GB 16151.2-1996 Technical conditions for safe operation of agricultural machinery - Crawler tractors
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safe technical requirements for agricultural machinery operatingTracklaing tractor
1 Subject content and scope of application
GB 16151.2—1996
This standard specifies the technical requirements for the operation safety of the complete agricultural crawler tractor and its engine, transmission system, steering and braking system, travel system, hydraulic suspension and traction device. This standard applies to the operation safety technical inspection of agricultural crawler tractors (hereinafter referred to as tractors). 2 Reference standards
GB/T3871.1～3871.12 Test methods for agricultural wheeled and crawler tractors GB6376 Noise limits for tractors
GB10395.1 Safety technical requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery Part I: General provisions GB10396 Safety signs for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery 3 Complete machine
3.1 The signs, numbers and markings are complete and the writing is clear; the number plates are intact and placed in the specified positions; the necessary safety signs are set in conspicuous places according to the provisions of GB10396.
3.2 The appearance is neat, the machine parts, instruments, lead seals and auxiliary equipment are complete, the connections are tight, and the parts shall not be modified to hinder the operation, affect the safety and limit the performance of the original machine.
3.3 Each operating mechanism should be light and flexible, with appropriate tightness, and all automatic return operating handles or pedals should be able to return automatically when no operating force is applied.
3.4 All pipe joints, valves, sealing gaskets, oil seals, water seals, screw plugs and joint surface gaskets are complete, tightly connected, and leak-free.
3.5 Wherever there are moving parts that can cause harm, such as starting claws, fans, V-belts, transmission chains, universal shafts, power output shafts, etc., in contact with the human body, protective plates, covers, nets or fences must be installed. All protective facilities should comply with the provisions of GB10395.1. 3.6 The noise level should comply with the provisions of GB6376: the ear noise limit is 100dB (A), and the one with a quiet cab is 85dB (A). 3.7 The inspection methods for the provisions on noise, power, fuel consumption, steering, braking, hydraulic lifting, etc. in this standard can refer to the relevant provisions of GB/T3871.1~～3871.12.
4 Engine
4.1 The starting performance is good. The starting auxiliary device or measures are allowed to be used. It can start smoothly under the following temperature and starting time conditions. The number of starts shall not exceed 3 times, and the interval between each start shall be 2 minutes. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on January 12, 19966
Implementation on April 1, 1996
GB16151.2-1996
a. Electric start: not less than 0℃, each time shall not exceed 5s; b. Gasoline engine start: not less than -5℃, each time shall not exceed 2 minutes. 4.2 The idle speed and maximum idling speed are normal, the operation is stable, there is no abnormal sound, and the operation can be stopped by closing the throttle or pulling out the flameout button; under normal temperature and load, the exhaust smoke color is normal. 4.3 The power shall not be less than 85% of the rated power, and the fuel consumption rate shall not be higher than 15% of the rated fuel consumption rate. 4.4 The water temperature, oil temperature, oil pressure and fuel pressure during normal operation meet the requirements. 5 Transmission systemwww.bzxz.net
5.1 The outer shells of the clutch, gearbox, rear axle, final drive box, power output device and starter transmission mechanism are free of cracks, and there is no abnormal noise or abnormal temperature rise during operation.
5.2 The free travel of the clutch pedal meets the requirements, the separation is complete, the engagement is smooth, there is no slipping, and there is no shaking; the pedal operating force is not more than 350N.
5.3 The gear shifting operation is easy, without random gears or skipping; the gear lever operating force; parking gear shift is not more than 200N, and the power output lever operating force is not more than 200N.
5.4 The universal joint, coupling and transmission shaft are assembled correctly and cooperate well. 5.5 The starter clutch and reducer speed change handle are easy to operate, and their automatic separation mechanism should ensure that the main engine is separated at the specified speed.
6 Steering and braking system
6.1 The working stroke and free stroke of the steering lever meet the requirements, and its maximum operating force is not more than 250N. 6.2 The steering clutch should be completely separated and well engaged to ensure sensitive steering and reliable power transmission. 6.3 The brake pedal should have an appropriate free stroke, and the braking effect should be smooth, without dragging, self-braking, abnormal noise, abnormal temperature rise, etc. When pulling one side of the joystick to turn, step on the brake pedal on the same side, and the tractor should be able to turn on the spot; when the left and right joysticks are pulled to the bottom and the brake pedal is stepped on to the bottom at the same time, the tractor can stop on a longitudinal dry hard slope with a slope of 30%. 6.4 The operating force of the brake pedal is not more than 600N, and the handle brake operating force is not more than 400N. 7 Driving and traveling system
7.1 The left and right beams, front beams, rear axles and rear brackets of the frame shall not be deformed or cracked, and the rivets shall not be loose. 7.2 The working surfaces of the driving wheels, guide wheels, supporting wheels and track rollers shall wear normally. 7.3 The length of the track buffer spring after pre-stressing meets the requirements and is equal on both sides. The guide wheel shaft and its fork arm device should be able to move forward and backward without obstruction.
7.4 The tension of the track should meet the requirements.
7.5 The track shoes shall not be installed upside down in general; the wear of the track shoes and pins shall not exceed the limit. 7.6 The number of track shoes on the left and right tracks shall be equal, and the degree of wear of their parts shall also be roughly the same. 7.7 The left and right tracks shall remain parallel to the longitudinal center line of the tractor. The driving wheel and the track shoes shall not have top teeth or derailment. 8 Hydraulic suspension and traction device
8.1 The hydraulic suspension mechanism works sensitively and there shall be no noise or shaking during lifting and lowering. When the lifting frame is loaded with the maximum lifting force and the oil temperature is 65±5C, the lifting time shall not exceed 3s; the static settlement value of 30min shall not exceed 4% of the lifting stroke. 8.2 The oil level of the hydraulic system is normal, and there shall be no oil leakage or seepage at the joints and seams of each part under working pressure. 8.3 The lifting and lowering control handle of the split hydraulic system should be kept in the "neutral" or "floating" position. When the cylinder piston rises to the limit position, the handle should automatically return to the "neutral" position. 8.4 The rods of the hydraulic suspension and traction device are free of cracks, damage, and deformation, and are properly adjusted. The limit chain, safety chain, and all latches and lock pins are complete, and the pin holes are free of abnormal wear.
9 Lighting device
9.1 Crawler tractors have at least the following lighting devices: 9.1.1 Two headlights, one on each side; 9.1.2 At least one rear light;
9.1.3 At least one instrument light;
9.1.4 At least one ceiling light.
GB16151.2-1996
9.2 For tractors using permanent magnet AC generators, the voltage and power of the lighting bulbs should be consistent with the requirements of the generator, and ensure that the normal lighting requirements can be met when the engine is running at low to high speeds, that is, when the headlights are on at night, the distance ahead that can be seen clearly should be 5 to 7 times the maximum vehicle speed per second. 9.3 All electrical devices should be installed securely and should not become loose or damaged due to vibration and lose their function. 9.4 All electrical wires must be bundled, arranged neatly, fixed and clamped, with secure joints and insulating sleeves; when the wires pass through holes, insulating conduits must be installed.
10 Cab, outer cover and others
10.1 The design of the cab must meet the safety requirements specified in the relevant standards, and its doors and windows should be easy to open and close and can be closed tightly. 10.2 There shall be no sharp protrusions that may cause injury inside, outside or on the cab, and its non-metallic parts shall have a high resistance to burning.
10.3 The cab shall have a good field of vision, the front windshield shall be transparent, the driver's seat and backrest shall be comfortable, and the cushions shall not be damaged. 10.4 The operating parts in the cab shall be reasonably arranged and easy to operate. 10.5 The original engine hood, side panels, and pedals on the top of the tracks must be complete and intact, and all covers shall be flat, smooth, and reliably fixed. 10.6 Protective measures shall be taken for exposed parts that are prone to burns to ensure safety in the event of unintentional contact. 10.7 Fuel tanks and batteries shall not be installed in the cab, and the distance between them and the exhaust pipe shall not be less than 300mm, or effective heat insulation devices shall be installed.
10.8 The installation position and direction of the exhaust pipe outlet shall ensure that the exhaust gas does not harm the health of the driver or other operators. 10.9 The exterior color should be coordinated and should not affect safety and appearance. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Agricultural Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture. This standard is drafted by the Jiangsu Agricultural Machinery Safety Supervision Institute, Nantong Agricultural Machinery Safety Supervision Institute, and Nantong Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute.
The main drafters of this standard are Xuan Yinian, Ding Bocheng, Fu Xiaojun, Shi Shuwen, and Guan Yunzhang.
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