This standard is applicable to engineering surveying and related fields. This standard specifies the basic terms commonly used in engineering surveying. Terms involving other professions should comply with the provisions of other relevant standards. GB/T 50228-1996 Basic terminology standard for engineering surveying GB/T50228-1996 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T50228—96
Standard for foundational terminology of engineering survey
1996-06-05
1996-10-01
State Bureau of Technical Supervision
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
Engineering construction standard full-text information system
Jointly issued
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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Standard for foundational terminology of engineering survey
Standard for foundational terminology of engineering survey
GB/T50228—96
Editor department: China National Nonferrous Metals Industry CorporationApproval department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of ChinaEffective date: October 1, 1996
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Notice on the Release of National Standard
"Standard for Basic Terminology of Engineering Survey"Jianbiao [1996] No. 336
According to the requirements of the State Planning Commission's Document No. Jizonghe [1991] 290, the "Standard for Basic Terminology of Engineering Survey" jointly formulated by China National Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation and relevant departments has been reviewed by relevant departments. The "Standard for Basic Terminology of Engineering Survey" GB/T50228—96 is now approved as a recommended national standard and will be implemented on October 1, 1996. This standard is managed by China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation, and the specific interpretation and other work is undertaken by China Nonferrous Metals Industry Xi'an Survey Institute. The publication and distribution is organized by the Standard and Quota Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction.
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
June 5, 1996
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2 General Terms
Control Measurement
General Terms
3.2 Point Selection, Marking and Burying of Stones
Angle Measurement
Distance Measurement
Height Measurement
Topographic Survey
General TermsbzxZ.net
Map Control Survey
Topographic Mapping
Water Area Survey
Route Surveying.
General terms
5.2 Surveying of railways and highways...
5.3 Surveying of other lines
Construction surveying
General terms
Construction control network
6.3 Stakeout of building construction
6.4 Compilation and measurement of completion drawings
Deformation measurement
General terms
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·(11)
·(19)
（30)
（31)
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7.2 Monitoring network
7.3 Displacement measurement
Aerial photogrammetry
General terms
8.2 Aerial photography and photo processing
Photo control measurement and mapping
Analytical aerial triangulation
Stereo mapping and photo plan
9 Ground photogrammetry
Non-topographic photogrammetry
Engineering remote sensing
General terms
11.2 Image processing.
Digital terrain model
Analysis and processing of observation data
Mapping and replication Appendix A English-Chinese Index Additional Notes Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System (ETSI) (42) (48) (58) (65) (67) (105) W. Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System 1 General Principles 1.0.1 This standard is formulated to unify the terms and definitions of engineering surveying, to achieve the standardization of professional terms, to facilitate technical exchanges at home and abroad, and to promote the development of engineering surveying. 2 This standard is applicable to engineering surveying and related fields. 1.0.2 1.0.3 This standard specifies the basic terms commonly used in engineering surveying. Terms involving other professions shall comply with the provisions of other relevant standards. Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
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General Terms
2.0.1 Geodesy and cartography; surveying and mapping
A discipline that studies the acquisition, processing, description and application of geographic information. Its contents include the study, determination and description of the shape, size, gravity field, surface morphology and their various changes of the earth, the determination of the spatial position and attributes of natural and artificial objects and artificial facilities, the preparation of various maps and the establishment of relevant information systems. 2.0.2 Engineering Surveying engineering survey Various surveying work carried out in the survey, design, construction and operation management stages of engineering construction, applying the theories and techniques of surveying and mapping. 2.0.3 Precision Engineering Surveying precise engineering survey The equipment and instruments used have an absolute accuracy of millimeters and a relative accuracy of 10-5 for precise positioning and deformation observation. 2.0.4 Photogrammetry
Measurement work that uses photographic image information to determine the shape, size, properties, spatial position and mutual relationship of the target object.
2.0.5 Engineering photogrammetry engineeringphotogrammetry Various photogrammetry work carried out in the survey and design, construction and operation management stages of engineering construction.
2.0.6 Meridian
meridian
The intersection of the plane passing through a certain point on the ground and including the north and south poles of the earth and the earth's surface is also called the meridian.
2.0.7 Central meridian
centralmeridian
The meridian in the center of each projection zone in the map projection. 2.0.8 Arbitrarycentralmeridian Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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Choose an arbitrary meridian as the central meridian of a certain area. 9 Meridian convergence angle gridconvergence; meridianconvergence2.0.9
The angle between the meridians of two points on the ground with different longitudes. 2.0.10 Gauss-Kruegerprojection The central meridian of the map projection zone is projected as a straight line with a constant length, the equatorial projection is a straight line, and the two lines are orthogonal to the equiangular cross-section elliptical cylinder projection. 2.0.11 Gauss-Krueger plane rectangular coordinate system
A plane rectangular coordinate system established based on the Gauss-Krueger projection. 2.0.12 Independent coordinate systemindependentcoordinatesystemA plane rectangular coordinate system with an arbitrarily selected origin and coordinate axes. 2.0.13 Architecture coordinate systemarchitecturecoordinatesystemA plane rectangular coordinate system with a coordinate axis in a certain geometric relationship with the main axis of the building. 2.0.14 Coordinate transformation coordinatetransformation The process of converting the coordinates of a point from one coordinate system to another. 2.0.15 Elevation elevation; height
The vertical distance from a ground point to the elevation datum. 2.0.16 Elevation datum heightdatum
The elevation of the level origin determined by the starting surface determined by the average sea level of a specific tide gauge station.
2.0.17 1985 National Height Datum National Height Datum 1985 The elevation of the level origin determined by the average sea level calculated based on the tide gauge data of Qingdao Tide Gauge Station from 1952 to 1979 was promulgated by the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation in 1987 as my country's unified measurement elevation datum.
2.0.18Assumed height assumedheight
The height determined by the assumed height benchmark. 2.0.19OnceestablishmentcontrolnetworkAll control points are laid out at once into a surveying control network of the same level and uniform adjustment.
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2.0.20Control pointcontrolpoint
A fixed point with control accuracy whose geometric, astronomical and gravity data are measured with a certain accuracy to provide a basis for further measurement and other scientific and technological work. Including plane control points and elevation control points.
gsurveyingcontrolnetwork
2.0.21Surveying control network
A network composed of interconnected control points in a certain geometric shape, referred to as a control network.
2.0.22Baselinebaseline
In triangulation and photogrammetry, the basic length used to obtain surveying and mapping information. 2.0.23Standard deviationstandarddeviationThe square root of the mathematical expectation of the square of random error, also known as mean error or root mean square error. 2.0.24Accurate erroraccidenterror;randomerrorA measurement error in which the error size and sign are uncertain in a series of observations under certain observation conditions, but conforms to certain statistical laws, is also called a random error. 2.0.25Systematic errorsystematicerrorA measurement error in which the error size and sign remain unchanged or change according to certain laws in a series of observations under certain observation conditions. 2.0.26Grosserror
A measurement error in which the error exceeds the limit specified by the standard deviation in a series of observations under certain observation conditions.
2.0.27RedundantobservationAn additional observation beyond the minimum number required to determine the unknown quantity. Engineering 4 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Control Survey
General Terms
3.1.1 Control Survey controlsurvey
Surveying work carried out to establish a survey control network. Including plane control survey, elevation control survey and three-dimensional control survey.
3.1.2 Gauss projection plane Gaussprojectionplane The projection expansion surface of the earth ellipsoid determined by the Gauss projection formula. 3.1.3 Geoid geoid
A gravity equipotential surface that coincides with the ocean surface in a state of fluid static equilibrium without disturbances caused by waves, tides, currents and atmospheric pressure changes and extends to the continent. 3.1.4 Projection datum plane with compensation effect
The elevation surface determined to compensate the Gauss projection length correction on the ground and the correction converted to the datum surface.
3.1.5 Surface of reference ellipsoid The surface of an ellipsoid that is close to the size and shape of the earth and is used to process geodetic results and is used for positioning.
3.1.6 Radius of curvature in a normal section The radius of curvature of the normal section at a point on the surface of the earth's ellipsoid. 3.1.7 Scale error of Gauss projection The cylindrical surface is tangent to the ellipsoid at the central meridian, and its length is not deformed, while the projection length at any other point is changed.
3.1.8 Zone-dividing of Gauss projection The surface of the earth's ellipsoid is divided into several projection areas according to a certain meridian difference, referred to as projection zones.
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3.1.9 Arbitrary Zone
A projection zone with an arbitrary central meridian and arbitrary bandwidth. 3.1.10 Radius of curvature in primevertical The largest radius of curvature among the normal intercepts of a point on the surface of the earth. 3.1.11 Radius of curvature in meridian The smallest radius of curvature among the normal intercepts of a point on the surface of the earth. 3.1.12 Mean radius of curvature The arithmetic mean of the radii of curvature of an infinite number of normal intercepts at a point on the surface of the earth.
NAVSTARglobalpositioning
NAVSTARglobalpositioningsystem
system(GPS)
Aglobalsatellitenavigationpositioningsystemthatusesmultiplesatellitesandreceiverstodeterminethethree-dimensionalcoordinatesofspaceorgroundpointsonaglobalscale. 3.1.14HorizontalcontrolnetworkAsurveyingandcontrolnetworkcomposedofinterconnectedplanecontrolpointsonareferenceplane.
HorizontalcontrolsurveyThemeasurementworktodeterminetheplanecoordinatesofthecontrolpoints. 3.1.16HorizontalcontrolpointAcontrolpointwithplanecoordinates.
3.1.17OptimaldesignofcontrolnetworkAnetworkselectionmethodusingmodernscienceandtechnicalmeansandoneormoreobjectivefunctionstoselecttheoptimalnetwork.
Triangulation
A method of measuring the plane position of each vertex by selecting a series of points on the ground to form a continuous triangle, measuring the horizontal angle of each vertex of the triangle, and determining the plane position of each vertex through data processing based on the starting side length, azimuth and starting point coordinates.
3.1.19 Triangulation network triangulation network A measurement control network established by the method of triangulation. Construction Standard Full-text Information System for Type 6 Engineering
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3.1.20 Triangulation chain A measurement control network formed by a series of connected triangles. 3.1.21 Linear triangulation chain A triangulation lock with both ends attached to a high-level control point is referred to as a linear lock. 3.1.22 Linear triangulation network linear triangulation network A measurement control network formed by connecting linear triangulation locks attached to more than three high-level control points is referred to as a linear network.
3.1.23 Triangulation point A series of vertices of triangles connected to each other are selected on the ground during triangulation.
Trilateration
A method of measuring the length of the sides of a triangle to determine the plane position of each point in the network. 5 Angle measurement
triangulateration; combination of triangulation and trilateration A method of measuring the plane position of each vertex by combining triangulation and trilateration.
Traverse survey
traverse survey; traversing
A method of measuring the plane position of each point by selecting a series of points on the ground according to certain requirements and connecting them in adjacent order, and measuring the length of the sides and turning angles of each line segment, and then determining the plane position of each point based on the starting data.
3.1.27 Traverse control network
Jtraverse network
A measurement control network established by traverse surveying. 3.1.28 Attached traverse connecting traverse; annexed traverse A single traverse starting and ending between two known points. 3.1.29 Closed traverse closed traverse A closed traverse starting and ending at the same known point. 3.1.30 Traverse point
A control point determined by traverse measurement. 3.1.31 Encrypted control network densifiedcontrolnetwork engineering construction standard full text information system
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