Some standard content:
ICS 55, 020
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T4768—2008
Replaces GB/T 4758—1995, GB/T 1857.21—1995 Mould-proof packaging
Mould-proof packaging
Issued on 2008-07-18
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on 2009-01-01
GB/T4768—2008
This standard replaces GB/T4768—1995 "Dew-proof packaging" and CB/T4857.21—1995 "Test method for mould-proof of packaging and transport packages".
Compared with GB/T4768--1995 and GB/T1857.21-1995, this standard has the following major changes: the scope of the standard has been modified;
-According to the provisions of G/T4798.2-1996, aBI, aB2, aB3 in Table 1 of the original standard have been changed to 2B1.21B2, 2B3; the mildew-proof grades are divided according to the applicable conditions and requirements of mildew-proof packaging; the "quality requirements, material requirements, and packaging environmental conditions" in the original standard are integrated to form Chapter 5 "Technical Requirements", and the description of the test equipment is integrated and modified according to the technical requirements. Appendix A of this standard is an informative appendix.
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Packaging Standardization. The main drafting units of this standard are: National Packaging Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Jinan), Nanhai Dongxing Plastic Can Co., Ltd., Foshan City, Guangdong Province, and Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College.
The main drafters of this standard are Gong Xingdong, Luo Chen, Sui Yizi, Wang Li, and Xiao Yuchun. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: GB 4768-1981, GB/T 4768-1995; GB4769-1984, GB/T4857.21-1995. 1. Scope
Anti-mildew packaging
This standard specifies the grades, technical requirements, test methods, and inspection rules for anti-mildew packaging. This standard applies to packaging that prevents mold from attacking products during circulation. This standard does not apply to packaging that prevents mold from attacking food, medicine, and other products during circulation. 2. Normative references
GB/T 4768—2008
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties that reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version applies to this standard. GB/T191 Pictorial marking for packaging, storage and transportation (GB/T191-2008, ISO780:1997, MOD) GB/T4797.3—1986 Natural environmental conditions for electrical and electronic products GB/T4798.2-1996 Environmental conditions for the application of electrical and electronic products (ncq [EC72132:1985) GB/I5048 Moisture-proof Packaging
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Fungicide
A chemical substance that has an inhibitory or killing effect on the growth and development of fungi. There are two common types of fungi in industry: residual fungi and volatile fungi.
It belongs to the fungi family, has a filamentous body, can produce spores in various forms, is mostly saprophytic, and has many species. Common ones include Penicillium, Aspergillus and incomplete fungi. They can be used in the industry to produce industrial raw materials. Some fungi can harm humans, animals, plants and industrial products and raw materials. 3.3
Spores
It is the reproductive body of fungi, which is generally very small. Due to the differences in its properties, occurrence process and structure, it has various names, such as asexual spores (conidia, sporangiospores, etc.) and sexual spores (conjugated spores, cystospores, etc.). Spores that are directly formed by nutrient cells through cell wall addition and storage of nutrients and can resist adverse environmental conditions are called "thick-walled spores" and "dormant spores". 3.4
Media mediam
It can provide nutrients for the growth of fungi, generally containing nitrogen, carbohydrates, mineral salts (including trace elements) and water. According to the different raw materials used, it is divided into natural media and synthetic media. 3.5
Imitation item
Since the bacterial test is a destructive test, the expensive and complex packaging cannot be used after the test, or the test sample is too large and large test equipment cannot be provided, the test sample that can represent the material composition and manufacturing process of the product or packaging is used for the test. This sample is called a dummy.
GB/T 4768—2008
4 Grades
4.1 Where products require mildew-proof packaging, the requirements for mildew-proof packaging grade of the products shall be specified in the product technical documents. 4.2 The grade of mildew-proof packaging shall be determined based on the product's ability to resist mildew erosion, the environmental conditions involved in transportation and storage, the packaging structure, the mildew-proof performance of the selected packaging materials, and the results of the sample mildew test. 4.3 The mildew-proof packaging grade is divided into 4 grades, see Table 1. Table 1 Mildew-proof packaging grade
Packaging grade
5 Technical requirements
Suitable for dyeing products
Often in the 134 area specified in GB/T4797.319%6 or in the corresponding environmental conditions (such as: seaside, tunnels, etc.) within two years, and often in the 2.H2,213 area with mildew-proof growth conditions specified in GB/T4798.2-—1996 during transportation. Often in the H2, B3 area specified in GB/T4797.3-1986 or the corresponding B2, B3 area. Applicable to the [31 area specified in GB/T 4797.3-1986 and the 2B1 area specified in GB/T 4798.21996 or the corresponding environmental conditions.
Not suitable for long-term transportation and storage between B2.B3 and B1 areas specified in GB/T 1797.3:1986 or the corresponding environmental conditions in hot and humid seasons.
No mold growth was found after 28 days of mold test. After 28 days of mold test, the inner packaging dance seal is intact, no mold growth is found on the product surface and the inner packaging film surface, and there is mold growth in some areas of the outer packaging (composed of natural materials). The growth area should not exceed 10% of the inner and outer surfaces, and the growth should not affect the performance of the packaging.
After 28 days of cyst test, the product and the inner and outer packaging are allowed to have some yellowing phenomenon. The moldy area of the test sample should not exceed 25% of its inner and outer surfaces.
After 28 days of cyst test, the test sample is partially or completely moldy, and the moldy area accounts for less than 25% of its inner and outer surface area. If the test is extended to 84 days, the mechanical properties of the packaging material will decrease, and spots will be produced to affect the appearance.
5.1 Anti-mildew packaging design should be carried out according to the properties, structure, storage and transportation and loading and unloading conditions of the packaged products, as well as the production process of the packaged products (see Appendix A), so that the product packaging meets the requirements of the corresponding anti-mildew packaging level required for the packaging within the validity period. When using sealed packaging, the relative humidity in the packaging container or inner packaging bag should be controlled within 60% during the validity period. The relative humidity inspection shall be carried out in accordance with (G13/T5018):
5.2 The packaged products shall be strictly inspected in accordance with relevant regulations before packaging to confirm that the products are dry and clean, the product appearance is sterile and has no organic matter that directly causes mold growth. 5.3 When the product packaging is carried out in accordance with the provisions of other professional packaging standards, the measures taken shall not have an adverse effect on mold prevention.
5.4 The materials used for airtight packaging should be selected with strong anti-mold performance. After moisture-proof. The mold-treated materials should not have any adverse effects such as corrosion on the packaged products. Before use, the packaging materials should be dried in accordance with the regulations and should not have any mold growth or stains. 5.5 The products should be packaged in accordance with the provisions of G3/T5018. The relative humidity in the packaging environment should not exceed the specified range. The environment should be kept clean to prevent the medium that is conducive to mold growth from being brought into the packaging. During the packaging process, organic pollutants such as hand sweat and grease should be avoided from contaminating the packaged products and packaging.
5.6 The printed identification mark of the anti-zero packaging shall adopt the mark specified in (13/T191), and the installation date and validity period shall be indicated.2
6 Test method
6.1 Test Principle
GB/T 4768—2008
This test method is to test in a test box (room) designed according to the physiological characteristics of mold growth, simulating the natural mold growth environment, to assess the ability of packaging or packaging materials to resist mold invasion. 6.2 Test Equipment
6.2.1 The temperature at each point in the effective space of the test box (room) should be between 28℃ and -30℃, and the temperature fluctuation per hour should not exceed 1℃, and the relative humidity should be greater than 96%; the temperature at the indicating point should be controlled at 29℃±1℃, and the relative humidity should be controlled at 97%±1%. 6.2.2 The test box (room) should be ventilated once every 7 days. During the ventilation period, the temperature in the box (room) should not be lower than 25℃, and the relative humidity should not be lower than 80%. The temperature at the indicating point is allowed to fluctuate between 25℃ and 32℃. The requirements of 6.2.1 should be met within 2 hours after the ventilation is completed. 6.2.3 The wind speed in the test box is 0.5m/s~2m/s. The wind speed should not affect the normal growth of mold and meet the requirements of 6.2.1.
6.3 Preparation of test samples
6.3.1 Test samples should be selected according to the requirements of product standards and environmental conditions during circulation. Packages or representative packaging components, simulations, inner packaging and packaging materials are selected for resistance performance testing. 6.3.2 The test samples should be consistent with the final form of the product and can represent the packaging of the packaging. During the whole process of test sample preparation, it should be ensured that the test samples are not contaminated by human beings. 6.3.3 When the test samples are packaging materials, the number of test samples for each material shall not be less than 3 pieces. When the test samples are large samples such as packaging or packaging components, the number of test samples shall be determined by negotiation between the entrusting unit and the testing unit. 6.4 Preparation of test bacteria
6.4.1 When conducting the anti-corrosion packaging test, all eight types of molds should be used, including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus suis, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium variegatus, Penicillium ochre-green, Trichoderma viride. If the packaging material or special packaging is tested, the corresponding bacteria with corrosive ability can be added, but it must be noted in the report. 6.4.2 The bacteria used in the test should be fresh strains that have been re-cultured for 11 days to 21 days. 6.5 Preparation of spore suspension
The preparation of spore suspension should be carried out according to the microbiological operation procedures. Use the bacteria specified in 6.4.1, inoculate the re-cultured bacteria spores into 200ml. sterile water, and add 1 drop of wetting agent (Tween-60 or Tween-80). The number of spores of each species should not be less than 0.5×10°/ml. No water droplets should be produced when the spore suspension is sprayed on the sample. 6.6 Preparation of control samples for the test
6.6.1 The control samples for the test are divided into control samples for testing spore activity and testing test conditions in the test box. 6.6.2 The control samples for testing spore activity are prepared as single spore suspensions of various strains used in the test, mixed in solid culture medium, and cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 25℃. If various strains grow well within 7 days, the test is valid. 6.6.3 The control samples for testing test conditions in the test box are pure cotton cloth strips or paper pieces containing liquid culture medium. The samples prepared in 6.3 are randomly placed in the test box. If the control sample bacteria grow well within 7 days, the test is valid, otherwise the test should be repeated. 6.7 Test conditions
6.7.1 During the test, the temperature at each point of the mold test box should be between 28℃ and 30℃, and the relative humidity should be above 96%. 6.7.2 During the test, the air should be changed once every 7 days.
6.8 Test period
The test period is generally 28 days. If necessary, the test period can be extended to 84 days. 6.9 Test steps
6.9.1 Adjust the test box as required until the temperature and humidity in the box are stable and meet the requirements. 6.9.2 Hang the test sample and the test control sample in the box. 6.9.3 Spray the spore suspension evenly on the samples in the box. 3
CB/T4768—2008
6.9.4 If a simulated part or a non-sealed part is used for the test, the inner packaging should be infected with mold spores. If a normal package or a sealed package is used, it is not necessary to infect the mold spores in the package seal. 6.9.5 Close the test chamber door and start counting the test time. Perform a comprehensive inspection at the end of the 28d or 84d cycle: 6.10 Result evaluation
6.10.1 After the test, the test sample should be recorded in detail according to the requirements of the mildew-proof packaging level. Whether the sample is mildewed or not and the area of mildewed should be recorded in detail. 6.10.2 For mildewed samples, the reasons for mildewed growth should be analyzed. Provide the basis for the test analysis. 6.11 Test report
In order to complete the test report and facilitate the analysis of the test results, the following documents should be prepared before the test: 6. 11. 1
Sample source, inspection purpose, quantity and production batch, etc.; design, structure and packaging process of other components: b)
Mildew-proof packaging level requirements;
If the sample has been treated with mildew-proof treatment, the mildew-proof treatment process should be provided. d)
The test report shall include the following items:
Sample name, source and quantity;
Model of the dew test chamber;
Test temperature and relative humidity;
Test period;
Name of the test strain and the increase or decrease of the strain; Description of the mold growth state and record of the degree of mold growth; Analysis, conclusion and suggestions,
Signatures of the test operator and the approver.
7 Inspection rules
Packaging parts shall be inspected according to the anti-mildew grade requirements specified in the corresponding standards and relevant product technical documents. 7.1
7.2 Anti-mildew packaging tests shall be conducted for color packaging parts in the following situations: a) Newly designed anti-mildew packaging parts are used according to product requirements; b) When there are changes in packaging methods, packaging materials and anti-mildew processes; c) Normally produced packaging parts shall be sampled for mold tests according to the provisions of various professional standards. 7.3 After the test, if the test result of the mildew-proof packaging fails to meet the grade requirements specified in the technical documents, the test shall be repeated with double sampling. If the test still fails to meet the requirements specified in the technical documents after repeated testing, it shall be judged as unqualified. 4
A.1 Design principles
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Mold-proof packaging design
GB/T 4768—2008
Based on the product technical requirements and the conditions for the growth and development of mold, the packaging materials and packaging technology shall be selected appropriately to ensure that the packaging meets the requirements of the frost-proof packaging grade.
A.2 Palm Blue Growth Control
A.2.1 Growth Factors of Needle Fungi
A.2.1,1 Temperature requirements for mold growth: The optimum temperature range for mold growth used in the test is 24℃～30℃. Some fungi can still grow at -5℃～+8℃, and some fungi grow well at 37℃, but the mycelium cannot survive under high temperature conditions. A.2.1.2 Humidity requirements for mold growth: The suitable range of relative humidity for mold growth is 70%～99%. It is difficult to grow when the relative humidity is below 65%.
A.2.1.3 Nutrients for the growth of needle fungi: Natural organic matter can be used as nutrients for mold. A.2.1.4 The presence of harmful bacteria: The spread of mold spores is the main path for the growth of fungi. There are a certain number of spores in the air of almost any space in the natural world, which can infect objects. The corrosion performance of the bacteria of low-corrosive materials is specific. A.2.1.5 Other factors affecting growth: natural environmental conditions such as light, wind, oxygen and pH value, as well as microclimate conditions during storage and use, can all affect the growth of mold.
A.2.1.6.J The effects of the above factors on mold growth are interrelated and mutually restrictive. A.2.2 Control of mold
A.2.2.1 Any of the factors for controlling mold growth in the package can prevent or delay the impact of mold on the package. A.2.2.2 Anti-mold measures for controlling mold growth in the package are an integral part of the packaging process, but the anti-mold measures taken must not have adverse effects on other process measures of the package and the performance of the packaged product. A.3 Selection of packaging materials
When designing anti-mold packaging, attention should be paid to selecting materials that are not easily utilized by mold. Packaging materials can be divided into the following three types according to their resistance to mold. A.3.1 Mildew-resistant materials: This type of material is partially made of synthetic materials and inorganic materials, and cannot provide nutrients for mold. A.3.2 Semi-mildew-resistant materials: This type of material is the most widely used, and is composed of a mixture of mildew-resistant and non-mildew-resistant materials. Its resistance to exposure is unstable, and its degree of resistance to exposure depends on the constituent materials, additives, and the production process when the mixture is formed. For example, hot-pressed plastic parts with wood powder as filler, epoxy paint, polyolefin film, polyolefin products, and synthetic glue, etc. A.3.3 Non-mildew-resistant materials: In the mildew test, the degree of mildew growth is serious. This type of material is mostly natural organic materials and their products, which can provide nutrients for the growth of mold, such as paper, raw materials, cotton textiles, natural rubber, leather, and products containing these materials. A.4 Anti-mildew packaging methods
A.4.1 Sealed packaging
Control the internal environment of the seal, such as vacuuming, filling with inert gas, deoxidation and using anti-mildew agents. These process measures should be considered in combination with moisture and rust prevention of the package. It should be pointed out that the above methods can inhibit the growth of fungi in a short period of time, and the correct use of volatile anti-mildew agents can inhibit the growth of fungi for a long time. The effects of the above methods are closely related to the reliability of the sealing of the package.
GB/T4768--2008
A.4.2 Non-sealed packaging
When the mold-prone parts of the package are mold-proofed according to technical requirements, the mold-prone materials can be treated with anti-mildew agents, but attention should be paid to the selection of appropriate anti-mildew agents and anti-mildew treatment processes, because the effective time of anti-mildew of different processes varies. Existing results show that the difference can be as much as several months to several years. Shenzhen strengthens packaging management, strictly implements relevant standards such as moisture-proof and anti-corrosion, controls the production and circulation environment, and strictly designs packaging. These measures can prevent the packaging from being eroded by alcohol and bacteria, and achieve the purpose of mildew prevention. Control of environmental conditions during the circulation of packaging
A.5.1 Pay attention to the packaging environment, implement civilized production, and prevent organic substances and long-lived materials from mixing into the packaging. A.5.2 During the storage and transportation of packaging, strive to keep it dry and ventilated. If mildew is found, it should be handled in time to avoid infecting other packaging. .
GB/T 4768-2008
People's Republic of China
National Standard
Anti-mold packaging
GH/T 4768-2008
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