GB 8944.1-1988 Determination of bulk sales quality of pulp Part 1: Pulp board and pulp bale
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Pulp--Determination of saleable mass in lots
Part: Pulp baled in sheet form
Pulps--Determination of saleable mass in lotsPart 1:Pulp baled in sheet formThis standard applies to the determination of the saleable mass of pulp in lots. GB 8944.1-88
This standard is equivalent to ISO801/1-1979 "Pulp--Determination of saleable mass in lots--Part 1: Pulp baled in sheet form". 1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies in detail the method for determining the dryness of lots of pulp baled. And calculate the saleable mass of the lot of pulp. This method is applicable to lots of pulp baled in the form of pulp sheets for all pulp types, but not for block baled pulp or pulp baled mixed with different batches.
Appendix A lists a test report and examples of relevant calculations. Appendix B shows the scale for the position of the sample pulp sheet in the sample pulp bale. 2 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions:
2.1 The total number of pulp bales of the same specific performance in a batch, the number of bales in a batch specified by the consignor or the contract between the supply and demand parties. A batch of pulp bales with a factory certificate means that each pulp bale has a certificate with the following contents: a.
Gross weight of the pulp bale (2.2);
Absolute dryness of the pulp bale (2.4) or the sales quality of the pulp bale (2.7). 2.2 Gross weight - bale, part of a batch, or the total weight of a batch of pulp includes: a.
Pulp sheets in the package;
Packaging (pulp or paper);
Iron wire or iron belt for packaging.
2.3 Oven-dried weight The weight of pulp dried to constant weight at 105±2°C. 2.4 Oven dryness The ratio of the oven dry weight (2.3) to the original weight, expressed as a percentage. Air-dried weight The weight of the pulp when the moisture content of the pulp is in equilibrium with the surrounding environment. 2.5
The commercially accepted dryness of pulp under commercial regulations. This standard stipulates 90%. 2.61
2.7 Sales mass The gross weight multiplied by the oven dryness and divided by the commercially specified dryness, which is usually close to the air-dried weight. 2.8 Shipping bill weight The sales mass indicated by the seller on the shipping bill. 3 Sampling method
From the batch of pulp, select a number of sampling pulp bales, the number of bales taken depends on the total number of bales in the batch. Weigh the weight of these sampling pulp bales separately, and divide every six bales into a group.
From each sampling pulp bale, 5 sample pulp boards are drawn under specified conditions. For each sample pulp board, cut a square sample according to the method indicated in Chapter 6. Weigh the sample and dry it to constant weight. Calculate its absolute dryness, and then calculate the sales quality of this batch of pulp. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on April 12, 1988 and implemented on August 1, 1988
GB8944.1---88
Note: 1) The average gross weight of the sampled pulp package is taken as the average gross weight of all pulp packages in this batch of pulp. 4 Instruments and equipment
4.1 Scale: weighing range 500kg, sensitivity 0.2kg. 4.2 Balance: sensitivity 0.01g.
4.3 Determining layer measuring rod and positioning template: measuring rod for marking the layer position of the sample pulp bag (see Appendix B) and the template for taking out the sample pulp board from these sample pulp bags to determine the sample cutting position and the tool for cutting the sample. Note: 1) It is recommended that the Daxiang brand JIJ-1.5 electric scissors produced by Shanghai Sharp Tool Factory or the Triangle brand PC506 safety multi-purpose knife produced by Beijing Metal Cultural and Educational Factory can be used as sampling tools.
4.4 Sample storage container: can store at least 30 samples in a sealed manner 4.5 Oven: with blast, and can sensitively control the temperature at 105 ± 2 ° C. 5 Sampling pulp packages
All sampled pulp packages should represent a batch of pulp. To this end, these pulp packages should be randomly selected from various parts of a batch of pulp as much as possible. If the pulp packages are numbered, the distance between the selected package numbers should be equal as much as possible to ensure reliable representativeness. In the absence of any agreement between the two parties, the portion of the pulp batch to be sampled should not be less than half of the entire batch. bzxZ.net
If the pulp package identification number involves several sequences. Extracting sample pulp The number of packages should be as proportional as possible to the number of pulp packages in each sequence. The sampled pulp packages should be complete and as little damaged as possible. The following pulp packages cannot be used as sampled pulp packages: a. Pulp packages that have become dry or have signs of moisture (such pulp packages may be found on the outer layer of the pulp pile); b. Pulp packages or their packaging materials have been damaged, or are partially damp and damaged; c. Pulp packages with traces of previous sampling; Pulp package numbers are continuous, and the numbers are unclear or not included in the factory certificate for the batch of pulp. The number of sampling pulp bags should be determined according to the following table:
Number of sampling pulp bags
Total in batch
Above 100
101~200
201~300
301~400
401~500
501~600
601~700
701~800
801~900
901~1 000
1001~2000
Number of pulp packages sampled
Total number of packages in the batch
2 001~3 000
3 001~4 000
4 001~~5 000
GB8944.1-88
Number of sampled pulp packages
For more than 5000 packages, the minimum number of packages to be sampled is 100 plus 1% of the number of packages exceeding 5000, and the maximum number of samples is 200 packages. Moreover, the total number of sampled pulp packages should be a multiple of 6 so that they can be divided into sampled pulp package groups. When a batch of pulp is relatively uniform, the number of packages that cannot be sampled except for the outer layer of pulp packages in the pulp pile does not exceed 10% of the minimum number of packages (see Table 1), and the minimum number of packages should be sampled. Otherwise (other situations) the tester shall determine the number of sampled packages according to the table. 6 Test steps
6.1 Weighing of sampled pulp packages
Measure the gross weight of each sampled pulp package separately, accurate to 0.2kg. Report the results Report the sampled pulp package marks and numbers in the weighing order. Check the scale before and during weighing (see 4.1). If the moisture content of the pulp sheet used for packaging is significantly different from that of the pulp sheet in the pulp bag or the pulp bags are issued separately, the pulp sheets used for packaging should be measured separately according to the method described in 7.2. 6.2 Extraction of sample pulp sheets
1.7.13, etc.
2.8.14, etc.
3.9.15, etc.
4.10.16, etc.
5.11.17, etc.
6.12.18, etc.
Figure 1 Layer positions of sample pulp sheets from each group of 6 sampling pulp bags Five sample pulp sheets should be extracted from each sampling pulp bag. After weighing, refer to Figure 1 and sample according to the following steps. Take the top sheet from sampling bag No. 1, and then extract a sample pulp sheet from 1/5, 2/5, 3/5, and 4/5 of the bag thickness. The sample pulp sheet of the No. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 sampling pulp packs is extracted from a position 1/50 lower than the corresponding pulp sheet of the previous pack. Therefore, the first sample pulp sheet of the No. 6 sampling pulp pack should be extracted from 1/10 of the top of the pulp pack, and the last sample pulp sheet should be extracted from 1/10 of the bottom of the pulp pack. The other group of sampling pulp packs starts the cycle again and proceeds according to the same sampling method as above. In this way, the sample pulp sheets are extracted from each group of 6 sampling pulp packs. The ratio is that every 30 samples cut are equivalent to the area of a pulp sheet. Note: For pulp packs composed of folded or spliced pulp sheets, the pulp sheets are sometimes folded twice or three times to form overlapping pulp sheets so as to make pulp packs of the same size for delivery. In this case, "pulp sheet" should be understood as the thickness of a layer of pulp sheet. If several pulp sheets are folded into a stack, the sample should be cut from the sample pulp sheet according to the above provisions, and a stack of pulp sheets should be cut along the fold to determine the exact position of the sample pulp sheet. When each pulp board in the pulp bag is made up of two pulp boards, it should be regarded as a pulp board. All sample pulp boards must be carefully selected, especially those within 5 cm from the top and bottom of the bag. 481
GB 8944.1-—88
It is easy to extract each layer of pulp boards with the help of a six-sided measuring rod with appropriate graduations (see Appendix B). The pulp measuring rod is placed obliquely close to the side of the sample pulp bag so that the rod surface corresponds to the pulp bag surface. Make its lower end flush with the bottom surface of the pulp bag, and make its upper line flush with the top surface of the pulp bag. The graduation line on the rod surface corresponds to the 5 sample pulp boards in the pulp bag. If the top and bottom sample pulp boards of the pulp bag are determined by numbers or other marks, the first group of 6 sampling pulp bags starts from the top. The second group starts from the bottom. The following groups of 6 pulp bags should be sampled alternately according to the above method. 6.3 Cutting samples
This standard adopts the constant area cutting sample method. Start from the first package of a group of 6 sampling pulp packages. Proceed as follows. Cut the sample pulp board into triangles. The vertex of the triangle must be at the center of the pulp board. The length of the triangle is: Where: L,——the length of the long side of the pulp board; and
L2 the length of the short side of the pulp board.
The sample cut from the first sample pulp board has one side that coincides with the diagonal of the pulp board (the starting point shown in Figure 2). The quantitative difference of the sample pulp boards is different. The compensation method is to cut a narrower sample from a thicker pulp board; and a wider sample from a thinner pulp board. Cut samples from each sample pulp board in sequence as shown in Figure 2. These 5 triangular samples are used as samples of sampling pulp package No. 1. The sample of sampling pulp package No. 2 is cut from the clockwise adjacent position of each sample position in sampling pulp package No. 1, and samples are cut from sampling pulp packages No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6 in turn.
For each group of 6 sampling pulp bags, use the same method to cut samples. The total area of the samples taken from each group is equal to the area of one pulp board. If the nature of the pulp and the shape of the pulp board make it difficult to cut the sample, double the area can be cut.
The method of cutting samples with a constant area is illustrated in the figure below. In the figure: Arabic numerals are the sampling pulp bag numbers. Chinese numerals: sample numbers.
5/三6/=1/四[2/四73/四74/四7/刚6/四
Figure 2 Illustration of cutting samples with a constant area L
6.4 Weighing and drying of samples
Collect the samples taken. It is best to weigh each group of 6 sampling pulp bags separately, accurate to 0.01g. Avoid reducing or increasing the weight before weighing. The sample is dried in a forced air drying oven at 105 ± 2°C to constant weight. When the difference between two consecutive weighings at least 1 hour apart is no more than 0.1% of the original sample weight, it is considered to have reached constant weight. If the batch of samples is removed from the oven for weighing, the time interval between removal and weighing should not exceed 1 minute. 482
7 Result expression
GB 8944.1-88
7.1 Pulp packages are not packaged in pulp boards and there is no factory certificate (for other cases, see 7.2 and 7.3). The average value of the sales quality X (expressed in C%) of the batch pulp is calculated according to formula (2):
=mi100
+m2100
..ma) + N.
(mja, +mzα2 +
Where; mi.m2.....m.
a2.a2.....an
·(2)
The gross weight of each group of 6 sampled pulp bags 2.2 (total weight of 6 pulp bags) (6.1) is accurate to 0.2kg; the absolute dryness of each group of 6 sampled pulp bags (2.4) is accurate to the first decimal place, %; the total number of bags of this batch of pulp;
the number of sampled pulp bags;
the commercially specified dryness is 90%.
The result is calculated accurately to 1kg.
7.2 Pulp bags wrapped in pulp boards:
If the packages are weighed separately, each pulp bag should be weighed intact, and then the foreskin and packaging materials (the packaging materials include all pulp boards folded inside and on the sides and outside) should be removed, and the single Weigh separately. The gross weight of the packaging material (2.2) (including iron wire and iron belt) is subtracted from the gross weight of the whole package. To determine the net weight of the pulp board in the package. Take a single sample from the packaging material of each group of 6 sampled pulp packages, and cut a sample from all the packaging materials of one pulp package in the same way, and cut a 10mm wide sample diagonally. The absolute dryness (2.4) is determined by the triangular sample determination method, and the pulp board in the sampled pulp package is sampled by the sampling method without packaging.
The sales mass of the packaging material and pulp board measured for each group of pulp packages is added together to obtain the sales mass of this batch of pulp packages. 7.3 Batch pulp with factory certificates attached (see 2.1): The average sales mass of the sampled pulp package calculated according to the factory certificate of the manufacturer shall not exceed ±0. 5%.
In this case, the sales quality Y (at dryness (%)) of a batch of pulp with a complete factory certificate is calculated according to formula (3): ×100
Y=m100
+m2100
(mja, +mza? +.+mnan)d
Where. mi.m?....m.
U,.uy.*..--*an
The gross weight of each sampling pulp bag group (2.2) (6 sampling pulp bags in a group) is accurate to 0.2kg; the absolute dryness (2.4) of each sampling pulp bag group is rounded to one decimal place, %; commercial dryness (90%);
According to the delivery note, the sales mass of the batch of pulp (dryness is (C%), kg; the sales mass of the sampling pulp bag calculated according to the factory certificate, kg. The above calculation results are accurate to 1kg.
(3)
7.4 Mixed group:
If for some reason it is necessary to take samples from more than two groups of sampling pulp bags and mix them for weighing, the corresponding items of formulas 7.1 and 7.2 should be specified as follows:
ml, m2, m, containing 6 sampling pulp bags (6.1), the gross weight (2.2) of the mixed group is accurate to 0.2kg. 1. a2, α, absolute density of mixed pulp package % (2.4) rounded to decimal place. 8 Test report
The test report should include the following items:
National standard number;
GB 8944.1—88
All indicators necessary for comprehensive identification of the batch of pulp; the sales quality of the batch of pulp;
Any abnormal phenomenon encountered during the test; Any operation that is not specified or optional in the standard but has an impact on the test results. Appendix A gives the format of the test report. 484
A1 Test report
GB 8944.1—88
Appendix A
Test report and related calculation examples
(reference)
We sampled and tested a batch of 200 unbleached sulfite wood pulp packages and calculated the sales quality. The number of this batch of pulp is 3579.
Mark: ×××
Storage place: ××× warehouse
Storage method: Indoor
Name and address of seller and buyer: ××× pulp mill X×× paper mill
Factory certificate for identifying the batch of pulp: production number and date, details of dryness for each package, transportation method: train
Sampling date: 19
Sampling place: ×X city X× warehouse
Total number of pulp bales before the test (approximately): 200 Condition of pulp bales: good
Packing form: pulp board
This test is carried out in accordance with GB8944.1-88 "Pulp
Number of sampling bales: 36
Total number of pulp bales in a batch: 200
Determination of bulk sales quality Part 1: Pulp boards and pulp bales". Calculate the drying weight of the sampled pulp bag: 6084.9kg Calculate the sales volume of the sampled pulp bag according to the factory certificate (calculated at 90% absolute dryness) According to the delivery note, the sales volume of this batch of pulp bags (calculated at 90% absolute dryness) (36750) kgl) Witness:
Date:
Note: 1) The values in brackets are the corresponding values calculated using the factory certificate. According to the test, the sales volume of this batch of pulp bags (calculated at 90% absolute dryness) is 37561 kg. ① The quantity short or over the weight on the delivery note is expressed in kg. 811kg more; ② The shortage or excess (for the standard quantity on the delivery note) is expressed as a percentage. If it exceeds 2.2%, the detailed description of the sampling pulp package and the sample is shown in A2. 485
Detailed description of the sampling pulp package and the sample
GB 8944.1-88
Table Al (
(The gross weight of the pulp package is calculated to the nearest 0.2kg) Sampling pulp package
Packaging
Packaging
Packaging
Dry weight
Absolute dryness
Grouped sampling pulp package
Dry weight calculated by test
Press out! Certificate calculation
Dry weight of the bullet
(1 021.6)
(1 008.6)
Sampling pulp bag
Packaging
Packaging
A3 Calculation
A3.1 No factory certificate:
GB8944.1—88
Continued Table Al
[m×+m2×
Dry weight
Absolute dryness
... +m ×
Grouped sampling pulp bag
Calculated according to the test
Dry weight
978. 8 + 991. 5 + 1 000. 9 + 1 038. 6 + 1 005. 3 + 1 069. 86 084. 9(kg)
X = 6 084.9 X 200 × 100
90 X 36
X = 37 561(kg)
A3.2With factory certificate:
=37561.1(kg)
Dry weight calculated according to the certificate
(10112)
(5 953.5)
Dry weight of sample pulp bag calculated according to the factory certificate=977.9+977.6+984.3+1021.6+980.9+1011.2=5953.5(kg)
5 953. 5 × 100
6 615.0(kg)
6084.9X36750×100
90 X 5 953.5 X 100
Y=37 561(kg)
Percentage of shortage or excess: +2.2% or 811kg 37 561.1(kg)
GB 8944.1—88
Appendix B
Device for marking the position of the sample pulp plate in the sampling pulp bag (reference part)
You can use three rulers with appropriate graduations on each side or a six-sided measuring rod with appropriate graduations, each side has a graduation corresponding to one bag in a group of 6 bags.
1 Graduation value of six-sided measuring rod
Sampling pulp bag
Sampling pulp bag
Sampling pulp bag
Sampling pulp bag
Sampling pulp bag
For example: the ruler length is 60cm (excluding the handle), and the graduation value on each surface starting from the upper line is shown in Table 2. Additional remarks:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Light Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Paper Industry Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Light Industry. This standard is drafted by the Liaoning Provincial Paper Research Institute. 488
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