DL 5011-1992 Technical Specification for Construction and Acceptance of Electric Power Construction - Steam Turbine Units (Replaces SDJ53-83)
Some standard content:
Electronic Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical Specification for Construction and Acceptance of Electric Power Construction
Steam Turbine Units
DL5011--92
Editor: Infrastructure Department of China Electricity Council Approved by: Ministry of Energy of the People's Republic of China Ministry of Energy of the People's Republic of China
Notice on Issuing the Electric Power Industry Standard "Technical Specification for Construction and Acceptance of Electric Power Construction (Steam Turbine Units)" Energy Basics 1992】597 No.
To adapt to the In order to meet the needs of the development of steam turbine installation and commissioning in power construction, our ministry entrusted the China Electricity Council Infrastructure Work Department to organize relevant units to revise the SDJ53-83 "Technical Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Power Construction (Steam Turbine Units)" issued in 1983, modify the inappropriate clauses, add new contents such as the installation of imported 300 and 600MW units, and revise it to the power industry standard "Technical Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Power Construction (Steam Turbine Units)", with the standard number DL501192. It is now issued and implemented, and the original standard steam turbine SDJ53-83 is invalidated at the same time. All units are requested to summarize their experience in the implementation of the new standard. If any problems are found, please inform the Ministry's Infrastructure Department and the China Electricity Council Infrastructure Work Department at any time. June 23, 1992
1 General
1.1 General provisions
1.1.1 This specification is applicable to the construction and acceptance of the body and auxiliary equipment of domestically produced steam turbine generator sets in thermal power plants with a unit capacity of 25~600MW, a main steam pressure (gauge pressure) of 3.416.7MPa (35170kgf/cm), and a main steam temperature of 435~S50T. For equipment with parameters and capacity greater than or less than the above, as well as imported equipment with similar parameters and capacity, it can be used as a reference. 1.1.2 The construction and acceptance of steam turbine generator sets must be based on the approved design and technical documents of the equipment manufacturer. If the equipment needs to be modified or the above documents need to be changed, certain approval procedures must be obtained. The construction of pipelines, welding, insulation, painting, chemical water treatment equipment, chemical cleaning, thermal instruments and control devices, etc., shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the corresponding professional chapters of this specification. In addition to complying with the relevant national construction and acceptance specifications, the civil engineering of power plants shall also comply with the "Construction Engineering" of this specification. Special requirements for civil engineering are proposed in this section and shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of this section. Requirements for the installation of electrical equipment shall be implemented in accordance with the national standard "Construction and Acceptance Specifications for Electrical Installation Engineering".
1.1.3 In addition to complying with this section, the installation of steam turbine units shall also comply with the relevant provisions of the current safety technology, labor protection, environmental protection, fire prevention and other regulations issued by the State Council and relevant departments (see Appendix 0)
1.1.4 The technical requirements and acceptance quality standards listed in this section are basic requirements. Regardless of whether the unit is domestically produced or imported, the equipment order contract, technical agreement and the formal drawings of the manufacturer shall be followed first. If there are no clear provisions or incomplete provisions in the contract agreement and the manufacturer's draft, the provisions of this section shall be followed. 1.2 Equipment and Materials
1.2.1 The storage of equipment before installation should be based on the natural conditions, climate conditions, surrounding environment and storage time of the storage area, and refer to the Ministry of Energy's SDJ68-84 "Electric Power Capital Construction Thermal Power Equipment Maintenance and Storage Regulations" and the equipment technical documents for equipment storage requirements. Do a good job of storage to prevent the equipment from deformation, deterioration, corrosion, damage and loss.
1.2.2 When ordering equipment, the technical documents provided by the manufacturer and delivered with the equipment should be specified as an important basis for construction and quality inspection. The main documents are as follows:
(1) Equipment supply list and equipment packing list; (2) Equipment installation, operation, maintenance instructions and technical 626
documents;
(3) Equipment factory certificates, inspection and test records and major defect records;
(4) Equipment assembly drawings and component structure drawings; (5) Material performance certificates of major component materials; (6) All drawings and materials accompanying the box.
1.2.3 In addition to complying with the "Safety Work Regulations for Thermal Engine Installation", the following provisions shall also be observed during the loading, unloading and handling of equipment: (1) When lifting, the lifting rope shall be tied at the designated lifting position on the box. Padding shall be added at the turning point of the lifting rope to prevent damage to the equipment.
(2) The center of gravity of the equipment or box shall be clarified, the movable parts on the equipment shall be fixed, and the liquid accumulated inside the equipment shall be prevented from flowing and the center of gravity shifting, causing tipping. (3) For equipment with poor rigidity, measures shall be taken to prevent deformation.
1.2.4 Equipment and instruments shall be stored in different areas and categories, and shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The storage area shall have clear boundaries and fire escape passages, and be equipped with reliable fire fighting facilities and effective lighting. (2) The storage location of large equipment shall be reasonably arranged according to the construction sequence and transportation conditions and the provisions of the construction organization design, and secondary handling shall be avoided as much as possible.
(3) The equipment should be properly cushioned and maintained at a certain height from the ground. The drainage of the stacking site should be unobstructed and the stacking should not be too high.
(4) The ground and shelves should have sufficient bearing capacity. (5) According to the characteristics and requirements of the equipment, anti-freeze, moisture-proof, waterproof, dust-proof and anti-dumping should be achieved respectively. (6) Special measures should be taken to prevent equipment from rusting in coastal salt spray areas and corrosive environments. (7) Precision parts should be stored on shelves or placed in insulation warehouses as required. Pipes, fittings and components of special steel grades should be stored separately and should not be mixed.
(8) For equipment protected by nitrogen, the nitrogen pressure and equipment sealing should be checked regularly. When the pressure is lower than 3.5kPa, nitrogen should be replenished immediately.
1.2.5 Equipment management personnel should be familiar with the equipment storage regulations and special storage requirements for steam turbine equipment, and regularly check the storage of equipment to keep the equipment in good condition.
1.2.6 After the equipment arrives at the site, they should unpack and count together with the relevant departments, and conduct an appearance inspection of the equipment's name, specifications, quantity and condition. Equipment with common defects and suspected parts should be inspected and recorded. The following should be done: (1) Appropriate tools should be used for unpacking, and violent knocking should not be performed to prevent damage to the equipment. For boxes containing precision equipment, special attention should be paid to properly protecting the surface.
(2) The rotating and sliding parts of the equipment should not be rotated or slid before the anti-corrosion paint is cleaned. Anti-corrosion treatment should still be carried out after inspection.
(3) If the boxed equipment cannot be installed immediately after unpacking and inspection, it should be repacked and sealed. For boxes that are placed in the open air for a long time, rain covers should be added.
1.2.7 Before installation, the equipment must be inspected in accordance with the provisions of this specification. If damage or quality defects are found, the relevant units should be notified in time for joint inspection: For equipment manufacturing defects, the manufacturer should be contacted for research and treatment. When the installation quality does not meet the requirements of this specification due to manufacturing quality problems, the construction unit, the manufacturing unit, the construction or user unit should jointly negotiate and determine the installation quality standard before construction. Equipment inspection and defect handling should be recorded and signed.
1.2.8 Parts and fasteners made of alloy steel or special materials in the equipment should be subjected to spectral analysis and hardness test before construction to identify their materials and confirm that they are consistent with the manufacturer's drawings and relevant standards. If any discrepancy is found, the manufacturer should be notified for research and treatment.
1.2.9 Important materials used in construction should have certificates of conformity and material certificates. If there is any doubt about their quality during the inspection, necessary inspection and identification should be carried out. The performance of high-quality steel, alloy steel, non-ferrous alloy, high-temperature and high-pressure welding materials, lubricating oil (grease), flame-retardant liquid and thermal insulation materials must meet the design requirements and national standards before they can be used.
1.2.10 The spare parts and accessories supplied with the steam turbine unit equipment should be carefully counted and inspected and properly kept. If they are needed during construction, approval procedures must be obtained. All drawings and technical documents in the box must be submitted to the document room for registration and safekeeping.
1.2.11 Finished or semi-finished products and self-produced and prepared materials that are outsourced for processing and processed on site should be inspected in accordance with the requirements of this specification and relevant regulations, and can only be used after being proven to be qualified. 1.2.12 Construction personnel should carefully keep the installed equipment to ensure that the equipment is not damaged, rusted, or frozen during installation. For the main equipment of the steam turbine unit that has undergone trial operation, if the downtime before handover may exceed 2 months, maintenance measures should be proposed according to the manufacturer's relevant requirements for the equipment, and after approval by superiors, they should be kept on site.
1.3 Requirements for cooperation with Shijian Engineering
1.3.1 Before installing the steam turbine unit, the following related constructions should be closely coordinated.
(1) When the installation process requires close coordination with the civil construction sequence, the coordination schedule should be arranged in advance with the construction unit and necessary technical requirements should be put forward. (2) For important formwork dimensions such as the elevation center line, anchor bolt hole position, etc. related to the reserved holes, embedded iron parts, steam turbine generator bases, and the foundations and installation of major auxiliary equipment, the civil engineering drawings and installation drawings should be reviewed before civil construction, and the main equipment should also be checked in advance as much as possible. The construction drawings, manufacturer's drawings and actual equipment dimensions should be checked in advance.
(3) The foundation and rooting of the lifting facilities required for lifting heavy equipment and the reinforcement plan for the building structure for overload lifting should be studied and determined with the design and construction units before civil construction.
(4) For the main engine foundation that needs to embed anchor bolts, anchor plates and valve seat structural parts, the metal frame used for positioning should be pre-determined by the civil engineering unit to ensure that the errors and cumulative errors of various geometric dimensions are within the allowable range; the frame installation and formwork should be repeatedly measured during the pouring of concrete to ensure that the position is correct and no displacement occurs during the pouring of concrete.
1.3.2 Before the installation of steam turbine unit equipment begins, the building delivered for installation should have the following technical documents:
(1) Relevant acceptance records of the foundations and structures of major equipment; (2) Concrete grade and strength test records; (3) Datum lines and datum points on the building and foundation; (4) Settlement observation records, such as preloading records.
1.3.3When the installation of steam turbine equipment begins, the construction project delivered for installation shall meet the following conditions:
(1) The driving track is laid, the secondary poured concrete reaches the design strength, and is accepted;
(2) The foundation and pedestal of the main and auxiliary equipment are poured, the formwork is removed, the concrete reaches more than 70% of the design strength, and is accepted;
(3) The trenches in the plant are basically completed, the earthwork is backfilled, the concrete rough surface is smooth in the parts with conditions, and the access road or railway is repaired;
(4) The plant for the installation part should be closed, rainproof, and able to shield from wind and sand;
(5) The formwork, scaffolding, and remaining Materials, debris and garbage have been cleared;
(6) Each foundation has a clear and accurate center line, and the zero meter of the factory building and the operating floor have an elevation line;
(7) The platforms, walkways, ladders, railings, handrails and root guards on each floor have been installed and welded firmly, and all holes and unfinished parts with loose openings have reliable temporary covers and railings;(8) The drainage ditches, pump pits and pipe pits in the factory are cleaned and the water is discharged outside the factory;627
(9) Fire-fighting facilities are installed, the water pressure test is qualified, and there is a reliable clean water source with sufficient pressure head and flow;(10) For places where the decoration of the building may damage the installed equipment nearby, the decoration work should be completed before the equipment is in place.
1.4 General construction rules
1.4.1 The installation of various equipment should generally be carried out in accordance with the following information:
(1) Manufacturer's drawings and technical documents listed in Article 1.2.2;
(2) Power plant design system diagram, layout diagram and instructions; (3) Relevant professional construction plans in the construction organization design 1.4.2 The construction technicians and construction managers of the steam turbine units must be familiar with the construction drawings, manufacturer's drawings and relevant technical documents of their construction scope, and should be familiar with the mechanism and structure of the equipment; general construction personnel should master the general rules of this chapter and the relevant construction regulations, correct installation procedures, methods, processes and relevant precision measurement technologies.
1.4.3 The construction site of the steam turbine unit should be reasonably arranged according to the construction organization design and should meet the following requirements:
(1) The site, platform and transportation channel should be able to bear the weight of the equipment placed, and have sufficient storage area and turnover space;
(2) The ambient temperature of the construction site should be maintained above +5℃. When the temperature is about to drop below OC and there is a possibility of freezing damage to the equipment, necessary anti-cold and anti-freeze measures should be taken in advance and implemented effectively; (3) There should be transportation roads leading to the equipment storage site, assembly site and installation site;
(4) There should be sufficient water, electricity, lighting, compressed air, oxygen and acetylene facilities;
(5) There should be construction safety facilities that meet the requirements and places for placing flammable and explosive gas bottles and tanks that meet safety regulations; (6) There should be appropriate isolation facilities between the installation site of the expansion project and the production and operation units.
1.4.4 The use and management of the lifting and transportation machinery of the steam turbine equipment shall comply with the provisions of the "Safety Management Regulations for Hoisting Machinery" issued by the former Ministry of Labor. The lifting work shall meet the following requirements: (1) The performance of the crane, such as the lifting weight, driving speed, lifting height, lifting speed, and the limit range of lifting and longitudinal and lateral driving, shall be carefully checked. These performances shall meet the process requirements of equipment installation.
(2) Special technical measures shall be formulated for the lifting of oversized and overweight items, and the lifting shall be carried out after approval by the chief construction engineer. (3) Any use of building structures to lift heavy items shall be verified and the consent of the relevant units shall be obtained. It is prohibited to place heavy items arbitrarily without understanding the weight of the equipment or the bearing strength of the building structure. 1.4.5 When the steam turbine equipment is installed, the building shall be carefully cared for and the following shall be achieved:
(1) The building structure shall not be arbitrarily changed or damaged. If it is necessary to change, technical measures and necessary strength verification shall be proposed and implemented after approval by the design unit.
（2）When drilling holes in building structures, it is strictly forbidden to use a sledgehammer to directly hammer. When it is necessary to cut the steel bars, they should be reinforced before cutting. A remedial plan must be proposed for cutting the main bars, and it must be carried out after approval by the design unit.
（3）It is not allowed to weld, cut or drill holes in important building structures at will. When it is necessary to do so, certain approval procedures must be passed.
5The construction site of the steam turbine unit must always be kept clean and tidy at all times. The equipment and machinery must be cleaned up after each construction.
1.4.7 During and after the installation of steam turbine equipment, the installer shall be responsible for thorough inspection and cleaning to ensure the installation quality and meet the following requirements:
(1) After cleaning, all parts must be clean on the machined surface and inside without any debris;
(2) The precision machined surface of the equipment shall not be rusted with a flat shovel or file, and shall not be degreased with flame;
(3) The parts that are washed with steam must be promptly dehydrated after cleaning;
(4) It is strictly forbidden to step on the journal and bearing, and protective measures must be taken during construction.
1.4.8 The construction of steam turbine equipment should generally comply with the following regulations:
(1) Except for those that the manufacturer has clearly stipulated that they shall not be disassembled and the construction and construction units have agreed to it through consultation, the equipment should generally be inspected, measured and adjusted as necessary during the construction process. (2) The disassembly and assembly of equipment parts should be carried out according to the manufacturer's drawings. First of all, the structural conditions and the interconnection relationship should be clarified, the corresponding marks should be made, and appropriate special tools should be used. When the disassembly and assembly of parts is blocked, the cause should be found out, and blind knocking is prohibited. (3) The disassembled parts should be placed in special parts boxes respectively. Precision parts should be carefully packaged and protected, and should not be piled up. They should be properly kept by a dedicated person.
(4) The sockets and openings on the equipment and pipelines should be opened according to the design, welded and cleaned before formal assembly by the cooperation of thermal engineering, electrical and other relevant personnel.
(5) The welding work of parts and sealing devices on important structures and pressure-bearing equipment should be performed by qualified welders in accordance with the regulations and drawings. It is prohibited to arbitrarily spark or spot weld on alloy steel. 1.4.9 In addition to the water pressure test of steam turbine equipment and pipelines being carried out in accordance with the regulations, the temporary connection system must be tight and leak-free, the meter must be calibrated and qualified, the water quality must be clean, the air must be exhausted before the pressure is increased, and the water must be drained and blown down after the water pressure test. Pay attention to antifreeze in winter and carry out anti-corrosion when necessary.
1.4.10 When the construction of important parts of the steam turbine unit equipment is completed, the interior must be inspected and sealed in advance, and the following requirements must be met:
(1) Before the equipment and pipelines are sealed, a special person must be designated to inspect and seal them. If necessary, the relevant personnel should check and sign according to regulations.
(2) Personnel entering the equipment for cleaning and inspection should wear special work clothes without buttons and pockets, and the soles of shoes should be clean without iron nails to prevent debris from falling into the equipment. (3) Whether formal or temporary sealing, it must be obvious. It is forbidden to stuff cotton yarn, rags or paper balls into the opening. The sealing should be firm and tight.
(4) It is not allowed to weld, open holes or unseal on the sealed equipment or pipelines. If necessary, certain approval procedures must be obtained. Measures to ensure cleanliness and safety should be proposed for important equipment, and the supervisor should supervise and implement them, and keep records. After the unsealing operation is completed, it should be re-inspected and sealed after confirming that it complies with the relevant provisions of the specification. 1.4.11 During the construction process, various construction technical records and acceptance certificates should be made in accordance with the specific requirements of each chapter of this part, and they should be sorted out in a timely manner. For engineering changes of important systems, a completion drawing should be made after the construction is completed and signed by the person in charge of construction technology. 2 Steam turbine body
2.1 General provisions
2.1.1 This chapter applies to the construction and acceptance of components such as the bedplate, bearing seat, bearing, cylinder, partition, steam seal, rotor, turning device, cylinder heating pipe, insulation baffle and connecting pipe of the steam turbine body.
2.2 Requirements for foundation
2.2.1 When the foundation is delivered for installation, it should meet the following conditions: (1) It should comply with the relevant provisions of Article 1.3.3 of this part. (2) The surface of the foundation concrete should be flat and free of defects such as cracks, holes, honeycombs, roughness and exposed reinforcement.
(3) The parts that are required to be plastered and painted, especially the generator air chamber and air duct, should be flat, smooth, firm, without peeling or powdering. If necessary, they should be painted with heat-resistant paint; the internal metal platforms, ladders, etc. should be well protected from corrosion. (4) The longitudinal center line of the foundation should be perpendicular to the transverse center line of the condenser and generator base to ensure that the connection and thermal expansion of the upper and lower parts of the unit are not hindered.
(5) The elevation of the concrete bearing surface under the equipment and the top of the concrete air duct of the air-cooled generator should be consistent with the drawings. The adjustment should not exceed
(6) The anchor bolt hole must be cleaned. The deviation of the center line of the bolt hole to the center line of the foundation should not exceed 0.ld (d is the inner diameter of the embedded steel casing) and should be less than 10mm. The verticality deviation of the bolt hole wall should not exceed L/200 and should be less than 10mm (L is the length of the embedded steel casing or anchor bolt). The hole should be unobstructed and free of transverse reinforcement and debris. The concrete surface where the bolt hole contacts the anchor bolt pad should be flat, and the hole where the pad is placed should have enough space to install the pad. (7) The material, model, vertical and horizontal center line and elevation of the direct-buried embedded anchor bolts and iron parts should all comply with the requirements of the drawings. The center deviation of the bolts and iron parts should not exceed 2mm, the vertical deviation should be less than L/450, the elevation deviation of the iron parts should not exceed 3mm, and the elevation deviation of the anchor bolts should not exceed t3nmme.
(8) The longitudinal and transverse centerline and elevation deviation of the embedded longitudinal and transverse pins (anchor plates) of the imported units shall not exceed 3mm. The top surface elevation shall be set according to the drawing. The value-added and additional margin of the turbine and generator base shall be adjusted according to the natural vertical of the rotor: the center deviation of the embedded main steam valve and medium-pressure combined steam valve bull feet shall not exceed 2.0mm, the elevation deviation shall not exceed 3.0mm, the top surface shall be flat, and the elevation difference of the relevant embedded parts shall be within 1mm. (9) The longitudinal and transverse centerline, section and elevation of each bull foot and embedded hole, the geometric dimensions of the installation space of the generator and condenser, the dimensions and relative position dimensions of the generator and exciter lead-out wires, ventilation ducts, hydrogen cooling and water cooling pipe holes shall all meet the design requirements. (10) The templates and debris in the gap between the foundation and the plant and related operating platforms shall be cleaned up. (11) The bottom of the trench should be flat, and the slope and inclination direction, longitudinal and transverse centerline, trench bottom elevation and trench section should meet the design requirements.
2 The foundation should be observed for settlement, and the observation work should be carried out at least in conjunction with the following procedures:
(1) After the foundation maintenance period expires (the measured value is used as the original data);
(2) Before and after all the cylinders of the turbine and the stator of the generator are in place;
(3) Before the second pouring of concrete for the turbine and generator; (4) After the whole set of trial operation.
For loess areas prone to wetting, the number of measurements should be appropriately increased. 629
Settlement observations should be carried out using instruments with a precision of level 2. The data of each observation should be recorded in a special record book, and the settlement observation points should be properly protected.
2.2.3 When the uneven foundation sinks and causes obvious changes in the turbine leveling, alignment and centering work measured every other day, the equipment shall not be installed. In addition to strengthening the observation of sinking, research and treatment should be conducted.
2.3 Platform and shims
2.3.1 Before the turbine platform is in place, the following preparations should be made for the foundation:
(1) The contact surface between the foundation concrete and the secondary pouring concrete should be chiseled out with a new rough surface, and the grease and dirt that have penetrated into the foundation must be cleaned;
(2) The relevant main dimensions of the foundation should be checked according to the actual dimensions of the equipment, which should be able to meet the needs of installation;
(3) The concrete surface where the shims are placed should be leveled, and the two should be in close contact and there should be no warping at the four corners; (4) Place and adjust the small jack or The temporary shim should be flat
The form, material and quality of the shim between the foundation and the platform are generally required as follows:
(1) The material of the shim should be steel plate or cast iron, or special concrete pads should be used as specified by the manufacturer (see Appendix A): (2) The thin edge thickness of the inclined shim is generally not less than 10mm, and the slope is 1/101/25;
(3) The shim should be flat and free of burrs, and the edges of the plane should have a 45° chamfer. The surface roughness after plane processing should generally be 6 (√5), and the two contact surfaces should be dense and without warping.
2.3.3 The layout of shims should comply with the following principles: (1) Places where loads are concentrated:
(2) Both sides of the platform anchor bolts;
(3) The four corners of the platform;
(4) Shims should be appropriately added to the reinforcement ribs of the platform; (5) The static load of the shims should not exceed 4MPa; (6) The distance between two adjacent shims is generally 300-700mm.
After the shims are formally installed, a shim layout record diagram should be made according to the actual situation.
2.3.4 The installation of shims shall meet the following requirements: (1) It is allowed to use epoxy resin mortar to bond the shims to the foundation (see Appendix B);
(2) Each stack of shims shall generally not exceed 3 pieces, and 5 pieces are allowed in special circumstances, among which only one pair of inclined shims is allowed (calculated as 2 pieces 630
);
(3) The offset area of two inclined shims shall not exceed 25% of the area of the shims;
(4) The contact between the table plate and the shims and each layer of shims shall be close, and a 0.05mm feeler gauge shall generally not be inserted. The partially inserted part shall not be larger than 1/4 of the side length, and its insertion depth shall not exceed 1/4 of the side length;
(5) Imported steam turbine If embedded shims are used, the elevation of the shims along the longitudinal axis of the turbine should make the elevation difference of each bearing meet the requirements of the manufacturer. The deviation of the shim elevation from the specified value is only allowed to be 1~2mm lower. The levelness of each piece should be adapted to the shaft lift, and the deviation should not exceed 0.1mm/m;
(6) Taking the longitudinal and transverse center lines of the turbine generator set as the reference, the deviation of the position of each embedded shim from the center of the screw hole should not exceed 3mm; (7) After the shims are installed and the cylinder is officially covered, spot welding should be performed on the side of each stacked shim
2.3.5 The inspection and installation of the table plate should meet the following requirements (1) The sliding surface of the table plate should be flat, smooth and free of burrs. The part where the table plate is connected to the secondary poured concrete should be clean and free of paint and dirt.
(2) The holes for pouring concrete on the table plate, the vent holes, and the lubrication holes between the table plate and the bearing seat or cylinder contact surface should be unobstructed.
(3) Any holes on the tabletop that may leak oil onto the concrete surface should be plugged, and the plugging parts should not hinder the expansion of the bearing seat and the cylinder.
(4) For the parts of the tabletop where it is impossible to set up formwork during the second pouring of concrete, rooting iron parts should be pre-buried during foundation construction, and thin steel plate baffles should be installed on the inner side of the foundation before the tabletop is in place, and the expansion of the cylinder and related pipes should not be affected. (5) The contact surface between the tabletop and the anchor bolt gasket should be flat and not skewed.
(6) The contact surface between the tabletop and the bearing seat or slider, and the tabletop and the cylinder should be smooth and free of burrs, and have close contact, generally with 0.Use a 0.5mm feeler gauge to check the contact surface. It should not be blocked. For cast iron tabletops, the area with contact points per square centimeter should account for more than 75% of the total area and should be evenly distributed. (7) The installation elevation and center position of the tabletop should meet the requirements of the drawings. The allowable deviation of the elevation of each tabletop from the drawings is ±1mm, and the direction of the deviation value should be controlled to be consistent (either "+" or "_"). The allowable deviation of the center line of the bolt hole on the tabletop is 2mm.
(8) For tabletops that need to be trial-installed, the elevation of the tabletop surface should be slightly lower than the design value during trial installation. When adjusting the tabletop, it should be aligned by pulling steel wire according to the mark of the pre-buried anchor plate on the foundation. The deviation of the longitudinal and transverse center lines should be less than 1.0mm. 2.3.6 Anchor bolts shall meet the following requirements: (1) There shall be no paint or dirt; (2) The nut and bolt shall fit well; (3) The length and diameter of the anchor bolt shall comply with the design requirements, and the dimensions of the washer, center hole of the pad and other dimensions shall meet the requirements. 2.3.7 The installation of anchor bolts shall meet the following requirements: (1) There shall be a gap of not less than 5mm around the bolt in the bolt hole or bolt sleeve; (2) The bolt shall be in a vertical state, and its allowable deviation shall be ≤L/200 (L is the length of the anchor bolt) and not more than 5nm; (3) There shall be a washer under the nut of the bolt; (4) The pad at the lower end of the bolt shall be placed flat and in close contact with the foundation, and the nut shall be spot welded or locked; (5) After the bolt is tightened, 2 to 3 buckles shall be exposed on the nut: (6) The anchor bolts shall be formally tightened after the cylinder is adjusted to the level, elevation, and the rotor is adjusted to the center. At the same time, use a 0.05mm feeler gauge to check the sliding surface between the table and the bearing seat, the table and the cylinder, the table and the shim, and the contact surface between each layer of shims. The contact shall be close. The load distribution and center position of the cylinder shall not change during tightening.
2.4 Sliding pin system of cylinder and bearing seat
2.4.1 During transportation and storage, the cylinder must be placed stably and properly supported to prevent deformation. The machined surface and bolts should be properly protected to prevent damage and rust.
2.4.2 Before installing the cylinder, the following inspections should be carried out on the relevant manufacturing quality of the equipment, and it should meet the requirements. Records should be made when necessary. If it does not meet the requirements, it should be studied and dealt with:
(1) The appearance of the cylinder should be free of cracks, slag inclusions, heavy skin, weld nodules, pores, casting sand and scratches. The machined surfaces such as the joint surfaces, sliding bearing surfaces, flanges, dimples, etc. should be smooth and free of rust and dirt. The anti-corrosion layer should be completely removed. The interior of the steam chamber should be thoroughly cleaned without any attachments.
(2) For cylinders composed of sections, the mutual misalignment of the adjacent horizontal joint surfaces at the vertical joint position, as well as the horizontal deviation value of the center of the interface plane of two adjacent sections, shall comply with the factory records of the manufacturer and be recorded. (3) For the horizontal joint surfaces of cylinders that are painted during the final assembly, their joint conditions shall comply with the requirements of Table 2.4.2 when not painted. If they are unqualified, they shall be scraped and a final record shall be made. (4) The grooves where the paint is squeezed into the intersection of the vertical and horizontal joint surfaces of the cylinder shall be clean and unobstructed.
(5) The sealing surfaces of pipeline flanges on cylinders with working pressures above 1.96MPa and the sealing surfaces of speed regulating valve flanges shall be inspected by the coloring method. The contact conditions shall be continuous and uninterrupted throughout the entire circle and reach a certain width.
Requirements for cylinder joint surfaces
Cylinder types
Joint surfaces
Tighten by pressing
Requirements for tightening
High-pressure cylinder
Horizontal joint
Feeler gauge from inside
1/3 bolt, check on both sides outside
Check with feeler gauge
Check and meet
Requirements
Check and shall not
Medium-pressure cylinder
Vertical, horizontal
Joint surfaces
Feeler gauge from inside
Check on both sides outside
Low-pressure cylinder
Vertical, flatbZxz.net
Joint surfaces
The feeler gauge should be checked to ensure that it is not plugged through. It should not be inserted into the cylinder flange. The inserted part should not exceed the width of the cylinder flange sealing surface + section. The total length inserted from both inside and outside should not exceed 1/3 of the cylinder flange width. (6) The bolt holes connecting the cylinder exhaust section and the condenser or exhaust nipple should match each other. The flange sealing surface should be flat. If it is a weld connection, the groove should meet the requirements of the welding regulations. (7) There should be a gap of not less than 0.50mm around the fastening bolts and bolt holes on the horizontal joint surface of the cylinder. The diameter of the cylinder connection bolts and their bolt holes should be able to meet the needs of free expansion of the cylinder.
(8) The position and diameter of the cylinder drain hole shall comply with the requirements of the drawings. After the partition or partition sleeve is in place, the drain flow section shall not be reduced and shall be unobstructed. The pipes cast in the cylinder shall also be clean and unobstructed. If there are any omissions, they should be studied and dealt with.
(9) The plugs on the cylinder should be complete and the threads should be of sufficient length to be reliably fastened. Redundant process holes should be equipped with plugs and welded shut. The plugs and welding materials should be consistent with the cylinder material. (10) The steam chamber part of the cylinder flange heating device should be subjected to a tightness water pressure test. The test pressure is generally 1.25 times the working pressure, and there should be no leakage for 5 minutes; or an oil leakage test should be performed, and there should be no oil leakage within 24 hours.
2.4.3 The cylinder bolts and nuts should be inspected according to the following requirements:
(1) The threads of the bolts, nuts and the threading holes of the cylinder should be smooth and free of burrs. The fit between the bolts and nuts should not be loose or too tight. The nuts should be able to be screwed to the bottom freely by hand. Otherwise, they should be investigated and dealt with. The bolts and nuts of the high-pressure cylinder should be marked with steel stamps and should not be replaced at will.
(2) The contact surface between the nut to be hot-tightened and the cylinder or gasket should be checked by coloring method. The contact should be uniform. 631
(3) The threaded part of the cylinder threaded bolt should be completely screwed into the cylinder flange. The thread should be lower than the flange plane. The verticality of the threaded bolt and the flange plane should meet the requirements of the manufacturer and generally not exceed 0.50%. Otherwise, they should be investigated and dealt with. (4) When the nut is tightened to the installation position on the bolt, the thread should be exposed 2 to 3 threads outside the nut. When the cover nut is cold-pressed to the installation position, it should be confirmed that there is a gap of about 2mm between the cover top and the bolt neck after it is tightened in place. The installation requirements of the taper bolts of the imported units should be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's regulations. (5) Inspect the material of the cylinder bolts, nuts and other parts according to Article 1.2.8 of this chapter.
(6) Damaged threads should be scraped and finally polished with: angle oilstone. If it is necessary to repair the threads in the threading holes, a special tap should be prepared.
(7) After the threads are inspected and repaired, they should be vigorously rubbed with fine-grained high-temperature resistant powdered paint, or coated with the lubricant specified by the manufacturer, remove excess paint, and wrap the bolts to prevent dust and knocks.
2.4.4 Before installing the cylinder, the following inspections shall be conducted on the pin system and shall meet the requirements:
(1) The dimensions of the pins, pin grooves and longitudinal and transverse positioning anchor plates of the low-pressure cylinder of the imported unit shall be checked to confirm that they can fit with the equipment. The sliding fitting surfaces shall be free of damage and burrs and shall be scraped if necessary.
(2) Use a feeler gauge to measure the fitting clearance between the pins and the pin grooves, or use an inside and outside micrometer to measure the corresponding dimensions of the pins and the pin grooves respectively. The difference shall be taken as the pin clearance and recorded in the installation record. The requirements for the fitting of the pins of each part shall comply with the requirements of the manufacturer's drawings. (3) Take three-point measurements along the sliding direction. The difference between the dimensions of the pins or pin grooves measured at three points shall not exceed 0.03mm. (4) Test-install the pins and they shall slide freely. When two pins are located on the same straight line on a platen, their transverse relative displacement shall be measured as the clearance value. The reciprocating sliding shall be flexible and free of jamming.
(5) The sliding pin must be firmly fixed on the cylinder, table or bearing seat. If it is directly embedded, it must have a certain tightening force. The positioning pin connected by bolts must be tightened. The screws that fix the sliding pin must not affect the clearance of the sliding pin. The cross pin on the horizontal joint surface of the inner and outer cylinders must be welded after the axial position is fixed.
(6) The bearing surface and sliding surface of the cat's claw cross pin should be checked by the coloring method and should have good contact. During the trial assembly, use a 0.05mm feeler gauge to check from both ends. Except for local irregular defects, there should be no gap. (7) The positioning pin of the cat's claw cross pin should be smooth and free of burrs. The coloring method should be used to check that the force is even, and the pin hole should have no misalignment. (8) After the cylinder is positioned, the imported unit should be equipped with permanent positioning pads on both sides of the anchor plate 632
, and the gap between it and the anchor plate is 0.03~0.04mm.
(9) When the bolts connecting the bearing seat or cylinder and the table are tightened to the limit position, there should be a gap of 0.04~0.08mm, and there should be enough gap between the screw rod and the screw hole of the base in the direction of thermal expansion. (10) The grease channel on the sliding surface of the bearing seat should be clean and unobstructed. Check that the oil channel of the bearing seat should not overlap with the base screw hole of the table within the expansion range. For the slider structure, the slider screw should be removed after grinding according to the manufacturer's regulations.
2.4.5 After the cylinder is finally positioned, the push-pull device between the cylinders should be equipped with a permanent gasket with an assembly gap of 0.02~0.03mm according to the measured gap value at the four corners between the cylinder and the push-pull device, so that the gasket will not be stuck or loose when installed.
2.4.6 If the clearance of the sliding pin is unqualified, it should be adjusted. For excessive clearance, it is allowed to repair welding or ion spraying on the entire contact surface of the sliding pin, but its hardness should not be lower than that of the original metal. It is not allowed to reduce the clearance of the sliding pin by squeezing.
2.4.7 It is strictly forbidden to place hard metal objects on the cylinder joint surface or to hit the cylinder joint surface with a hammer or other hard metal, and it is not allowed to collide with other parts. During the construction process, it must be covered to prevent damage to the joint surface.
2.4.8 The cylinder assembly shall meet the following requirements: (1) Before the cylinder is officially assembled, a trial assembly without paint must be carried out, and the tightness of each joint surface shall meet the requirements of Table 2.4.2. (2) If the manufacturer does not have clear regulations on the cylinder sealing paint, it should be correctly selected according to its working pressure and temperature (see Appendix C).
(3) The nuts of the vertical joint surface of the assembled cylinder should be locked before the cylinder is finally closed. If electric welding is used for locking, the nut and the cylinder wall should be detonated. The parts required for sealing welding by design should be welded at the same time. During welding, the cylinder should be prevented from overheating and deformation.
2.4.9 The inspection of the bearing seat of the turbine unit shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The oil chamber and oil circuit of the bearing seat shall be thoroughly cleaned and blown dry to ensure that they are clean, unobstructed and free of any debris. The paint on the inner surface shall not peel or become loose. If the paint can be dissolved in the turbine oil, it shall be removed.
(2) The horizontal joint surface between the bearing seat and the bearing cover shall not be plugged with a 0.05mm feeler gauge after the bolts are tightened; the oil hole for the pressure oil shall be checked by the color coating method on all sides, and it shall be in continuous contact without interruption. (3) The flange of the oil inlet and outlet pipe of the bearing seat shall comply with the provisions of Article 4.6.22 of this Part, and the thread cutting hole of the flange shall not penetrate the seat wall. (4) The cover of the turbine speed measuring hole must be tight and leak-proof. (5) The oil chamber of the bearing seat should be tested for oil filling. Before filling the oil, the inside and outside of the bearing seat must be cleaned. The oil filling height should not be lower than the outer wall of the upper opening of the oil return pipe. There should be no leakage after 24 hours of oil filling. If there is leakage, it should be repaired and retested. Fire prevention measures should be taken during the oil filling test. 2.4.10 The installation of the cylinder and the bearing seat should meet the following requirements: (1) The longitudinal and transverse center lines of the cylinder and the bearing seat should meet the design requirements. At the same time, the anchor bolts of the turbine, generator and exciter should be able to pass through the bolt holes.
(2) Before the cylinder is in place, the pipes and iron parts installed between the turbine and the foundation should be installed first to prevent construction after it is in place. (3) The installation of the cylinder and the bearing seat should make the elevation of the central plane meet the design requirements. The deviation should not exceed 5mm. The distance between the bottom surface of the table and the concrete surface of the foundation should be about 80mm. (4) The relative position of the cylinder, bearing seat and table should meet the requirements of thermal expansion during the operation of the unit. Under the condition of maximum thermal expansion, the sliding surfaces of the cylinder or bearing seat should not extend beyond the edge of the table and have a certain margin. Each sliding surface should be coated with high-temperature resistant powder coating or treated according to the manufacturer's regulations.
(5) The lateral horizontal deviation of the cylinder and the bearing seat should generally not exceed 0.20mm/m; the longitudinal level is based on the shaft neck lift after the rotor is centered according to the cavity, and no special provisions are made for the cylinder. During measurement, all temporary supports of the cylinder and bearing box must be removed. (6) The measurement position of the lateral level of the cylinder and the bearing seat should be measured at the front and rear shaft seal cavities or bearing shell cavities with a level gauge with a precision of not less than 0.02mm/m. If necessary, a flat ruler and a spacer should be used for measurement. When there is a conflict between the cylinder level and the cylinder load distribution, the load distribution should be guaranteed.
(7) During the installation of the turbine, the joints and oil grooves of the sliding surfaces of the cylinder bearing seat should be protected to prevent dust or debris from entering.
(8) After the cylinder and bearing seat are installed and positioned, the foundation pads should be spot welded when the anchor bolts are finally tightened. 2.4.11 The method of cylinder load distribution should be in accordance with the manufacturer's regulations and should meet the following requirements:
(1) When using a dynamometer to distribute the load on the cylinder, the following should be achieved:
①D The dynamometer should be calibrated and qualified before use. ②The load value measured by the dynamometer should meet the design requirements. Generally, the load difference at the symmetrical positions on both sides of the cylinder centerline should not be greater than 5% of the average load on both sides.
③ When the cylinder is supported by a dynamometer, it should be in a free state. The small hall top or temporary shim should not be strained, the sliding pin should not be strong, and whether the rotor or partition is placed inside should be determined according to the manufacturer's specifications. ① The dynamometer should not be used with overload. When adjusting the load distribution, each dynamometer should be lifted slightly, and each slight lift should not be greater than 0.10mm. During the lifting process, it should not fall back halfway, and the lifting value should be used as the reference. When lifting heavy items such as rotors or upper cylinders, temporary support should be prepared under the table in advance.
① When installing permanent pads, the load change of the adjacent dynamometers should not be greater than 980N, and the load difference at the symmetrical positions on both sides should not be greater than 5% of the average load.
③ The final load value measured by the dynamometer and the horizontal lift value of the cylinder and the bearing seat should be recorded in the installation record. (2) When using the cat's claw sag method to distribute the cylinder, it should be carried out in the form of a closed cylinder. Generally, the allowable deviation value on the left and right should not be greater than 0.10mm.
(3) When distributing the load, the bearing surface, sliding surface and sliding surface of the cat claw cross pin and the table plate should be checked. They should all be in good contact. The 0.05mm feeler gauge should be basically consistent with the test installation. In special cases, it is allowed to add a whole layer of steel adjustment gasket between the non-sliding contact surfaces of the cat claw cross pin. The thickness should not be less than 0.10mm
(4) For cylinders without a rear plate and supported only by the front cat claw and the table plates on both sides, the load distribution can generally be adjusted according to the cylinder level and the cat claw sag arc. For the low-pressure cylinder of a multi-cylinder unit, the load distribution can be adjusted according to the cylinder level.
(5) For units that use the cat claw lift difference method for load distribution, the front and rear cat claws should be performed separately, and once on the half-full cylinder and once on the full cylinder. When making the front cat claw, the rear cat claw bolt should be tightened first, the front cat claw bolt should be loosened, a 0.50mm gasket should be added under the left cat claw, and the right cat claw lifting value should be measured with a dial indicator. Then the gasket added on the left side should be removed and added under the right cat claw. The lifting value of the left side should be measured compared with that without the gasket. The difference between the lifting values on both sides should comply with the manufacturer's regulations, and the general requirement is less than 0.05mm. The method and requirements for the rear cat claw are the same as those for the front side, and the load distribution is mainly based on the measured value of the full cylinder.
(6) The record of the horizontal lift of the cylinder should be based on the measured value after the large cover is tested. The measurement position should comply with the regulations and the position mark should be engraved.
The installation of the cylinder unloader should generally meet the following requirements: 2.4.12
(1) The unloader should be installed and adjusted after the turbine cover is fastened:
(2) The base of the unloader should be stable and the joint surface with the foundation frame should be compact;
(3) The compression amount of the unloader spring should meet the requirements; (4) After the spring is compressed, a shim of fixed thickness should be installed and the adjustment bolt should be loosened;
(5) After the unloader is installed, there should be no gap between the sliding surfaces of the table and the cat's claw;
(6) The unloader should be installed so that it is in a vertical state after the cylinder expands during operation;
(7) The unloader should be equipped with a protective cover.
2.4.13 The installation of the cylinder atmospheric safety valve shall meet the following requirements: (1) The open atmospheric safety valve shall be flexible and leak-proof:
(2) The diaphragm material and thickness of the partition type atmospheric safety valve must comply with the regulations of the manufacturer. If there is any change, a simulation test shall be carried out to prove that it meets the requirements before it can be used:
(3) The joint between the partition and the valve seat (flange) of the partition type atmospheric safety valve shall be flat, and the edges of the partition and the clamping ring shall be sharp. No paint shall be added to the joint to prevent sticking. The temporary pressure plate when the equipment leaves the factory shall be removed.
2.4.14 The installation of the cylinder expansion indicator shall be firm and reliable, and the indication range of the indicator shall meet the maximum expansion of the cylinder. Before starting the turbine, the indicator should be checked and recorded in cold state, and the room temperature should be recorded at the same time.
2.4.15 After the cylinder and bearing seat are installed, the following installation technical records should be available:
(1) Record of horizontal lift of cylinder and bearing seat: (2) Final record of load distribution:
(3) Record of cylinder horizontal surface connection; (4) Record of clearance of sliding pins of various parts and record of thickness of cat claw pad. 2.5
Bearings and oil baffles
2.5.1 Before the bearing is installed, the following inspections should be conducted on the quality of the relevant manufacturers of the equipment, and they should meet the requirements: (1) Each bearing component should be stamped to ensure the correct installation position and direction.
(2) Tungsten metal should be free of defects such as slag inclusions, pores, pits, cracks, etc., and the bearing surface should not have poor bonding. Generally, it can be checked by oil immersion or coloring. If there is any doubt about the three oil wedges or tilting pads, ultrasonic inspection can be used. There should be no debonding. If poor bonding occurs, the manufacturer should be notified for research and treatment.
(3) Check that the wedge-shaped oil gap and oil pocket below the pad mouth should comply with the requirements of the manufacturing drawings. If it is necessary to scrape the oil pocket, the manufacturer should be notified for research and treatment.
(4) The horizontal joint surfaces of the bearing should be in good contact. It should not be plugged in when checked with a 0.05mm feeler gauge. The lower part of the bearing and the bearing seat or bearing sleeve must be in close contact.
(5) The joint surface between the spherical surface of the bearing and the spherical seat must be smooth. The area of contact points per cm2 should account for 75% of the entire spherical surface and be evenly distributed. The interface should not be inserted with a 0.03mm feeler gauge. When the spherical surface is found to be in poor contact, the spherical surface is generally not repaired and scraped, and the manufacturer should be notified to study and deal with it. The horizontal joint surface of the combined spherical bearing and spherical seat is not allowed to be misaligned. (6) For the bearing of the imported unit, the bearing sleeve supported by the ear on both sides should be close to the formal installation state, and then its contact condition should be checked.
Figure 2.5.2 Schematic diagram of the gap between the lower bearing pad
(7) The oil inlet hole of the bearing should be clean and unobstructed, and should be aligned with the oil supply hole on the bearing seat. The oil inlet hole of the pad should have a full circle of contact with its depression. When the oil inlet is provided with a throttling orifice, the diameter of the throttling orifice shall be measured and recorded. The thickness of the orifice shall not prevent the close contact between the pad and the cavity.
(8) The position of the temperature measuring point embedded in the bearing shall be correct and the wiring shall be firm as required by the drawing.
2.5.2 The installation of the bearing or bushing with pads shall meet the following requirements (Figure 2.5.2):
(1) When the angle α between the center line and the vertical line of the pads on both sides is close to 90°, the pads at the three locations shall have good contact with their cavity, regardless of whether the rotor is pressed on the lower bearing or not, and a 0.05mm feeler gauge shall not be inserted.
(2) When the angle α between the center line and the vertical line of the pads on both sides is less than 90°, the rotor is pressed on the lower bearing, and the pads at the three locations shall have good contact with their cavity. If there is a gap between the two side pads, the two side pads should be free of gaps without the rotor in the lower pad. The contact between the lower pad and its dimple should be lighter than that between the two sides or have a gap of 0.03~0.05mmcc
(3) The adjustment shim under the bearing pad should be a whole steel shim. The number of shims for each pad should not exceed three layers. The shim should be flat, free of burrs and curling, and its size should be slightly narrower than the pad. The diameter of the bolt hole or oil hole on the pad should be slightly larger than the original hole and should be aligned. After the final positioning, the number of shims in each stack and the thickness of each shim should be recorded.
(4) When checking the contact of the lower pad by the coloring method, the rotor should be slightly pressed on the lower pad. When checking the contact of the comprehensive bearing pad, the thrust bearing should be fixed in axial position and then ground. The area with contact points between the pad and the dimple per cm2 should account for more than 70% of the pad area and be evenly distributed. 2.5.3 The general requirements for the bearing shell clearance of the supporting bearing are as follows: (1) The top clearance of the cylindrical bearing shell, when the journal diameter is greater than 100mm, is (1.5~2)/1000 of the journal diameter (the larger value is suitable for smaller diameters), and the clearances on both sides are half of the top clearance.
(2) The top clearance of the elliptical bearing shell, when the journal diameter is greater than 100num, is (1~1.5)/1000 of the journal diameter, and the clearances on both sides are (1.5~2)/1000 of the journal diameter (the larger value is suitable for smaller diameters).
(3) The following methods can be used to measure the clearance: ① The top clearance is measured by the pressure fuse method. The diameter of the fuse is about 1.5 times the measured clearance value. There should be no clearance on the horizontal joint surface of the bearing shell after tightening the bolts. The measurement should be made more than twice, and the average of the two close values should be taken. When conditions permit, use a feeler gauge to detect the gap at the upper bearing openings on both ends and select a close value. ① The gap on both sides shall be based on the oil-blocking edge checked by the feeler gauge, and the insertion depth shall be 15 to 20 mm. Below the bearing gap shall be a uniform wedge-shaped oil gap,
The bearing bush tungsten gold supporting the bearing, after the rotor is placed, its 2.5.4
contact surface with the journal along the entire length of the lower bush should reach more than 75% and be evenly distributed without deviation. For individual hard contact points, local scraping that does not affect the profile line can be performed. For those with poor contact or bearing bush clearance that does not meet the requirements of the drawing and requires a large amount of scraping, the manufacturer should be notified for research and processing. The contact angle with the journal after scraping is generally 30°45° for elliptical and circular bushes
2.5.5 The size of the oil pocket of the top shaft oil hole of the lower bearing should meet the requirements of the drawing, the general depth is 0.20～0.40m
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