process in which the concentrations of calcium carbonate and carbon dioxide in water reach a state of equilibrium, without scaling due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate or corrosion due to its dissolution.
46. Density current
Relative movement of two or more fluid layers of different densities. Third Bag Outdoor Water Supply Terminology
Article 3.0.1 The terms and their origins in the water supply project regarding systems and water quantities shall comply with the following provisions
1. Once-through system
A water supply system in which water is discharged immediately after one use or discharged after treatment. 2. Water reuse system
Water reuse system
A water supply system in which water is discharged after reuse or discharged after treatment. 3. Recirculation system
Recirculation system
A water supply system in which water is recycled after use without being discharged or recycled after treatment. 4. Domestic water
Domestic water
Water required for human daily life.
5. Process water
Process water
Water required for the production process.
6. Fire demand
fire demand
Water required to put out fires.
7. Street flushing demand, road wateringWater required for the maintenance, cleaning, cooling and dust removal of urban roads. 8. Green beit sprinkling. Green plot sprinklingWater required for municipal green lands, etc.
9. Unforeseen demand
unforeseen demand
Water volume prepared for various factors that are difficult to predict in the design of water supply systems. 10. Self-use water consumption
water conisumption in water-worksWater volume required for the production process within the water plant and for other purposes. 11. Leakage The amount of water lost during the distribution process. 12. Average daily output The value obtained by dividing the total water supply in a year by the number of days of water supply in a year. 13. Maximum daily output The maximum daily output - the maximum water supply on a single day in a year. 14. Daily variation coefficient The ratio of the maximum daily water supply to the average daily water supply. 15. Hourly variation coefficient The ratio of the maximum daily hourly water supply to the average hourly water supply on that day. 16. Minimum service head The minimum head that the distribution network should maintain at the user's connection point. Article 3.0.2 The terms and general meanings of water intake structures in water supply projects shall comply with the following provisions:
deep well, drilled well
A well where the well pipe is drilled from the ground to the aquifer to extract groundwater. 2. Tube well water filter
deep well screen
A pipe section with gaps or pores set below the dynamic water level of the pipe well to collect water from the aquifer,
3. Tube well sedimentation pipe
grit compartment
A pipe section located at the bottom of the pipe well to accommodate sand entering the well and sediment precipitated from the water.
4. Dug well
dug well, open well
A structure constructed by artificial excavation or sinking method, with a well casing set to intercept shallow groundwater.
battery of wells
a group of wells,
infiltration gallery
a horizontal pipe rack with holes on the wall to collect shallow groundwater 7. Groundwater intake structure inverted layer
inverted layer
a graded gravel layer with particle size ranging from fine to coarse along the irrigation direction (referred to as inverted layer) laid at the inlet of the well or infiltration channel.
spring chamber
a structure for collecting spring water,
9. Intake structure
intake ntructure
a general term for various structures set up to collect raw water. 10.Intake (water intake head)
intake
The water inlet part of the riverbed water intake structure. Intake chamber
11.Intake chamber
A structure that connects the water intake pipe and the water intake, and is equipped with a grille or grid inside.12.Grid
screen
A kind of net-shaped pollution-blocking equipment used to intercept larger floating objects, aquatic animals or other pollutants in the water. The size of the mesh is smaller than that of the grid. 13.Suction well
Suction well
A structure specially set up for the water pump suction pipe. Article 3.0.3 The terms and their meanings of water purification structures in water supply projects shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Water purification structure
purification structure
The general term for structures whose main purpose is to remove floating solids and colloidal impurities in water.
Chemical dosing
The process of adding a certain amount of chemical agents to water for water treatment. 3. Mixing
mixing
The process of making the added agents quickly and evenly diffuse in the treated water to create good coagulation reaction conditions.
4. Coagulation
The process of making the particles easy to contact and adsorb in order to eliminate the repulsive force between colloidal particles or destroy their hydrophilicity.
Flocculation
(1) The process of colloids that have completed coagulation collide and aggregate with each other under certain external disturbance to form larger particles. Formerly known as reaction, (2) The process in which a high molecular weight coagulant adsorbs the bridge between the suspended solid and the colloidal impurities.
6. Natural sedimentation
Plain sedimentation
The sedimentation process without adding any coagulant. 7. Coagulation sedimentation
The sedimentation process with the addition of coagulants,
8. Coagulant
The general term for the agent added in the coagulant process. 9. Coagulant aid
The auxiliary agent added in the sedimentation and purification process of water to improve the coagulant effect.
10. Standby reserve
The reserve amount set up in the drug warehouse to consider the interruption of drug supply caused by abnormal reasons and not allowed to be used under normal circumstances. Referred to as fixed reserve. 11. Current reserve for reagents
Current reserve
5—6-- 5
Reserve required to take into account the difference between reagent consumption and supply time. Referred to as turnover reserve.
12. Desilting basin, grit chamber
Water that removes large-sized sand or debris with great self-weight that can settle naturally13. Pre-sedimentation tank
Pre-sedimentation tank
When the sediment particles in the raw water are large or the concentration is high, a sedimentation tank is set up before the coagulation and sedimentation treatment,
14. Horizontal flow sedimentation tank
Horizontal flow sedimentation tank A sedimentation tank where water flows horizontally.
15. Differential flow inclined tube (or inclined plate) sedimentation tank tube (plate) settler
In the tank, inclined tubes (or inclined plates) are set up, and water is precipitated from bottom to top through the inclined tubes (or inclined plates), and the sludge slides downward along the inclined tubes (or inclined plates).16. Indirect flow inclined plate sedimentation tank
lamella
In the tank, inclined plates are set up, and the sedimentation process takes place inside the inclined plates, and both the water flow and the sludge flow downward along the inclined plates.
17. Mechanical stirring clarifier
Accelerator
A pool where mechanical water is lifted and stirred to promote sludge circulation, and solid impurities in the raw water are contacted with the formed sludge to flocculate and separate the sediment.18. Hydraulic circulation clarifier
Circulator clarifier
A pool where hydraulic water is lifted to promote sludge circulation, and solid impurities in the raw water are contacted with the formed sludge to flocculate and separate the sediment.19. Pulse clarifier
Pulsator
A pool where the suspended layer continuously produces periodic compression and expansion, promoting the solid impurities in the raw water to contact with the formed sludge to flocculate and separate the sediment.20. Sludge blanket clarifier
A pool where the raw water after the addition of drugs passes through the suspended sludge layer from bottom to top, and the impurities in the water and the particles of the sludge suspension layer are magnetically collided and flocculated to separate the sediment. 21.Surface load
surface load
In the purification part of sedimentation structures such as sedimentation tanks and clearing tanks, the outflow rate per unit liquid (water) area is usually expressed in m2/ (m2, h).
floatation tank
22.floatation tank
A tank that uses the principles of flocculation and flotation to separate and float impurities in liquids
23.floatation dissolved air vessel
In the flotation process, a closed container where water and air mix under pressure. Referred to as dissolved air seam.
24.floatation contact chamber
Contact chamber
In the flotation process, it is a place after the flocculation chamber to fully mix and contact water with saturated air water. Referred to as contact chamber,
25. Rapid filter
rapid filter
A pool that uses quartz sand or white coal, ore and other granular filter materials to quickly filter tap water to achieve the purpose of retaining suspended solids and some fine and microorganisms in the water, siphon filter
26. Siphon filter
A rapid filter in which the siphon replaces the water inlet and outlet valves. The water outlets of each ice pool are interconnected, and the backwash water is supplied by the filtered water of other filter grids. Each filter grid operates under the condition of constant filtration rate and variable water level.
27. Valveless filter
valveless filter
A type of rapid filter without a valve. During operation, the outlet water level remains constant, while the inlet water level continues to rise in the siphon pipe as the head loss of the filter layer increases. When the water level rises to the top of the siphon pipe and forms a siphon, the filter layer backwashing automatically begins, and the flushing wastewater is discharged from the pool along the siphon pipe. 28. Pressure filter
pressure filter
A filter that performs pressure filtration in a closed container. 29. Moveable hood filter
movable hood backwashing filterA filter that has a movable flushing hood on the top of the filter, and flushes each filter grid in turn in an instantaneous sequence. It consists of several small filter grids and has the same water inlet and outlet system. 30.Filtering media
Granular material used for water filtration, usually quartz sand, white coal ore, etc.
31.Supporting layer
Graded gravel layer
Its function is only to prevent the filter media from being lost from the water collection system during water filtration. The graded gravel layer laid under the filter media layer in the filter tank. It can play a certain role in assisting the uniform distribution of water during backwashing.
32.Filtration rate
Rate of filtration
The amount of water filtered per unit filtration area per unit time. Its measurement unit is usually expressed in m/h.
33.Forced filtration rate
When some filters in a water plant are shut down for maintenance or sand resurfacing, the filtration rate of other operating filters while the total filtration volume remains unchanged34.Filter underdrain system
Filter underdrain system
A water distribution system set up at the bottom of the filter layer to evenly distribute the flushing water on the entire filter plane
35.Surface washing
Surface washing
A method of flushing the surface layer of the filter material using a fixed or rotating water jet system.
36.Backwash
backwash
When the filter media layer is polluted to a certain extent, use a strong water flow to wash the filter media from top to bottom.
37.Air-water washing
air-water washing
The method of washing the filter tank with air and water. 38.Filter wash water consumption
Filter wash water consumption The amount of water consumed for backwashing the filter media layer once. 39.Intensity of back washing
The amount of water passing through the unit filter area per unit time. When flushing the filter tank, the unit of measurement is usually L / (m2·s). 40. Percentage of bed-expansion The expansion degree of the filter media layer during backwashing, measured as a percentage of the filter media thickness. 41. Contact oxidation method for iron removal In the process of iron removal, the contact catalytic effect is used to accelerate the oxidation rate of low-valent iron and remove it. It is referred to as contact ammoniation method. 42. Clear-water reservoir It is used to store the purified water in the water plant to adjust the difference between the water production and water supply of the water plant, and to set a certain amount of water discharge to meet the chlorination contact time. Article 3.0.4
The terms and meanings of the water supply and distribution network in water supply projects shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Self-filling
The water diversion method in which the top of the high-center pump is set below the lowest water suction level, and the water is filled into the pump body by gravity when starting.
2. Transfer flow
The amount of water delivered by the water plant to the regulating structure located in the water distribution network, distribution system. pipe system3. Water distribution network
The pipe system that delivers water to the distribution network and even to the user. 4. Ring network
pipe network
A distribution form of water distribution network. The pipes are connected vertically and horizontally to form a ring. 5. Branch network
branch system
A distribution form of water distribution network, with distinct trunk pipes and branch pipes, forming a tree core shape. 6. Buttress, anchorage
Buttress, anchorage
To prevent water leakage caused by displacement of water pipe fittings caused by water pressure in the pipe, a pier needs to be built at an appropriate position of the water pipe trunk. It is referred to as a buttress. Terminology for softening and desalination of industrial water
Chapter 4
Article 4.0.1 The terms and meanings of softening and desalination of industrial water shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Softened water
softened water
Water from which most or all calcium and magnesium ions have been removed. 2. Demineralized water
Demineralized water
A general term for the finished water obtained after the suspended matter and inorganic cations and anions and other impurities in the water have been removed through different water treatment process systems. high-purity water, ultra-high purity water3.High-purity water
Mainly refers to water with a conductivity of less than 0.1us/cm and a pH value of 6.8-7.0 when the temperature is 25°C, and water with other impurities and bacteria removed.4.Desilication
desilication, silica removalThe process of removing silicon dioxide from water by ion exchange or other methods.5.Dealkalization
dealkalization
The process of removing or reducing bicarbonate ions in water by chemical or ion exchange methods.
acid cleaning
The process of removing water-insoluble sediments on equipment or ion exchangers by acid.lime slurry
7.Lime slurry
The slurry in the form of a paste after lime is digested and mixed with water.8.Milk of lime
The turbid liquid after lime slurry is diluted with water.
9. Resin fouling
The surface and pores of the resin are fouled or the exchange groups of the resin adsorb pollutants that are irreversibly exchangeable.
10. Resin degradation
Resin degradation
The quaternary amine of the anionic resin is gradually converted into primary, secondary, and primary amines by the action of the sedative and high temperature. This weakens its alkalinity and gradually reduces the number of strong base exchange groups. 11. Ion exchanger
Ion exchanger
Material that can exchange ions with water. There are ion exchange resins, sulfonated coal, etc.
12. Ion exchange resin
Ion exchange resin
High-molecular-weight ion exchanger produced by polymerization of high-molecular-weight compounds and cross-linking agents. 13. Weak-base anion exchange resin
weak-base anion exchange
Anion exchange resin whose main exchange groups are primary, tertiary and tertiary amine groups. 14. Strong-base anion exchange resin
strong-base anion exchangec
Anion exchange resin whose main exchange groups are quaternary amine groups. 15. Weak-acid cation exchange resin
weak-acid cation exchange
Cation exchange resin whose main exchange groups are carboxyl (-COOH) or phenol groups.
16. Strong-acid cation exchange resin
strong-acid cation exchange Cation exchange resin whose main exchange groups are sulfonic acid groups (-SO,H). 17. Gel-type ion exchange resin
Gel-type ion exchange resin
The resin has only chemical structure pores. When the resin is diffused into water, the pores are revealed during the swelling process of the resin particles themselves.
18. Macro-reticular type ion exchange resin
change resin
macro-reticular type ion exchange
Macro-reticular resin has discontinuous ion pores. It does not swell in aqueous solution. English abbreviation MR
sulfonated coal
19.Sulfonated coal
Ion exchange agent obtained by treating fine-grained bituminous coal with fuming sulfuric acid20.Post-treatment
post-treatment
The fine treatment system connected to the back of the desalination system is usually composed of ultrafiltration, precision filtration, ultraviolet sterilization and reverse osmosis. It is usually installed near the water point.
21. Regeneration
regeneration
The process of using a regeneration agent to restore the exchange capacity of the ion exchanger to its original state after the ion exchanger fails.
22. Regeneration liquid displacement
rinse displacement
A step in the regeneration process of the ion exchanger. When the ion exchanger is regenerated, after the injection of the regeneration liquid is stopped, water is continuously injected (the flow rate of the water is the same as the flow rate of the regeneration liquid) to remove the regeneration liquid in the ion exchanger. 23. Two stage sodium ion exchange
Two stage sodium ion exchange system in which two sodium ion exchangers are operated in series. 24. Co-current regeneration
Co-current regeneration
The high ion exchange process in which the regeneration liquid and the treated water flow through the ion exchanger layer in the same direction. English
English abbreviation SS.
25. Counter current regeneration
Counter current regeneration An ion exchange process in which the direction of the regeneration liquid flowing through the ion exchange layer is opposite to the direction of the treated water flowing through the ion exchange layer. English abbreviation CCR, up-flow regeneration
26. Countercurrent regeneration
One of the countercurrent regeneration forms. During regeneration, the regeneration liquid flows through the ion exchange layer from bottom to top, and during operation, the treated water flows through the ion exchange layer from top to bottom. English abbreviation SN.
27.Floating bed
fluidized bed
A form of convective regeneration ion exchanger. During regeneration, the regeneration liquid flows from top to bottom through the ion exchanger layer, and during operation, the process water flows from bottom to top through the compacted or suspended ion exchanger layer. Referred to as floating bed or NS.
mixed hed
28. Mixed ion exchanger
Cationic and anionic ion exchange resins are fully mixed in an ion exchanger to simultaneously exchange cations and anions. Referred to as mixed bed. 29. Air hold down CCR air bianketC.CR
During the countercurrent regeneration process, the space above the exchanger layer is filled with compressed air to maintain the bed stable and not disordered.
30. Water top pressure countercurrent regeneration
blanket CCR
water hold down CCR, waterDuring the countercurrent regeneration process, pressurized water is used in the upper space of the exchange layer to maintain the bed stable and not disordered.
atmospheric press bed CCR
31. Non-top pressure countercurrent regeneration
During the countercurrent regeneration process, there is no top pressure measure (open to the atmosphere) in the upper space of the exchange layer. An intermediate drainage device or a pressurized lipid layer with low flow rate and small resistance of the regeneration liquid is used to maintain the bed stable and not disordered.
ion exchange bed expansion
32.Ion exchange bed expansion
The percentage of expansion of the exchanger layer when water flows countercurrently through the exchanger layer during backwashing
33.Moving bed
moving bed
Ion exchange device in which the exchange resin flows periodically between the exchanger, regenerator and cleaning tower
34.Regeneration agent consumption
sumption
Chemical consumption, regenetant concentration The actual amount of regenerant required to restore the ion exchange capacity of the failed ion exchanger to 1kg of calcium carbonate. The unit of measurement is usually kg/kgCaCO.
35.Regeneration dose
regeneration level
The amount of regenerant required to regenerate a unit volume of ion exchanger. 36.Regenerant metering
chemical measurement
Use a device to inject a certain concentration of regenerant into the ion exchanger according to the required amount. 5-67
37.Ultrafilter
Ultfafilter
A filter with a pore size of less than 20nm, used to remove particulate impurities in water. English abbreviation UF
38.Microporous filter
Microporous filter
A general term for membrane filtration equipment with a pore size of 0.2~ lum. English abbreviation MF. 39.Stratabed, multibed
A form of ion exchanger. 40. Double bed
double bed
A type of ion exchanger with a partition in the middle, divided into two upper and lower chambers, containing weak and strong ion exchange resins. 41. Stepwise regeneration
stepwise regeneration
When using sulfuric acid to regenerate cation exchangers, in order to prevent the formation of calcium sulfate precipitation on the surface of the exchangers, the concentration of sulfuric acid regeneration solution is gradually increased in 52~3 steps. 42. L operating capacity
operating capacity
The ion exchanger starts from being put into operation until the amount of ion leakage in the effluent exceeds the requirement. The amount of ions adsorbed by the ion exchanger per unit volume. 43. Resin trapper
resin trapper
The amount of resin particles used to capture the resin particles carried out of the ion exchanger with the water. 44.1 Electrodialyzer
electrodialyzen
Uses ion exchange membrane and direct current electric field to cause the selective migration of electrolyte ions in the water, thereby achieving the purpose of desalinating the water. English abbreviation ED.45. Reverse osmosis unit
Use external pressure to make the water in the concentrated solution overcome the shock pressure of the organic cellulose semipermeable membrane and penetrate to the fresh water side to achieve the desalination and desalination of water. English abbreviation RO
46. Primary demineralization system
Basic demineralization form in which water flows through strong acid cation exchangers and strong base anion exchangers.
47. Monobed and single cycle rnoving||monobed and single cycle rnoving The regeneration and cleaning of the resin are carried out in one tower. The regeneration and cleaning tower is placed in the ion exchanger to form a (single) tower. The failed resin is sent to the regeneration and cleaning tower, and the regeneration liquid is first introduced from the bottom. After the regeneration is completed, water is still introduced from the bottom for cleaning until it is qualified for use. A moving bed form. 48. Dual tower continuous regeneration moving bed
The spent resin is suspended in the regeneration
duab bed continuous contactor-cleaning tower, and moves downward continuously. The middle and dirty parts of the cleaning tower continuously move upward. The regeneration liquid and cleaning water flow through the resin layer from the regeneration
at the same time. A moving bed form. 49. Single-bed ion exchanger
mono-bed ion exchanger
An ion exchanger equipped with only one ion exchange. : Industrial circulating water cooling terms
Chapter 5
The terms and general meanings of industrial circulating water cooling shall comply with the following provisions of Article 5.0.1:
1. Cooling tower
cooling tower
A facility for water cooling. Water is transported into the tower. 1. Make heat exchange or heat and mass exchange between water and air to achieve the purpose of lowering water temperature. 2. Wet cooling tower
Water and air are in direct contact. A cooling tower in which heat and mass exchange are carried out simultaneously. 3. Dry cooling tower
A cooling tower in which water and air are not in direct contact, but only heat exchange is carried out. 4. Dry-wet cooling tower
A cooling tower composed of two parts, type 1 and wet type. 5. Natural draft cooling tower
—6—8
natural draft cooling tower
A cooling tower that is ventilated by the air density difference inside and outside the tower or the air convection formed by natural wind.
6. Mechanical draft cooling tower
mechanical draft cooling towerCooling tower ventilated by fan.
7. Chimney cooling tower
Chimney cooling tower
A chimney cooling tower with a certain height of hyperbolic, cylindrical, polygonal and other geometric lines.
8. Open cooling tower
atmospheric cooling tower
There is no wind tube. The ventilation of the cooling tower depends on natural wind. A cooling tower with slatted bacteria around the water filling.
9. Induced draft mechanical cooling tower
Induced draft mechanical cooling tower
A cooling tower with a fan set at the air outlet of the top of the cooling tower. 10. Forced draft mechanical cooling tower
Forced draft mechanical cooling tower
A cooling tower with a fan set at the air inlet of the cooling tower. 11. Crossflow cooling tower
crossflow cooling tower
Water flows vertically from the top of the tower, and the air flows horizontally through the water-sprayed filler, with the airflow and water flow being orthogonal to each other.
12.Counterflow cooling tower
Counterflow cooling tower
Water flows under the vertical curtain in the tower, and the airflow direction is opposite to the water flow direction. 13. Sprinkling packing
packing
Filling material with heat and mass exchange surface installed in the cooling tower to ensure sufficient contact between water and air.
14. Splash packing
Splash packing
Sprinkling packing that can continuously splash water into countless small water droplets. 15. Film spraying packing
Film packing
Sprinkling packing that can make water flow form a continuous thin layer of water on the surface of the packing. 16. Spiash-film packing
Spray-film packing
Water-spraying packing that can disperse water into fine water droplets continuously and form a thin water film on the packing surface
cooling tower distribution system17. Lingque tower water distribution system
Water distribution system composed of troughs, pipes and splash nozzles in cooling tower18. Trough distribution system
Troughing distribution systemWater distribution system composed of troughs and water nozzles. Piping distribution system
19. Pipe distribution system
Water distribution system composed of pipes and splash nozzles.20. Pipe-trough combined water distribution system
Pipe-troughing distribution system
Water distribution system composed of water troughs and water pipes. 21. Hot water distribution basin A water distribution system consisting of a shallow pool with holes in the bottom of the pool or a nozzle installed at the bottom of the pool. 22. Rotating distributor A water distribution device consisting of a rotating shaft and several water distribution pipes. It uses the reaction force of the water flow sprayed from the orifice of the water distribution pipe to push the water distribution pipe to rotate around the rotating shaft to achieve the purpose of water distribution. 23. Spray nozzle A component of the water distribution system of a cooling tower. It makes the water splash into fine droplets. 24. Vertical well of water distribution A parallel structure that transports and distributes the circulating water entering the cooling tower to the water distribution system. It is called the water distribution shaft.
25. Area of water drenching
The cross-sectional area of the top of the water drenching packing layer in the cooling tower. 26. Water drenching density
The amount of water passing through the cross-sectional area of the water drenching packing per square meter per unit time. Its measurement unit is usually expressed in kg/(m2·h).
27. Approach
The difference between the water temperature after cooling in the cooling tower and the ambient wet bulb overflow. 28. Cooling water temperature difference
cooling range
The difference between the hot water temperature entering the cooling facility and the water temperature after cooling. 29. Drift elinninator
A device installed in the cooling tower to collect the drift water carried by the airflow out of the tower. 30. Double droplet
Tiny water droplets contained in the air discharged from the cooling tower. 31. Recirculation of wet air
The phenomenon that part of the hot and humid air discharged from the cooling tower is sucked back into the cooling tower. Referred to as reflux.
32. Spray pond
A facility for water cooling. A certain number of spray ponds are set up in the pool, and water is splashed into the atmosphere, forming tiny water droplets and water streams, which are fully in contact with the air to achieve the purpose of reducing water.
33. Cooling pond
Cooling pond
A facility for water cooling. Ponds, reservoirs, tidal flats or special pools used to cool circulating water are collectively referred to as cooling ponds. 34. Deep cooling pond: A cooling pond with a depth greater than 4m and with a significant and stable temperature differential flow. 35. Shallow cooling pond: A cooling pond with a depth less than 3m and with only a weak temperature differential flow or no temperature differential flow in a local area. 36. Skimmer walf: A curtain wall set in front of the water intake and extending to a certain depth below the water surface to prevent surface hot water from being sucked into the water intake structure. 37. Submerged weir: A water dike set in front of the drainage outlet and submerged to a certain depth below the water surface. 38. Evaporation loss: the amount of water lost due to evaporation in cooling facilities. 39. Windage loss: the amount of water carried away by the air in the form of water droplets in cooling facilities. 40. Seepage loss: the amount of water that slowly evaporates through cracks and holes in pipes, equipment and cooling facilities in cooling water systems. 41. Thermal density flow: the thermal density flow generated by the temperature difference in water bodies. 42. Heat transfer coefficient: the combination of the three heat transfer coefficients of evaporation, convection and surface radiation. Refers to the change in the amount of heat lost by a water body through its unit surface area when the water surface temperature changes by 1°K per unit time. Its unit of measurement is usually expressed in W/(m2:°K). Chapter 6
Terms of Industrial Circulating Cooling Water Treatment
Article 6.0.1 The terms and general meanings of water and water systems in circulating cooling water treatment design shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Circulating cooling water
recirculating cooling water
Cooling water that is returned to the cooling structure to reduce leakage after heat exchange and is recycled after necessary treatment.
2. Once-through cooling water
Cooling water that is used only once and then discharged during the cooling process. 3. Direct cooling water
direct cocling water
Cooling water that is in direct contact with the cooled material for heat exchange. 4. Indirect cooling water
indirect cooling water
Cooling water that exchanges heat indirectly with the cooled material through heat exchange equipment. 5. Make-up water
Make-up water
Water that needs to be continuously replenished in the circulating cooling water system due to evaporation, wind, leakage and sewage loss.
Side stream
Divided from the circulating cooling water, it returns to the system after proper treatment. 7. Blowdown
blowdown
In the cooling water system, water must be discharged to avoid excessive concentration of salts due to evaporation.
8. Recirculating cooling water system
recirculating cooling water system A water supply system in which cooling water is heat exchanged and cooled and then recycled, including open and closed types.
9. Once-through cooling water system
once-through cooling water system A water supply system in which the cooling water is used only once and then discharged. 10. Open recirculating cooling water system
opened recirculating coolingwater system
A water supply system in which the cooling water is cooled by evaporation after heat exchange and then recycled.
11.Closed recirculating cooling water system
closed recirculating cooling water system
Cooling water (usually softened water or demineralized water) exchanges heat in a closed system, cools down through air heat exchange equipment or water-to-water heat exchange equipment, and is recycled for use as a water supply system.
Article 6.0.2 The terms and meanings of scaling and corrosion in the design of circulating cooling water treatment shall comply with the following provisions: 1. Scaling
The scale layer formed by the deposition of slightly soluble salts in water on the heat exchange surface; 2. Fouling
The accumulation of any insoluble substances in the cooling water system. 3. Biological sludge
slime, biological fouling
viscous substances that are mixed with other organic and inorganic impurities and adhere to the surface of objects by microorganisms and their mucus. 4. Fouling resistance
fouling resistance
heat transfer resistance caused by sediments on the heat exchange surface. 5. Biological sludge content
slime content
the concentration of sludge in circulating cooling water measured by biological filtration method. 6. Corrosion
corrosion
the process of various materials being deteriorated and damaged by environmental media. In water treatment, it mainly refers to the damage caused by electrochemical or microbiological effects on the metal surface. 7. General corrosion (uniform corrosion)
general corrosion
basically uniform corrosion on the entire metal surface. 8. Localized corrosion
localized corrosion
wide corrosion concentrated on certain parts of the metal surface. 9. Under-deposit corrosion
Under-deposit corrosion
Corrosion under deposits on the metal surface. 10. Pitting
pitting
Local corrosion concentrated in a relatively small area of the metal surface. 11. Corrosion rate
corrosion rate
The weight lost per unit area of the metal material per unit time, or the average thickness lost per unit time of the metal material. 12. Pitting factor
Pitting factor
The ratio of the maximum pitting depth of the metal material or the corrosion test piece to the average surface loss depth calculated by weight loss
Calculation 6.0.3 The terms and their meanings in the design and water treatment of circulating cooling water treatment shall comply with the following provisions:
scale inhibition
The process of preventing the formation of deposits on the heating surface of the heat exchange equipment by chemical or physical means.
corrosion inhibition
The process of inhibiting or delaying the corrosion of the gold wing. 5—6—9
3.Corrosion prevention
Generally refers to the process of preventing various materials from being corroded in various environments. 4.Concentration ratio
cycle of concentration
In circulating cooling water, the ratio of dissolved solids that shrink due to evaporation to dissolved solids in make-up water, or the ratio of make-up water flow to sewage volume. volurnetric content of system5.System volume
The sum of cooling water capacity in an open circulating cooling water system. Including the sum of all water volumes of heat exchange equipment, cooling towers, pools, pipes and pumps in the system during operation.
saturation index, Langetier index6.Saturation index
An index derived from a theoretical formula to qualitatively predict the tendency of calcium carbonate precipitation or dissolution in water. It is expressed as the difference between the actual pH value of water and the theoretically calculated pH value under the condition of calcium carbonate being in equilibrium. 7. Stability index
stability index, Ryzner index An index derived from an empirical formula to relatively quantitatively predict the tendency of calcium carbonate precipitation or dissolution in water. It is expressed as the actual pH value of water dehydrated with alkali twice the theoretically calculated pH value under the condition of calcium carbonate being in equilibrium. 8. Cooling water treatment
cooling water treatment
Generally refers to various treatments of cooling water in the system. Generally includes treatments to control scaling, fouling and microbial reproduction.
9. Side-stream treatment
Side-stream treatment
To prevent the circulating cooling water quality from exceeding the specified indicators, the side-stream water in the system is treated. Including side-stream filtration, softening and removal of certain ions or other impurities.
10.Make-up water treatment
Make-up water treatment
Treatment of make-up water in cooling water system. In addition to the usual precipitation and filtration treatment for removing floating objects and colloids in water, it can also include sterilization, algae removal, softening or desalination and degassing. 11.Acidification
acidification
A method of alkali treatment. Generally, carbonic acid is used. After adding alkaline acid to cooling water, calcium carbonate in water can be converted into calcium sulfate with higher solubility to prevent calcium carbonate precipitation. 12.Microbiological control
In cooling water system, it is a treatment to control the proliferation of bacteria and algae in water to prevent corrosion and sludge.
13.Side-stream filtration.
Filter the side-stream water of cooling water system. 14. Pre-filming
prefihning
Immediately after the cooling water system is cleaned. The pre-filming agent is put into operation. The operation process of forming a layer of protective film covering the surface of the metal fittings of the heat exchange equipment pipeline. 15. Degradation
degradation
The decomposition of substances caused by biological action
16. Monitoring coupon
monitoring coupon
In the cooling water system or under laboratory conditions, a standard coupon is used to obtain data on corrosion or deposition phenomena.
17. Corrosion coupon
A test coupon used to test the corrosiveness of water in flowing cooling water. Article 6.0.4 The terms and meanings of the agents used in the design of β-circulation cooling water treatment shall comply with the following provisions.
1. Scale inhibitor
An agent that blocks or delays the deposition of insoluble salts in water. 2. Dispersant
Dispersant
An agent that makes the particles precipitated in water float and disperse. Corrosion inhibitor
3. Corrosion inhibitor
An agent that inhibits or delays the corrosion process of metal. 4. Biocide
Biocide
An agent used to kill organisms in water.
5. Prefilming agent
prefilming agent
An agent used in circulating cooling water systems to form a protective film on the metal surface. 5—6-10
6. Stripping agent
stripping agent
An agent that can remove microorganisms and the sludge they generate from the metal surface of heat exchange equipment or the wall of the cooling tower.
7. Surfactant
surfactant
An agent that can significantly reduce the surface tension of a liquid. 8. Defoaming agent
defoaming agent
A surfactant used to eliminate foam generated during water treatment. Chapter 7 Outdoor Drainage Terminology
Article 7.0.1 The terms and meanings of drainage systems and alternative structures in drainage projects shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Drainage system
Sewer system
A method of collecting and transporting sewerage in an area. It has two basic methods: combined system and separate system.
2. Combined system
Combined system
A drainage method that uses the same pipe nest to collect and transport wastewater. 3.Separate system: A drainage method that uses different pipes to collect and transport various sewage, water and production water. 4. Manhole: A structure on the drainage pipe that connects other wells and provides a place for maintenance workers to inspect, clear and exit wells.
5. Drop manhole
Drop manhole
An inspection well with a large drop difference between the upstream and downstream pipe bottoms,
Emergency outlet
6. Emergency outlet
A facility for temporarily discharging wastewater to natural water bodies or other locations when a drainage system fails,
7. Intercepting well
Storm overflow well, Inter-sewer system
A structure used to retain and control the combined water volume,8. Tide gate
Tidegate
A one-way valve installed at the outlet of the drainage pipe to prevent the backflow of tidal water. Article 7.0.2 The terms and meanings of water and water treatment in drainage projects shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Domestic sewage
domestic sewage, domestic wastewaterWastewater discharged by residents in their daily lives, 2. Industrial wastewater
industrial wastewater
Water discharged during the production process. It includes production wastewater and production sewage, 3. Production sewage
polluted industrial wastewaterContaminated industrial wastewater. It also includes industrial wastewater that has been subjected to continuous processing and causes thermal pollution after discharge.
4. Production wastewater
non-polluted industrial wastewaterIndustrial wastewater that is not polluted or slightly polluted and has a slightly elevated water content. 5. Municipal sewage
Municipal sewage, municipal wastewaterA general term for sewage discharged into the urban sewage system. In the combined sewer system, it also includes production wastewater and retained wastewater.
6.Dry weather flow
Dry weather flow
Sewage transported by the combined sewer system on sunny days. 7.Seff-purification of water bodies
The process of organic matter degradation, free oxygen recovery and gradual restoration of water body biota under the biochemical action of rivers and other water bodies under natural conditions. 8.Primary treatment
Primary treatment
The purification process of removing floating and suspended matter from sewage, mainly sedimentation. 9.Secondary treatment
The purification process of continuing to remove colloids and soluble organic matter in sewage by biological treatment methods after primary treatment
10.Biological treatment
Biological treatment
The process of degrading and stabilizing unstable organic matter in sewage by the action of microorganisms.
11. Activated sludge process
activated sludge process
A method of biological treatment of sewage. This method is to continuously mix and culture sewage and various microbial communities under artificial ammonia conditions to form activated sludge. The biological coagulation, adsorption and oxidation of activated sludge are used to decompose and remove organic pollutants in sewage, and then the sludge is separated from water. Most of the sludge is returned to the aeration tank, and the excess is discharged from the activated sludge system.
12. Biofilm process
biomembrance process
A method of biological treatment of sewage. This method uses various carriers, through the continuous contact between sewage and carriers, to breed biofilms on the carriers, and use the biosorption and oxidation of the membranes to degrade and remove organic pollutants in sewage. The biofilm removed from the screen is separated from the water.
13.Double-layer sedimentation tank (cellation tank)
Imhoff tank
It consists of a sedimentation tank on the upper layer and a sewage filter digestion chamber on the lower layer. 14.Primary sedimentation tank
The first sedimentation structure in sewage treatment, mainly used to reduce the concentration of suspended solids in sewage
15.Secondary sedimentation tank
Secondary sedimentation tankThe sedimentation structure of sewage biological treatment effluent, used to separate the sludge in it, 16.Biological filter
Biological filter, trickling filtetThe biological treatment structure composed of crushed stone or plastic product filler. The sewage is intermittently in contact with the microbial film growing on the surface of the filler, so that the sewage is purified. 17. Biotower
biotower
A tower-shaped biological filter tank with a height of 8 to 24 meters and a diameter of 1 to 3.5 meters. The fillers are usually plastic products. 18. Rotating biological disk
A biological treatment structure consisting of a water tank and a rotating disk partly submerged in the sewage. The microbial film growing on the surface of the disk repeatedly contacts the sewage in the tank and the oxygen in the air, so that the sewage is purified.
19. Bio-contact oxidation
A biological treatment process consisting of fillers submerged in the sewage and an artificial aeration system. Under aerobic conditions, the sewage repeatedly contacts the biofilm on the surface of the filler, so that the sewage is purified.
20. Aeration tank
A structure for biological treatment of sewage using the activated sludge method. The pool provides a certain sewage retention time to meet the oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms and the mixing conditions for the sewage and activated sludge to fully contact.
21. Plug flow aeration
plugflow aeration
A mode of operation in the activated sludge process. The flow of liquid in the aeration pool flows sequentially from the inlet end of the drain to the outlet end along the longitudinal direction of the pool. 22. Complete mixing aeration
complete-mixing aeration
A mode of operation in the activated sludge process. After the sewage and return sewage enter the aeration pool, they are immediately mixed evenly with the regular liquid in the entire pool. 23. Conventional aeration
conventional aeration
A standard form of plug flow aeration. Sewage and return sludge all enter the rectangular aeration pool at the inlet end and flow downstream along the longitudinal direction of the pool to the outlet end. 24. Step aeration
step acration
An improved form of conventional aeration. The return sludge is introduced into the aeration tank inlet, and the sewage enters at multiple points along the longitudinal direction of the tank, and then flows to the outlet end. 25. Adsorption regeneration aeration
biosorption process, contact stabilizaAn improved form of ordinary aeration. The return sludge is first regenerated and aerated for a long time in the regeneration zone upstream of the aeration filter, and then mixed and contacted with the sewage in the adsorption zone downstream of the aeration tank for a short time, and then flows to the outlet. 26. High-load aeration
High-rate acration
A form of activated sludge process. The characteristics are high sludge load, short sewage retention time and low BOD removal rate.
27. Extended aeration
Extended aeration
A form of activated sludge process. Characteristics include low sludge load, long aeration time, high organic matter ammoniation degree and small amount of residual sludge. 28. Oxidation ditch
Oxidation ditch
A flat, circular or annular "racetrack" type activated sludge treatment structure, which generally uses mechanical oxygenation and water flow to degrade organic matter in the water. Stabilization pond, oxidation 29. Stabilization pond (oxidation pond)
A natural or artificial pond with a long sewage retention time. Sewage in the soil mainly relies on the aerobic and (or) anaerobic action of microorganisms, and operates in multiple stages in series to stabilize organic pollutants in sewage. There are aerobic ponds, anaerobic ponds, facultative ponds and aerated ponds. 30.Irrigation
sewage farming
A facility that uses land to treat sewage naturally. On the one hand, it uses sewage to cultivate plants; on the other hand, it uses soil and plants to purify sewage. oil separator
31. Oil separatorbzxZ.net
A treatment structure that uses the difference in specific gravity between oil and water to separate and remove larger suspended oil particles in sewage.
32. Fixed distributor
Fixed distributor
A water distribution facility in a biological infiltration tank composed of fixed perforated pipes or nozzles. 33. Movable distributor
A rotating and movable water distribution facility in a biological filter tank composed of perforated pipes, nozzles or water tanks. There are two types of rotary distributors and reciprocating distributors. 34. Air diffusion
diffused air aeration
Use a blower to supply air, which is distributed to the mixed liquid in the aeration tank in the form of bubbles through various types of diffusers. To achieve the purpose of oxygenating and mixing the mixed liquor. 35. Shallow aeration
Inka aeration
An air diffusion system, the grid diffuser is located at a depth of about 80cm and occupies half of the pool area. A low-pressure centrifugal fan can be used to achieve the requirements of oxygenation and aeration of slow aeration pools at conventional water depths.
36. Mechanical surface aeration
mechanical surface aeration
Relying on the rotation of a certain machine located on the surface of the liquid, the aeration pool liquid is stirred and lifted, and the air-water contact surface is continuously renewed to achieve the requirements of oxygenation and mixing. 37. Mixed liquor
Mixed liquor
A mixture of active liquor and sewage in the aeration pool. 38.Weir gate
Weir gate
A gate set at the mouth of the dike to adjust the height of the weir. Article 7.0.3
The terms and meanings of sludge and sludge treatment in drainage projects shall comply with the following provisions:
1. Raw sludge
Raw sludge
, secondary sludge or a mixture of the two, primary sludge mixed with sludge that has not been treated,
2. Primary sludge
Primary sludge
Sediment discharged from the primary sedimentation tank.
3. Secondary sludge
Sediment discharged from the secondary sedimentation tank (or sedimentation area).
4. Activated sludge
Activated sludge
A sludge containing various aerobic microbial groups that grows in the aeration tank. 5. Digested sludge
digested sludge
After aerobic digestion or anaerobic digestion, the concentration of organic matter contained in the sludge is reduced to a certain extent and tends to be stable.
6. Returned sludge
returned shudge
Activated sludge separated from the secondary sedimentation tank (or sedimentation area) and returned to the gas tank.
7. Excess activated sludge
5—6--11
Activated sludge discharged from the secondary sedimentation tank (or sedimentation area) in the activated sludge system.
8. Sludge gas
sludge gas
Gas produced by the decomposition of organic matter during anaerobic digestion of sewage mixture. The main components are methane and carbon dioxide, and there are small amounts of hydrogen, nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide. Commonly
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