Rules for drafting the functional requirements specifications for specified meteorological technical equipment
Some standard content:
ICS07.060
Meteorological Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
QX/T503—2019
Rules for drafting the functional requirements specifications for specifiedmeteorological technical equipment Equipment Industry Standard Information Service Platform
Release on 2019-09-30
China Meteorological Administration
Implementation on 2020-01-01
Industry Standard Information Service Platform
Normative Reference Documents
Terms and Definitions
Basic Rules
Appendix A (Informative Appendix)
References
Layout of the Cover of the Requirements
QX/T503—2019
Industry Standard Information Service Platform
QX/T503—2019
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1—2009. This standard was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Meteorological Instruments and Observation Methods (SAC/TC507). Drafting units of this standard: Meteorological Detection Center of China Meteorological Administration and Changchun Meteorological Instrument Research Institute Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard: Zhang Ming, Mo Yueqin, Zhang Yueqing, Tian Yan, Chen Yao, Ren Xiaoyu, Zhou Kai, Huo Tao Industry Standard Information Service Platform
1 Scope
Rules for writing functional specifications of meteorological special technical equipment QX/T503—2019
This standard specifies the basic rules, structure, content requirements and expression rules for writing functional specifications of meteorological special technical equipment (hereinafter referred to as requirements).
This standard applies to the writing of requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For all undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T1.1-2009 Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and writing of standards GB/T2900.13-2008 Electrical terminology Credibility and service quality GB/T4208-2017 Enclosure protection degree (IP code) GB/T6587-2012 General specification for electronic measuring instruments GB/T18268.1-2010 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements (IEC61326-1: 2005, IDT) || tt||GB/T20000.1-2014 Guide to standardization work Part 1: General terms for standardization and related activities GB/T31162-2014 Technical specification for lightning protection of ground meteorological observation sites (rooms) GB/T37467-2019 Terminology of meteorological instruments
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T2900.13-208, GB/T20000.1-2014 and GB/T37467-2019 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
Specified meteorological technical equipment
Specified Taemonological technical equipment is a general term for equipment, instruments, meters, firefighting equipment and corresponding software systems specifically used in the field of meteorology. 3.2
functional requirementsspeficatio Functional specification requirements
Service platform
Specifies the functions and performance requirements of meteorological special technical equipment and guides its development, production, testing and evaluation. 4 Basic rules
4.1 Naming
The requirements are uniformly named as: "×××× Functional Specification Requirements" (×××× is the name of the equipment). The name of the equipment should be consistent with the relevant requirements of the China Meteorological Administration.
4.2 General requirements
Writing a requirements document is to guide the development, production, testing and evaluation of meteorological special technical equipment by stipulating clear and unambiguous terms. 1
QX/T503—2019
The requirements document shall meet the following requirements:
Complete content;
Clear and accurate expression;
Terms consistent with relevant standards;
Fully consider the latest technical level;
Provide a framework for future technical development;
Can fully express the needs of equipment users; Can be understood by equipment manufacturers and professionals who did not participate in the preparation of the requirements document: Can accurately reflect the technical and business application requirements of meteorological special technical equipment; Has the systematic nature required to meet the requirements of meteorological special technical equipment; Each requirement can be implemented.
4.3 Preparation depth
The preparation depth of the requirements document shall meet the following requirements: Can fully reflect the characteristics and parameters of the equipment; The selected equipment parameters can meet the application requirements and technical level; The determination of indicators has scientific arguments. bzxz.net
5 Structure
5.1 Hierarchy
The requirements document should include but not be limited to the cover, writing instructions, table of contents, main text, appendix, and references. The main body should include the following contents:
Title;
Principle and composition;
Industry standard information service platform
Function;
Measurement performance;
Electromechanical performance;
Reliability;
Maintainability;
Testability;
Interchangeability;
Design life;
-Environmental adaptability;
Electromagnetic compatibility;
Safety;
Software;
Verification and calibration;
Appearance and structure;
-Material;
Installation;
-Transportation, packaging and labeling;
Supporting.
5.2 Expression rules
The expression of the demand document shall comply with the following rules: QX/T503—2019
a) The level division adopts the form of chapter, article, paragraph and list. The chapter is the basic unit and the basic framework of the demand document. Articles can be set under the chapter, which is a subdivision of the chapter. Articles can be set under the article, but it should not exceed four levels. Paragraphs or lists can be set under the article. b)
The writing of each level should comply with the requirements of 5.2.3 to 5.2.6 of GB/T1.1-2009. When compiling a specific demand document, the content of 5.1 can be increased or decreased according to the actual situation. c
6 Content
6.1 Cover
The cover should have the name of the meteorological special technical equipment and the words "Functional Specification Requirement Document", as well as the version number, writing unit and date. The naming rules shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of 4.1. See Appendix A for the layout style of the cover. 6.2 Writing Instructions
Briefly describe the equipment object, content, requirements, purpose, historical versions, writing unit and writing personnel specified in the demand document. Explain the purpose of meteorological special technical equipment, the documents, standards or specifications based on which the demand document is written, etc. 6.3 Table of Contents
With "Table of Contents" as the title, the contents listed include the level number, title and page number, etc. The page number should be consistent with the position of the article title in the text. Chapters and appendices in the table of contents are arranged from the top, and the first level of the article is indented one Chinese character to start, and the second level of the article is indented one Chinese character to start, and the article can be listed at the first or second level. The title and page number are connected with "……..", and the title is arranged from the top when it is wrapped. The page number is right-aligned 6.4 Text Content
6.4.1 Title
Description The name of the demand document shall be named in accordance with the requirements of 4.1. 6.4.2
Principle and composition
6.4.2.1Overview
Service platform
Briefly explain the principle and structural characteristics of meteorological special technical equipment, including hardware and software.
6.4.2.2Hardware
Briefly explain the name and function of each part and peripheral equipment and supporting equipment according to the product composition. 6.4.2.3Software
Briefly explain the software name, composition and function of each part and the relationship between software and hardware. 6.4.3 Function
The functional requirements of the equipment shall be specified according to the measurement principle and business application requirements of the equipment, which shall include but not be limited to the following items: 3
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Measured meteorological elements;
Sampling, calculation and storage methods of instantaneous observation values; data processing methods;
Data display and printing;
Data interface and signal transmission:
Power supply mode and power supply adaptability;
Clock timing error;
Fault detection and alarm;
Data Quality control;
Other functions specified in technical requirements
According to the technical characteristics and business needs of different meteorological special technical equipment, the above contents can be increased, decreased and adjusted. 6.4.4 Measurement performance
For meteorological element measurement equipment, the technical indicators of the measured meteorological parameters and other parameters set to ensure these parameters should be proposed, which should include:
Measurement/detection range;
Resolution;
Allowable error;
Stability;
Measurement threshold of the sensor:
|The time constant and damping characteristics of the sensor; the continuous working time of the whole machine;
sampling period or time interval;
averaging/smoothing method and period;
observation time system, timing method and clock error, etc. For equipment parameters not listed, corresponding technical parameters and requirements should be proposed according to the measurement principle, such as: the ventilation performance of the radiation shield of the temperature measuring instrument and the radiation error caused; the cloud types that the cloud meter can measure), the number of cloud layers and the false alarm rate; the rainfall intensity adaptation range of the rainfall measuring instrument, the parameter correction of the visibility meter for different atmospheric particles; the weather phenomenon measurement The accuracy or misjudgment rate of the instrument in judging the phase phenomenon of the measured weather variable; the temperature response, directional response, tilt response, zero drift and spectral adaptation range of the radiation measuring instrument, the technical indicators of the sun tracking device, etc.; the transmission baud rate and bit error rate of the signal transmission and communication equipment; g) the parachute damping characteristics and descent speed of the dropsonde; the parameter inversion and calculation mathematical model of the remote sensing equipment: the airtightness and flow rate of the aerosol mass concentration equipment; k) other technical parameters based on the needs of business applications, etc. 6.4.4.3 If the performance indicators cannot meet the ideal requirements at present, the two indicators of "achievable accuracy" and "required accuracy" can be used to reflect what can be achieved at present and what is required to be achieved in the future, or directly divided into different levels in the requirements book. 6.4.4.4 According to the technical characteristics and business needs of different meteorological special technical equipment, the above contents can be increased, decreased and adjusted 4
6.4.5 Electromechanical performance
For electromechanical meteorological equipment, technical indicators and requirements for relevant parameters should be proposed, mainly including: power consumption of the whole machine and subsystem (when necessary); a)
Battery life;
Impedance, bandwidth, rate and time interval of wired transmission: c)
d) Transmission frequency, power, spectrum, pulse width and antenna directivity diagram of wireless transmission: QX/T503—2019
None e)
sensitivity, bandwidth and actual receiving effect of receivers and terminal equipment for wired transmission; input and output impedance, standing wave ratio and feeder loss of high-frequency transmission; f) Equipment with tracking and positioning functions should specify the technical parameters of tracking performance, mainly including: 1) antenna form, size, antenna gain, lobe width, sidelobe level, antenna polarization mode and antenna directivity diagram; 2)
tracking system, range, speed and acceleration, scanning mode and minimum working elevation angle; automatic tracking response time; 4) resolution and allowable error of azimuth, elevation angle measurement and distance positioning. According to the technical characteristics and business requirements of different meteorological special technical equipment, the above contents can be increased, decreased and adjusted. 6.4.6 Reliability
The reliability index of equipment is expressed by the mean time between failures MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure). 6.4.7 Maintainability
Maintainability accessibility, setting test points for key parameters, and providing maintenance manuals can be proposed. If necessary, quantitative requirements for equipment maintainability can be proposed, mean repair time MTTR can be given, and maintenance level can be explained. Note: Maintenance level includes on-site maintenance, maintenance organization maintenance and return to factory maintenance, etc. 6.4.8 Testability
Testability requirements are proposed through the setting of test points, self-diagnosis, self-calibration, fault detection and isolation, etc. If necessary, the testability design of the equipment is proposed.
6.4.9 Interchangeability
Maintenance information service platform
Propose interchangeability requirements for key components. After replacement, the functions and measurement performance specified in the technical indicators should remain unchanged, and it should be stated whether recalibration and adjustment are required during replacement. 6.4.10
Design life
The design life of the equipment is proposed based on the calculation basis and method. 6.4.11 Environmental adaptability
6.4.11.1 Environmental adaptability should be based on the environmental conditions (mainly including climatic environment, mechanical environment, biological environment and special environment) in which the equipment is used, transported, stored, installed and erected throughout its life cycle, and the stress conditions of the environmental test should be formulated to give specific environmental parameters.
6.4.11.2 The climate environment includes high temperature, low temperature, low pressure, sand and dust, and rain, etc. The specific parameters or requirements are as follows: the limit values of high temperature and low temperature working conditions and storage and transportation conditions; the humidity limit values and corresponding temperatures of wet and hot working conditions and storage and transportation conditions. If the requirement of alternating wet and hot conditions is proposed, the number of cycles should be given - according to the requirements of GB/T4208-2017, the shell protection level should be given; 5
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Rain corresponding to the limit value of rainfall intensity and rain time; wind resistance;
-For air-based detection instruments, the low pressure condition should give the corresponding temperature, and other equipment can only give the limit value of low pressure. 6.4.11.3 The mechanical environment includes vibration, impact, tilt, fall, transportation, etc. If necessary, specific parameters should be given. 6.4.11.4 The biological environment requirements are divided into the adaptability requirements of equipment to the biological environment and the adaptability requirements of equipment to chemical conditions. Among them, the adaptability requirements of equipment to biological environment include prevention of mold, rat bites, ants and insects from blocking the sampling channel and damaging the sampling environment.
The adaptability requirements of equipment to chemical conditions include corrosive gases, acid rain corrosion, etc. 6.4.11.5 According to the use environment of the equipment, special environmental requirements are given, including salt spray, condensation, dripping, splashing, solar radiation and other requirements. If necessary, specific values of special environmental parameters are given. For equipment with special environment or harsh natural environment use requirements, such as equipment used in deserts, islands, oceans (lakes), plateaus, and extremely cold regions, specific requirements that should be met in the actual environment are proposed. 6.4.11.6 The environmental parameter requirements for climatic environment and mechanical environment should be determined according to the actual situation of the equipment and the provisions in Table 1 of GB/T6587-2012, and specific parameters should be given according to different groups. 6.4.11.7 When formulating the environmental requirements of equipment, the superposition effect of induced environmental factors on environmental conditions should be considered for its actual application occasions, and the environmental stress parameters should be appropriately improved/increased. 6.4.11.8 According to the technical characteristics and business needs of different meteorological special technical equipment, specific environmental parameters and requirements can be increased, decreased and adjusted.
Electromagnetic compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility of equipment includes qualitative requirements and quantitative requirements, among which: a) Qualitative requirements mainly include the following contents: 1) There should be no mutual interference between the various combinations and components of the equipment itself; 2) It should not affect the normal operation of the equipment in the use occasion; 3) The equipment should be able to work normally in the electromagnetic environment of the use occasion. b) Quantitative requirements include the requirements for the electromagnetic emission characteristics and anti-external interference ability of the equipment, and specific numerical descriptions should be given. Mainly include:
According to the electromagnetic environment of the equipment and the electromagnetic reception and emission levels of the instruments and equipment at the place of use, the electromagnetic emission and reception performance parameters of the equipment are given respectively;
Parameters such as electrostatic discharge immunity, time-frequency electromagnetic field radiation immunity, electrical fast transient pulse group immunity, surge (impact) immunity, voltage short interruption and voltage variation are selected from Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 of GB/T18268.1-2010 Information Service Platform according to the use environment of the equipment, and the limit value is selected according to the requirements of 7.2 of GB/T18628.1-2010. 6.4.13
3 Safety
6.4.13.1 The contact current shall comply with the requirements of 5.8.1 of GB/T6587-2012. 6.4.13.2 The dielectric strength shall comply with the requirements of 5.8.2 of GB/T6587-2012. 6.4.13.3 Protective grounding shall comply with the requirements of 5.8.3 of GB/T65872012 6.4.13.4 The lightning protection requirements of the equipment shall be selected according to the use environment and the installation site. The technical indicators shall comply with the requirements of GB/T31162-2014.
6.4.14 Software
6.4.14.1 Initialization and parameter setting
Propose the initialization and parameters that need to be set after the equipment is turned on, including the longitude and latitude of the station, altitude, etc. If necessary, propose the self-test and self-calibration functions of the software. 2 Equipment operation control
QX/T503-2019
Propose the control items, methods and requirements, and propose the requirements for monitoring the equipment status. Status monitoring includes monitoring of the whole machine and subsystems, and the allowable error or other technical indicators of each type/level of monitoring shall be clarified. If necessary, the extended functions of the software and the requirements for the human-machine interface shall be proposed.
5 Verification and calibration
Propose the requirements for the verification/calibration cycle, method and value transfer of the meteorological parameters measured by the equipment, the calibration/verification interface, and the instructions and methods for the correction, adjustment or setting of the measurement parameters.
6 Appearance and structure
Includes:
Propose the requirements for the surface quality, coating and surface treatment of the equipment. a)
b) For equipment used in the field, propose the requirements for radiation protection, rain protection, dust protection and sealing. c) If necessary, the requirements for color coordination with the use environment should be proposed. d) Propose the requirements for the structural form of the equipment.
Note: The structural form mainly includes the mechanical structure, the relative position and connection form between the components, the installation position and direction of the components, etc. e) For large equipment, propose the requirements of using building blocks, easy disassembly, easy installation and maintenance, etc. f) Mechanical strength requirements should be put forward for equipment used in the field or parts erected in the field. Note: Mechanical strength includes overall strength, strength of various components and connection strength between components, etc. g) Propose the shape, external dimensions, frame structure, center of gravity position and height and weight requirements of the equipment, etc. 6.4.17 Materials
Includes:
a) Propose requirements for the material properties of each part of the equipment; b) When necessary, propose the specific materials used in each part of the equipment, and give specific parameter requirements such as material resistance to aging, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and environmental protection performance.
Industry Standards
3Installation
Includes:
Propose the method of equipment installation and debugging and the required field, facilities and surrounding environment for work; a)
b) For equipment whose measurement element accuracy is related to direction and level, propose that the equipment has components or settings for adjusting direction and level to meet the requirements;
c) For equipment that connects the measuring sensor and the host by cable, the cable accuracy, reliability of the connecting parts and its waterproof, anti-corrosion, wear-resistant, tensile and shielding requirements should be proposed.
9Transportation, packaging and labeling
Includes:
Propose the requirements for equipment factory packaging, including packaging form, box, cushioning material and fixing method requirements. At the same time, transportation methods and precautions can be proposed.
For vehicle-mounted equipment, the layout of the vehicle and the instruments and equipment in the vehicle and their fixing and vibration prevention requirements should be proposed. b) If necessary, provide the layout of instruments and equipment in the vehicle and the methods of installation and fixing. 7
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c) Propose requirements for equipment packaging and labeling, including production information, safety tips and placement direction requirements. 6.4.20 Supporting Equipment
The supporting equipment includes the installation facilities of the equipment itself, supporting instruments, equipment, backup parts, etc. The supporting instruments, equipment and backup parts should specify the quantity and measurement performance and functional requirements. If necessary, propose specific product models and the size and quantity of backup parts. 6.5 Appendix
For some requirements, if explanation and description are required, and the content is too much to be listed in the main text, it can be placed after the main text in the form of an appendix. The appendix is numbered in sequence from A to BC. It should be introduced in the main text with a sentence such as "See Appendix for details" and the front and back correspond to each other. 6.6 References
In the requirements, when the technical terms adopt the terms and contents of standards, documents, papers, materials, and books, they should be listed as references after the appendix of the main text. The adopted standards should give the name, code, and year; the documents should indicate the issuing unit, file name, and publishing time; the papers, materials, and books should indicate the name, author, publishing unit, and publishing time. Industry Standard Information Service Platform6 References
In the requirements, when the technical terms adopt the terms and contents of standards, documents, papers, materials, and books, they should be listed as references after the appendix of the main text. The adopted standards should give the name, code, and year; the documents should indicate the issuing unit, file name, and publishing time; the papers, materials, and books should indicate the name, author, publishing unit, and publishing time. Industry Standard Information Service Platform6 References
In the requirements, when the technical terms adopt the terms and contents of standards, documents, papers, materials, and books, they should be listed as references after the appendix of the main text. The adopted standards should give the name, code, and year; the documents should indicate the issuing unit, file name, and publishing time; the papers, materials, and books should indicate the name, author, publishing unit, and publishing time. Industry Standard Information Service Platform
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