GB/T 22760-2020.Consumer product safety-General principles for risk assessment.
1 Scope
GB/T 22760 specifies the procedures, contents and requirements for consumer product safety risk assessment.
GB/T 22760 applies to the risk assessment of consumer products during normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.
2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
2.1
Consumer productconsumer product
Products designed and manufactured primarily but not limited to personal use, including product components, parts, accessories, instructions for use and packaging.
[GB/T 35248-2017, definition 2.2]
2.2
Injury
Damage to human health or property.
Note: Rewrite GB/T 20002.4-2015, definition 3.1.
2.3
hazard
potential source that may cause harm.
[GB/T 28803-2012, definition 3.2]
2.4
hazardous event hazardous event
event that can cause harm.
Note: Rewrite GB/T 20002,4-2015, definition 3.3.
2.5
hazardous situation hazardous situation
situation where people or property are exposed to one or more hazards.
Note: Rewrite GB/T 20002.4-2015, definition 3.4.
2.6
Risk
A combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of the harm.
Note 1: The probability of occurrence includes the possibility of a hazardous situation occurring, a harming event occurring, and the possibility of avoiding or limiting the harm.
Note 2: Rewritten from GB/T 20002.4-2015, definition 3.9.
2.7
Safety
The state in which unacceptable risks are eliminated.
[GB/T 20002.4-2015, definition 3.14]
2.8
Consumer product safety
The state in which consumer products are free from unacceptable risks.
[GB/T 28803- -2012, definition 3.4]
2.9
Consumer product life cycleconsumer product life cycle
The entire process of consumer products from design, production, packaging, storage, transportation, use (including maintenance) to recycling.
[GB/T 28803-2012, definition 3.5]
2.10
Intended use
Use according to the information provided by the product and/or system. In the absence of such information, use according to the commonly understood mode.
[GB/T 20002.4-2015, definition 3.6]
This standard specifies the procedures, contents and requirements for consumer product safety risk assessment. This standard applies to the risk assessment of consumer products during normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.

ICS03.120.01
A00
GB
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T22760—2020
replaces GB/T22760—2008||tt| |Consumer product safety-General principles for risk assessment
Consumer product safety-General principles for risk assessment released on 2020-07-21
State Administration for Market Regulation
National Standardization Administration Committee
Release
2020-07-21 Implementation
Foreword
Scope
2
3
Terms and Definitions| |tt||General requirements for risk assessment
Procedure and content of risk assessment
Appendix A (informative appendix)
Appendix B (informative appendix)
Appendix C (Informative Appendix)
Appendix D (Informative Appendix)
Appendix E (Informative Appendix)
References
Title
Times| |tt||Consumer Product Safety Physical Hazard Risk Assessment Process and Methodology Consumer Product Safety Chemical Hazard and Biological Hazard Risk Assessment Process and Methodology Consumer Product Safety Hazard (Source) Type Examples
Consumer Product Safety Hazard Type Examples
Consumer Product Safety Examples of risk classification methods for hazards GB/T22760—2020
11
13
17
19
20
Foreword|| tt||This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009 GB/T22760-2020
This standard replaces GB/T22760-2008 "General Principles for Consumer Product Safety Risk Assessment" and is consistent with GB/T22760-2008 In comparison, the main technical changes are as follows:
The standard name is changed from "General Principles for Consumer Product Safety Risk Assessment" to "Guidelines for Consumer Product Safety Risk Assessment":
The terms "hazard characterization" and "exposure assessment" are added "Risk characterization" (see Chapter 2); - In the general requirements for risk assessment, the requirement "throughout the life cycle of consumer products" is added (see 3.3; the informative appendix "Consumer Product Safety Physical Hazard Risk Assessment Process and Methods" is added (See Appendix A); - Added an informative appendix "Consumer Product Safety Chemical Hazards and Animal Hazard Risk Assessment Process and Methods" (see Appendix B); - Added an informative appendix "Examples of Consumer Product Safety Injury Types" (see Appendix B) Appendix D); 1. Added an informative appendix "Examples of Risk Classification Methods for Consumer Product Safety Hazards" (see Appendix E). This standard was proposed and drafted by the National Consumer Product Safety Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC508). China Institute of Standardization, Guangdong Institute of Standardization, Hunan Provincial Commodity Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Limu Kitchen and Bathroom Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Delekang Food Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Meihengyu Textile Technology Co., Ltd., Monali Sha Group Co., Ltd., China Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Hunan Provincial Institute of Standardization, Ningbo Yiren Toys Co., Ltd., Foshan Quality Measurement Supervision and Inspection Center, Xinjiang Melio Clothing Co., Ltd., Xiqiao Sanfeng Health, Nanhai District, Foshan City Supplies Co., Ltd., Shandong Provincial Product Quality Inspection Institute, Shandong Provincial Institute of Standardization, Shenzhen Institute of Standards and Technology, Guangdong Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, China Machinery Niu Productivity Promotion Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, this Main drafters of the standard: Liu Xia, Chen Xuezhang, Su Guangrong, Lin Xiaowei, Chen Yanfei, Zheng Xianhua, Zhang Qikang, Zhang Qing, Zhou Qi, Ou Zhuokun, Pei Fei, Chen Liangquan, Ji Weibing, Li Huijun, Guan Qiming, Gao Cuiling, Wang, Yang , Li Jin, Chen Qianwen, Liu Tiezhong, Wen Wanliang, Qian Guoqing, Zhao Weiwei, Fu Huiqing, Li Tao, Qiao Feng, Liu Wenjun, Li Kaiming, Qian Shuang. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: -GB/T22760-2008.
Sn
Ⅲ
1 Scope
Consumer Product Safety
Risk Assessment Guidelines
This standard specifies the procedures for consumer product safety risk assessment , Contents and Requirements This standard applies to the risk assessment of dry consumer products during normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. 2 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 2.1
Consumer products
consumerproduct
GB/T22760—2020
Products designed and produced mainly but not limited to for personal use, including product components, parts, Accessories, instructions for use and packaging. [GB/T35248—2017, definition 2.2]
2.2
Injury
injury
Damage to human health or property.
Note: Adapted from GB/T20002.4-2015, definition 3.1.2.3
Hazard (source)
hazard
Potential sources that may cause harm.
[GB/T28803-2012 definition 3.2]
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
SAG
Hazardous event
hazardousevent
An event that can cause harm.
Note: Adapted from GB/T20002.4-2015, definition 3.3. Hazardous situation
hazardous situation
A situation in which people and property are exposed to one or more hazards. Note: Adapted from GB/T20002.4-2015, definition 3.4. Risk
risk
The combination of the probability of injury and the severity of injury Note 1: The probability of occurrence includes the occurrence of a hazardous situation, the occurrence of an injury event, and the possibility of avoiding or limiting the injury. Note 2: Adapted from GB/T20002.4-2015, definition 3.9. safety
Safety
The state of being free from unacceptable risks. [GB/T20002.4-2015, Definition 3.14] Consumer product safety
consumerproductsafety
Consumer products are exempt from unacceptable risks. 1
GB/T22760—2020
[GB/T28803—2012, definition 3.4]
2.9
consumer product life cycle
consumer product lifecycle|| tt||The entire process of consumer goods from design, production, packaging, storage and transportation, use (including maintenance), and recycling [GB/T28803—2012, definition 3.5]
2.10
Intended use||tt ||intended use
Use according to the information provided by the product and/or system. In the absence of such information, use according to the generally understood model. GB/T20002.4—2015. Definition 3.6
2.11
2.12
5zIC
reasonablyforeseeablemisusereasonablyforeseeablemisuse
Caused by human behavior, the product and/or system is not used in the manner provided by the supplier. [GB/T20002.4-2015, Definition 3.7] Tolerable risk
tolerablerisk
A risk that is acceptable within a certain range according to the value orientation of today's society. Note: In this standard, "acceptable risk" and "tolerable risk" are considered synonyms. [GB/T20002.4-2015, definition 3.15] 2.13
risk estimation
Risk estimation
The process of assigning a value to the possibility of harm occurring and the severity of its consequences. [GB/T28803—2012, definition 3.13]
2.14
Risk analysis
risk analysis
The process of systematically using available information to determine hazards and estimate risks,[ GB/T20002.4—2015, definition 3.10]2.15
Risk evaluation riskevaluation
The process of determining whether tolerable risks have been achieved based on the results of risk analysis. [GB/T20002.4-2015, definition 3.122.16
Risk assessment
riskassessment
Includes the whole process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation. [GB/T23694-2013, definition 4.4.1]2.17
hazardcharacterization
Hazard characterization
Qualitative or quantitative (if applicable) description of the inherent characteristics of a chemical substance that may cause potential hazardous effects. Note: Hazard characterization includes dose-response assessment and the associated uncertainties. 2.18
exposureassessment
Exposure assessment
Evaluation of consumer exposure to chemical substances (and their derivatives). 2.19
risk characterization
Risk characterization
Qualitative and quantitative description of the possibility of a chemical substance causing known or potential adverse health effects on consumers under certain exposure conditions and its associated uncertainties.
2
3General requirements for risk assessment
3.1
Information validity
GB/T22760—2020
Before risk assessment, relevant information should be widely collected. During the assessment process, relevant information should be continuously investigated and supplemented, and the information should be ensured to be true, reliable and timely.
3.2 Combination of qualitative and quantitative methods
Scientific and effective risk assessment methods should be selected according to the types and characteristics of consumer product safety hazards (sources). When appropriate data is available, quantitative methods of risk assessment should be given priority. 3 Throughout the life cycle of consumer products
3.3
Different risk assessment methods should be used according to the characteristics of each stage of the life cycle of consumer products. 3.4 Comprehensive assessment
The level of scientific, technological, economic and knowledge development should be comprehensively considered to determine the hazards (sources), tolerable risks and risk levels. Repeated reviews should be conducted as needed to determine tolerable risks.
4 Procedures and Contents of Risk Assessment
4.1 Procedures
The general procedures of risk assessment include: pre-assessment preparation, hazard identification, risk estimation, risk evaluation and other steps. The procedures of consumer product safety risk assessment are shown in Figure 1. The risk assessment process of physical hazards, chemical hazards and biological hazards of consumer products can be refined on the basis of this process, see Appendix A and Appendix B. Start
Preparation before assessment
Risk control
Reduce risk
No
Note: The shaded part is the general procedures of risk assessment. Hazard identification
Risk estimation
Risk assessment
Is the tolerable risk reached?
Yes"
End
Risk analysis
Consumer product safety risk assessment flow chart
Figure 1
Risk assessment
3
GB/T22760—2020
4.2
Content
4.2.1
Preparation before assessment
Preparation before risk assessment may include:
a) Determine the use environment, service life, user population, usage quantity, etc. of the target consumer product; b)
Based on relevant domestic and international laws, regulations, standards, literature, expert experience and other information, and taking into account the influencing factors of social and economic development levels, determine the tolerable risk of consumer product safety risk assessment. 4.2.2 Hazard Identification
Identify the hazards (sources) of consumer products during normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Appendix C gives the types of hazards (sources).
The main ways to identify hazards include:
Published regulations and standards;
a)
Scientific and technological information (product quality and safety design requirements in various industries); b)
c)
Accident reports;
d)Consumer complaints;
Media;
e)
Experiments and tests;
f)
g)
Expert opinions, etc.
4.2.3 Risk Estimation
4.2.3.1
Overviewwww.bzxz.net
After hazard identification, the risk should be estimated based on the hazard (source), considering the hazardous situation, the severity of the harm and the possibility of the harm. For specific methods of risk estimation, see Appendix A, and for types of injury, see Appendix D. 4.2.3.2
Content
-Generally speaking, risk estimation may include the following: a) Severity of injury The degree of injury to the human body caused by consumer products can generally be divided into four levels, namely, very serious, serious, general and weak, as shown in Table 1. Generally, the grading criteria are the scope of injury, harm to personal health, property loss, induced secondary harm, and preventability.
Table 1 Grading of injury degree
Grade
Very serious
High
Serious
General
Low
Weak
Characteristic description
Causes catastrophic injury. This type of injury can cause death, physical disability, or cause major property losses, etc. It can cause irreversible human injuries (such as scars, etc.) or cause major property losses. This type of injury should be treated in the emergency room or hospitalized, or the property losses caused have a certain impact on family life. The injury can be treated in the outpatient clinic, or it can cause minor property losses. The impact of this type of injury on the subsequent financial expenses of the human body or family is generally
The injury can be treated at home without medical treatment, but it causes a certain degree of discomfort to the human body and does not cause obvious property losses. This type of injury has a relatively mild impact on human health and property. GB/T22760—2020
b) The possibility of injury A specific hazardous situation corresponding to the injury can be divided into several stages, each of which corresponds to a potential stage possibility that causes the injury to occur, and the possibilities of each stage constitute the possibility of the injury. The information required to calculate the possibility of injury can be obtained through the following channels: relevant historical data;
1)
2)
Experimental simulation;
3)
Expert judgment, etc.
The possibility of injury can generally be divided into eight types, see Table 2, Table 2
Possibility
I
Large
III
IV
V
VI
Small
V
Possibility type of injury
Characteristic description
The possibility of an injury incident is extremely high, and injury incidents will occur repeatedly under any circumstances
There is a certain possibility of an injury incident occurring, which is not a small probability The event has a certain probability of occurrence of an injury event, and is a low-probability event. A few injury events will occur, but the probability is small. A few injury events will occur, but the probability is extremely small. They will not occur, but they may occur in very rare specific circumstances. In any case, an injury event will not occur. Note: The specific value of the injury probability level in the table can be determined according to the actual situation. Risk estimation method
4.2.3.3
It is necessary to consider the characteristics of consumer products and hazards (sources), and scientifically select appropriate risk estimation methods in combination with the product life cycle, see Appendix A.
4.2.4 Risk assessment
For a certain hazard, the risk level of the consumer product can be estimated based on the possibility of the injury caused by it and the degree of injury. The matrix method can generally be used to divide the risk level of consumer product hazards, see Appendix E. If a consumer product has two or more hazards, a risk assessment should be conducted for each hazard separately, and the highest risk level of various hazards should be used as the safety risk level of the consumer product. 4.2.5 Risk Assessment Documents
Consumer product safety risk assessments shall be reflected in the form of documents, including but not limited to: a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Information preparation before risk assessment;
Goals of risk assessment;
Types of hazards;
Determination of the degree of harm;
Determination of the possibility of harm;
Determination of risk assessment levels;
The impact of uncertainty in data used on risk assessment. 5
GB/T22760—2020
A.1 Risk Assessment Process
The risk assessment process is shown in Figure A.1.
Risk
|Control
A.2Construction of injury scenarios
Evaluation
Evaluation
香
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Consumer product safety physical hazard risks Start of assessment process and methods
Preparation before assessment
People
Risk
Risk
Analysis
Analysis
Figure A .1
Injury scenario construction
Hazard identification
Risk estimation
Risk evaluation
Whether it reaches
Tolerable risk||tt| |Yes
End
Identification method
Product
Environment
Fault tree
Event tree
Mechanical hazard|| tt||Hazard Type
Explosion Hazard
Scenario Analysis
Blunt Injury
Injury Type Explosive Damage
Noise Damage
Noise Hazard
Probability of occurrence
Severity
Consumer product safety physical hazard risk assessment flow chart considers reasonably foreseeable consumer product safety event sequences or combinations that may cause harm, and evaluates the hazard situation Records. Generally speaking, injury scene records include but are not limited to the following: a)
The operating mode that caused the injury;
The type and number of people involved in the hazardous situation; b)|| tt||c)
d)
e)
f)
6
The time the consumer spends in the area where the injury occurs; consumer operation Frequency of consumer products;
Types of injuries that may result from each injury scenario; Protective measures taken;
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