This standard specifies the general safety requirements for mechanical processing equipment. This standard applies to metal cutting machine tools, forging equipment, casting equipment, welding equipment, and lifting equipment. GB 12266-1990 General safety requirements for mechanical processing equipment GB12266-1990 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General safety requirements for machining equipment
General safety requirements
for machining facilities
Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the general safety requirements for machining equipment. This standard applies to metal cutting machine tools, forging equipment, casting equipment, welding equipment, and lifting equipment. 2 Reference standards
Safety colors
GB 2893bZxz.net
GB 2894
Safety signs
Fixed industrial protective railings
GB 4053. 3
Fixed industrial steel platforms
GB 4053.4
GB4064Guidelines for safety design of electrical equipment
GB5083
General principles for safety and health design of production equipment
GB6527.2Guidelines for the use of safety colors
. Safety requirements for protective covers of mechanical equipment
GB 8196
GB 8197
Safety requirements for protective screens
GB12265 Safety distances for mechanical protection
3 Terms
3.1 Processing area
The area where the workpieces are placed on the machine for processing. 3.2 Safety protection devices
All devices installed on the equipment to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. 3.3 Dangerous area
The area of ​​the equipment where injuries may occur. 3.4 Working surface height
The distance between the plane on which the operator stands and the plane of the operator's hands or forearms during operation. 3.5 Emergency stop switch
Control switch that can quickly stop the operation of equipment or working parts in case of danger Requirements for main structure
GB 12266-90
General requirements
Mechanical processing equipment must have sufficient strength, rigidity, stability, safety factor and life to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment 4.2 Materials
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on February 10, 1990 40
Implementation on October 1, 1990
GB 12266-90
The materials used in the mechanical processing equipment itself shall meet the safety and health requirements. Materials that are harmful to the human body and materials that have not been inspected for safety and health are not allowed to be used.
4.3 Appearance
The appearance and structure of the mechanical processing equipment should be as flat and smooth as possible, avoiding sharp corners and edges. 4.4 Processing area
4.4.1Effective protective measures should be taken for equipment in the processing area that is prone to injury accidents. 4.4.2 Protective measures should ensure that any part of the operator's body cannot enter the danger zone when the equipment is in operation, or ensure that the equipment cannot be operated or emergency braked when entering the danger zone. 4.4.3 Mechanical processing equipment should adopt the following protective measures separately or simultaneously: a. Completely fixed or semi-fixed enclosed cover;
Mechanical or electrical barriers;
Mechanical or electrical interlocking devices;
Automatic or semi-automatic feeding and discharging devices;
Hand limiters, hand release devices;
Mechanical or electrical two-hand release devices;
Automatic or manual emergency stop devices;
Devices that limit dangerous travel, feeding or feeding; Devices to prevent misoperation or misoperation;
Warning or alarm devices;
Other protective measures.
4.5 Moving parts
4.5.1 All moving parts that are prone to cause injury accidents should be closed or shielded, or other protective measures should be taken to prevent operators from contacting them. 4.5.2 Based on the plane where the operator stands, all kinds of transmission devices with a height of less than 2m must be equipped with protective devices, and material transmission devices and belt transmission devices with a height of more than 2m should be equipped with protective devices. 4.5.3 To avoid squeezing injuries, the distance between linear motion parts or between linear motion parts and stationary parts must comply with the provisions of Article 4.2 of GB12265.
4.5.4 Mechanical processing equipment should be equipped with reliable limit devices as required. 4.5.5 Mechanical processing equipment must be equipped with overload safety devices for parts that may be damaged due to overload. 4.5.6 High-speed rotating moving parts should undergo necessary static or dynamic balance tests. 4.5.7 Moving parts with inertial collision must take reliable buffering measures to prevent injuries caused by inertia. 4.6 Working position
4.6.1 The working position of the machining equipment shall be safe and reliable, and shall ensure that the operator's head, hands, arms, legs and feet have sufficient space for activities that meet psychological and physiological requirements.
4.6.2 The height of the working surface of the machining equipment shall meet the requirements of ergonomics. a.
The height of the sitting working surface shall be between 700 and 850 mm. b. The height of the standing or standing-sitting working surface shall be between 800 and 1000 mm. 4.6.3 Machining equipment shall preferably use easily adjustable work chairs, see Appendix A (reference), to increase the comfort of the operator and facilitate operation.
4.6.4 The working position of the machining equipment shall ensure the safety of the operator. The platform and passage shall be non-slip. Pedals and handrails shall be provided when necessary. The platform and handrails shall comply with the provisions of GB4053.4 and GB4053.3. 4.6.5 The machining equipment shall be equipped with local lighting devices with safe voltage. 4.7 Emergency stop device
4.7.1 Mechanical processing equipment must be equipped with an emergency stop device if the following conditions exist. 41
GB 12266—90
a. When a danger occurs, the equipment cannot be quickly stopped by controlling the switch to terminate the danger; b. Several motion units that can cause danger cannot be quickly interrupted by a main switch; other dangers may occur due to the cutting off of a certain unit; c
d. All the controls cannot be seen on the control console. 4.7.2 Mechanical processing equipment that needs to be equipped with an emergency stop device should be equipped with an emergency stop device at each operating position and where it is needed. 4.8 Protection against harmful substances
Mechanical processing equipment should have devices for handling and protecting against harmful substances such as dust, poison, smoke, flash, radiation, etc., and the standard should not be exceeded during use.
4.9 Noise
The noise index of mechanical processing equipment should be lower than 85dB(A). 4.10 Fire and explosion prevention
Mechanical processing equipment shall adopt fire and explosion prevention technical measures according to the use conditions and environmental requirements. 4.11 Electrical devices
Electrical devices of mechanical processing equipment shall be implemented in accordance with GB4064. 5 Requirements for control mechanisms
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Mechanical processing equipment shall be equipped with protective devices to prevent danger caused by accidental start-up. 5.1.2 The control circuit shall ensure that there is no danger even if the circuit is damaged. 5.1.3 Automatic or semi-automatic control systems must ensure that the possibility of accidental danger is eliminated in the functional sequence, or reliable protective devices must be installed.
5.1.4 When the power supply of the equipment is accidentally cut off, the braking and clamping actions shall not be interrupted, and the equipment shall not start automatically when the power supply is reconnected. 5.1.5 For equipment with greater danger, monitoring devices should be configured as much as possible. 5.2 Display
5.2.1 The display should be accurate, simple and reliable. 5.2.2 The performance, form, quantity and size of the display and the scale on the dial should be suitable for the information characteristics and human perception characteristics. 5.2.3 The arrangement of the display should take into account the following principles: the most commonly used and most important visual display should be arranged in the position that is most convenient for the operator to observe as much as possible; a.
The display should be arranged according to functional areas, and there should be obvious differences between areas; the visual display should be as close as possible to reduce the field of view; the arrangement of the visual display should be suitable for human visual habits (that is, the priority is from left to right and from top to bottom). d.
5.2.4 The display of the display should be compatible with the adjustment direction of the controller and the movement direction of the moving parts. 5.2.5 The display of danger signals should stand out from other signals in terms of signal strength, form, accuracy, contrast, etc. Generally, dual visual and auditory displays should be used as a priority.
5.3 Controllers
5.3.1 The arrangement of controllers for machining equipment should take into account the following principles: Controllers should be arranged according to the frequency of operation; a.
Controllers should be arranged according to their importance; Controllers should be arranged according to their functional divisions;
Controllers should be arranged according to their operating sequence and logical relationship; d.
The arrangement of controllers should be suitable for people's usage habits. Controllers should be easy for operators to identify their purpose by spacing, shape, color or touch, image symbols, etc. 5.3.2
5.3.3 The controller should be interlocked with the safety protection device so that the equipment operation and the safety protection device can work at the same time. 42
GB 12266—90
5.3.4 The layout of the controller should be suitable for the physiological characteristics of the human body. 5.3.5 The operating force of the controller should be suitable for the biomechanical requirements of the human body. 5.3.6 For mechanical processing equipment operated by two or more people, the controller should have an interlocking device to avoid danger caused by uncoordinated operation of multiple people.
5.3.7 The position of the control switch should generally not be set in a position where it will misoperate. 6 Requirements for protective devices
6.1 Safety protection devices
6.1.1 The safety protection device should have a simple structure and a reasonable layout, and should not have sharp edges and flanges. 6.1.2 The safety protection device should have sufficient reliability and have sufficient strength, rigidity, stability, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance within the specified service life to ensure safety.
6.1.3 The safety protection device should be interlocked with the equipment operation to ensure that the equipment cannot operate before the safety protection device is activated. 6.1.4 The materials of the safety protection covers, screens, and fences, as well as the distance to the operating parts, shall be implemented in accordance with GB8196 and GB8197. 6.1.5 Photoelectric, inductive and other safety protection devices should be equipped with alarm devices in case of failure. 6.2 Emergency stop switch
6.2.1 The emergency stop switch should ensure that all movement of the equipment can be terminated when it is instantly actuated. For equipment with inertial movement, the emergency stop switch should be interlocked with the brake or clutch to quickly terminate the operation. 6.2.2 The shape of the emergency stop switch should be different from that of the general control switch, and its color should be red. 6.2.3 The layout of the emergency stop switch should ensure that it is easy for the operator to access and no danger occurs. 6.2.4 After the equipment is stopped by the emergency stop switch, it must be restarted in the starting sequence before it can be put into operation again. 7 Requirements for inspection and maintenance
7.1 General requirements
Mechanical processing equipment must ensure that no danger or harm occurs during transportation, handling, installation, use, disassembly, and maintenance in accordance with regulations. 7.2 Center of gravity
For equipment with an offset center of gravity and large components, the center of gravity position or hoisting position should be marked to ensure the safety of equipment installation. 7.3 Daily maintenance
The refueling and daily inspection of mechanical processing equipment are generally not allowed to enter the danger zone. 7.4 Maintenance in the danger zone
If the inspection and maintenance of mechanical processing equipment needs to be carried out in the danger zone, reliable protective measures must be taken to prevent danger. 7.5 Openings for maintenance parts
The parts of mechanical processing equipment that need to be entered for maintenance should have openings that meet the requirements of human body measurement dimensions. 8 Others
8.1 Safety signs and safety colors
The parts of mechanical processing equipment that are prone to danger should be equipped with safety signs or painted with safety colors to remind operators to pay attention. Safety signs and safety colors shall be implemented in accordance with GB2894.GB2893 and GB6527.2. 8.2 Signs
The signs of mechanical processing equipment should indicate the main parameters for safe use. 8.3 Technical documents
The technical documents of mechanical processing equipment should include the safety performance of the equipment, safety precautions and safety requirements for maintenance. 43
GB12266-90
Appendix A
Requirements for work chairs
(reference)
A1 The size, shape and adjustability of the work chair should be determined according to the working position and work tasks. A2 The height of the backrest should be able to be adjusted to the waist concave part of the supporter, which is equivalent to the height of the 4th to 5th lumbar vertebrae of the human body. A3 Seating plane
A3.1 The height of the seating plane should be adjustable so that the angle between the thigh and the lower leg is less than 90° after the entire foot is placed on the ground or on the footrest. The seating plane should support 3/4 of the total length from the buttocks to the thigh, and the front edge of the seat should not touch the lower leg. A3.2 Angle of inclination of the seating plane
If the sitting posture is frequently changed, the seating plane should be adjusted to be horizontal. If the sitting posture is tilted backward, the seating plane should be tilted backward by no more than 6°. A4 Armrests
The armrests should be adjustable so that the forearm has as large a resting area as possible, and the height of the armrests should be adjusted to the lower edge of the elbow when the upper arm is naturally drooping in the sitting position.
Additional remarks:
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Labor of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by the Hubei Institute of Labor Protection Science and Technology. The main drafters of this standard are Ruan Zaiyi and Lu Hanhua. 44
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