Some standard content:
GB16169—2000
This standard is formulated to implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Standards, to control the noise pollution of light motorcycles and to reduce the harm of light motorcycle noise to the environment. This standard is a revision of the light motorcycle driving noise limit part of GB16169-1996 Noise Limits for Motorcycles and Light Motorcycles and GB/T This standard is a revision of GB4569-1996 "Motorcycle and moped noise measurement method" for the light motorcycle noise measurement method. This standard and GB4569-2000 "Motorcycle noise limit and test method" partially replace GB16169-1996 and GB/T4569-1996. According to the actual situation of my country's light motorcycle products, the driving noise limit of light motorcycles is implemented in two stages. The implementation date of the first stage is January 1, 2002. The driving noise limit of light two-wheeled motorcycles is equivalent to the requirements of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Regulation ECER63/00 "Uniform Provisions on the Noise Certification of Light Motorcycles" which came into effect on August 15, 1985. The implementation date of the second phase is July 1, 2005. The driving noise limit values of light two-wheeled motorcycles are equivalent to the requirements of ECER63/01, which came into effect on March 8, 1999. The driving noise limit values of light three-wheeled motorcycles are equivalent to the requirements of Chapter 9 of the European Community Directive 97/24/EC on Type Approval of Two/Three-wheeled Motorcycles, which came into effect on June 17, 1999, on the allowable noise level and exhaust system of two-wheeled or three-wheeled motorcycles. The noise measurement method for light motorcycles is equivalent to the technical content of Annex 3 of ECER63/01 and Chapter 9 of 97/24/EC. Among them, Appendix B (Standard Appendix) \ Requirements for noise measurement test road surface \ are equivalent to ISO 10844:1994 Acoustics - Requirements for the provision of test pavements for measuring noise from road vehicles. The implementation is now postponed and will be implemented when conditions are met. This standard adopts the provisions of Chapter 9 of 97/24/EC and adds requirements for exhaust systems equipped with fiber sound-absorbing materials. Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D of this standard are appendices to the standard. This standard is proposed by the State Machinery Industry Bureau. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Automotive Standardization. The main drafting unit of this standard: Shanghai Motorcycle Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard: Shi Liangjiu, Chen Qifeng, Zhang Ti, Li Jiafang, Zou Jiahua. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Limits and measurement of noise emitted by light motorcycles and test methods mopedsGB16169-2000
Partially replaces GB15169—1996
GB/T4569—1996
This standard specifies the limit and measurement method of the noise emitted by mopeds. It also specifies the measurement method of the stationary noise emitted by mopeds. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB/T 3785--1983 Electrical and acoustic properties and test methods of sound level meters GB/T5378--1994 General rules for road tests of motorcycles and mopeds GB/T6003.1--1997 Metal wire mesh test sieves GB/T15173--1994 Sound calibrator
150 2599:1983 Iron ore--Determination of phosphorus content--Titration method IS010534.1:1996 Acoustics--Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance--Impedance tube method IS0108441994 Sound lift--Provisions for test pavements for measuring road vehicle noise 3 Definitions and symbols
3.1 Definitions
The following definitions are adopted in this standard.
3.1.1 Type Approval Test for Light Motorcycles
Type approval test for light motorcycles refers to the test conducted on representative vehicles of new light motorcycle models to be put into production by the manufacturing enterprise in accordance with the provisions of type approval.
3.1.2 Production consistency inspection test for light motorcycles Production consistency inspection test for light motorcycles refers to the test conducted on mass-produced vehicles of light motorcycle models that have passed the type approval test in accordance with the provisions of production consistency inspection.
3.1.3 Background noise
Background noise refers to the noise of the surrounding environment (including wind noise) when the noise of the tested light motorcycle does not exist. 3.1.4 Exhaust silencer system
The exhaust silencer system refers to the complete set of components necessary to limit the noise generated by the exhaust gas of the light motorcycle engine. 3.2 Symbols
This standard uses the following symbols.
S. Engine maximum power speed:
V. : Design maximum speed of the tested light motorcycle VA: The stable speed of the tested light motorcycle when it approaches the acceleration start line (AA line); Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on August 21, 2000 and implemented on July 1, 2001
GB 16169—2000
N.: The stable speed of the engine of the tested light motorcycle when it approaches the acceleration start line (AA line). 4 Noise limit
4.1 The driving noise limit of the light motorcycle type certification test is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Driving noise limits for type certification test of light motorcycles Noise limit, dB (A)
Maximum speed
>25 and ≤50
Light two-wheeled motorcycle
First implementation stage
January 1, 2002
Second implementation stage
July 1, 2005
Light three-wheeled motorcycle
January 1, 2002
4.2 The implementation date of the production consistency inspection test of light motorcycles is the same as that of the type certification test. The driving noise limit is 1 dB (A) higher than the driving noise limit of the type certification test, and the noise level measured by the production consistency inspection test is not allowed to be 3 dB (A) higher than the noise level measured by the type certification test.
4.3 Light motorcycles equipped with fiber sound absorbing material exhaust silencer system shall comply with the requirements of Xie Lu A (Appendix to the Standard). 4.4 For quantitative noise measurement, only the measured value shall be recorded. 5 Measuring instruments
5.1 Acoustic measuring instruments
5.1.1 The sound level meter or equivalent measuring system used for noise measurement shall meet the requirements of GB/T 3785 for the accuracy of type 1 sound level meter when measuring driving noise. Extension rods and extension cables shall be used as much as possible. For quantitative noise measurement, the accuracy requirements of GB/T 3785 for type 1 or type 2 sound level meter shall be met. When using a system that can periodically monitor the A-weighted sound level, the time interval between system readings shall not exceed 30ms. The sound level meter or equivalent measuring system shall be calibrated regularly in accordance with the provisions of relevant national measuring instruments. 5.1.2 The A frequency weighting characteristics and the "fast (F)" time weighting characteristics of the sound level meter shall be used for measurement. 5.1.3 At the beginning and end of each measurement, the sound level meter shall be checked and calibrated in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 15173 in accordance with the provisions of the manufacturer's instruction manual. Without any further adjustments, if the difference between the last calibration reading and the last calibration reading exceeds 0.5 dB for a Type 1 sound level meter and 1 dB for a Type 2 sound level meter, the measurement result after the last calibration is considered invalid. The calibration readings should be recorded in the tables of Appendix C (Standard Appendix) and Appendix D (Standard Appendix) according to the measurement requirements. 5.1.4 During the measurement, it is allowed to use the windshield correctly according to the requirements of the sound level meter instruction manual, but attention should be paid to the effect of the windshield on the sensitivity and directivity of the microphone.
5.2 Vehicle speed and engine speed measuring instruments
Special vehicle speed measuring instruments and engine tachometers should be used, and similar instruments on the tested moped should not be used. 5.3 Meteorological measuring instruments
Anemometers, barometers and thermometers should comply with the provisions of GB/T5378. 6 Driving Noise Residual Method
6-1 Measurement Environment
6.1. 1 Measurement Site (See Figure 1)
6.1.1.1 The sound field condition of the measurement site is: when a non-directional small sound source is placed at the center of the measurement area of the site, the sound level deviation of each direction on the hemisphere with the 0 point as the center of the sphere does not exceed ±1 dB. The measurement site can be considered to have met this sound field condition when the following conditions are met:
GB16169-2000
and) there are no large sound reflectors within a radius of 50m with the 0 point as the base point, such as buildings, fences, trees, rocks, vehicles parked on bridges, etc.
b) the surface of the measurement site is made of concrete, asphalt or similar solid materials. The site should be basically horizontal, flat, and dry, and should not require,Tall grass, dust or similar sound absorbing objects are not recommended. There are no sound reflectors in the sky within this radius. The test surface is the smallest standard test road surface. Dimension units, day. Microphone (height 1.2±0.1) Figure 1 Driving noise measurement site, measurement area and microphone sensitivity 1 6.1.1.2 The test runway passing through the measurement area should have a straight concrete or asphalt road surface of more than 100 m, with a longitudinal slope of no more than 1%. The runway surface texture should not cause excessive wheel grease noise. The test surface should meet the requirements of Appendix B (Standard Appendix) 6.1.1.3 During the test, except for the assistant and the driver, no other person should stand in the measurement area. The assistant should stand in a position that will not affect the reading of the sound level meter.
6.1.2 Weather
The measurement should not be carried out under adverse weather conditions. The influence of gusts on the sound level meter reading should be excluded during the measurement. 6.1.3 Background noise
During the measurement, the background noise (A-weighted sound level) should be at least 10 dB lower than the noise of the light motorcycle under test. If the difference between the background noise and the noise of the light motorcycle under test is between 10 and 16 dB, the noise measurement value of the light motorcycle under test should be reduced by the static positive value shown in Figure 2. 6.2 Light motorcycle under test (hereinafter referred to as the test vehicle) 6.2.1 The test vehicle should not be loaded except for one driver. However, it should be equipped with coolant, fuel, lubricant, tool box, spare tire, etc. necessary for driving. The total mass of the driver and the test instruments installed on the test vehicle should not exceed 90 kg and not be less than 70 kg. If it is less than 70 kg, it can be supplemented to 70 kg.
6.2.2 If the vehicle under test is equipped with an automatic fan, it should not be disturbed during the measurement. If the vehicle under test has more than one driving wheel, only the driving wheel used for normal road operation should be used. If the vehicle under test is equipped with a sidecar, the following should be done during the measurement: 6.2.3 Before the measurement, the engine temperature should be warmed up according to the provisions of GB/T 5378 to make it reach the requirements for normal belt operation. 6.2.4 Other conditions of the vehicle under test should comply with the provisions of GB/T 5378. 6.3 Measurement area and microphone cover
6.3.1 The driving noise measurement area is shown in Figure 1. Point 0 is the center of the measurement area, line AA is the starting line of the driving test, line BB is the end line of the driving test, and line CC is the driving center line. 0.4
GB16169—2000
Ratio of test vehicle noise to background noise: dB(A) Figure 2 Iliac positive noise affected by background noise
6.3.2 The sound level meter microphone should be placed on both sides of the 0 point, with the center of the microphone head end face 1.2 m ± 0.1 m above the ground and 7.5 m ± 0.2 m from the CC' line (measured along the vertical line of the CC line). The microphone reference axis is parallel to the ground and points vertically to the CC line. 6.4 Gear selection of test vehicle and determination of speed approaching the AA' line 6.4.1 Light two-wheeled motorcycle
6.4.1.1 Driving gear selection
6.4.1.1.1 Light two-wheeled motorcycles equipped with manual (foot) transmissions should select the highest gear that meets the condition of NA ≥ 1/2 S when approaching the AA' line. 6.4.1.1.2 Light two-wheeled motorcycles equipped with automatic transmission The test vehicle equipped with automatic transmission shall be measured in accordance with the requirements of 6.4.1.2. 6.4.1.2 Approaching AA line speed
If V_≥30 km/h, take V^=30 km/h+If V,≤30 km/h, take Va=Vm.
6.4.2 Light three-wheeled motorcycles
6.4.2.1 Light three-wheeled motorcycles equipped with manual (foot) transmission 6.4.2.1.1 Driving gear selection
a) When the test vehicle transmission has 4 or less forward gears, use the second gear for measurement. b) When the test vehicle transmission has 5 or more forward gears, use the third gear for measurement. C) The above measurements are made with the second and third gears. When the vehicle under test reaches the BB' line, if the engine speed exceeds S at this time, the third and fourth gears shall be used for measurement respectively, and the measured values shall be taken as the measurement results. However, the overspeed gear shall not be selected. If the transmission of the vehicle under test has two drive devices with different gear ratios, the device that can reach V for the vehicle under test shall be selected. 6.4.2.1.2 Speed approaching the AA line
When the vehicle under test approaches the AA' line, V is taken as:
NA-3/4 S,
GB 161692000
NA=3/4 Maximum engine speed allowed by the limiter, Va50 km/h,
The lower vehicle speed among the above three.
6.4.2.2 When the vehicle under test approaches the AA' line, VA of a light three-wheeled motorcycle without a transmission is determined according to the requirements of 6.4.2.1.2. 6.4.2.3 Light three-wheeled motorcycles equipped with automatic transmission 6.4.2.3.1 Driving gear selection
The test vehicle shall select the forward gear that produces the highest average acceleration. The gear selector used for left-over, parking or similar slow movement shall not be selected.
6.4.2.3.2 Speed approaching AA line
VA of the test vehicle approaching AA' line is: Va=3/4 V.
Va=50 km/h,
the lower speed of the two.
6.5 Driving operation
The test vehicle shall drive towards AA' line in the gear and stable speed specified in 6.4 with the longitudinal center plane as close to CC as possible. When approaching AA line, the allowable error of the engine speed and vehicle speed of the test vehicle is ±3%. When the front end of the test vehicle reaches the AA line, the throttle should be fully opened as soon as possible and kept in the fully open position. When the rear end of the test vehicle passes the BB line, the throttle should be closed as soon as possible to the desired speed state. 6.6 Round trip measurement and value requirements
6.1 The same measurement is carried out in a round trip, and each side of the test vehicle is measured at least twice. The maximum reading of the sound level meter when the test vehicle passes each time. The difference between two consecutive measurement results on the same side of the test vehicle should not exceed 2dB, otherwise the measurement value is invalid. 6.6.2 Subtract 1 dB from each measured reading as the measurement result. 6.6.3 Take two measurement values on each side of the test vehicle for the round trip measurement, and take the average of the four measurement values as the maximum noise level of the test vehicle. The measurement value is rounded to an integer according to the requirements of GB/T5378. 6.7 Measurement record
Fill in the table in Appendix C (Appendix of the standard) with the measurement data and results, measurement conditions, technical parameters of the test vehicle and measuring instruments, etc. If there are any circumstances to be explained, please fill in the "Other Explanations" column. 7 Quantitative Noise Measurement Method
7.1 Measurement Environment
7.1.1 Measurement Site (see Figure 3)
7.1.1.1 The measurement site should be a flat ground with a dry surface made of concrete, concrete or hard materials with high reflectivity (excluding compacted soil or other natural materials). A rectangular measurement area should be able to be marked out in the ground. The four sides of the rectangle should be at least 3m away from the outer contour of the test vehicle (excluding the handlebars). There should be no obstacles that affect the sound level meter reading within this range. The distance between the sound level meter microphone and the road edge should be not less than 1 meter.
7.1.1.2 During the measurement, except for the measurement personnel and the driver, there should be no other personnel in the measurement area. The position of the measurement personnel and the driver should not affect the instrument reading.
7.1.2 Meteorology
The requirements for meteorological conditions shall be in accordance with the provisions of 6.1.2. 7.1.3 Background noise
GB16169—2000
3m above
3m above
Install microphone
45°±10
Flat ground made of hard materials such as soil and asphalt Figure 3 Noise measurement site and measurement area During the measurement, the background noise (A-weighted sound level) should be at least 10 dB lower than the noise of the test vehicle. 7.2 Placement and status of the test vehicle
7.2.1 The test vehicle should be placed in the center of the rectangular measurement area (see Figure 3). 7.2.2 The transmission of the test vehicle is in neutral gear and the high clutch is engaged. If there is no neutral gear, the drive wheels can be dangled so that the drive wheels can run under no-load conditions, or the drive wheels of the test light three-wheeled trailer can be placed on the drum. 7.2. 3 If the vehicle under test is equipped with an automatic windshield, it should not be interfered with during the measurement. 7.2.4 Before the measurement, the vehicle under test shall be preheated according to the provisions of GB/T5378 to make the engine temperature reach the normal operation requirements. 7.3 Microphone volume and measurement point selection (see Figure 4) 7.3.1 The reference axis of the microphone is parallel to the ground and forms an angle of 45°±10° with the plane passing through the airflow direction of the exhaust port and perpendicular to the ground. Relative to this plane, the microphone is located on the side with a greater distance from the exterior corridor (excluding the handlebars) of the test vehicle. The microphone is placed toward the exhaust port, 0.5m away from the exhaust muffler outlet, and at a height between the exhaust muffler tail pipe outlet, but the height from the ground shall not be less than 0.2m. When this requirement cannot be met due to vehicle structural reasons, the microphone is placed toward the exhaust port, at a place closest to the above conditions and at a distance greater than 0.5m from the vehicle body, and a measurement point diagram should be drawn to mark the microphone position. 7.3.2 If the test vehicle is equipped with two or more exhaust mufflers, when the interval between the mufflers is not greater than 0.3m, only one measurement position shall be taken, and the muffler tail pipe outlet closest to the exterior corridor (excluding the handlebars) of the test vehicle or the muffler tail pipe outlet with the highest height from the ground shall be selected. When the interval between the silencer groups is greater than 0.3 m2, each silencer outlet shall be measured. 7.4 Operation requirements
7.4.1 The engine speed of the test vehicle shall be measured under the following operating conditions: rS is greater than 5 000 r/min, take 1/2 S; S is less than or equal to 5 000 r/min, take 3/4 S. o.5m
GB16169--2000
45\±10°
45\±10°
Microphone
Sound transmission
45°±10°
0.3m or more
45°±109
Figure 4 The distance between the sound transmission groups during the stationary noise measurement 7.4.2 After the engine is stabilized at the specified speed, measure the sound of the process of decelerating from the stable speed to the speed as quickly as possible. The measurement time range should include a short period of engine constant speed operation and the whole deceleration process. 7.5 Value requirements
Repeat the test at each measurement position, measure the maximum value of the sound level each time, and take the maximum value of three consecutive measurements as the measurement result. The difference between the three measurements should not exceed 2, otherwise the measurement result is invalid. The test vehicle is equipped with more than 2 mufflers, and the maximum measurement value of the noise level at each measurement point is taken as the measurement result. The measurement value is rounded to an integer according to the requirements of GB/T 5378. 7.6 Measurement record
Fill in the measurement data and results, measurement conditions, technical parameters of the test vehicle and measuring instruments in the table of Appendix D (Standard Appendix). If there is a need for explanation, it should be filled in the "Other Notes" column of the table. GB16169-2000
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Requirements for exhaust silencer systems equipped with fiber sound absorbing materialsA1 The fiber sound absorbing materials of the exhaust silencer system shall not contain asbestos.A2 During the entire service life, the fiber sound absorbing materials shall be ensured to be stable and immovable in the exhaust silencer system.A3 The exhaust silencer system only needs to meet the requirements of any one of A3.1, A3.2 and A3.3.A3.1 After removing the fiber materials of the exhaust silencer system, the maximum driving noise of the test vehicle shall reach the limit value specified in this standard.A3.2 The fiber sound absorbing materials shall not be placed in the parts of the exhaust silencer system where the exhaust gas flow passes, and meet the following requirements:a) Place the fiber sound absorbing materials in a furnace and heat them to 650℃, keep them warm for 4 hours, and the average length, diameter or density of the fibers shall not decrease.
b) After heating in a furnace at 650°C ± 5°C for 1 hour, test according to the provisions of ISO 2599. At least 98% of the material shall remain in the sieve with a mesh size of 250μm in accordance with the provisions of GB/T6003.1. c) At 90°C ± 5°C, the fiber sound-absorbing material is soaked in a liquid synthesized with the following ingredients for 24 hours. The mass loss shall not exceed 10.5%. A solution containing 80.91 g (1 equivalent concentration) of hydrobromic acid (HBr) per liter A solution containing 49.04 g (1 equivalent concentration) of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) per liter Water to
Note: Before weighing the fiber sound-absorbing material, it must be rinsed with slow water and dried at 105°C for 1 hour. 10 mL
1 000 mL www.bzxz.net
A3.3 Before measuring driving noise, one of the following methods should be used to put the exhaust silencer system of the test vehicle in normal use. A3.3.1 Continuous road driving adjustment
A3.3.1.1 The shortest distance traveled by the test vehicle shall be determined according to Table A1. Table A1 Shortest distance of continuous road driving
Test vehicle
Light two-wheeled tractor
Light three-wheeled tractor
Driving distance
A3.3.1.2 50%±10% of the continuous road cycle is carried out in urban driving, and the rest is long-distance high-speed driving. It can also be replaced by a corresponding test running program.
A3.3.1.3 The two speed conditions of the continuous road cycle are alternated at least 6 times. A3.3.1.4 The entire test program must stop at least 10 times, and each stop must be cooled for at least 3 hours. A3.3-2 Pulsation regulation
A3.3.2.1 The exhaust silencer system or its components should be installed on the test vehicle or engine. In the former case, the test vehicle is installed on the chassis dynamometer. In the latter case, the engine is installed on the test bench. The test device is shown in Figure A1 and is installed at the outlet of the exhaust silencer system. Other devices that provide equivalent results may also be used. SFoS
$50±5
GB 16169—2000
Ideal
1—connection to the intake flange or sleeve at the rear of the exhaust silencer system of the vehicle under test; 2—manual regulating valve; 3—compensation tank with a maximum volume of 40 L and a filling time of not less than 1 s; 4—pressure switch with a working range of 5~-250 kPa; 15—delay switch; 6—pulsation counter; 17—speed control, for example, an exhaust brake with a diameter of 60 mm is controlled by a pneumatic cylinder with an output force of 120 N at 400 kPa. The response time of opening and closing is no more than 0.5, 8-air extraction volume; 9-buttocks, 10-pressure gauge Figure A1 Test device for pulsation regulation
A3.3.2.2 The test device consists of a moving valve, which interrupts and restores the exhaust gas flow alternately 2500 times. A3.3.2.3 When the exhaust back pressure measured at least 100 mm downstream of the flange of the test equipment inlet is 35~40 kP, open the quick-acting valve. If this value cannot be obtained due to engine characteristics, when the exhaust back pressure reaches 90% of the maximum value measured before the engine is stopped, open the quick-acting valve, and when this back pressure differs from the stable value when the quick-acting valve is opened by no more than 10%, close the valve. A3.3-2.4 Calculate the exhaust duration according to the requirements of A3.3.2.3 and adjust the delay switch. A3.3.2.5 The engine speed is 3/4 S. A3.3.2.6 The power displayed on the dynamometer must be 50% of the full throttle power at an engine speed of 3/4 s. A3.3.2.7 The exhaust muffler system drain hole shall be blocked during the test. A3.3.2.8 The entire test shall be completed within 48 hours. If necessary, a cooling period shall be allowed after each hour. A3.3.3 Test bench adjustment
A3.3.3.1 The exhaust muffler system shall be installed on an engine designed for this type of light trailer, and the engine shall be mounted on the test bench. A3.3.3.2
The adjustment process consists of the specified number of bench test cycles, see Table A2. Table A2 Engine test bench adjustment
Light two-wheeled scooter
Light three-wheeled scooter
A3. 3. 3. 3
After each test bench test cycle, the engine should be shut down for at least 6 hours for adjustment
Each test bench test cycle consists of 6 stages. The engine operating conditions and running time of each stage are shown in Table A3. A3.3.3.4
GB16169-2000
Engine test bench adjustment cycle conditions
1/4 load at 3/4S
1/2 load at 3/4S
Full load at 3/4S
1/2 load at S
1/4 load at S
A3.3.3.5 If the manufacturer requires, the engine and muffler can be cooled during the adjustment process to ensure that the temperature measured at a point not more than 100 mm away from the exhaust outlet is not higher than the temperature measured when the engine speed is 3/4S when the light motorcycle is in the highest gear. The measurement error of the engine speed and the light motorcycle speed is within ±3%,Appendix B
(Appendix with the mark)
Requirements for test pavement for acoustic measurement
This appendix is based on the main contents of I50 10844 and specifies the technical requirements for the paving of test pavement and the physical properties to be achieved and their measurement methods.
B1 Definitions
This appendix adopts the following definitions.
B1.1 Void ratio
Void ratio refers to the percentage of the pore volume between aggregates in pavement concrete to the total volume of concrete, expressed as V. These pores are either interconnected (closed pores) or connected to the surrounding atmosphere (open pores). The air void ratio of the test pavement is determined based on the core sample obtained by the following formula:
(1-pa/pa)×100%
wherein, PA——apparent density of the core sample:
maximum theoretical density of the core sample.
wherein the apparent density A is determined by the following formula: PA-m/V
wherein: m——mass of the core sample obtained from the test pavement V——volume of the core sample, excluding the volume of air in the open air on the road surface. ....(B1)
The maximum theoretical density PR is determined based on the measured mass and volume of the binder, the mass and volume of the aggregate contained in each core sample. It is given by the following formula:
wherein mg
mass of binder
mass of filler:
volume of binder;
volume of filler.
B1.2 Sound absorption coefficient
GF 16169-2000
The sound absorption coefficient refers to the ratio of the intensity of the sound waves absorbed by the pavement material to the intensity of the sound waves emitted by the pavement material, expressed as a: three unreflected sound intensity, total emitted sound intensity·… (B4)
Generally speaking, the sound absorption coefficient is faster than the frequency and the angle of incidence of the sound wave. The sound absorption coefficient specified in this standard corresponds to a sound wave frequency range of 400 to 1 600 Hz, and the incidence is vertical.
B1.3 Road surface structural depth
The road surface structural depth refers to the average depth of the uneven open gaps on the surface of a certain road surface, expressed in MTD (mm). That is, the average thickness of a layer of fine special-specification glass sphere sand required to fill the open gaps on the road surface. The upper surface of this layer of sphere sand is a plane tangent to the peaks and protrusions of the road surface.
B2 Requirements for pavement properties
If the measured road surface structural depth and void ratio or sound absorption coefficient of the pavement meet the following requirements and also meet the design requirements of B3.2, the pavement can be considered to meet the requirements of this appendix. B2.1 Void ratio
The void ratio of the concrete of the test pavement after construction shall meet: V.≤8%. The measurement method is shown in B4.1. B2.2 Sound absorption coefficient
If the pavement does not meet the void ratio requirement, the sound absorption coefficient must meet the requirement of α≤0.10. The measurement method is shown in B4.2. Note: Although road builders are more familiar with void ratio, the most relevant property is the sound absorption coefficient. However, the sound absorption coefficient is only measured when the void ratio does not meet the requirements. Since the measurement and correlation of void ratio have large uncertainties, it is possible to incorrectly reject certain pavements based solely on the measurement of void ratio.
B2.3 Depth of road surface structure
The average road surface structure depth measured by the volume method shall meet the following requirements: MTD ≥ 0.4 mm. The measurement method is shown in B4.3. B2.4 Uniformity of road surface
The road surface structure depth and void ratio of the road surface in the test area shall be as uniform as possible. Note that if the rolling effect is different in some areas, the road surface structure will be different and uneven. B2.5 Inspection cycle
In order to check whether the road surface foundation meets the requirements of road surface structure depth, void ratio or sound absorption coefficient specified in this appendix, periodic road surface inspections shall be carried out at the following time intervals: 1) For void ratio or sound absorption coefficient
When the road surface is newly paved, check once. If the new road surface meets the requirements, no periodic inspection is required. If the new road surface does not meet the requirements, it can also be inspected after a period of time, because the road surface voids will be blocked and become dense over time. 6> For the road surface structural depth
When the road surface is newly paved, check it once. When the noise test starts (note that it should be carried out 4 weeks after paving), check it once. Check it once a year thereafter.
B3 Design of test road surface
B3.1 Area
The test site is shown in Figure 1. The shaded area shown in the figure is the minimum area that is paved and compacted by machinery using the specified material. When designing the test runway, at least the area where the light motorcycle is driven in the test should be built with the specified road surface material and have the edges required for safe driving. The width of the runway is required to be at least 3m, and the length of the runway is at least 10m longer at the AA line and the BB line. B3.2 Design and preparation of the road surface
B3.2.1 Basic design requirements
The test road surface should meet the following 4 design requirements. B3.2.1.1 Viscous asphalt concrete should be used. 3.2.1.2 The maximum size of the broken right piece should be 8 mm (the allowable range is 6.3~10 mm),5 Inspection cycle
In order to check whether the pavement base meets the requirements of the road surface structure depth, void ratio or sound absorption coefficient specified in this appendix, periodic road surface inspections shall be carried out at the following time intervals: 1) For void ratio or sound absorption coefficient
When the pavement is newly paved, check once. If the new pavement meets the requirements, no periodic inspection is required. If the new pavement does not meet the requirements, it can also be inspected after a period of time, because the pavement voids will be blocked and become dense over time. 6> For road surface structure depth
When the pavement is newly paved, check once. Check once when the noise test starts (note that it should be carried out 4 weeks after paving). Check once a year thereafter.
B3 Design of test pavement
B3.1 Area
The test site is shown in Figure 1. The shaded area shown in the figure is the minimum area that is paved and compacted by machinery using the specified material. When designing the test track, at least the area where the light motorcycle is tested should be built with the specified pavement material and have the edges required for safe driving. The width of the track is required to be at least 3m, and the length of the track is at least 10m longer at the AA line and the BB line. B3.2 Design and preparation of the road surface
B3.2.1 Basic design requirements
The test road surface should meet the following 4 design requirements. B3.2.1.1 Viscous asphalt concrete should be used. 3.2.1.2 The maximum size of the crushed stone should be 8 mm (the allowable range is 6.3~10 mm),5 Inspection cycle
In order to check whether the pavement base meets the requirements of the road surface structure depth, void ratio or sound absorption coefficient specified in this appendix, periodic road surface inspections shall be carried out at the following time intervals: 1) For void ratio or sound absorption coefficient
When the pavement is newly paved, check once. If the new pavement meets the requirements, no periodic inspection is required. If the new pavement does not meet the requirements, it can also be inspected after a period of time, because the pavement voids will be blocked and become dense over time. 6> For road surface structure depth
When the pavement is newly paved, check once. Check once when the noise test starts (note that it should be carried out 4 weeks after paving). Check once a year thereafter.
B3 Design of test pavement
B3.1 Area
The test site is shown in Figure 1. The shaded area shown in the figure is the minimum area that is paved and compacted by machinery using the specified material. When designing the test track, at least the area where the light motorcycle is tested should be built with the specified pavement material and have the edges required for safe driving. The width of the track is required to be at least 3m, and the length of the track is at least 10m longer at the AA line and the BB line. B3.2 Design and preparation of the road surface
B3.2.1 Basic design requirements
The test road surface should meet the following 4 design requirements. B3.2.1.1 Viscous asphalt concrete should be used. 3.2.1.2 The maximum size of the crushed stone should be 8 mm (the allowable range is 6.3~10 mm),
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