Configuration requirements for multimodal transport facilities and equipments of finished vehicle logistics
other information
drafter:Zhang Xiaodong, Ma Zengrong, Wang Pei, Zuo Xinyu, Zhang Jinshu, Lang Maoxiang, Chen Qifeng, Zhi Daqing, Zou Xiaoqiang, Luo Chunlong, Wan Nianyong, Liu Dechen, Jiao Zhenzhen, Yang Zhou, Deng Bin, Shen Runxiang, Ren Yuxuan, Li Haiying, Miao Jianrui, Li Xin, Zeng Rubing, Kang Fuquan, Liu Jie, Wang Zhiting
Drafting unit:Beijing Jiaotong University, China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, SAIC Anji Logistics Co., Ltd., Beijing Changjiu Logistics Co., Ltd., FAW Logistics Co., Ltd., Fengshen Logistics Co., Ltd., Chongqing Changan Minsheng Logistics Co., Ltd., Bei
Focal point unit:National Logistics Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 269)
Proposing unit:National Logistics Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 269)
Publishing department:State Administration for Market Regulation National Standardization Administration
Some standard content:
ICS03.220.01
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T39448—2020
Configuration requirements for multimodal transport facilities andequipments of finished vehicle logistics
Configuration requirements for multimodal transport facilities andequipments of finished vehicle logistics2020-11-19Release
State Administration for Market Regulation
National Administration of Standardization
2021-06-01Implementation
Normative reference documents
Terms and definitions
Overall requirements
Facility configuration requirements
General requirements
Connection facilities
Supporting facilities
6 Equipment configuration requirements Request
Transportation equipment
Loading and unloading equipment
Fixed devices
Other supporting equipment
7 Information management system configuration requirements
Information system
Information equipment
References·
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GB/T39448—2020
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1—2009. This standard was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Logistics Standardization (SAC/TC269). GB/T39448—2020
Drafting units of this standard: Beijing Jiaotong University, China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, SAIC Anji Logistics Co., Ltd., Beijing Changjiu Logistics Co., Ltd., FAW Logistics Co., Ltd., Fengshen Logistics Co., Ltd., Chongqing Changan Minsheng Logistics Co., Ltd., Beijing Putian Logistics Co., Ltd., Zhongdu Logistics Co., Ltd., Zhonglian Logistics (China) Co., Ltd., and Beijing Trend Zhongke Logistics Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard: Zhang Xiaodong, Ma Zengrong, Wang Pei, Zuo Xinyu, Zhang Jinshu, Lang Maoxiang, Chen Qifeng, Zhi Daqing, Zou Xiaoqiang, Luo Chunlong Wannianyong, Liu Dechen, Jiao Zhenzhen, Yang Zhou, Deng Bin, Shen Runxiang, Ren Yuxuan, Li Haiying, Miao Jianrui, Li Xin, Zeng Rubing, Kang Fuquan, Liu Jie, Wang Zhitingm
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1 Scope
Requirements for configuration of facilities and equipment for intermodal transport of finished vehicle logistics
GB/T39448—2020
This standard specifies the overall requirements, facility configuration requirements, equipment configuration requirements, and information system configuration requirements for the configuration of facilities and equipment for intermodal transport of finished vehicle logistics.
This standard applies to the planning, selection and configuration of facilities and equipment used in the multimodal transport of commercial passenger cars, and does not apply to the multimodal transport of complete vehicle containers.
Normative referenced documents
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For any referenced document with a date, only the version with the date applies to this document. For any referenced document without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document GB1589
Overall dimensions, axle loads and mass limits of automobiles, trailers and automobile trains GB/T5600
GB/T26774
GB50014
GB50015
GB50016
GB50034
GB50057
GB50067
GB 50582
Terms and definitions
General technical conditions for railway freight cars
General technical conditions for vehicle transporters
Design specifications for outdoor drainage
Design standards for water supply and drainage of buildings
Design fire protection specifications for buildings
Design standards for architectural lighting
Design specifications for lightning protection of buildings
Design fire protection specifications for garages, repair garages and parking lotsDesign standards for outdoor work area lighting
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1
Finished vehicle
Finished vehicle
A fully assembled vehicle.
[GB/T31152—2014.Definition 3.1.1]
Multimodal transport
multimodaltransport
The multimodal transport operator is entrusted by the consignor, consignee or passenger to realize the whole-course transportation of two or more modes of transport for the entrusting party and provide related transportation logistics auxiliary services. [GB/T18354—2006.Definition 3.11]
Vehicle transporter
cartransporter
Equipped with a cargo platform for loading and fixing vehicles and a ramp for vehicles to get on and off, trucks, trailers and trains specially designed for transporting passenger cars1
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GB/T39448—2020
Special vehicles.
[GB/T26774—2016.Definition 3.1]
Special vehicle for double-deck transportSpecial vehicle for double-deck transportDouble-deck special truck used for railway transportation of complete vehicles. Note: Rewrite GB/T31152—2014, definition 5.73.5
roll on roll off/ro-ro
The operation method of loading and unloading passenger cars using the vehicle's own power. 3.6
Ro-ro vessel
ro-ro vessel
A ship that allows cargo units to be loaded and unloaded in a roll-on/roll-off manner. [GB/T31152—2014.Definition 5.6]
Stub-end type platformStub-end type platform
A platform established at the end of a railway loading and unloading line. 3.8
Double-decked adjustable loading platformDouble-decked adjustable loading platform is used for upper and lower loading and unloading operations, with a two-layer and height-adjustable end platform. 3.9
E shuttle mini bus
A passenger vehicle that transfers self-driving drivers who move vehicles between different work sites. 3.10
Pontoon
A floating berthing facility in a port for berthing ships, loading and unloading, storing goods, and boarding and disembarking passengers, which is connected to the land by an approach bridge [GB/T8487-2010 definition 2.23]
Floating pier
Floating pier
A pier mainly composed of ships, positioning facilities, approach bridges, etc. LGB/T84872010. Definition 2.24
4 General requirements
The configuration of facilities and equipment should meet the needs of basic operations such as vehicle transportation, loading and unloading, storage, and handover, as well as the requirements of supporting services for production and life.
4.2 The configuration of facilities and equipment should meet the requirements of space connection, capacity matching, smooth process, and convenient operation when the multimodal transport of automobiles is converted between different modes of transportation.
3 The configuration of facilities and equipment should meet the requirements of safety, economy, efficiency, and environmental protection. 4.3
4.4 Intermodal transport facilities for complete vehicles can be divided into connection facilities and supporting facilities: Connection facilities should meet the operational needs of the complete vehicle from one mode of transport to another, and should include railway loading and unloading lines, railway platforms, vehicle transport vehicle loading and unloading sites, docks, handover buffer sites and storage sites, etc. Supporting facilities should meet the requirements of safety, efficiency and environmental protection of intermodal transport of complete vehicles and the office needs of staff, and should include lighting facilities, fire protection facilities, drainage facilities, lightning protection facilities, monitoring and security facilities, parking lots, charging areas, office facilities, etc. 4.5 Intermodal transport equipment for complete vehicles can be divided into transportation equipment, loading and unloading equipment, fixtures and other supporting equipment. 5
Facility configuration requirements
General requirements
5.1.1 The area of the intermodal transport area for finished vehicles should be determined based on the annual operation volume and forecast volume of finished vehicles, and should be selected and arranged based on factors such as land use planning, site topography, intermodal transport mode, operation flow line, management model, etc. 5.1.2 The design capacity of intermodal transport facilities for finished vehicles should match the capacity of the channels to which they are connected 5.2 Connection facilities
5.2.1 Spatial connection requirements
5.2.1.1 Basic configuration of connection facilities
For multimodal transport, the basic selection of connection facilities for new construction and renovation and expansion should meet the requirements of Table 1, and other connection facilities should refer to the requirements of Table 1.
Table 1 Basic configuration of connection facilities
Connection facilities
Railway loading and unloading line
Railway platform
Vehicle transport vehicle loading and unloading site
Transfer buffer site
Complete vehicle storage site
Highway-rail transport
Water-rail transport
Note: "√" means it must be selected, "O" means it can be selected according to the conditions, and "×" means it does not need to be selected. 5.2.1.2
Railway loading and unloading line
5.2.1.2.1
5.2.1.2.2
5.2.1.2.3
5.2.1.2.4
5.2.1.2.5
Highway-water combined transport
Railway loading and unloading lines should be arranged inside nodes such as automobile complete vehicle manufacturing plants, automobile complete vehicle distribution centers, and ports. Highway-rail-water combined transport
When two or more railway loading and unloading lines are configured, they should be arranged in parallel, and the distance between adjacent railway loading and unloading lines should be greater than or equal to 5.0m. When the railway loading and unloading line is arranged at the wharf, it should be arranged parallel or vertically to the wharf shoreline. A passage for on-site workers to pass should be set up next to the railway loading and unloading line. The plane curve radius of the railway loading and unloading line should be greater than or equal to 300m. 5.2.1.3
Railway Platform
5.2.1.3.1
5.2.1.3.2
5.2.1.3.3
5.2.1.3.4
Railway platforms should adopt end-type platforms. If conditions permit, double-layer adjustable loading and unloading platforms should be adopted. The height from the top surface of the railway platform edge to the rail surface should be 1.08m. The end of the railway platform should be equipped with a slope, and the slope ratio should be less than or equal to 1:7. Anti-skid measures should be taken on the slope. The turning point of the railway platform should meet the turning radius requirements of the whole vehicle. rKaeerKAca-
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5.2.1.4 Loading and unloading sites for vehicle transporters
5.2.1.4.1 The loading and unloading sites for vehicle transporters shall be adjacent to the storage sites for complete vehicles5.2.1.4.2 Fixed loading and unloading lanes shall be set up in the loading and unloading sites for vehicle transporters: loading and unloading lanes shall be arranged separately and in a centralized manner, and the directions and signs shall be unified
5.2.1.4.3 The loading and unloading sites for vehicle transporters shall meet the turning radius requirements for vehicles and equipment such as mid-axle vehicle transporters and semi-trailer trains. 5.2.1.4.4 A safe distance for vehicle operation shall be reserved between each loading and unloading lane5.2.1.5 Terminal
5.2.1.5.1Www.bzxZ.net
The ro-ro terminal shall be introduced into the railway loading and unloading line, and the storage site for complete vehicles or the handover buffer site shall be set up between the berth and the railway loading and unloading line. 5.2.1.5.2
The layout of the front area of the wharf should be able to meet the turning radius requirements of short-distance driver shuttles and other vehicles and equipment. 5.2.1.5.3 The approach bridge of the floating wharf should be connected to the vehicle storage site. 5.2.1.6 Handover buffer site
5.2.1.6.1 The handover buffer site should have the function of meeting the coordination of operating capabilities and smooth processes between various transportation modes. It can be set up separately or shared with the vehicle transport vehicle loading and unloading site and the vehicle storage site. 5.2.1.6.2 The handover buffer site should be arranged between the railway loading and unloading line, vehicle transport vehicle loading and unloading site, wharf berth and vehicle storage site. In the case of a floating wharf, the handover buffer site can be set up on board. 5.2.1.6.3 The handover buffer site should be arranged along the vehicle transport vehicle loading and unloading site and the wharf berth loading and unloading operation direction. 5.2.1.6.4 The handover buffer site should be arranged in parallel with the railway loading and unloading line. 5.2.1.7
Whole vehicle storage site
Whole vehicle storage site should be close to railway loading and unloading lines, vehicle transport vehicle loading and unloading sites, and terminal berths. 5.2.1.7.1
5.2.1.7.2 Whole vehicle storage site should meet the storage needs of whole vehicles arriving, dispatching and transshipping by road, rail and water. 5.2.1.7.3 Whole vehicle storage site should meet the requirements of flat or three-dimensional vertical storage of whole vehicles. 5.2.2 Capacity matching requirements
5.2.2.1 The connection facilities should be able to ensure the matching of operating capabilities between different facilities. 5.2.2.2 The capacity of the connection facilities should be determined based on the operating capacity per unit time and the maximum operating capacity at one time, and by factors such as the intermodal operation volume, operation duration, operation efficiency, operation fluctuation coefficient and site space limitations. 5.2.2.3 The effective length and number of railway loading and unloading lines should be determined by comprehensively considering factors such as the dedicated line operation mode, vehicle intermodal transport volume, arrival and departure fluctuation coefficient, the length of double-decker special vehicles, loading and unloading operation methods and efficiency, vehicle pick-up and delivery capabilities, and site space limitations. The relationship between the effective length and number of railway loading and unloading lines can be calculated according to formula (1): QXarXl
LI=T,xaXn,xc
Wherein:
Effective length of railway loading and unloading line, in meters (m); Q
Annual intermodal transport volume of complete vehicles, in units of units per year (units/year); Railway arrival and departure fluctuation coefficient;
Average length of freight carriages, in meters per carriage (meters/car); Ti
Average annual operating days of railway loading and unloading lines, in days per year (days/year); q
Average number of complete vehicles loaded per railway carriage per time, in units of units per carriage per unit/(car·times); nKaeerKAca-
Number of loading and unloading lines;
Average daily number of railway pick-up and delivery times, in units of times per day (times/day). GB/T39448—2020
5.2.2.4 The determination of the area of the vehicle transporter loading and unloading site should comprehensively consider factors such as the width, length and number of vehicle transporter loading and unloading lanes. The width of each loading and unloading lane should not be less than 4M, and the length should be determined based on the maximum number of vehicles that the vehicle transporter can load at a time: the number of loading and unloading lanes should be determined based on factors such as the intermodal transport volume of vehicles, the loading and unloading efficiency of vehicle transporters, and daily working hours. The area of the vehicle transporter loading and unloading site can be calculated according to formula (2):
Si=ZrXdixl
Where:
S is the area of the vehicle transporter loading and unloading site, in square meters (m); Z, is the number of vehicle transporter loading and unloading lanes; the width of the vehicle transporter loading and unloading lane, in meters (m); di
is the length of the vehicle transporter loading and unloading lane, in meters (m). Among them, the number of loading and unloading lanes can be calculated according to formula (3): QXaz Xti
Z/=T,XnXt2
Where:
Number of loading and unloading lanes for vehicle transport vehicles;
Annual intermodal transport volume of complete vehicles, in units of units per year (units/year): Highway arrival and departure fluctuation coefficient;
.. (2)
. (3)
The average time that each vehicle transport vehicle occupies for loading and unloading operations on each loading and unloading lane, in units of hours per vehicle (hours/vehicle); The average number of operating days per year for vehicle transport vehicle loading and unloading yards, in units of days per year (days/year); The number of complete vehicles loaded at each time by each vehicle transport vehicle on each loading and unloading lane, in units of units per vehicle (units/vehicle): The average daily working time of each loading and unloading lane, in units of hours per day (hours/day). 5 The determination of the number of terminal berths should take into account factors such as terminal operation mode, annual intermodal volume, operating days, port arrival fluctuation coefficient, loading and unloading operation mode and efficiency, port operation volume, etc., and can be calculated according to formula (4): P
Where:
Number of ro-ro terminal berths;
QXaaXts
TXq2Xt
Annual intermodal volume of complete vehicles, in units of units per year (units/year); Ro-ro ship arrival fluctuation coefficient;
Average port time of each Ro-ro ship, in hours per ship (hours/ship); Annual average number of berth operation days, Unit is day per year (day/year); average port operation volume of each ro-ro ship, unit is unit per ship (unit/ship); average daily working time of each berth, unit is hour per day (hour/day) (4)
The number of handover buffer sites should be determined by comprehensively considering factors such as the location relationship between functional areas and the sharing of other connecting facilities; the area configuration of the separately set handover buffer site should comprehensively consider factors such as the maximum single handover operation volume, handover operation efficiency and daily working hours, the number and area of handover lanes, etc. The width of each handover lane should be greater than or equal to 2.5m, and the length should be determined according to the integer multiple of the maximum single load of the vehicle transport vehicle. The area of the separately set handover buffer site can be calculated according to formula (5): Sz=Z2XdzXl
Where:
S2——handover buffer site area, unit is square meter (m2); Z.——Number of handover lanes;
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·(5)
GB/T39448—2020
d—Width of handover lane, in meters (m); l: Length of handover lane, in meters (m). The number of handover lanes can be calculated according to formula (6): 2
Where:
Number of handover lanes;
QiXaXts
Maximum single handover operation volume of handover buffer site, in units of units; Highway shipment fluctuation coefficient;
The average time occupied by handover operation on each handover lane, in hours (h); The maximum number of vehicles that can be handled at a single time on each handover lane, in units of units; The average daily working time of each handover lane, in hours (h). (6)
5.2.2.7 The area of the vehicle storage site should be determined by comprehensively considering factors such as the area of a single parking space, the total number of parking spaces, the parking space utilization coefficient and the storage method. The length of a single parking space should be greater than or equal to 5.5m: The width should be greater than or equal to 2.5m: The total number of parking spaces should be determined based on factors such as the storage volume of vehicles and the time the parking space is occupied. The area of the vehicle storage site can be calculated according to formula (7): Sa
Where:
(1-)n4
The area of the vehicle storage site, in square meters (m) E
Total number of parking spaces;
The area of a single parking space, in square meters per (m/unit); The ratio of the area of the operating channel to the area of the vehicle storage site: The number of vehicle storage layers.
The total number of parking spaces can be calculated according to formula (8): Qxβ×α;xt?
Where:
E——total number of parking spaces;
Annual intermodal transport volume of complete vehicles, in units of units per year (units/year); Storage coefficient, which refers to the ratio of the annual intermodal transport volume that needs to be stored; Storage fluctuation coefficient;
The time a single vehicle occupies a parking space, in units of days per vehicle (days/unit); The average number of operating days per year in the complete vehicle storage yard, in units of days per year (days/year). 5.2.3 Operation connection requirements
Each connection facility should be equipped with a passage that meets the needs of related vehicle traffic operations, and the width of the passage should be greater than 5m. 5.2.3.1
-(7)
.(8)
5.2.3.2 Parking spaces and lanes should be marked on the ground. Functional areas, passages and other facilities should be marked with location names, directions, driving requirements and other signs in conspicuous locations.
5.3 Supporting facilities
5.3.1 Lighting facilities should comply with the relevant provisions of GB50034 and GB50582. Firefighting facilities should comply with the relevant provisions of GB50016 and GB50067: Drainage facilities should comply with the relevant provisions of GB50014 and GB50015 5.3.2
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: Lightning protection facilities should comply with the relevant provisions of GB50057, 5.3.3 Monitoring and security facilities should be equipped with protective nets, entry and exit and fire doors, monitoring cameras, etc. GB/T39448—2020
5.3.4 Highway transport parking lots should meet the requirements for parking and passing of various types of vehicle transport vehicles: Highway transport parking lots should be set up near Tianmen and vehicle transport vehicle loading and unloading sites: Highway transport parking lots can be vertical, parallel and angled: The area configuration of highway transport parking lots should comprehensively consider factors such as the type and number of vehicle transport vehicles, parking form and time, and operation process. 5.3.5 Charging piles should be set up in the charging area, and a safe distance should be maintained from the vehicle storage site; the number of charging piles and the area configuration of the charging area should comprehensively consider factors such as the type and number of electric vehicles, charging efficiency, parking form and time. 5.3.6 Office facilities such as production command, information management, and administrative offices can be centrally configured in the comprehensive building; the comprehensive building should be set up near the main population of the vehicle multimodal transport operation site; the building area configuration of the comprehensive building should be determined according to the vehicle multimodal transport operation site and the capacity. 5.3.7 The multimodal transport operation site for automobiles shall be equipped with gate areas. The number of gate areas shall be determined by comprehensively considering the number of vehicles entering and leaving, the working hours of the gate areas, the connection with municipal roads and other factors. 5.3.8 The multimodal transport operation site for automobiles shall be equipped with lanes for living and office vehicles, and shall be separated from the lanes for vehicle transport vehicles. 6 Equipment configuration requirements
6.1 Transport equipment
6.1.1 For road transport equipment, it is advisable to use vehicle transport mid-axle trailer trains and vehicle transport flat-trailer trains: the outer dimensions, axle load and mass of road transport equipment shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB1589, and the technical conditions shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T26774. 6.1.2 For railway transport equipment, it is advisable to use double-decker special vehicles for transporting automobiles; the technical conditions of railway transport vehicles shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T5600.
6.1.3 For water transport equipment, it is advisable to use roll-on/roll-off ships. 6.2 Loading and unloading equipment
6.2.1 When using railway transportation, the double-layer adjustable loading and unloading platform can be equipped with a second-layer lifting and starting device, which can use hydraulic devices, electric hoists, hand hoists, etc.
6.2.2 Non-end-type platforms should be equipped with mobile loading and unloading connection equipment. 6.3 Fixing devices
6.3.1 Fixing devices are used to limit and fasten the entire vehicle. According to the reinforcement method, lashing belts, lashing rings, wheel-holding fasteners, pads, etc. should be used. The number of configurations should comprehensively consider factors such as intermodal volume, reinforcement method, and reinforcement points. 6.3.2 Fixing equipment should be intact in appearance and complete in performance, and should not cause damage to the entire vehicle. 6.4 Other supporting equipment
6.4.1 Crossing boards can be configured between transportation equipment, and between transportation equipment and the ground and platform, and should have a retractable and adjustable function. The surface of the ferry board should not have thorns or flash, and the width should meet the requirements of vehicle loading and unloading. 6.4.2 The multimodal transport site of the whole vehicle should be equipped with short-distance driver shuttles. The number of shuttles should take into account the annual intermodal transport volume of the whole vehicle, operating efficiency, daily working hours, the number of short-distance drivers and the shift plan. The height of the vehicle should be lower than the minimum height inside the cabin or the special railway truck compartment. Short-distance driver shuttles should be uniformly numbered and equipped with devices such as driving recorders. 6.4.3 The multimodal transport site of the whole vehicle should be equipped with road rescue vehicles. 6.4.4 During the handover inspection of the whole vehicle, it can be equipped with video recording equipment, flaw detectors and other testing equipment as needed. nKaeerKAca-
GB/T39448—2020
7 Requirements for the configuration of the information management system
7.1 Information system
7.1.1 The multimodal transport area of the whole vehicle should be equipped with an information system that meets the functions of multimodal transport operation organization, on-site operation, safety management, etc. The multimodal transport business module can be configured separately or in the existing information system. The hardware and software of the information system should be advanced in technology, stable in performance, complete in functions, and easy to expand.
7.1.2 The multimodal transport information system of the whole vehicle should have the functions of operation dispatching and command, whole vehicle handover management, storage management, safety management, etc., and provide information release, dynamic query and other services. 7.1.3 The multimodal transport information system of the whole vehicle should be connected to the information network to support the high-speed, reliable and stable transmission of information between related transportation modes, internal operations, and various partners. 7.1.4 The information system for multimodal transport of complete vehicles shall reserve information exchange interfaces and interconnect with the logistics information systems of complete vehicle manufacturers, railways, highways, ports and shipping, etc. It is advisable to exchange and share information data such as multimodal transport order processing, capacity allocation, and route planning in real time. 2 Information equipment
7.2.1 The multimodal transport area of complete vehicles shall be equipped with information equipment such as positioning, collection, communication, and processing. 7.2.2 The transportation equipment shall be equipped with positioning equipment that can monitor the dynamic position of complete vehicles in real time. 7.2.3 During intermodal operations, it shall be equipped with information collection equipment that can reflect the movement, transfer, and storage information of complete vehicles. Handheld terminals, RFID, etc. may be used.
7.2.4 When the intermodal operation site is large, operators and commanders should be equipped with communication equipment such as walkie-talkies. 7.2.5 The office facilities should be equipped with information processing equipment that meets the requirements of dispatching command, on-site operations, business handover, etc. 8
nKaeerKAca-
GB/T8487
GB/T18354—2006
GB/T28399—2012
GB/T31152—2014
JTS1652013
References
Terms of port loading and unloading
Logistics terms
Safety operating procedures for roll-on/roll-off operations at roll-off terminals for commercial vehiclesAutomotive logistics terms
General design specifications for seaports
JT/T109 2—2016
Terms for Multimodal Transport of Goods
WB/T1032—2006
WB/T1067—2017
WB/T1069—2017
Q/CR9133—2016
Service Specifications for Commercial Vehicle Transport
Service Specifications for Passenger Vehicle Water Transport
General Specifications for Passenger Vehicle Transport Services
Design Specifications for Railway Logistics Center
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GB/T39448—2020
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