Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Electrotechnical terminologyElectric tool
1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the special terminology of electric tools
GB/T 2900.28-94
Replaces GB 2900.28--82
This standard is applicable to the formulation of standards, the compilation of technical documents, the writing and translation of professional manuals, teaching materials and books and periodicals 2. General terms and product names
2.1 Electric tools
2. 1.1 Electric toolelectric tool, electric power tool A mechanized tool that uses an electric motor or an electromagnet as the power and drives the working head through a transmission mechanism. Hand-held electric toolhand-held electric tool, hand-held motor operated tool2.1.2
An electric tool that is held or suspended by hand for operation. 2.1.3
Transpotable electric tool, transpotable motor operated tool An electric tool with all the following characteristics: a.
It can be easily moved by one person, but can be equipped with simple devices such as handles and wheels for easy handling; it is always used in a safe and stable state regardless of whether it is fixed with quick clamping devices, bolts, etc.; it is used under the control of one operator;
It is not considered to be used in continuous production or on production lines; it is connected to the power supply with a flexible cord and plug;
The maximum rated voltage of single-phase AC or DC is not more than 250V, and the maximum rated voltage of three-phase AC is not more than 440V; the maximum rated input power is not more than 2500W for single-phase and not more than 4000W for three-phase. Direct drive electric tool direct driven electric tool An electric tool in which the motor, transmission mechanism and working head are assembled into one. 2.1.53www.bzxz.net
Flexible shaft driven electric tool An electric tool in which a flexible shaft that is not contained by the housing is configured in the transmission mechanism. 2.1.6
Multi-purpose electric tool An electric tool with multiple uses, equipped with a replaceable transmission mechanism and different working heads on the basic transmission mechanism. 2.1.7 Class I electric tool A tool that not only relies on basic insulation for protection against electric shock, but also includes an additional safety precaution, which is to connect the accessible conductive parts to the protective (grounding) conductor in the installed fixed line. In this way, the accessible conductive parts will not become live in the event of damage to the basic insulation. 2.1.8 Class I electric tool Class Ⅱ electric tool Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on May 19, 1994, and implemented on January 1, 1995
GB/T 2900.28-94
A tool that not only relies on basic insulation for protection against electric shock, but also provides additional safety precautions such as double insulation or reinforced insulation, without protective grounding or measures that rely on installation conditions. 2.1.9 Insulation-encased class I electric tool An electric tool having a durable, strong, substantially continuous insulating casing, in which all metal parts, except for some small metal parts such as nameplates, rivets, screws, etc., are enclosed, and these small metal parts are separated from the live parts by insulation at least equivalent to reinforced insulation.
The insulating casing may form part or all of the supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation. 2.1.10 Metal-encased class I electric tool An electric tool having a strong, substantially continuous metal casing, in which all parts have double insulation, except for those parts that obviously cannot be double-insulated and have strong insulation. 2.1.11 Heavy class I electric tool A tool whose protection against electric shock relies on being supplied by safety extra-low voltage and on the fact that no voltage higher than the safety extra-low voltage is generated inside the tool.
Continuous operation electric tool An electric tool with no operating time limit under normal load. 2.1.13
Short-time operation electric tool short-time operation electric tool An electric tool that starts to operate from a cold state under normal load and within a specified time, and the time interval between two operation periods is long enough for the tool to cool down to near room temperature.
Intermittent operation electric tool An electric tool that operates in a specified series of identical cycles. Each cycle consists of the time of operation under normal load and the rest time after operation when the tool is idling or powered off. 2.2 Metal cutting tools
2.2.1 Electric drill electric drill
An electric tool for drilling holes.
It can be made into single-speed (single-speed), two-speed (two-speed), multi-speed (multi-speed), electronic speed control (electropic speed control), etc.
2.2.2 Angle electric drill An electric drill with the drill bit at a fixed angle (- generally 90°) to the motor axis. 2.2.3 All-direction electric drill An electric drill whose drill bit and the motor axis can be at any angle. 2.2.4 Magnetic drill
An electric drill with a magnetic base that can be attached to a steel structure to drill holes. 2.2.5 Electric shear
An electric tool for cutting metal sheets.
2.2.6 Electric plate shear, electric swivel shear An electric tool with double-edged shearing blades for cutting metal sheets. Synonyms Electric plate shear
2.2.7 Electric nibbler An electric tool that uses upper and lower punches to cut sheets (including corrugated sheets). 2.2.8 Electric reciprocating saw An electric tool that uses a reciprocating saw blade to cut. 2.2.9 Electric jig saw An electric reciprocating saw that can cut sheets in a curve. 238
2.2.10Electric saber sawGB/T 2900.28—94
Electric reciprocating saw for sawing plates, pipes, rods and other profiles. The saw blade used is saber-shaped and wider than the curved saw blade. Electric pipe cutter, electric pipe saw2.2.11
An electric reciprocating saw for cutting large-diameter metal pipes. 2.2.12Electric pipe milling machineElectric pipe milling machineAn electric tool with an automatic feeding device that can automatically cut on the pipe wall and is used for cutting and beveling large-diameter metal pipes.
2.2.13Electric tapping machineElectric tapper
An electric tool with a quick reversing device in the transmission mechanism for processing internal threads. Electric pipe threading machine 2.2.14
Electric tool with forward and reverse rotation device for processing external pipe threads. 2.2.15 Hand-held electric beveller Electric tool for punching and beveling metal components. 2.2.16 Electric weld joint beveller A portable electric tool for forming the weld bevel of metal plates. Synonym: electric chamfering machine.
Electric profile cutting machine Electric cut-off machine A portable electric tool that uses a thin grinding wheel to cut various metal profiles. Electric scraper Electric scraper
An electric tool that scrapes the processed metal surface. 2.2.19 Electric mitre/chop saw, electric mitresaw A portable electric tool that uses a circular saw blade to cut various non-ferrous metal profiles. It has a flat rotating mechanism for the tool holder or work surface, which can change the angle between the tool shaft and the workpiece to obtain cuts of different angles. 2.3 Sanding tools
2.3.1 Electric grinder Electric grinder An electric tool that uses a grinding wheel to sand the circumference. There are handheld, table, and seated types.
Electric angle grinderElectric angle grinderAn electric tool that uses a fiber-coated grinding wheel for grinding. The axis of the grinding wheel installation and the axis of the motor shaft generally intersect at a 90° angle. 2.3.3Die grinderDiegrinder
An electric tool that uses various types of grinding heads or various forming milling cutters for high-speed grinding, polishing or milling, especially suitable for finishing the inner surface of complex shapes.
Electric sander'electric sander
An electric tool that uses abrasive cloth to sand and finish the surface of workpieces of various materials. There are various types of sanders such as belt type, disc type, and orbital type. 2.3.5Electric polisherElectric polisherAn electric tool that uses cloth, felt, and other polishing wheels to polish the surfaces of various materials. 2.4Assembly tools
2.4.1Electric wrenchElectric wrench
An electric tool for tightening and loosening bolts and nuts. 2.4.2 Electric impact wrench Electric impact wrench with a rotating tangential impact mechanism. The reaction torque on the operator is small during operation. 2.4.3 Electric definite torque wrench Electric definite torque wrench 239
GB/T 2900.28--94
Electric wrench used to tighten threaded parts that need to be connected with constant tension. 2.4.4 Electric screwdriver Electric screwdriver Electric tool equipped with a mechanism for adjusting and limiting torque, used to tighten and loosen screws. 2.4.5 Electric tube expander Electric tool used to expand tubes in the connection between metal tubes and plates. 2.4.6 Electric blind-riveting tool Electric tool that uses special rivets to connect components by stretching. 2.5 Forestry tools
2.5.1 Electric cicular saw Electric cicular saw Electric woodworking tool that uses a rotating circular saw blade for sawing. 2.5.2 Electric belt saw Electric belt saw Electric woodworking tool that uses a rotating belt saw blade to saw. 2.5.3 Electric chain saw Electric chain saw Electric woodworking tool that uses a rotating chain saw blade to saw. 2.5.4 Electric planer Electric tool that uses a planer to cut wood. Electric wood drill Electric tool that uses a large hole or deep hole to drill in logs or large wooden structures. 2.5.6 Electric router Electric tool that uses a milling machine to cut holes, grooves, edges and horse teeth of various shapes in wood. 2.5.7 Electric groover Electric tool that uses a groove to cut a step on the edge of wood. 2.5.8 Electric chain mortiser Electric tool that uses a knife chain that rotates along the guide plate to make holes. Synonyms: Electric plug
2.5.9 Electric branch cutterElectric tool for cutting branches of trees.
2.5.10 Electric hedge trimmerElectric tool for cutting shrubs and hedges. Electric tackerElectric tool for driving fasteners (such as pins, nails, U-shaped nails, etc.) into wood or similar materials. Electric tool-grinding machineElectric tool-grinding machine2.5.12
A portable electric grinder for sharpening various woodworking tools. 2.6 Farming tools
2.6.1 Electric wool shear
Electric tool for shearing wool of livestock such as sheep, cattle and horses. 2.6.2 Electric hoof repair toolElectric tool for repairing the hooves of livestock such as horses and steeds when they are hoofed. 2.6.3 Electric tea leaflet cutter Electric tool for cutting fresh leaves in tea gardens. 2.6.4 Electric grain sampler Electric tool for extracting samples from the bottom and layers of deep grain piles. 2.7 Construction and road tools
2.7.1 Electric rotary hammer GB/T 2900.28--94
Electric tool for drilling holes in concrete, stone and similar materials, with impact force generated by the tool itself.
2.7.2 Electric hammer drill Electric tool for drilling holes in concrete, brick and other materials, with rotary cutting as the main function and impact as the auxiliary function. The impact force is generated by the tool itself.
2.7.3 Electric impact drill Electric tool for drilling holes in brick and light concrete, with rotary cutting as the main function and impact mechanism that generates impact force by the operator's thrust.
Electric breaker, electric hammer are electric tools with hammer mechanism that can generate large impact energy, used for breaking concrete, stone, road surface, chiseling and compacting loose materials such as soil and sand.
2.7.5 Electric concrete vibrator Electric concrete vibrator Electric tool that makes poured concrete dense by vibration. 2.7.6 Electric concrete drill Electric concrete drill Electric tool that is equipped with vacuum adsorption and water supply device and uses hollow diamond drill bit to drill large holes in concrete components. Electric marble cutter 2.7.7
Electric tool for cutting marble and similar materials. 2.7.8 Electric scaling scraper Electric tool for scraping away putty and rust on steel windows. 2.7.9 Electric wall chaser Electric tool for milling grooves on the surface of brick walls. 2.7.10 Electric concrete channel cutter Electric tool for grooving concrete walls and floors. Electric wet grinder electric wet grinder 2.7.11
Electric tool equipped with a water spray mechanism, used for water grinding of the surface of concrete, stone and similar materials. 2.7.12
Electric rammer electric rammer
Electric tool used for tamping soil, cement and similar materials. 2.7.13
Electric pipe bender electric pipe bender electric tool used to bend metal pipes into a certain angle or arc. 2.7.14 Electric rebar cutter electric rebar cutter electric tool used to cut steel bars.
2.7.15 Electric vibrate tie tamper electric tool used to compact ballast under the sleepers and fill gaps during railway construction and maintenance. 2.8 Mining tools
2.8.1 Electric rock drill Electric rock drill It is an electric tool with a hammer mechanism that can generate large impact energy and a rotary drill mechanism that rotates continuously or intermittently, used for drilling holes in rock construction.
2.8.2 Electric rock rotary drill It is an electric tool with a rotary cutting mechanism and an automatic feeding mechanism, used for drilling holes in medium-hard and soft rocks. 2.8.3 Electric coal drill Electric coal drill It is a mining explosion-proof electric tool used for drilling holes in coal seams during mining and excavation. 2.9 Other tools
2.9.1 Electric spray gun
Electric spray gun
GB/T 2900.28—94
Electric tool that sprays various low-viscosity liquids into mist. 2.9.2 Electric picker Electric tool used to remove the flying flowers on the surface of the rollers, spindle feet and other parts of the textile machinery. 2.9:3 Electric rust remover Electric tool used to remove rust from the surface of steel components. Electric plaster-bandage saw 2.9.4
An electric tool used to remove plaster bandages by cutting with a reciprocating saw blade. 2.9.5
Electric plaster-bandage shear Electric tool used to remove plaster bandages by cutting with a scissor-like blade. 2.9.6
Electric chest bone saw Electric tool used to saw through ribs during surgery. 2.9.7 Electric bone drill Electric tool used to drill holes in bones during surgery. Electric dental drill 2. 9.81
An electric tool used to repair teeth during oral surgery. Electric carving tool 2.9.9
An electric tool used for carving in arts and crafts. 2.9.10
Electric fabric cutterElectric tool for cutting cotton, wool, linen, man-made fiber and other fabrics. Electric carpet shear2.9.11
Electric tool for cutting carpet pile.
2.9.12 Electric plastics welderElectric tool for welding thermoplastics. 2.9.13
Electric tube clemerElectric tool for unblocking or descaling pipes. Electric grass shear
Electric tool for trimming grass by relative motion of moving and fixed blades. 3 Structure and safety
3.1 Structure
3.1.1 Detachable part Detachable part refers to a part that can be removed without the help of tools. Note: The "tools" referred to here are screwdrivers, coins and any other objects that can remove screws and similar fixings. 3.1.2 Non-detachable part Non-detachable part refers to a part that can only be removed with a tool. 3.1.3 Accessible part or accessible surface Accessible part or accessible surface When the tool is inspected with the standard test finger shown in Figure 1, the part or surface of the tool that can be touched by the touch finger. If the accessible parts are metal, other metal parts that are conductively connected to these parts are also included. 242
3.1.4 Enclosure
GB/T 2900.28—94
Insulation material
Dimension unit: mm
Tolerance: Angle ±5
Linear dimension is less than 25mm, _0. 05
Exceeding 25mm, ±0.2
The outermost structural part used to support and connect the motor, transmission mechanism, switch, handle and accessories to make it a complete power tool entity.
3.1.5handle
The part held by the operator's hand during normal use. 3.1.6internal wiring
The wires that connect the internal circuits of the tool such as the motor and switch and are enclosed in the shell. 3.1.7
Detachable flexible cable or cord is connected to the tool through a suitable appliance connector and is used as a flexible cable or cord for connecting the tool to the power supply. Non-detachable flexible cable or cord is fixedly installed on the power tool and is used as a flexible cable or cord for connecting the tool to the power supply. 3.1.9working head
The general term for working tools and clamping mechanisms (such as the combination of drill chuck and drill bit, square sample and sleeve, grinding wheel and flange, etc.). 3.1.10working tool
Replaceable tool for directly processing the workpiece. Such as the drill bit of an electric drill, the socket of an electric wrench, the saw chain of an electric chain saw, the grinding wheel of an electric grinder, etc.
Fixture
A mechanism for clamping and fixing working tools.
Power circuitpower circuit
A circuit containing generators, transformers, distribution lines or electrical equipment. 243
3.1.13Control circuitcontrol circuitGB/T 2900.28—94
Auxiliary circuit used to control electrical equipment. 3.1.14Control devicecontrol deviceA device that is operated by hand to control the function of a tool, such as a push button switch, a selector switch, etc. 3.2Safety
3.2.1Protective deviceprotective deviceA device that prevents possible mechanical damage to the human body during normal use. Such as protective covers, protective rings and similar objects. 3.2.2Live partlivepart
A conductor or conductive part at normal use voltage. Note: Live parts also include neutral conductive parts connected to them. 3.2.3 Basic insulation Basic insulation Insulation on live parts that provides basic protection against electric shock. 3.2.4 Supplementary insulation Supplementary insulation Independent insulation used outside basic insulation to prevent electric shock in the event of damage to basic insulation. 3.2.5 Double insulation Double insulation Insulation that has both basic insulation and supplementary insulation. 3.2.6 Reinforced insulation Reinforced insulation A separate insulating structure with the same degree of protection as double insulation. Note: The term "insulating structure" does not mean that the insulation must be of the same type. It can be composed of several insulating layers that cannot be tested separately like basic insulation or supplementary insulation.
3.2.7 Creepage distance Creepage distance The shortest distance along the surface of the insulating material between two conductive parts. In power tools, it also refers to the shortest distance along the surface of the insulating material between the conductive part and the tool interface. Clearance
The shortest straight-line distance between two conductive parts. In power tools, it also refers to the shortest straight-line distance between the conductive part and the tool interface. This distance is measured through the air.
3.2.9 Distance through insulation The minimum straight-line distance between two metal parts in a tool that are separated by supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation. 3.2.10 Extra-low voltage When the tool is running at rated voltage, the voltage from the power supply and the voltage between the wires in the tool and between the wires and the ground shall not exceed 42V. For a three-phase power supply, the voltage between the wires and the neutral line shall not exceed 24V. Extra-low voltage circuits are isolated from other circuits only by basic insulation. 3.2.11 Safety extra-low voltage (SELV) In a circuit that is isolated from the power supply line by a safety isolating transformer or a converter with independent windings, the effective value of the AC voltage between the conductors or between any conductor and the ground does not exceed 50V. For a three-phase power supply, the voltage between the wires and the neutral line shall not exceed 29V. For power tools, these two voltage limits are no-load values. 3.2.12 Safety isolating transformer A transformer that supplies tools, other equipment and distribution circuits with safe extra-low voltage. Its input winding and output winding are electrically isolated by insulation equivalent to at least double insulation or reinforced insulation. 3.2.13 Provision for earthing A combination of parts in a tool for connecting and fixing a grounding core wire or a grounding pin. 244
4 Technical parameters and tests
4.1 Technical parameters
4.1.1 Normal load
normal load
GB/T2900.28-
refers to the load applied to the power tool, the stress caused by which the power tool is equivalent to the stress occurring under the prescribed conditions of use.
4.7.2 Impact energy
Impact energy
The energy possessed by the impact body of an impact tool when it reaches the working position under prescribed conditions. 4.2 Tests
4.2.1 Pin check
To prevent accidental contact with exposed live parts of Class I power tools, use the test probe shown in Figure 2 to check the gaps on Class I tools.
4.2.2 Earthing system checkFigure 2
Dimensions in mm
Check the reliability of the grounding system of Class I tools in accordance with the relevant standards for power tools. 4.2.3 Endurance testA test conducted on power tools under specified conditions, including specific operations taken within a certain period of time to achieve a certain purpose.
4.2.4 Overspeed test
Over speed test
A test to check the operating state of a power tool when the motor exceeds a specified speed - a fixed value. 4.2.5 Over torque test
Over torque test
A test to check the operating state of a power tool when the motor exceeds a certain value of the rated torque. 4.2.6 Impact test
A test to test the mechanical strength of the power tool against rough operation by impacting the power tool against a rigid wall under specified conditions. 4.2.7 Impact strength testA test to test the weak points of the power tool housing using a specified impact tester to test the mechanical strength of the power tool housing.
4.2.8 Flexible cable cord pull and torsion testA test to pull and twist the non-detachable flexible cable or cord fixedly installed on the power tool to test the connection reliability of the flexible cable or cord.
GB/T 2900.28—94
4.2.9 Flexible cable or cord and guard bending testA test to bend the non-detachable flexible cable or cord fixedly installed on the power tool and its sheath to test the anti-bending performance.
4.2.10 Ball-pressure test Ball-pressure test A test to examine the heat resistance of the structural material of electric tools by using a ball-pressure tester of a certain mass to press into the surface of non-metallic and non-ceramic materials at a certain temperature and for a certain period of time under the conditions specified in the standard. 5 Others
5.1 Controller for electric tool A device that controls the mechanical quantities, working sequence and operation mode by controlling the electrical parameters of the electric tool. 5.2 Leakage protector for electric tool A device that automatically cuts off the power supply when a leakage current that endangers the safety of the operator occurs during use of the electric tool. 5.3 Radio and television interference suppressor A combination of components used to suppress the interference of electric tools to radio and television. 246
Safety isolating transformer
Safety extra low voltage
Non-detachable parts
Non-detachable flexible cable or cord
Overspeed test
Impact wrench
Impact drill
Impact energy
Impact strength test
Magnetic drill
Live parts
Electric wrench
Electric punching shears
Electric cloth cutting machine
Electric tea picking shears
Electric grass shears||tt| |Electric scraper
Electric rust remover
Electric hammer drill
Electric band saw
Electric knife saw·
Electric carpet shears
Electric engraving machine
Electric nailing machine
Electric steel bar cutting machine
Controller for electric tools
Leakage protector for electric tools
Electric tools
Electric tapping machine
Electric bone drill
Electric scraper·
Electric pipe cleaning machine·
GB/T 2900.28-94
Chinese index
Electric weld beveling machine
Electric compactor··
Electric concrete slotting machine·
Electric concrete vibrator．
Electric shearing machine
Electric angle grinder
Electric pruning machine
Electric pipe saw
Electric curling machine
Electric rivet gun
Electric grain support machine
..·2.5.2
Electric screwdriver
Electric wood slotting machine
Electric woodworking sharpener
Electric wood drill
Electric wood milling machine
Electric self-climbing pipe saw·
Electric polisher
Electric jig saw
Electric sander
Electric grinding wheel machine
Electric wet grinder
Electric stone cutting machine
Electric hole machine
Electric threading machine
Electric pipe bender:
Electric reciprocating saw
Electric miter saw·
Electric profile cutting machine·
Electric sternum saw
Electric hoof trimmer
Electric pruning shears
Electric dental drill
Electric rock drill
Electric tube expander
Electric brick wall slotting machine
Electric scissors
Electric chain saw
Electric spray gun
+... 2. 3. 4
Electric clearance
Circular saw
Power supply circuit
Constant torque wrench
Short-time operation power tool
Intermittent operation power tool
Multi-purpose power tool
Protective device
Supplementary insulation
Working head
Overtorque test
Concrete drill
Basic insulation
Reinforced insulation
Clamping mechanism·
Angle drill||tt| |Grounding system inspection
Grounding device
Metal cased Class I electric tools
Insulation penetration distance
Insulated cased Class II electric tools
Removable parts
Removable flexible cable or cord
Accessible parts or accessible surfaces
Portable electric tools
Control circuits·
Control devices
Continuously running electric tools
Coal drill
GB/T 2900.28—94
: 3.1.12
Electric grinder for molds
Durability test
Internal wiring
...2.1.13
Fertilizer distance
Ball pressure test
Tensile and torsion test of flexible cable or cord
Flexible cable or cord and sheath bending test
Flexible shaft drive power tools
Plaster shears
Plaster saws
Hand-held power tools
Hand-held electric beveling machines
Double-edged shears
Double insulation
Plastic welding guns·
Probe inspection
Extra-low voltage·
Universal drills
Radio and television interference suppressors
Rock drills
Sleeper picks
Normal load
Direct drive power tools
..3.1.5
. 2.1.2
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