Some standard content:
Metrology technical specification of the People's Republic of China and Mongolia Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement Measuretnent JJF1059-1999
(replaces JJG1027-9) Measurement error and data processing 3 in the measurement error part!
Responsible unit: National Legal System Technical Committee Drafting position: China Institute of Metrology 1566
Joint Institute, Measurement Technology
This standard is the final national economic basic technology purchase plan on January 11, 2015, and will be effective on May 1, 2015
J1659-1999 replaces T(:1627-312 Measurement error and data processing 3 in the measurement error part of the national legal system technical committee interpretation Shun. The current standard is held by: Li Hengan
Shi Luyi (China Institute of Metrology) Feng (China Institute of Metrology)| |tt||Set of small terms and their concepts
JJF159-J9
Generate measurement uncertainty and measure the uncertainty of the modeling standard A type evaluation
Standard uncertainty B type evaluation is
6 Evaluation of the combined standard uncertainty
Evaluation of the expanded uncertainty
R measurement disk. Report and expression of uncertainty
Except for the distribution in different bottles, and the white by the virtual! . () (? (Filling light) trap to find the probability of the market situation record (gold special parts) record the summary of the relevant quantities (reference product
Unforeseen British level service (reference card parts)
European step, metrology
All measurement results are inevitably and have uncertainty, measurement uncertainty indication error south (heart aikle[0 The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) issued the International Standards Organization (ISO) Technical Specification for the Standardization of Applied Chemistry (TUPAC) in 2003, which is jointly issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Commission for Standardization (IEC), the International Bureau of Industrial Design (BIPM), the International Organization for Legal Regulations (OIML), the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry (TUPAC), the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Physics (IUPAC), and the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Physics (IUPAC). AP, International Federation of Chemical Engineers IFCC. GLM adopts the current international viewpoints and methods, and uses the technical fields and departments of measurement to evaluate the measurement results and their quality with the standard of measurement. It is not only a need for communication between different disciplines, but also a need for the development of the global market economy. The method of evaluating and expressing the uncertainty of measurement proposed in this specification is understood from another perspective, which is conducive to the transition of industry development. It is the basic content of TJM, which is widely used in science, research, engineering technology and trade. The processing and presentation of measurement results should be practical. This standard outlines how to obtain the information required to evaluate the measurement uncertainty; based on the detailed description of Liu Xie, the method for determining and presenting measurement uncertainty should meet the following requirements: a) be suitable for various quantities and the various data obtained in the measurement, that is, it should be practical; b) the method for presenting uncertainty should be able to derive the uncertainty from the analysis, regardless of how the analysis is done or how the analysis is further decomposed into the next level components, as they are internally compatible. Consistent: When a measurement result is used, its uncertainty can be used as a component of the uncertainty of the next measurement, that is, they can be transmitted,
: In various fields of industry, commerce and health and safety, it is often required to provide a high probability interval. The method should be able to quickly give such an interval and the corresponding confidence rate. This standard usually shows a common situation. The principles, methods and steps for evaluating and expressing small measurement uncertainties are given. The rules and methods are explained in detail to users, so as to facilitate further understanding and international application. The basic symbols in the appendix are derived from GUM and related ISO, 1EC standards, 1 standard, and the general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement specified in this standard are used for measurement fields of various uncertainty levels, such as:
! 1.3 This standard shall involve the uncertainty of the measured activity that has a specific definition and can be characterized by the standard. If the measured quantity is a series of distributions or a series of individual quantities (for example, with time as a parameter), the description of the quantity is a partial quantity, and its distribution and its mutual relationship shall be given. 2 Basic concepts and their definitions used in the manual specification are the same as those in JJF10G:199R General metrological terms and definitions, but the contents of 1-1 are added in this specification. 2 Quantity mersrableauanriy
phenomenon, homogeneous body or material contribution that can be qualitatively distinguished and determined early: Note:
" technical elimination "quantity" can include a certain point in the text, a certain meaning of length, time, quality, thickness, electrical group, good quality ... 31F2~312—1293 and 2.2 values alueotaquartityWww.bzxZ.net
a number multiplied by the unit of measurement of a specific quantity expressed by the person, :3.H1m or 534em.:5s,J0e—20c: Note: For quantities that can be expressed by a new source quantity, you can use a reference scale, or refer to this procedure, or both.
2.3 [quantity] trucvaluc [of quentiy] and the value of the quantitative definition consistent with the result: Note:
1 The value of a quantity can only be entered after two measurements have been completed. 2 Its position is not bright by its nature.
3 The use of the quantitative determination is not happy. IM uses "the position of the measured company" instead of "the position of the measured company", which will not be used. 1.4 [the conventional true value of onvenuonal Irrevalee [olet: antit] for a given date only appropriate uncertainty, also given the special guard scene: when the value is used, the tree, "a given place, take the value of the quantity by the reference standard female play as the value of the drug, 1: the constant committee (COL> A = A) in 1986 recommended the value of the fast micro-band G.023857 × 1: 8 mol-.
is the center point position has a fixed way to hold the road, the collection estimate, the drug generation card estimate, the search for the first meaning of the use of the core special recording piece of the steam position record.
2 active river single display competition second test using the general music to determine the value, the inclusion of the one in the "can be omitted, the same below, 1570
2. 5. Before the test, the actual quantity of the effective amount of the test should be the comprehensive quality of the test, the calculation of the pad: the water production C is not the power. The training description of the sealed can also be required in the folding head: the reason, temperature and pressure are! In the use of safety practice, the measured blood should be reported to the card with the complete light text, so that all the test is, its use is the year. For example: a steel belt is measured to the policy level, its technical description should include the determination of humidity and, the door only needs to be determined, the old need to be determined, the small and other required values. 2. Of course:
The value of the measured value obtained by the measurement is recorded in the account book: Note.
When the measurement limit is reached, it should be indicated that it is in the position, and the measurement result is not recorded in the measurement month. It should be clearly stated that it is the average value collected for the right individual data.
"In the complete presentation of the results, please do not use the new measurement method: the measurement should not be affected by the measurement, 3
: In most cases, the measurement results are determined under more objective conditions. 5 In the complete presentation of the measurement results, the degree of freedom is achieved, 2. The accuracy of the measurement is consistent with the high value of the measurement standard. Please note that
! Do not ask for strict "importance" instead of "material intention". Please try to use the following standards: Class C.2, 130:g, 6ng·15mg2.|The repetitiveness of the measuring results is the consistency between the results obtained by consecutive measurements of the same measured object under the same measurement conditions. Note:
The parameter calculation method is called "repetitiveness condition".
The same wind speed factor,
the same returning value instrument,
the same auxiliary point,
The repetitiveness can be quantitatively demonstrated by the data collected by the measuring station, and more importantly, the repetitiveness is used under more common conditions. The repetitiveness standard is the annual repetitiveness standard. It is a pool error: the repetition of 1 is the change of quality, the tangible amount of life is small, but the blood is determined, 2,9 gives the adoption of] current -pnd.cihil.rynrres.lisofeaamucnts] under the changed measurement conditions, a measurement result of one of the effectiveness. Method:
1 in the realization of the validity period of the description of the uneasy to come to the material of the code injury 2 can be modified special things color letter:
side measurement principle:
through quality and reach,
current tester
measurement standard:
lost river conditions:
JuF1059
planning river use list conclusion product distribution collection industry land table yuan 1571
4 measurement is about its car pan Li Di will now understand as the factory shock station only,! : car opinion price, complex quantity complex visual station only the standard is accurate to kill the "quantity" || tt || rapr-imrl. sl.dant devialian2. experimental standard [deviation || tt || for the same measured work: happy measurement, the expression of its result Zhu dispersion quantity, called pull down cloud calculation: r (9.) =
where: is the measurement result of the first time; the arithmetic mean value of the trace quantity is sufficient, and the arithmetic mean value of the trace quantity is sufficient. When the distribution of the trace quantity is obtained from another measurement station, the accuracy of the fraction is calculated, and the experimental standard deviation is calculated by the mean square error, which is called the average estimated standard deviation. The experimental standard deviation of the sample is not recognized, and the formula () is the Beller fraction, and the uncertainty a[er
characterizes the dispersion of the measured value and is related to the measurement result. Note: The multiple of the effect can be determined by multiplying the effect by half a gram. 2. The measured object is divided into multiple parts, and one of them can be used to calculate the result. It is a criterion for the actual collection of bad data. It is a false assumption made in experience. The central feature
3. The quantity to be measured should be the nature of the measured quantity. The uncertainty of each part can also be studied in turn. The quantity that benefits the system (quick stop) is small. The difference is obtained! Take the lower center as the code, and the 5 major degrees of certainty can be adjusted according to the process. The meaning is that the uncertainty of the measurement is high and the measurement station is not happy. The concept of not using the same uncredited measure is used. The measure of a certain amount of a station is based on a certain amount of creation. It should be a certain shape, not a certain amount of heat or a certain amount of expansion. Don't use the two technical components of the Sichuan measurement machine short space and the system is not determined. The two machine effects must be used. The number of uncredited and uneffective measures are given in the early effect. 99 uses the technology and symptoms to give a definition of unreliability, that is, to focus on the results and their characteristics. As shown in the example, this meaning can be supplemented from the fall and half of the statement can be extended to make the Sichuan note of the definition and people are not close: the flower measurement estimated by the grass workshop is the development of the English quantity, 1572
Except for the platform·rush
characterizes the flow measurement of the length of its scope of return. The heart theory is a kind of uncertain measurement of the bottom word, the actual calculation is the way to express the average return: the expression form is also the same. 7 The term "uncertainty" in this document refers to the uncertainty of the measurement expressed as a standard deviation. 2.12 Uncertainty A Class A evaluation of uncertainty A method of analyzing the series of observations to evaluate the uncertainty. Note: The above is a Class A evaluation of uncertainty. 2-14 Class B evaluation of uncertainty B is a method of evaluating the uncertainty of the measurement using a different method from the statistical analysis of the measurements. Note: The uncertainty of the measurement is not a Class A evaluation of uncertainty. 2.15 Standard uncertainty when the measurement result is obtained by combining ten other quantities, the standard uncertainty theorem obtained by combining the other quantities as the difference variable variance
Note: It is used to estimate the standard of the measurement result, 216 Wen Chen uncertainty lelurn
Determine the measurement station result interval: Reasonably assign the measurement weight to the most of the city's can be included in this wind: In: Expand the uncertainty of the actual design of the limit or range determined by the teacher: 2. Including Emcrag ctor
In order to obtain the protection of the development of small uncertainty purchase, the number of the composite standard is difficult to enter the multiplication of the uncertainty. Details:
[the reason for the industry is also included in the measurement of the industry,
its two, %", -./a,
generally within 2~3 years.
: The following shows that the product is set to beat the required number, that is, the required number of units in the area. 2.18 Free degrca5nf frccdora
In the calculation of the square, the number of terms in the domain is the limit of the judgment number. Note
Under the condition of mutual killing, the sample square obtained when the measured car is changed to independent measurement is "+++", (11, the initial difference is, one.
…,,, therefore. The sum of the residuals is still a one-way trick, that is, it is rounded to 1, so the freedom is "1? When the whole is obtained, the minimum one-way model is added:! The figure is one! The neutrality is good and the fast dose is difficult to reflect the difference of young people. When evaluating the development of women, the reason will be included. The average accuracy is too accurate. The risk of self-return is that you teach freedom. When the five stops, the reason is equally divided, that is, +,-.. tr.
2.I confidence level: level d ouifidence world trust wind feeling to obtain the design package area has the beauty of the fear (1 a) Note:
2 with Sichuan white score book shows
JJF:0591999
3 this trust water, confidence coefficient, confidence level, 2.20 stop rfmesm
measurement results reduce the true value of the previous measurement.
ten Ding true straight no special sales, the end of the international work is the convention. 1573
2★ sometimes necessary and the system machine to distinguish this term is called the state of the policy error, juice benefit small to "read the whole absolute phase mud tour, after the center of the slow set difference.
difference only one number, stop Negative,
1 temperature difference and uncertainty width will be completely different from the previous emergency, should not be detailed here, for the same whole measurement setting six discussion of its measurement procedure, what is the situation, the same measurement early music does not have the same: blood standard production system, then the different can be the same uncertainty, the example of the sample can be used! Music release, error, people allow the season to seek measures gradually, with the Kaisai belt, the measurement result and the music signature under the conditions of the quantity reached the limit of multiple measurements of the difference in the internal value, due to the actual day progress and limit of the measurement, the internal energy of the general one in the scientific quantity of the machine please hope that there are 5 types of additional machines in the space-time consumption, this change brings about the effect of the width: the actual quantity of the winter double measurement of the public quantity. . Under the multiplication of complexities, the average estimate of the original result is obtained by performing an infinite number of measurements! The system error and its quality are not completely known, and the system error can only be compensated by a finite number of scientific methods. When the correct value is reached, the maximum reading error will be smaller than the previous one, and it cannot be zero. The correct value is called the system error.
2-21#Correcuion
Use algebraic methods to add the uncorrected result to the maximum reading to compensate for the system error. Note:
1 The error of the system is discarded,
Due to the error of the correct value. The error cannot be completely corrected. Therefore, this kind of compensation is not complete. In order to compensate for the error, the previous test can be called my mouth. Even if there is a large error, the risk is still increased by one public measure (that is, the accuracy of this measurement is increased by one public measure! In this way, the value of the correlation coefficient is the inverse of the difference between two variables, which is the positive half root of the difference. The estimated value of the correlation coefficient is r(ys) = r(2.13.3
Ws(y..yste..2.)
Trust relationship number is a pure number, -1%+, or one (,) 11 violation:
【and, is 1 and 11 range back to the training incentive, cooperation is often inconvenient early judgment, within this, the road with the agency coefficient faster than 1574
in the walk there! ,
Hui Huihui, industry
! —, the short array of Liu Jingxu Yuan Meng. If the person is worth the profit before, faster and cold then the corresponding number of the following formula to prove the false estimate
ti.a tt.leta
This relationship can be used based on the car's machine beauty system efficiency formula, to the two and the indicator system: plan, then this formula can be used to calculate and estimate a person's position change and cause a change in the near. 2.23 If two random variables have a probability distribution that is independent of each other, then they must be independent random variables.
Note: If the probability distribution is independent, then when their correlation is small and equal to zero, they are not necessarily independent. 3 Causes of measurement uncertainty and measurement uncertainty 3.1 Random effects and systematic effects in the measurement process can lead to measurement uncertainty. The causes of uncertainty in the data can also lead to uncertainty: The classification made on the basis of the results is related to the A, B and C classification methods.
The purpose of the A and B classifications is to point out the different evaluation methods. It is just for the convenience of understanding and discussion. It does not mean that there will be any qualitative difference between the two types of classifications. They all come from probability distribution and are not quantitatively expressed in a certain way or standard. They are conveniently called Class A standard uncertainty and Class B standard uncertainty. 3. The standard uncertainty component of the human standard uncertainty is determined by the variance of the component. It is obtained by repeated observations at a certain time, which is the statistical estimate. The standard uncertainty is the limit value: so α = . Class B standard uncertainty component variance estimate, if there is no relevant information about the evaluation, that is, it is obtained through a certain probability density function, which is more reliable than the occurrence of the valid basis, and the main probability is the test rate.
1.2 The uncertainty of the measurement result is determined by the lack of understanding of the value of the measured value. It helps to identify the systematic effects on the measured value. After correction and improvement, only an estimate of the measurement is obtained. The uncertainty caused by mechanical effects still exists.
3.3 The sources of small uncertainty in the measurement result are generally: a) incorrect definition of the measurement; b) poor quality of measurement; c) improper sampling. The replacement parts are not enough, that is, the measured area cannot represent the defined quantity: the quantity is too much to be affected by the environment, and the measurement and control of the environment are not studied; the reading of the test instrument has artificial information shift; although the chlorine resistance, detection capacity, handling capacity, dead zone and stability of the instrument are limited, the measurement is not consistent with the standard or standard material! h) The data of the month or other items cannot be determined:) Thank you for the quick measurement of the near low and low settings of the society;) In the alternate conditions The sources of uncertainty above can be related to each other. For those systematic effects that are not yet recognized, they are obviously not to be considered in the uncertainty assessment, but they may lead to the error of the measurement results. 3.4 The measurement uncertainty is usually determined by the mathematical model selected and the uncertainty assessment. The mathematical model should be perfect and reflect all the relevant factors fully so that the uncertainty can be assessed based on as much observational data as possible. Where possible, empirical calibration models should be established based on long-term accumulated data. Standards and control charts should be used to show whether the measurement process is under systematic control. This helps to evaluate the mathematical model and the uncertainty. 3.5 When the uncertainty of the measurement is small and the contribution to the overall accuracy is negligible, it should be considered. If the uncertainty of the standard is comparable to that of the combined standard, the correction can be omitted:
3. In actual work, in the field of legal measurement, the estimated value is obtained by comparison with the corresponding measurement details. For the accuracy required, the uncertainty of the measurement standard and the uncertainty caused by the comparison process can usually be ignored. For example, a calibrated standard is used to test a commercial product. 3.7 When the value of the measured value is obtained by chemical analysis of physical constants, variable measurement or measurement results, it is possible to report the measurement results in units of measurement smaller than the specified value. For example, a high-quality Zener voltage standard ZeaervelaCytEndard is used to calibrate the voltage with the same constants as the standard. The constants are described in the International Design Committee CIPM. When the agreed K-value is used as the single beam report, the Zener voltage is a standard three-phase voltage standard. The material quality of V is V, V, 2×10-\, however. When the single-phase special electric power is given 4, the area. -H represents its value. When the value is uncertain, it is also necessary to eliminate the abnormality of the measurement result (usually caused by the error of the reading and analysis of the data): the normal value is determined by appropriate inspection of the data, such as the judgment and processing of abnormal values in the GB3-13 analysis: 3.9, the other XX is created, and the relationship is determined, that is:
Y =f(x..Y...X.)
In the formula, is the influencing quantity (that is, the human quantity) that affects the drug test result 3, formula (2) is called the measurement model or scattered model,
If the low value of the measured value is, the calculation method of the particle salt X: Shenzhen has: y = f.+...+.)
(2) The symbols in the formula (2) represent the measurable values: represent the random variable part. When described as having a certain probability distribution, the meaning of this title is: in the column of observation values, the measured value of the point X is represented by X, which represents the small value. The electrical symbol of the electrical appliance is , then the first channel in the column is not attenuated:
meaning, the electrical repulsion at both ends of the group is V, the resistance at the temperature is R, the electrical function of the device is the electrical loss power (measured value is taken quickly,,,: P=VR-.4 = /R.[I+r
The mathematical model can be obtained by other methods. The mathematical model is related to the Xie Ce seasonal sequence. (4)
3.ID output Y input quantity XX, the wood itself is the measured value, and other values can be taken: it can even include the net positive value of the right system effect, so that a "complex function relationship can be derived, with the example of a function! It cannot be accurately expressed in practice. It can also be determined by experimental methods, or only given by the effect value equation (the numerical value is the sum of the physical equations, used to express the relationship between the effect in a given blood unit. Therefore, if the data sheet does not have the ability to be customized to the required accuracy, then additional inputs must be made at the factory, which increases the influence. For example, in the example of 3., if the following additional inputs are added: the known temperature non-uniformity of the resistor, the non-terminal nature of the temperature coefficient, the relationship with atmospheric pressure, etc., equation (2) can be differentiated to be =, X., or even =.
3.11 or (3), when the most arbitrary value of Y is measured by X:, X,\, the calculated value 1:, the following method can be used, X-3 -
formula! , the average value of the "independent observations" is obtained, each of which has the same uncertainty, and each is obtained by a complete set of observations obtained by the correct time! V people or X:. J..
formula is a sugar tube is the best value of the observation, and then the above two methods are obtained by the number of cumulative formulas. When the left and right sides are X, their results are the same. When the size x is not clear, the calculation of formula (6) is more cost-effective, 3.12 With x, X, ×, we can:
- the value directly measured at the current point: their values and uncertainties can be obtained from single observations, repeated observations, estimates of final verification information, and can be used to measure the peak value of the instrument reading, as well as corrections for the influence of ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, and ambience,
quantities introduced by external sources, such as calibrated German standards, certified reference materials, and participant data obtained by measurement.
3, uncertainty is the uncertainty of 3\, which is derived from uncertainty. We can comprehensively consider the measurement equipment, measurement materials, measurement personnel, measurement methods, and the measured state, and should not be missed, checked, and especially consider the large sources of uncertainty. The uncertainty of the measurement should be too small and too large. Before determining the best value of the uncertainty of the measurement, all correction factors should be removed and all measurement anomalies should be eliminated. The uncertainty of the measurement will be determined by the uncertainty of the measurement. After the standard uncertainty of the measurement should be evaluated, the method can be classified into two categories: A and B.
4 Class A evaluation of standard uncertainty waist
4.1 Basic force method
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